Post on 14-Jul-2015
GREAT BATHSTHERMAE OF CARACALLA
Intro..!•Thermae means bath. In Latin ‘public baths’.
•Most Romans did not have the modern concept of a bathroom in their private homes.
•So, they were in need of public baths.
•Most Romans bathed in local neighborhood balneum, with an average of 5 bath houses per block
•Popularity of these balneum led to the creation of the Thermae.
History of THERMAE•The Baths of Caracalla in Rome, Italy were Roman public baths, or thermae, built in Rome between AD 212 and 216, during the reign of the Emperor Caracalla.
THERMAE•Romans would visit the Thermae daily to bathe.
•There was a small entrance fee to use the Thermae.
•Romans did not invent Thermae, Greeks did!
•Romans improved upon heating of THERMAE through invention of hypocaust.
• A system of burning coal and wood underneath the ground to heat water provided by a dedicated aqueduct. It was in use up to the 19th century.
Hypocaust
Bathing @thermae Bathers would enter the bath house and pay a small
fee to a slave at the entrance
Order of Bath
o Apodyterium (changing room)
o Palaestra (exercise yard)
o Tepidarium (warm room)
o Caldarium (hot room)
o Frigidarium (cold room)
APODYTERIUM
•Changing Room -Bathers left clothes in cubby holes, many brought slaves with them to the baths to guard their clothes as bath houses were the typical haunts of thieves.
PALAESTRA• Exercise Yard
• Wrestling
• Running
• Weight Lifting
• Boxing
PALAESTRA• Mosaic of
women
exercising in
palaestra.
Tepidarium• Warm Room
• Bathers sat
on marble
benches and
gently
perspired.
Caldarium Hot Room
Bathers would wallow in pool
of hot water
Labrum of cool water at
opposite end for refreshing
Massages
Hair plucking
Cleaning with olive oil and
strigils.
Soap? Nay..!• Romans did
not have
soap. They
used olive oil
instead.
Frigidarium
Cold Room
Bathers took
plunge in pool of
unheated water to
close pores.
Now comes the,
Main Building 27 acres complex (11 hectares).
Accommodate up to 2000 people per time.
Main building at the centre and covered by a
thick wall consists of libraries and gym and
also gardens.
6 feet height for loading purpose.• Main building have upper level for
service and heating and lower level
for water drainage.
• Heating reservoir by Aque Marcia
Aqueduct.
• The bath was known because of the
rich interiors of marble seats, mosaic
walls and floors as well as fountain
BUILDING DIMENSION AND BUILDING MATERIALSPrincipal dimensions
Precinct maximum: 412x393 m
Internal: 323x323 m
Central Block overall: 218x112 m
Swimming Pool: 54x23 m
Frigidarium: 59x24 m, height .
41 m
Caldarium: 35M diameter height .
44 m
Quantities of materials
Pozzolanna: 341,000 m³
Quick lime: 35,000 m³
Tuff: 341,000 m³
Basalt for foundations: 150,000 m³
Brick pieces for facing: 17.5 million
Large Bricks: 520,000
Marble columns in Central block: 252
Marble for columns and decorations: 6,300 m³
Let see about,
VESTIBULES
FUNCTION LIKE A
LOBBY OR AN
ENTRANCE ROOM
BETWEEN THE
INTERIOR OF THE
BUILDING AND
OUTER SPACE.
APODYTERIUM (DRESSING ROOMS )
EQUIPPED WITH
BENCHES AND
OFTEN CUBICLES
TO STORE
BATHER’S
CLOTHES.
PALAESTRAS (EXERCISE YARD)
• A FACILITIES SERVE
FOR TRAINING IN
BOXING AND PLAY A
KIND OF BALL GAME.
• THOSE ACTIVITIES
WILL MAKES
BATHERS TO HAVE
SOME MODERATE
EXERCISE BEFORE
THEY GET TO BATHS.
CALIDARIUM• A HOT ROOM WITH A HOT POOL OF
WATER – 35M DIAMETER.
• THIS POOLS HELPS TO OPEN THE
BATHERS PORES AND ALSO HELP
THEM TO SWEATS.
A wing of the underground levels under the caldarium.
The large dimensions of the galleries derived from the
necessity to bring in horse-drawn wagons full of wood.
TEPIDERIUM
A WARM ROOM
ALSO A PLACE WHERE
THE BATHERS CAN
HAVE A MASSAGE AND
BODY HAIR REMOVED.
BECOME THE MOST
BUSY PLACE BECAUSE
OF THE ACTIVITIES.
NATATIO
IS AN OPEN AIR
SWIMMING POOL.
THIS PLACE
FUNCTIONED AS A
PLACE FOR RELAX
AND REFRESH THE
BODY OF THE
BATHERS.
Let see about,
GARDEN
GARDENS THAT
CONSIST STATUES,
FOUNTAIN AND ANY
OTHERS FEATURES.
AFTER BATHING,
PEOPLE CAN WALK
AROUND THE
GARDEN AFTER A
GYMNASIA
• ADJACENT
FACILITIES FROM THE
MAIN BUILDING.
• PLACE WHERE
PEOPLE HAVE
EXERCISE SIMILAR
TO PRESENT
GYMNASIUM.
STUDY ROOMS
LIBRARIES FOR
PEOPLE FACILITIES.
HAVE TWO
SEPARATED
LIBRARIES WHICH IS
ONE FOR LATIN AND
ANOTHER FOR
GREEK LANGUAGE.
Now about,
SECTION THE BUILDING HAVE
TWO LEVELS WHICH IS
THE LOWER LEVEL IS A
PLACE FOR THE
SYSTEM USED TO
HEATING SEVERAL
ROOMS AND ALSO FOR
THE DRAINAGE.
UPPER LEVEL IS A
PLACE WHERE ALL
FEATURES LIKE STATUE
SECTIONGROINS THREE ROUND ARCH
ARCHIVOLTS(Ornamental molding following the curve on the underside of an arch)
JAMB COLUMN
JAMB FIGURE=
COLONNETTEPIERS (A small, relatively thin
column, often used fordecoration or to support an arcade.)
Now,
ELEVATION
THE MAIN BUILDING CLEARLY SURROUNDED
BY THE GARDEN.
THE STRUCTURE IS MADE OUT
FROM TOUGH BRICKS AND A
MARBLE MATERIALS LIKE MOSAIC.
ElEVATIONKEYSTONETHREE ROUND ARCHES
EXTRADOS INTRADOS (exterior curve
of arch)
VOUSSOIRSSPRINGING IMPOST (the level where an (The
uppermost
arch or vault rises part of a column
from a support) supporting arch)
JAMB
Finally, Analysis
Plan Circulation
Analysis of Plan• FROM THE SCHEMATIC
PLAN CONSTRUCTED WE
CAN SEE THAT THE
BUILDING HAVE A BALANCE
SIDES AND IN LINEAR
ORGANISATION.
• ONE SIDE FOR MENS AND
ANOTHER SIDE FOR
WOMENS DEPARTMENT.
• THE IMPORTANT ROOMS
OF APODYTERIUM AND
PALAESTRAS IS AT THE
SAME SIZED AND
• AND THE CALDARIUM, TEPIDARIUM, FRIGIDARIUM AND NATATIO
LOCATED IN LINE AT THE CENTRE OF THE MAIN BUILDING.
Analysis of Circulation THE BUILDING IS
CONSTRUCTED WITH
THE BEST BUILDING
CIRCULATION.
BUT THIS BATH OF
CARACALLA DOES NOT
FUNCTION AS A PUBLIC
BATH ONLY. IT ALSO
FUNCTION AS A SOCIAL
CENTRE WHERE
BUSINESS AND TRADES
ALSO HAPPENED AMONG
PEOPLE HERE.
The End..!!!
Presentation by,
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