GREAT BATHSTHERMAE OF CARACALLA

Intro..!•Thermae means bath. In Latin ‘public baths’.

•Most Romans did not have the modern concept of a bathroom in their private homes.

•So, they were in need of public baths.

•Most Romans bathed in local neighborhood balneum, with an average of 5 bath houses per block

•Popularity of these balneum led to the creation of the Thermae.

History of THERMAE•The Baths of Caracalla in Rome, Italy were Roman public baths, or thermae, built in Rome between AD 212 and 216, during the reign of the Emperor Caracalla.

THERMAE•Romans would visit the Thermae daily to bathe.

•There was a small entrance fee to use the Thermae.

•Romans did not invent Thermae, Greeks did!

•Romans improved upon heating of THERMAE through invention of hypocaust.

• A system of burning coal and wood underneath the ground to heat water provided by a dedicated aqueduct. It was in use up to the 19th century.

Hypocaust

Bathing @thermae Bathers would enter the bath house and pay a small

fee to a slave at the entrance

Order of Bath

o Apodyterium (changing room)

o Palaestra (exercise yard)

o Tepidarium (warm room)

o Caldarium (hot room)

o Frigidarium (cold room)

APODYTERIUM

•Changing Room -Bathers left clothes in cubby holes, many brought slaves with them to the baths to guard their clothes as bath houses were the typical haunts of thieves.

PALAESTRA• Exercise Yard

• Wrestling

• Running

• Weight Lifting

• Boxing

PALAESTRA• Mosaic of

women

exercising in

palaestra.

Tepidarium• Warm Room

• Bathers sat

on marble

benches and

gently

perspired.

Caldarium Hot Room

Bathers would wallow in pool

of hot water

Labrum of cool water at

opposite end for refreshing

Massages

Hair plucking

Cleaning with olive oil and

strigils.

Soap? Nay..!• Romans did

not have

soap. They

used olive oil

instead.

Frigidarium

Cold Room

Bathers took

plunge in pool of

unheated water to

close pores.

Now comes the,

Main Building 27 acres complex (11 hectares).

Accommodate up to 2000 people per time.

Main building at the centre and covered by a

thick wall consists of libraries and gym and

also gardens.

6 feet height for loading purpose.• Main building have upper level for

service and heating and lower level

for water drainage.

• Heating reservoir by Aque Marcia

Aqueduct.

• The bath was known because of the

rich interiors of marble seats, mosaic

walls and floors as well as fountain

BUILDING DIMENSION AND BUILDING MATERIALSPrincipal dimensions

Precinct maximum: 412x393 m

Internal: 323x323 m

Central Block overall: 218x112 m

Swimming Pool: 54x23 m

Frigidarium: 59x24 m, height .

41 m

Caldarium: 35M diameter height .

44 m

Quantities of materials

Pozzolanna: 341,000 m³

Quick lime: 35,000 m³

Tuff: 341,000 m³

Basalt for foundations: 150,000 m³

Brick pieces for facing: 17.5 million

Large Bricks: 520,000

Marble columns in Central block: 252

Marble for columns and decorations: 6,300 m³

Let see about,

VESTIBULES

FUNCTION LIKE A

LOBBY OR AN

ENTRANCE ROOM

BETWEEN THE

INTERIOR OF THE

BUILDING AND

OUTER SPACE.

APODYTERIUM (DRESSING ROOMS )

EQUIPPED WITH

BENCHES AND

OFTEN CUBICLES

TO STORE

BATHER’S

CLOTHES.

PALAESTRAS (EXERCISE YARD)

• A FACILITIES SERVE

FOR TRAINING IN

BOXING AND PLAY A

KIND OF BALL GAME.

• THOSE ACTIVITIES

WILL MAKES

BATHERS TO HAVE

SOME MODERATE

EXERCISE BEFORE

THEY GET TO BATHS.

CALIDARIUM• A HOT ROOM WITH A HOT POOL OF

WATER – 35M DIAMETER.

• THIS POOLS HELPS TO OPEN THE

BATHERS PORES AND ALSO HELP

THEM TO SWEATS.

A wing of the underground levels under the caldarium.

The large dimensions of the galleries derived from the

necessity to bring in horse-drawn wagons full of wood.

TEPIDERIUM

A WARM ROOM

ALSO A PLACE WHERE

THE BATHERS CAN

HAVE A MASSAGE AND

BODY HAIR REMOVED.

BECOME THE MOST

BUSY PLACE BECAUSE

OF THE ACTIVITIES.

NATATIO

IS AN OPEN AIR

SWIMMING POOL.

THIS PLACE

FUNCTIONED AS A

PLACE FOR RELAX

AND REFRESH THE

BODY OF THE

BATHERS.

Let see about,

GARDEN

GARDENS THAT

CONSIST STATUES,

FOUNTAIN AND ANY

OTHERS FEATURES.

AFTER BATHING,

PEOPLE CAN WALK

AROUND THE

GARDEN AFTER A

GYMNASIA

• ADJACENT

FACILITIES FROM THE

MAIN BUILDING.

• PLACE WHERE

PEOPLE HAVE

EXERCISE SIMILAR

TO PRESENT

GYMNASIUM.

STUDY ROOMS

LIBRARIES FOR

PEOPLE FACILITIES.

HAVE TWO

SEPARATED

LIBRARIES WHICH IS

ONE FOR LATIN AND

ANOTHER FOR

GREEK LANGUAGE.

Now about,

SECTION THE BUILDING HAVE

TWO LEVELS WHICH IS

THE LOWER LEVEL IS A

PLACE FOR THE

SYSTEM USED TO

HEATING SEVERAL

ROOMS AND ALSO FOR

THE DRAINAGE.

UPPER LEVEL IS A

PLACE WHERE ALL

FEATURES LIKE STATUE

SECTIONGROINS THREE ROUND ARCH

ARCHIVOLTS(Ornamental molding following the curve on the underside of an arch)

JAMB COLUMN

JAMB FIGURE=

COLONNETTEPIERS (A small, relatively thin

column, often used fordecoration or to support an arcade.)

Now,

ELEVATION

THE MAIN BUILDING CLEARLY SURROUNDED

BY THE GARDEN.

THE STRUCTURE IS MADE OUT

FROM TOUGH BRICKS AND A

MARBLE MATERIALS LIKE MOSAIC.

ElEVATIONKEYSTONETHREE ROUND ARCHES

EXTRADOS INTRADOS (exterior curve

of arch)

VOUSSOIRSSPRINGING IMPOST (the level where an (The

uppermost

arch or vault rises part of a column

from a support) supporting arch)

JAMB

Finally, Analysis

Plan Circulation

Analysis of Plan• FROM THE SCHEMATIC

PLAN CONSTRUCTED WE

CAN SEE THAT THE

BUILDING HAVE A BALANCE

SIDES AND IN LINEAR

ORGANISATION.

• ONE SIDE FOR MENS AND

ANOTHER SIDE FOR

WOMENS DEPARTMENT.

• THE IMPORTANT ROOMS

OF APODYTERIUM AND

PALAESTRAS IS AT THE

SAME SIZED AND

• AND THE CALDARIUM, TEPIDARIUM, FRIGIDARIUM AND NATATIO

LOCATED IN LINE AT THE CENTRE OF THE MAIN BUILDING.

Analysis of Circulation THE BUILDING IS

CONSTRUCTED WITH

THE BEST BUILDING

CIRCULATION.

BUT THIS BATH OF

CARACALLA DOES NOT

FUNCTION AS A PUBLIC

BATH ONLY. IT ALSO

FUNCTION AS A SOCIAL

CENTRE WHERE

BUSINESS AND TRADES

ALSO HAPPENED AMONG

PEOPLE HERE.

The End..!!!

Presentation by,

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