20/01/2013 1

Using GPS Techniques in

Surveys

20/01/2013 2

Navigation and Positioning are

Crucial to So Many Activities

20/01/2013 3

GPS Satellites

20/01/2013 4

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Geometric Idea, Using a Satellite

20/01/2013 7

Using 2 Satellites

20/01/2013 8

Using 3 Satellites

20/01/2013 9

Mathematical Idea; V * T = D

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Satellites Have Precise Atomic Clocks

20/01/2013 13

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Precise Orbit

20/01/2013 15

GPS Satellites Positions are very

Predictable

20/01/2013 16

Radar Checks each Satellite

Altitude, Position and Speed

20/01/2013 17

Minor Variations

20/01/2013 18

Earth’s Atmosphere Causes Delays in

the GPS Signals

20/01/2013 19

Ionosphere & Troposphere,

Error Sources

20/01/2013 20

Multi-path Error

20/01/2013 21

Ephemeris Errors, GDOP

20/01/2013 22

Good Configuration

20/01/2013 23

Differential GPS

20/01/2013 24

Static Surveying by GPS

GPS at reference station

Remote/rover receiver

20/01/2013 25

Rapid Static Surveying by GPS

GPS at reference station

Remote/rover receiver

20/01/2013 26

Kinematic Surveying by GPS

GPS at reference station

Remote/rover receiver

Initialization station

20/01/2013 27

GPS Applications

Location

Navigation

Tracking

Mapping

Timing

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i

X1

Y1

Z1

Z2

Y2

X2

i

r0

ri

Z

X Y

وسائط التحويل

20/01/2013 30

Topcon , Software and

Hardware

20/01/2013 31

Transformation Parameters

between Satellite & Geodetic

Systems

3 Translations:

X Y Z

3 Rotations:

X Y Z

1 Scale Difference:

S