Fungi

Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotes Most are _____cellular Not closely related to other kingdoms of

organisms

Fungi were once placed in the _____ kingdom

Fungi are heterotrophs Fungi are not green……why? Fungi do not have __________ and cannot

capture energy from sunlight Instead, they get energy and organic

molecules from their surroundings

Structure Fungi are made of cells in

long, slender filaments; Hyphae

Each hypha is a long string of individual cells separated by walls called septa

Septa have holes in them to let _________ and ________ travel between cells

Structure As they grow, hyphae

branch and tangle to form a mass called a mycelium

Not all fungi have hyphae or a mycelium; Yeasts

Usually, the only part of the fungus you see are its _________________ structures!

Cell walls of fungi Made up of chitin Same tough material is

also found in exoskeletons of ___________ and arthropods

Fungi digest food outside their bodies Some fungi attack living ______ and ________ Others attack dead organisms Hyphae break down organic matter and absorb

nutrients

Reproduction Fungi reproduce by __________ Spores produce a new individual fungus Spores can be carried by ______ currents or

by animals Moisture causes spores to rapidly grow into a

hypha

P.O.D. 4/7/09

How can fungi be beneficial to people?

Fungi Lifecycle

Groups of Fungi

ZygomycetesAscomycetes

Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes

Spores produced on stalks that grow from a

zygosporangium

Spores produced in saclike

reproductive structures

Spores form at tips of clublike reproductive

structures

Unusual, rare, or not observed reproduction

Bread Molds Zygomycetes Form reproductive structures called

zygosporangia Spores can remain _________ for months Spread by wind/air currents

Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes Yeasts, mildews, morels, truffles Spores form in _________ Without ascomycetes, no bread, pizza, rolls,

moldy cheeses like Camembert and Roquefort

Club fungi - Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs Largest group of fungi Reproductive structures are _______ shaped

Fungi Imperfecti - Deuteromycetes Common molds No known method of

sexual reproduction Penicillium notatum Produces the antibiotic

penicillin Deuteromycetes can

cause skin diseases such as athlete’s foot

Fungi Plants Mycorrhizae Symbiotic relationship

between fungi and plants

Fungi gives water and minerals

Plant gives photosynthetically produced food

Fungi Algae Lichen Mutualistic relationship

between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria

Fungi absorbs water and minerals from environment

Algae uses nutrients for photosynthesis and provides organic molecules

Lichens Can survive in very

harsh conditions Susceptible to air

pollution Acts as an indicator

for scientists to track air pollution

Humans Fungi Yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae Penicillin – Penicillium notatum Cyclosporine – made by fungi, helps body

accept organ transplants (50%90%) Yeasts are used for genetic engineering, may

lead to new treatments for AIDS and cancer

Humans Fungi Fungi cause diseases in

crops Farmers lose billions of

dollars per year from fungal crop diseases

Histoplasma capsulatum – causes histoplasmosis, a serious and sometimes fatal disease in humans