Fungi. Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotes Most are _____cellular Not closely related to other...
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Transcript of Fungi. Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotes Most are _____cellular Not closely related to other...
Fungi
Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotes Most are _____cellular Not closely related to other kingdoms of
organisms
Fungi were once placed in the _____ kingdom
Fungi are heterotrophs Fungi are not green……why? Fungi do not have __________ and cannot
capture energy from sunlight Instead, they get energy and organic
molecules from their surroundings
Structure Fungi are made of cells in
long, slender filaments; Hyphae
Each hypha is a long string of individual cells separated by walls called septa
Septa have holes in them to let _________ and ________ travel between cells
Structure As they grow, hyphae
branch and tangle to form a mass called a mycelium
Not all fungi have hyphae or a mycelium; Yeasts
Usually, the only part of the fungus you see are its _________________ structures!
Cell walls of fungi Made up of chitin Same tough material is
also found in exoskeletons of ___________ and arthropods
Fungi digest food outside their bodies Some fungi attack living ______ and ________ Others attack dead organisms Hyphae break down organic matter and absorb
nutrients
Reproduction Fungi reproduce by __________ Spores produce a new individual fungus Spores can be carried by ______ currents or
by animals Moisture causes spores to rapidly grow into a
hypha
P.O.D. 4/7/09
How can fungi be beneficial to people?
Fungi Lifecycle
Groups of Fungi
ZygomycetesAscomycetes
Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes
Spores produced on stalks that grow from a
zygosporangium
Spores produced in saclike
reproductive structures
Spores form at tips of clublike reproductive
structures
Unusual, rare, or not observed reproduction
Bread Molds Zygomycetes Form reproductive structures called
zygosporangia Spores can remain _________ for months Spread by wind/air currents
Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes Yeasts, mildews, morels, truffles Spores form in _________ Without ascomycetes, no bread, pizza, rolls,
moldy cheeses like Camembert and Roquefort
Club fungi - Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs Largest group of fungi Reproductive structures are _______ shaped
Fungi Imperfecti - Deuteromycetes Common molds No known method of
sexual reproduction Penicillium notatum Produces the antibiotic
penicillin Deuteromycetes can
cause skin diseases such as athlete’s foot
Fungi Plants Mycorrhizae Symbiotic relationship
between fungi and plants
Fungi gives water and minerals
Plant gives photosynthetically produced food
Fungi Algae Lichen Mutualistic relationship
between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria
Fungi absorbs water and minerals from environment
Algae uses nutrients for photosynthesis and provides organic molecules
Lichens Can survive in very
harsh conditions Susceptible to air
pollution Acts as an indicator
for scientists to track air pollution
Humans Fungi Yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae Penicillin – Penicillium notatum Cyclosporine – made by fungi, helps body
accept organ transplants (50%90%) Yeasts are used for genetic engineering, may
lead to new treatments for AIDS and cancer
Humans Fungi Fungi cause diseases in
crops Farmers lose billions of
dollars per year from fungal crop diseases
Histoplasma capsulatum – causes histoplasmosis, a serious and sometimes fatal disease in humans