From Realism to Impressionism: Édouard Manet

– Rejected by the Salon

– Manet becomes hero to nonconformist

– Greatly influenced Monet and others (He adopted the Impressionist approach about 1873)

– Impressionists emerge Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe

From Realism to Impressionism

• The Gleaners, 1857

• The Barbizon School

• Realism w/o the “drama” of Romanticism

Impressionism

– concentration on the general impression produced by a scene or object

– the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.

– Principal Impressionist painters:• Claude Monet• Pierre Auguste Renoir• Berthe Morisot

soleil levant

Impressionism

Monet’s Tulip Fields

Water Lillies, 1903

Impressionism

• Monet’s Port at Argenteuil– Two common

Impressionist themes

• Leisure• Industrial

backdrop

Impressionism

Renoir’s At the Concert

Impressionism

– Edgar Degas (below)– Paul Cézanne (right)

also painted in an Impressionist style for a time in the early 1870s.

Themes in Early Modern ArtThemes in Early Modern Art

1. Uncertainty/insecurity.

2. Disillusionment.

3. The subconscious.

4. Overt sexuality.

5. Violence & savagery.

Edvard Munch: The Scream (1893)Edvard Munch: The Scream (1893)

Expressionism Using bright colors

to express a particular emotion.

art that raises subjective feelings above objective observations.

Franz Marc: Animal Destinies (1913)Franz Marc: Animal Destinies (1913)

Wassily Kandinsky: On White II (1923)Wassily Kandinsky: On White II (1923)

Gustav Klimt: Judith I (1901)Gustav Klimt: Judith I (1901)

Vienna Secessionist

s Disrupt the conservative values of Viennese society.

Obsessed with the self.

Man is a sexual being, leaning toward despair.

No “doctrine”: anything goes

Gustav Klimt:

Wrogie sily (1901)

Gustav Klimt:

Wrogie sily (1901)

Gustav Klimt: The Kiss (1907-8)Gustav Klimt: The Kiss (1907-8)

Gustav Klimt: Danae (1907-8)Gustav Klimt: Danae (1907-8)

Gustav Klimt: Adele Bloch-Bauer I

• Sold in 2006• $135,000,000!

!

Henri Matisse:

Carmelina(1903)

Henri Matisse:

Carmelina(1903)

FAUVE

The use of intense colors in a violent, and uncontrolled way.

“Wild Beast.”

Henri Matisse:

Open Window(1905)

Henri Matisse:

Open Window(1905)

Georges Braque: Violin & Candlestick (1910)

Georges Braque: Violin & Candlestick (1910)

CUBISM

The subject matter is broken down, analyzed, and reassembled in abstract form.

Cezanne The artist should treat nature in terms of the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone.

Georges Braque:

Woman with a Guitar(1913)

Georges Braque:

Woman with a Guitar(1913)

Georges Braque: Still Life: LeJeur (1929)

Georges Braque: Still Life: LeJeur (1929)

Pablo Picasso: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907)

Pablo Picasso: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907)

Picasso: Studio with Plaster Head (1925)

Picasso: Studio with Plaster Head (1925)

Pablo Picasso:

Woman with aFlower(1932)

Pablo Picasso:

Woman with aFlower(1932)

Paul Klee: Red & White Domes (1914)Paul Klee: Red & White Domes (1914)

Paul Klee: Senecio (1922)Paul Klee: Senecio (1922)

George Grosz

Grey Day(1921)

George Grosz

Grey Day(1921)

Dadaism Ridiculed

contemporary culture & traditional art forms.

Nonsense, travesty, incongruity.

The collapse during WW I of social and moral values.

Nihilistic.

Dadaism

• The First Dada Manifesto (Hugo Ball)– July 14, 1916. – 1. Dada is international in perspective and

seeks to bridge differences, – 2. Dada is antagonistic toward established

society in the modern avant-garde, Bohemian tradition of the épater-le-bourgeios (“to shock the middle class”) posture, and

– 3. Dada is a new tendency in art that seeks to change conventional attitudes and practices in aesthetics, society, and morality."

George Grosz:

Daum Marries Her Pedantic AutomatonGeorge in

May, 1920, John

Heartfield is Very Glad of II

(1919-1920)

George Grosz:

Daum Marries Her Pedantic AutomatonGeorge in

May, 1920, John

Heartfield is Very Glad of II

(1919-1920)

George Grosz

The Pillarsof Society

(1926)

George Grosz

The Pillarsof Society

(1926)

Bourgeois Logic and Reason Led to

Destruction

Raoul Hausmann: ABCD (1924-25)Raoul Hausmann: ABCD (1924-25)

Marcel Duchamp: Fountain (1917)Marcel Duchamp: Fountain (1917)

DuChamp’s Mona Lisa

Marcel Duchamp:

Nude Descending a

Staircase(1912)

Marcel Duchamp:

Nude Descending a

Staircase(1912)

Salvador Dali: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War),

1936

Salvador Dali: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War),

1936Surrealis

m Late 1920s-1940s.

Came from the nihilistic genre of DaDa.

Influenced by Freud’s theories on psychoanalysis and the subconscious.

Confusing & startling images like those in dreams.

Salvador Dali: The Persistence of Memory (1931)

Salvador Dali: The Persistence of Memory (1931)

The Manifesto of Surrealism

• Andre Breton, 1924• “based on the belief in the superior

reality of certain forms of association hitherto neglected, in the omnipotence of the dream, and in the disinterested play of thought.”

Salvador Dali

The Accommodation of Desire

Salvador DaliSalvador Dali

The Apparition of the Face and Fruit Dish on a Beach

(1938)

Salvador Dali: Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of a New Man

(1943)

Salvador Dali: Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of a New Man

(1943)