Post on 28-Feb-2019
Fossil, fissile and renewable energy sources , they role in sustainable
country development
Andrzej G. ChmielewskiInstitute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
&Warsaw University of Technology
Warsaw, Poland
SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT TO A COMPETITIVE EUROPEAN LOW CARBONECONOMY: ENERGY, TRANSPORT AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Warsaw, July 7 th 2011
More, more and more* 1 billion 1804* ca.1,5 bilions 1900 (96 years later)* 2 - 1927 (123 years later)* 3 - 1960 (33 y)* 4 - 1974 (14 y) * 5 - 1987 (13 y)* 6 - 1999 (12 y)
2006 - 6.5 billions
Europe, Europe….
I. The First Law of Thermodynamics, commonly known as the Law of
Conservation of Matter, states that matter/energy cannot be created nor can
it be destroyed.II. II. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
is commonly known as the Law of Increased Entropy. While quantity
remains the same (First Law), the quality of matter/energy deteriorates gradually
over time. How so?
Usable energy is inevitably used for productivity, growth and repair. In the process, usable
energy is converted into unusable energy. Thus, usable energy is irretrievably lost in the form of
unusable energy.
OILTime left 42.5 years
Billion barrels(1 barrel = 42 US-gallons =117.347766 liters)
1,317
GASTime left 65.5 years
Trillion, cubic m
175
COALTime left 155 years
Million Tonnes 904936
Proven fossil fuels reserves
0
10
20
30
40
1980 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '08
PJ
Energy Consumption Flaring
Is combustion of natural gas in the big power biolers a crime ?
Yes, it is !Gas is a raw material for a chemical industry and a fuel for
clean transport. The country which is using a gas for energy production can nit say that is implementing suitanble
development.
The World Needs To Rapidly DevelopNew Energy Sources
Solar Applications
Wind Option
How to store the energy ?
Potential
Kinetic
Chemical
Present status of renewable energy
Photovoltaic Wind power Nuclear energy
Area 20 m2/kW130 km2/1000 MW
500 m2 for two 250 kW class unit (height 30 m, diameter of vane
28 m)
0.4 km2/1000 MW
Operation rate
Annual Capacity Factor ca.12%No generation
during night-time
Annual Capacity Factor 20÷25%
Wind velocity > 6 m/s
Annual Capacity Factor
ca 80%
Mega Cities
Nuclear PowerCurrent Status
442 nuclear power plants24 under construction
Coal vs uranium
→
→
→
→
3 millionstons a year
150 – 200 000 tonnssolids, with
gases 7 milionstonns
Ca 25 tonsUO2 a year
After reprocessing1 ton high radioactive
wastes
1000 MWe
1000 MWe
In one act of fission 200 MeV energy, in chemical reaction(eg. coal combustion) a few eV.10 000 000 X
Air pollution
And Growing Water Demand
Integration of energy & water production plans very crucial,
especially for developing countries…
"My father rode a camel. I drive a car. My son flies a jet airplane. His
son will ride a camel."
[Arabian Proverb]
Future Transportation?
Ultimately, the future is for solar.
But nuclear power can bridge the the gap.
Gas, gas, gas….
consumption13 mld m3
biogas11,7 mld m3
Import 9,5 billions m3
TWO STAGE SYSTEM
HYDROLYSIS METHANOGENESIS
BIOMASS
BIOGAS
COMPOST
PROS:- Efficiency- Reduced size
Thank you for your kind attention!
Keep your environment clean and safe !