Post on 07-Apr-2018
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 2/22
1
Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB
Critical factor in employee behavior
The ³myth of rationality´
Emotions of any kind are disruptive to
organizations
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 3/22
2
What Are Emotions?
Moods
Feelings that tend to
be less intense thanemotions and that lack
a contextual stimulus
Emotions
Intense feelings that
are directed atsomeone or something
Affect
A broad range of feelings that people
experience
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 4/22
3
Emotions and Moods
Emotions
Caused by specific event
Very brief in duration(seconds or minutes)
Specifically and numerousin nature
Accompanied by distinctfacial expressions
Action oriented in nature
Moods
Cause is often generaland unclear
Last longer than emotions(hours or days)
More general
Not indicated by distinctexpressions
Cognitive in nature
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 5/22
4
The Basic Emotions
While not universally accepted, there appear tobe six basic emotions:
1. Anger
2. Fear
3. Sadness
4. Happiness
5. Disgust
6. Surprise
May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:
Happiness ± surprise ± fear ± sadness ± anger -disgust
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 6/22
5
Sources of Emotions and Moods
Personality
Day and Time of the Week
Weather
StressSocial Activities
Sleep
Exercise
AgeGender
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 7/22
6
Positive Moods are
Highest
� At the End of the
Week
� In the Middle Part
of the Day
Negative Moods areHighest
At the Beginning of the Week
And show little variationthroughout the day
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 8/22
7
Gender and Emotions
Women
Can show greater emotional expression
Experience emotions more intensely
Display emotions more frequently Are more comfortable in expressing emotions
Are better at reading others¶ emotions
Men
Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistentwith the male image
Are innately less able to read and to identifywith others¶ emotions
Have less need to seek social approval by
showing positive emotions
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 9/22
8
What Is the Function of Emotion?
What Functions Do Emotions Serve?
Darwin argued they help in survival problem-solving
Evolutionary psychology: people must experienceemotions as there is a purpose behind them
Not all researchers agree with this assessment
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 10/22
9
Emotional Labor
An employee¶s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
Emotional Dissonance:
Employees have to project one emotion whilesimultaneously feeling another
Can be very damaging and lead to burnout
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 11/22
10
Types of Emotions:
Felt: the individual¶s actual emotions
Displayed: required or appropriate emotions
Surface Acting: displaying appropriately butnot feeling those emotions internally
Deep Acting: changing internal feelings tomatch display rules
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 12/22
11
External Constraints on Emotions
Organizational
Influences
Cultural
Influences
Individual
Emotions
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 13/22
12
EXTERNAL CONTSTRAINTS ON EMOTIONS
1. ORGANIZATIONAL EXPECTATIONS
Job requirements
Disney -- learn to smile«and act happy!
Doctors & air-traffic controllers ± never show
emotions & get excited
Evangelists, sports announcers, lawyers ± showemotions to be effective
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 14/22
13
2. CULTURAL INFLUENCES
Americans value enthusiasm
Americans ± smiling is a sign of friendliness ±
viewed positively
Chinese consider negative emotions to be usefuland constructive
Norms for expressing emotions differ across
cultural groups:
Japanese - smiling indicates a lack of intelligence French ± make no effort to hide their personal
feelings about customers
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 15/22
14
Affective Events Theory (AET)
A model that suggests that workplace events
cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplaceattitudes and behaviors.
Implications of the theory
Current and past emotions affect jobsatisfaction.
Emotional fluctuations create variations in jobsatisfaction and performance.
Both negative and positive emotions candistract workers and reduce job performance.
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 16/22
15
Affective Events Theory (AET)
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 17/22
16
Theory Implies
Emotions provide valuable insights about
behavior
Emotions, and the minor events that cause
them, should not be ignored at work: they
accumulate
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 20/22
19
TWO VIEW POINTS ABOUT Emotions
Traditionalists
say that emotions
High performers
say that emotions
Distract us
Increase our
vulnerability
Cloud our judgment
Must be controlled
Motivate us
Increase our
confidence
Speed our analysis
Build trust
Must be managed
8/6/2019 Final Emotions&Moods
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-emotionsmoods 21/22
20
OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Selection
Decision Making
Creativity
Motivation
Leadership
Customer Services
Deviant Workplace Behaviors