CHAPTER 4 PART THREETHE CIVIL WAR

1861-1865

CHAPTER 4 PART THREETHE CIVIL WAR

1861-1865

Battle of Antietam CreekBattle of Antietam Creek

• Bloodiest one day action of entire war, over 25,000 casualties

• Lee forced to withdraw from Maryland to Virginia

• Bloodiest one day action of entire war, over 25,000 casualties

• Lee forced to withdraw from Maryland to Virginia

Battle of Antietam Creek,Sharpsburg Viginia 17 Sept, 1862

Battle of Antietam Creek,Sharpsburg Viginia 17 Sept, 1862

• General Lee was intent on invading the North.

• General McClellan was given a copy of Lee’s plans and moved to intercept him.

• General Lee was intent on invading the North.

• General McClellan was given a copy of Lee’s plans and moved to intercept him.

President Lincoln announced his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.

President Lincoln announced his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.

Promised freedom to all slaves withinthe territories still in rebellion on1 January 1863

Promised freedom to all slaves withinthe territories still in rebellion on1 January 1863

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Many liberated slaves joined Union forces.Many liberated slaves joined Union forces.

The Thirteenth AmendmentThe Thirteenth Amendment

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntaryservitude, except as a punishment forcrime whereof the party shall have beenduly convicted, shall exist within theUnited States, or any place subject totheir jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have powerto enforce this article by appropriatelegislation.

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntaryservitude, except as a punishment forcrime whereof the party shall have beenduly convicted, shall exist within theUnited States, or any place subject totheir jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have powerto enforce this article by appropriatelegislation.

The Thirteenth AmendmentThe Thirteenth Amendment

• Passed by Congress in 1865

• Ended slavery in the United States

• Passed by Congress in 1865

• Ended slavery in the United States

New OrleansNew Orleans

VicksburgVicksburg

Water depth and lack of Army/Navy coordination contributed to the failureof the Union to take Vicksburg in 1862.

Water depth and lack of Army/Navy coordination contributed to the failureof the Union to take Vicksburg in 1862.

Rear Admiral

David Porter

Rear Admiral

David Porter

General Ulysses

Grant

General Ulysses

Grant

General William Sherman

General William Sherman

Porter worked out a scheme withGenerals Grant and Sherman toput a pincers movement againstVicksburg.

Porter worked out a scheme withGenerals Grant and Sherman toput a pincers movement againstVicksburg.

PorterPorter GrantGrant ShermanSherman

After three failed attempts by the Unionto take Vicksburg, Grant settled in for a siege of the city.

After three failed attempts by the Unionto take Vicksburg, Grant settled in for a siege of the city.

• For 40 days and nights, Porter’s mortar boats rained destruction on Vicksburg.

• On 4 July 1863, 31,000 Confederate troops surrendered.

• For 40 days and nights, Porter’s mortar boats rained destruction on Vicksburg.

• On 4 July 1863, 31,000 Confederate troops surrendered.

A cannon very short in proportionto its bore, for firing shells at highangles

A cannon very short in proportionto its bore, for firing shells at highangles

MortarMortar

Four days later Port Hudson surrendered, and the Mississippi River was under Union control.

Four days later Port Hudson surrendered, and the Mississippi River was under Union control.

Battles Leading to GettysburgBattles Leading to Gettysburg

Chancellorsville, VAChancellorsville, VA

Fredricksburg, VAFredricksburg, VA

Po

tom

ac River

Po

tom

ac River

General Robert E.

Lee

General Robert E.

Lee

General JosephHooker

General JosephHooker

General Stonewall Jackson

General Stonewall Jackson

Lee took on the Armyof the Potomac atChancellorsville, VA,and won.

But he lost his mosttalented generalofficer, “StonewallJackson,” who waskilled by his own menas he returned froma reconnaissancemission.

Lee took on the Armyof the Potomac atChancellorsville, VA,and won.

But he lost his mosttalented generalofficer, “StonewallJackson,” who waskilled by his own menas he returned froma reconnaissancemission.Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Lee’

s A

rmy

Adv

ance

s

Lee’

s A

rmy

Adv

ance

s

• The battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the war.

• The battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the war.

General George Meade

General George Meade

Confederate and Union forces were probing for weaknesses in each other’s lines.Confederate and Union forces were probing for weaknesses in each other’s lines.

Cemetery RidgeCemetery Ridge

CONFEDERATECONFEDERATE LINE

LINE

NN

After a 2-hour artillery barrage:After a 2-hour artillery barrage:

• Pickett led a 15,000-strong Confederate charge at Cemetery Ridge.

• Some managed to reach the Union lines but were killed or thrown back.

• Pickett led a 15,000-strong Confederate charge at Cemetery Ridge.

• Some managed to reach the Union lines but were killed or thrown back.

GeneralGeorge Pickett

GeneralGeorge Pickett

A heavy barrier of artillery (cannon)fire to protect one’s own advancing or retreating troops or to stop the advance of enemy troops

A heavy barrier of artillery (cannon)fire to protect one’s own advancing or retreating troops or to stop the advance of enemy troops

Artillery BarrageArtillery Barrage

• After Pickett’s failed charge, General Lee was forced to begin his retreat back to Virginia, leaving over 20,000 casualties on the fields of Gettysburg.

• After Pickett’s failed charge, General Lee was forced to begin his retreat back to Virginia, leaving over 20,000 casualties on the fields of Gettysburg.

GeneralRobert E. Lee

GeneralRobert E. Lee

Lee’s task was to keep his army intact until a settlement could be reached with the Union.

Lee’s task was to keep his army intact until a settlement could be reached with the Union.

Major Southern PortsMajor Southern Ports

New OrleansNew Orleans

The main ship channel to Charlestonwent directly past Fort Sumter.The main ship channel to Charlestonwent directly past Fort Sumter.

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Confederate engineers who designed Fort Sumter’s defensesConfederate engineers who designed Fort Sumter’s defenses

General Beauregard

General Beauregard

General Ripley

General Ripley

42 Pounder42 Pounder 100 Pounder Parrott100 Pounder Parrott

200 Pounder Parrott200 Pounder Parrott 10-inch Seacoast Mortar10-inch Seacoast Mortar

Fort Sumterused many gabions tofortify itsintegrity against theenemy.

Fort Sumterused many gabions tofortify itsintegrity against theenemy.

GabionGabion

Cylinder of wickerwork filled with earth, used as a military defenseCylinder of wickerwork filled with earth, used as a military defense

GabionGabion

Many of the surrounding waters ofFort Sumter were mined.Many of the surrounding waters ofFort Sumter were mined.

Many cannons and artillery shellswere in the interior of Fort Sumter.Many cannons and artillery shellswere in the interior of Fort Sumter.

Artillery ShellsArtillery Shells100 Pounder Parrott100 Pounder Parrott

Picket fences helped protect thewalls.Picket fences helped protect thewalls.

Picket fences helped protect thewalls of Fort Sumter from theenemy scaling the walls.

Picket fences helped protect thewalls of Fort Sumter from theenemy scaling the walls.

The high, thick walls of Fort Sumterwere hard to climb or penetrate.The high, thick walls of Fort Sumterwere hard to climb or penetrate.

• Both sides had ironclad building programs.

• Admiral Dupont led a 9-ironclad Union attack.

• Both sides had ironclad building programs.

• Admiral Dupont led a 9-ironclad Union attack.

Admiral Samuel Dupont

Admiral Samuel Dupont

The USS Keokok was sunk after beingstruck over 90 times by Confederateshells.

The USS Keokok was sunk after beingstruck over 90 times by Confederateshells.

Dupont’s attack on Fort Sumter was ineffective, and he was relieved of command.

Dupont’s attack on Fort Sumter was ineffective, and he was relieved of command.

Admiral John Dahlgren

“Dupont’s Relief”

Admiral John Dahlgren

“Dupont’s Relief”

General Gillmore

“Corps of Engineers”

General Gillmore

“Corps of Engineers”

Charleston FallsCharleston Falls

Together, Dahlgren and Gillmoreplaced Charleston under siegeand forced its surrender.

Then they turned their guns on Ft.Sumter and reduced it to rubble.

But the Confederates refused tosurrender. Subsequent naval andamphibious assaults also failed.

Together, Dahlgren and Gillmoreplaced Charleston under siegeand forced its surrender.

Then they turned their guns on Ft.Sumter and reduced it to rubble.

But the Confederates refused tosurrender. Subsequent naval andamphibious assaults also failed.

H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley

CSS DavidCSS David

Davids were designed to ramUnion vessels with a spar armedwith a charge of gunpowder. Theexplosive was then detonated byyanking a long cord.

Davids were designed to ramUnion vessels with a spar armedwith a charge of gunpowder. Theexplosive was then detonated byyanking a long cord.

The powerful Union ironclad NewIronsides was badly damaged bya David.

The powerful Union ironclad NewIronsides was badly damaged bya David.

H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley

• The world’s first submarine warship

• Designed to pull a torpedo into the side of a ship

• The world’s first submarine warship

• Designed to pull a torpedo into the side of a ship

H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley

Conning TowerConning Tower Leather BellowsLeather Bellows

Ballast TanksBallast Tanks

H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley

• Powered by 8 or 9 men turning a crankshaft

• Powered by 8 or 9 men turning a crankshaft

H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley

• Four crews drowned in sea trials.• Four crews drowned in sea trials.

• General Beauregard prohibited her from being submerged again.• General Beauregard prohibited her from being submerged again.

H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley

The Hunley attacks the Housatonic.The Hunley attacks the Housatonic.

USS HousatonicUSS Housatonic

• The charge exploded before the Hunley could get away.

• The Housatonic sank in less than 5 minutes

• The Hunley and her fifth crew were also lost.

• The charge exploded before the Hunley could get away.

• The Housatonic sank in less than 5 minutes

• The Hunley and her fifth crew were also lost.

Lt. George DixonLt. George Dixon

Declaration of Paris of 1856 Declaration of Paris of 1856

Major European countries, exceptSpain, declared privateering illegal.Major European countries, exceptSpain, declared privateering illegal.

• Nearly 1,500 blockade runners saw service during the Civil War.

• It was a very profitable business, worth the risks involved.

• Nearly 1,500 blockade runners saw service during the Civil War.

• It was a very profitable business, worth the risks involved.

Effects of Blockade RunningEffects of Blockade Running

Besides, the odds of a blockade runnerbeing captured were only 1 in 4.Besides, the odds of a blockade runnerbeing captured were only 1 in 4.

BeforeBefore AfterAfter

SaltCoffee

SaltCoffee

$6.50/ton$249/ton$6.50/ton$249/ton

$1,700/ton$5,500/ton$1,700/ton$5,500/ton

Confederate commerce raiding by cruisers such as the CSS Alabama:Confederate commerce raiding by cruisers such as the CSS Alabama:

• Mostly foreign built with foreign crews and Southern officers

• Caused the decline of the Northern merchant marine

• Mostly foreign built with foreign crews and Southern officers

• Caused the decline of the Northern merchant marine

CSS ChickamaugaCSS Chickamauga

Cruiser’s purpose was to:

• Weaken the blockade

• Keep over 100 Union ships busy

Cruiser’s purpose was to:

• Weaken the blockade

• Keep over 100 Union ships busy

The most famousand successful ofthe Confederatecruiser skippers

The most famousand successful ofthe Confederatecruiser skippers

CaptainRaphael Semmes

CaptainRaphael Semmes

CSS SumterCSS Sumter

• Captured 17 Union ships before being cornered in Gibraltar

• Sold Sumter and made his way to England

• Captured 17 Union ships before being cornered in Gibraltar

• Sold Sumter and made his way to England

CAPT Raphael Semmes

CAPT Raphael Semmes

CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama

• Sailed to Portugal to pick up armament• Crewed by English and Irish volunteers• Raised the Confederate ensign

• Sailed to Portugal to pick up armament• Crewed by English and Irish volunteers• Raised the Confederate ensign

CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama

• Sank 20 ships in the North Atlantic

• Cruised the world’s oceans for 18 months sinking Union vessels

• Sank 20 ships in the North Atlantic

• Cruised the world’s oceans for 18 months sinking Union vessels

CSS Alabama’s Last BattleCSS Alabama’s Last Battle

CherbourgCherbourg

EnglandEngland

FranceFrance

Ho

llan

dH

olla

nd

USS KearsargeUSS Kearsarge

• French refused Semmes docking rights when the Kearsarge arrived off Cherbourg, France.

• Semmes challenged Winslow to a single-ship duel.

• French refused Semmes docking rights when the Kearsarge arrived off Cherbourg, France.

• Semmes challenged Winslow to a single-ship duel.

CAPT John Winslow

CAPT John Winslow

DeerhoundDeerhound

• Deerhound observed the action.

• Kearsarge was a faster vessel with better ammunition.

• Alabama began to sink.

• Deerhound observed the action.

• Kearsarge was a faster vessel with better ammunition.

• Alabama began to sink.

• Semmes tried to beach his ship.

• Deerhound picked up survivors and took them to England.

• Semmes tried to beach his ship.

• Deerhound picked up survivors and took them to England.

CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama USS KearsargeUSS Kearsarge

• Alabama had captured 71 Union ships.

• British government later had to pay 15.5 million dollars in claims.

• Alabama had captured 71 Union ships.

• British government later had to pay 15.5 million dollars in claims.

CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama

CSS ShenandoahCSS Shenandoah

• Wreaked havoc on Union whaling ships in the Aleutians

• All but destroyed the American whaling industry

• Wreaked havoc on Union whaling ships in the Aleutians

• All but destroyed the American whaling industry

ALASKAALASKA

Aleutian

Islands

END OF PART THREE

END OF PART THREE