Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 2.

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Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 2

Transcript of Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 2.

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Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction

Chapter 2

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I. Mexican War

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II. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Feb. 1848—Ends Mexican War2. CA, NM (including UT, NV, AZ)3. Rio Grande River the southern boundary4. Mexico gets $15 million

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III. 1850s—Decade of Crisis

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1850s—Decade of Crisis (cont’d)

1. 1849—80,000+ flood CA2. CA a free or slave state?3. CA a slave state?4. Extend the Missouri Line?

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IV. Compromise of 1850

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Compromise of 1850 (cont’d)

1. CA free state2. Slavery unrestricted in UT & NM territories3. TX gets $10 million for land4. Slave trade abolished in D.C. & MD5. Fugitive Slave Act

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V. Kansas-Nebraska Act

1. Republican Party—Opposed to the expansion of slavery & KS/NE Act.

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Roger Taney Dred Scott

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VI. John Brown

1. Harper’s Ferry, VA2. Big slave rebellion?3. Failure4. Caught, tried, executed5. Confederate Army begins….

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VII. The South Secedes

1. Dec. 20, 1860—SC secedes2. Protect state’s rights, slavery, & way of life3. MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX followed. (Later VA, AK, NC)4. Feb. 1861—Confederate States of America5. Pres. Jefferson Davis

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The South Secedes (cont’d)

6. Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC7. S. opens canon fire; Union gives up the Federal Garrison8. Conf. celebrated their 1st victory; Civil War begins. (Bloodies war in

U.S. history)

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VIII. Civil War

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Anaconda Plan

1.Union Plan--Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan 1. 1st Phase—Union Navy blockade ALL Southern Ports 2. 2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River3. 3rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas 4. 4th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA

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Antietam

1.Antietam—Bloodiest day 2.22,000 dead 3.Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept Confederates from getting

foreign aid!

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Emancipation Proclamation

1.Jan. 1, 1863. 2.Gave N. moral justification 3.England agreed; won’t help the S. 4.Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union 5.54th Mass. Infantry

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IX. 1863: Turning Point

1. 1863: War Tips to the North 2. 2. 1862-1863 Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and

Chancellorsville 3. June 1863—Gettysburg, PA 4. Bloodiest overall battle of the war 5. Lee; never again try to attack the N. 6. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg 7. Won’t get European support; never win again

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8. July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS 9. Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River 10. Gettysburg Address 11. Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the Union Army

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Sherman’s March to the Sea

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X. Consequences

1.Generation lost; 620,000 2.Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home, etc. 3.1865: 4 million new Americans (13th Amend.) 4.Politics: preserving the Union; federal gov. supreme 5.American democracy survived 6. Reconstructionindustrialization

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XI. Reconstruction

1. 13th Amendment—Abolishes slavery

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2. 14th Amendment, 18681. Protect Rights of all U.S. citizens2. Due process & equal protection3. No state/fed. office; Conf. officers

3. 15th Amendment 1868, 1. States can’t prevent citizens from voting based on: race, color, or previous servitude