Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

US Land Acquisitions 1803-1853

15.2 The Louisiana Territory Farmers settling west of Appalachians wanted to float

crops down Mississippi through port of New Orleans

Louisiana Territory from Mississippi all the way to Rocky Mountains; owned by France

Napoleon wanted to use land for French farmers

“A Noble Bargain” Two problems emerge for France

France lost colonies in Caribbean; no need for Louisiana

France and Great Britain on brink of war; did not want to lose land to British

Sold for $15 million

The Purchase Debate Opponents of the purchase

Impossible to govern such a large nation

Did not have the money to buy

Jefferson went beyond his Constitutional rights as president

Ratified in Congress in 1803

Manifest DestinyThe idea that the United States

had the right/duty to expand westward in North America

15.3 Florida Spanish unwilling to sell Florida

Southern farmers upset by Seminole raids

Andrew Jackson enters Florida to protect farmers, creates problems

Monroe sends message (advice from John Quincy Adams) “Govern Florida properly, or get out”

Spain fearful of war, cedes Florida for $5 million

Still keeps Texas

15.4 Texas Land of Texas valuable because of cotton

Stephen F. Austin settles in Texas (then owned by Mexico) with “Old Three Hundred”

Tensions between American settlers and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican descent)

Mexico closes Texas to US immigration

Stephen F. Austin goes to plead with General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna; thrown in jail

The Alamo

Santa Anna kills 180 Texan volunteers; Davy Crockett

Sam Houston draws Santa Anna east; surprise attack and Anna is captured

Texas becomes independent

Polk annexes Texas 10 years later

15.5 Oregon Country Great Britain vs. US for control

Claimed by Lewis and Clark

Early settlers were missionaries

Pioneers followed when vast fertile land was discovered

Polk did not want to risk war to claim territory

Used the 49th parallel as a boundary

15.6 The Mexican-American War Polk’s main goal: expand US west

Tensions rise after annexation of Texas

Mexicans fire on US troops near Rio Grande, starting the Mexican-American War

General Stephen Curry leads an army that occupies New Mexico

Little to no opposition

John C. Fremont rebels and takes over California

Zachary Taylor leads troops into Mexico

He and General Winfield Scott fight their way to Mexico City and seize capital

Sign Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo giving them west of Texas, see map

Bought land for $15 million and protected Mexicans living in lands

Chapter 16 Life in the West

16.2 Explorers Lewis and Clark Expedition

Left in 1804

Contact Indians interested in trade

Find the Northwest Passage

Find out what the US got with Louisiana Purchase

Up the Missouri River

Made camp in North Dakota

A fur trapper (Shoshone) joined with his wife Sacagawea

To the Pacific and Back

Reach Rockies in summer of 1805

Meet Sacagawea’s brother who provides them materials

Reached Pacific in winter of 1805

Explorer’s legacy

Mapped route to Pacific

Established relations with Western Indians

16.3 The Californios Junipero Serra, Spanish

missionary, looked to convert Indians to Catholicism Created missions from San

Diego to San Francisco Missions to convert were deadly California came under Mexican

control, turned land into ranchos Ranchos were massive, most

important resource was cattle ranching

US took California in war with Mexico

16.4 The Mountain MenLewis and Clark reinvigorated the fur tradeAdventurous men looking for money

had to combat dangersIndiansBearsFur thieves

Their adventures also helped explore/settle the West

16.5 Missionaries Indian group Nez Perce sent party

to St. Louis about “black book” Missionaries set out on Oregon

Trail to move west Difficulties but ultimately promise

with conversion of Nez Perce chiefs Many Americans joined westward

movement Brought with them weapons,

tools and disease Missionaries were remembered for

opening up the west to settlement

16.6 The Pioneer Women Women expected to do same work at home, on the trail

Wash clothes, cook, take care of kids Women had to face dangers like disease, stampedes,

Indian attacks All of these hardships helped changed status of women

Many went on to teach Indians they encountered Women were strong and necessary to keep families together

16.7 The Mormons Brigham Young helped form

settlement in modern day Utah Many Mormons were persecuted

in the east, so moved west Young helps develop church while

adapting to new environment First to occupy Great Basin;

pioneered new farming and irrigation systems out west

16.8 The Forty-Niners Gold discovered in California, many rush West to find fortune Started in 1849, those who moved called forty-niners

Settlers included Americans, Chinese, Australians, South Americans Most were men

Due to huge increase in populations growth in… Mines Crime Prices

Mining was very difficult and tedious After a few years, the gold dried up

16.9 The Chinese More than 20,000 Chinese

had ventured across the Pacific to California

Welcomed at first but as gold dried up and jobs were scarce they were persecuted

Most stayed in US and helped develop WestMiningFarmingfactories