Post on 30-Jan-2018
Building Construction and BIM in Japan
Japan Federation of Construction Contractors, Research and Development CommitteeTechnical Research Section Chairman
Obayashi Corporation, Technical Research InstituteExecutive Officer and General Manager
Takashi Shiokawa
1IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar
JFCC Research and Development Committee
Japan Federation of Construction Contractors (JFCC)The construction contractors organization which works to
resolve the various systems and issues related to the construction industry.138 contractors have joined.
JFCC Research and Development CommitteeThe committee which addresses the research, development
and improvement of building technology supporting for social and building needs.
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Building Construction and BIM in Japan
Building Construction in JapanConstruction InvestmentDesign-Build SystemDesign Division of ContractorResearch and Development in ContractorProject Contract Type
Current Status of BIM in JapanTrends of BIM in the worldTrends of BIM in JapanBIM Activities of JFCC
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Building Construction in Japan
4IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013
51.6 47.5 45.5 43.8 48.2 42.2 37.4 36.6 36.2 33.1 30.9 30.2 32.0 32.6 33.5 30.7 31.4 25.0 23.9 24.7 26.0 28.0
32.3 34.2 33.3 35.2
34.6
33.0 34.0
31.9 30.0 28.2
25.9 23.5 20.8 19.0 17.8
16.9 16.7 17.9 18.0 17.2
18.9 22.0
49.1 45.3 43.9
41.0 45.8
39.9 34.9 34.7 33.6
30.8 29.2 28.7 29.7 29.7 30.6 27.7 28.4
22.7 22.1 22.5 23.4 26.3
84.0 81.7 78.8 79.0
82.8
75.2 71.4
68.5 66.2 61.3
56.8 53.7 52.8 51.6 51.3
47.7 48.2 43.0 41.9 41.9
44.9 50.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1992 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Government Sector
Private Sector
Building
(Trillion Yen)
(Fiscal Year)
Trends in Construction Investment Construction investment was reduced to 50% of the peak in 2010
and began to increase in earthquake recovery demand from 2011.
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 5JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013
Breakdown of construction investment The majority of private investment is building work.
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JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013
GovernmentResidential Building0.9 %Private
Residential Building31.2 %
Private Civil11.0 %
Government Civil36.8 %
Private58.0 %
Government42.0 %
PrivateNon-residential Building
15.8 %
GovernmentNon-residential Building4.3 %
Japanese Design-Build System
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 7JFCC : Japanese Multi-disciplinary Contractors with Their Own Design Divisions
Multi-disciplinary ContractorClientBusinessPlanning
Phase
BuildingPhase
OperationPhase
ConfirmDesignCriteria
ConfirmDesign
ConfirmDesign
Handover
DesignPre-design
PreliminaryDesign
DetailedDesign
Supervision
TechnicalSupport
Construction
Post-ConstructionServicesScheduled Inspection
Inspection
Inspection
Design Review
Design Review
Design Review
Technical Review(Quality, Technology, Cost)
Technical Review(Quality, Technology, Cost)
Completion
Start ofConstruction
Japanese Design-Build System Historical reasons Traditionally, Japanese society has relied on an architectural system in
which a master carpenter (toryo) is responsible for both the design and the construction of buildings.
Clients put their faith in this system, which, over the year, has been refined and steadily developed by various contractors and their design divisions.
Advantages of the System Clearly defined responsibilities for the design and construction of
buildings. Assured quality based on construction-technological feedback. Accelerated project delivery.
The system can produce high-quality buildings rapidly and economically.
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Design Division of Contractor 55 major member contractors of JFCC have design divisions
Trends in the ratio of design department employees
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 9JFCC Design Committee : Design department annual questionnaire 2012
5.7% 5.6% 5.7% 5.9%6.5% 6.9%
7.5% 7.4% 7.4% 7.4%
0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%
2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12(Fiscal Year)
Ratio of Design-Build Projects Design-Build Rate
Design-Build Rate = Design-Build contract volume / Building Work order volume
Building Work order volume (in Japan)= 6,679, 580 Million Yen Designed Together : designed in collaboration with other
companies In the case of joint venture project, the amount was entered in
accordance with the equity.
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 10JFCC Design Committee : Design department annual questionnaire 2012
Design-Buildorder volume
Design-BuildRate
Designed Alone 2,099,531 Million Yen 31.4%Designed Together 310,024 Million Yen 4.6%
Alone + Togeter 2,409,555 Million Yen 36.0%
Research and Development in Contractor Trends in R & D Expenses
R & D expenses of the construction industry are less than those of other industries. However, some major companies invest about 10 billion yen per year.
Trends in the ratio of R & D Expenses to Sales
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 11JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013
Construction
Manufacturing
All IndustryExpenses in 2011 :
113 billion yen
(Fiscal Year)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Ratio of R & D expenses to sales
with Laboratory without Laboratory
R & D expence(Billion Yen)
sales (Billion Yen)
Research and Development in Contractor 36 major member contractors of JFCC perform
research and development.
Total R & D expensesto sales : 0.56%
28 contractors own experimental facilities
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JFCC R & D Committee : R & D annual questionnaire 2012
Research and Development in Contractor Breakdown of R & D expenses
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Global EnvironmentEnergy saving, CO2 Reduction, Soil Remediation, Water Purification, Alternative Energy
Safety & SecurityEarthquake Resistant,Seismic-Response Control, Base Isolation, Seismology
Quality & ProductivityConcrete, Skeleton, Construction Method, Automation, Maintenance
Amenity & HealthSound, Vibration, Temperature, Humidity
OthersEngineering, BIM
JFCC R & D Committee :R & D annual questionnaire
2012
Quality & Productivity36%
Safety & Security24%
Global Environment21%
Amenity & Health6%
Others12%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Fixed price contract is common in building industry. Fixed Price (lump sum) Contract
• The contractor agrees to complete the project for a specific period of time and the client agrees to pay a fixed amount of money.
Bill of Quantities Contract• The contractor agrees based upon the contract documents with the
quantity table that the client has provided. Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract
• The contractor is responsible for cost overruns, unless the GMP has been increased. Savings resulting from cost underruns are returned to the client or distributed.
Unit-price Contract• The client agrees a unit price of labor and materials. Total cost will vary
depending on the increase or decrease in these quantities. Cost-plus (Cost Reimbursement) Contract
• The contractor is paid for all of its allowed expenses to a set limit plus additional payment to allow for a profit.
Project Contract Type
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Current status of BIM in Japan
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Trends of BIM in the world BIM Guidelines are developed and BIM is being mandatory
IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 16IAI Japan Junichi Yamashita : Present and Future of BIM in the World and Japan
Country Organization Title
US NIBS National BIM Standard
US GSA BIM Guide Series 1~6
US Wisconsin BIM Guideline and Standard for Architect & Engineer
USBuildingSMART US &Penn. State Univ.
BIM Project Execution Planning Guide Ver.1
Finland Senate Properties BIM Requirements Vol.1~9
Denmark bips CAD Manual 2008
Singapore BCA BIM Regulation Submission Pilot Guideline
Australia CRC National Guideline for Digital modeling
Korea MLTM BIM Application Guide
Korea PPS BIM Roadmap
Trends of BIM in the world Clients are active in the adoption of BIM Senate Properties
• An unincorporated state-owned enterprise which manages a major part of the real estate in Finland.
Main Objectives of “Requirements 2007”“With the help of three-dimensional assessment of design solutions, it aims at improving quality and the information exchange between the parties, reducing the number of design errors, increasing the efficiency of the design process and ensuring that the end result conforms to the objectives.”
The client will pay the modeling and administrative costs of BIM indirectly.
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Trends of BIM in Japan 2010.3 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
(MLIT) announced “Start of BIM pilot project in government building and repairs”.
2012.7 Japan Institute of Architects (JIA) released the BIM guidelines. It shows the agenda and expected effect
of BIM to architects.
2012.09 MLIT Government Buildings Department began to study for the development of BIM modeling rules.
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Trends of BIM in Japan
Comparison with the guidelines of overseas
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JIABIM guidelines
Nation Level
Agency /Organization Level
Project Level
USNIBS
KoreaMLTM
FinlandSenate Properties
USGSA
USWisconsin
KoreaPPS
Norway, Oslo New National Museum
BIM Pilot Project
Trends of BIM in JapanContractors are expecting effects of BIM as follows:Acceleration of the process of reaching a consensus with a
client and a designer. Improvement of the coordination process between
subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers. Improvement of the productivity and shortening
construction period by front-loading.
Subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers are expecting effects of BIM as the follows: Improvement of the coordination process between
contractor. Improvement of the manufacturing process by data linkage.Reduction of rework due to front-loading.
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Trends of BIM in Japan Contractors are active participants in the design competition
using BIM. Build Live Japan
• Virtual design competitions organized by IAI Japan
• Competing for the completeness andnovelty of BIM work in 48 hours.
Grand Prize Winners• Build Live Tokyo 2009 Maeda Corporation • Build Live Tokyo 2009 Part II Shimizu Corporation • Build Live Tokyo 2010 Obayashi Corporation,
Shibaura institute of Technology• Build Live Kobe 2011 Shibaura institute of Technology• Build Live Chiba 2012 Obayashi Corporation• Build Live Japan 2013
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Trends of BIM in Japan Procurement of BIM modeling work is spreading abroad.
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China
PhilippinesIndia
Vietnam
BIM Activities of JFCC Building Construction Committee, Information Technology
Promotion Section, BIM special SectionOrganized in 2010, 15 Contractors and 21 observer
companies such as subcontractors, manufacturers, fabricators and BIM software vendors.Purpose :
• Promoting the standardization of specifications and usage.
• Increasing the benefits of BIM in construction stage.
2011 : Published “Investigation of BIM usage in subcontractors, manufacturers and fabricators”
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BIM Activities of JFCC2012 : Organized “BIM meeting for Subcontractors,
Manufacturers and Fabricators” 2012 : Performed “Cooperative Digital Mock-up Trial”.
2013 : Started development of “Guidelines for BIM collaboration in construction stage”.
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Conclusion Building Construction in Japan Major contractors have design divisions and can produce high-quality
building economically in a short period of time by design-build system. Major contractors also perform research and development not only for
the building quality and productivity but also for the global environment, the safety and the security.
Fixed price contract is common in building industry. Current Status of BIM in Japan Development of BIM Guidelines has been delayed from pioneering
countries. The client side expectations for BIM is not strong yet. Architects and
contractors are working on BIM for the purpose of their productivity improvement.
BIM Activities of JFCC BIM special section organized in 2010 and worked for increasing the
benefits of BIM in construction stage.
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