Post on 07-Aug-2018
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Pendekatan Pembelajaran:
Teori Behaviorisme
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“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specied world to bringthem up in and I'll guarantee to take any oneat random and train him to become any type
of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer,artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents,
penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations,and race of his ancestors“
(John Watson, Behaviorism, 1930)
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Pengenalan
Apakah pembelajaran dlm konteks BEHAVIORISME ?
Pembelajaran adalah perubahan tingkah laku angberlaku dalam diri indi!idu hasil drp pengalamanna
Proses pembelajaran bermula sejak dilahirkan hggake akhir haat " pembelajaran dan pertumbuhanadalah saling berkait dan sukar dibe#akan
$eori beha!iorisme mem%okus kepada t&laku manusia
ang boleh dilihat dan diukur
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Andaian tentang manusia
i' Persekitaran adalah asas utk memahami manusia'Persekitaran men(orakkan sejauh mana manusiaakan bertingkah laku'
ii' $&laku manusia dika)al dan ditentukan oleh peristi)a
ang berlaku dalam persekitaranna
iii' Personaliti manusia terhasil drp kesan tingkah lakuditunjukkan' $&laku g mendapat peneguhan akandiulangi lagi dan sebalikna
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Samb..
i!' Setiap gerak balas& respon oleh manusia dipelajaridrp masarakat sekelilingna g membolehkan kitabertindak balas dlm situasi persekitaran g samaatau hampir sama'
!' $&laku manusia sama ada baik atau tidak adalahdipelajari " manusia boleh menghapuskan ataumembetulkan semua tingkah laku ang tidak sesuai
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$eori
Beha!iorisme
Pela#iman *lasik
" I'V' Pa!lo!
" +'B' ,atson
Pela#iman Operan
" E'-$horndike
" B'.' Skinner
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4
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PELAZIMAN KLAIK!"erasi dan res"on digabungkan
untuk hasilkan t#laku
e$% : lo&eng ' makanan ( air liur
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Pela)iman
!"eran *Thorndike+
Hukum*esediaan
Stimulus mantap maka
indi!idu berpuas hatidgn t&laku
Hukum -atihanSemakin sering t&laku
dilatih semakin tinggirespon
Hukum *esan
Respon bergantungkepada akibat
/menenangkan &melemahkan0
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4
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Pela)iman !"eran *kinner+
Peneguhan
Positi%
Peneguhan1egati%
HukumanPositi%
Hukuman1egati%
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Andaian tentang t#laku tidak berkesan
i' $&laku tidak berkesan adalah t&laku 2kebiasaan negati% atau t&laku ang tdk tepat3atau tdk sesuai dgn tuntutan persekitaran'
ii' $&laku ang salah pada hakikatna terbentukdari (ara belajar atau persekitaran angsalah'
iii' Manusia ang bermasalah mempunaike(enderungan memberi respon ataubert&laku negati% dlm persekitaranna' $&lakutdk e%ekti% juga terjadi krn manusia salah%aham menanggapi persekitaran dgn tepat
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i!' Seluruh tingkah laku manusia diperolehidengan (ara belajar4 oleh itu t&laku tdke%ekti% blh diubah dgn menggunakanprinsip5 belajar'
** Mengikut penekatan pembe!a"aran, tingkah!aku #ang e$ekti$ (aapti$) an tiak e$ekti$(ma!aaptive) ipe!a"ari an bo!eh ikurangkan,ihapuskan, an iganti engan tingkah !aku
#ang iingini **
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esi Perkongsian
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trategi Menangani Tingkah Laku Tidak
E,ekti, Sistematik desensitisasiModi%ikasi t&laku%!ooing-atihan relaksasi-atihan a!ersi%