AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

2006-2007AP Biology

Nucleic AcidsInformation

storageEnergy Transfer

AP Biologyproteinsproteins

DNADNA

Nucleic Acids Function:

genetic material stores information

genesblueprint for building proteins

DNA RNA proteins

transfers informationblueprint for new cellsblueprint for next generation

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Nucleic Acids Examples:

RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix

Structure: monomers = nucleotides

RNADNA

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Nucleotides 3 parts

nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C)

ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA

phosphate (PO4) group

Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?

Nitrogen baseI’m the

A,T,C,G or Upart!

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Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides

different nitrogen bases purines

double ring N base adenine (A) guanine (G)

pyrimidines single ring N base cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)

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Nucleic polymer Backbone

sugar to PO4 bond phosphodiester bond

new base added to sugar of previous base

polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the

sugar-phosphate backbone

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Pairing of nucleotides Nucleotides bond between

DNA strands H bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T

2 H bonds G :: C

3 H bonds

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DNA molecule Double helix

H bonds between bases join the 2 strands A :: T C :: G

H bonds?Why is this important?

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Copying DNA Replication

2 strands of DNA helix are complementary have one, can build other have one, can rebuild the

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When does a cell copy DNA? When in the life of a cell does DNA have

to be copied? cell reproduction

mitosis gamete production

meiosis

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DNA replication“It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.”

James WatsonFrancis Crick

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Watson and Crick … and others…1953 | 1962

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Maurice Wilkins… and…1953 | 1962

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Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

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Interesting note… Ratio of A-T::G-C

affects stability of DNA molecule 2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds biotech procedures

more G-C = need higher T° to separate strands

high T° organisms many G-C

parasites many A-T (don’t know why)

AP Biology

Another interesting note… ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

modified nucleotide adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi

AP Biology

HELIXHELIXHELIXHELIX

AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

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