AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

17
2006-2007 AP Biology Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer

Transcript of AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

Page 1: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

2006-2007AP Biology

Nucleic AcidsInformation

storageEnergy Transfer

Page 2: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biologyproteinsproteins

DNADNA

Nucleic Acids Function:

genetic material stores information

genesblueprint for building proteins

DNA RNA proteins

transfers informationblueprint for new cellsblueprint for next generation

Page 3: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology

Nucleic Acids Examples:

RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix

Structure: monomers = nucleotides

RNADNA

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AP Biology

Nucleotides 3 parts

nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C)

ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA

phosphate (PO4) group

Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?

Nitrogen baseI’m the

A,T,C,G or Upart!

Page 5: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology

Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides

different nitrogen bases purines

double ring N base adenine (A) guanine (G)

pyrimidines single ring N base cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)

Page 6: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology

Nucleic polymer Backbone

sugar to PO4 bond phosphodiester bond

new base added to sugar of previous base

polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the

sugar-phosphate backbone

Page 7: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology

Pairing of nucleotides Nucleotides bond between

DNA strands H bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T

2 H bonds G :: C

3 H bonds

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AP Biology

DNA molecule Double helix

H bonds between bases join the 2 strands A :: T C :: G

H bonds?Why is this important?

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AP Biology

Copying DNA Replication

2 strands of DNA helix are complementary have one, can build other have one, can rebuild the

whole

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AP Biology

When does a cell copy DNA? When in the life of a cell does DNA have

to be copied? cell reproduction

mitosis gamete production

meiosis

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AP Biology

DNA replication“It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.”

James WatsonFrancis Crick

1953

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AP Biology

Watson and Crick … and others…1953 | 1962

Page 13: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology

Maurice Wilkins… and…1953 | 1962

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AP Biology

Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

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AP Biology

Interesting note… Ratio of A-T::G-C

affects stability of DNA molecule 2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds biotech procedures

more G-C = need higher T° to separate strands

high T° organisms many G-C

parasites many A-T (don’t know why)

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AP Biology

Another interesting note… ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

++

modified nucleotide adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi

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AP Biology

HELIXHELIXHELIXHELIX


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