ALEXANDER THE GREATALEXANDER THE GREATHELLENISTIC AGEHELLENISTIC AGE

PHILIP OF MACEDONIA

• King Philip II–Became King at age 23

(359 BC)–Brilliant General and

ruthless Politician–wanted to conquer

Greece and Persia–Organized army in

phalanx• 16x16

BATTLE OF CHAERONEA 338BCBATTLE OF CHAERONEA 338BC• Greece in state of individualism

– Every Greek for himself• Demosthenes

– Tried to warn Greece of King Philip• Athens and Thebes formed together• Philip’s 18 year old son, Alexander, led

army to victory, conquering Greece

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Battle_chaeronea.gif

PHILIP’S DEATH• Parade in honor of the marriage of

Alexander and Cleopatra• Philip’s statue largest of all and

entered stadium last• Philip wanted to enter without

bodyguards• Stabbed close friend, maybe lover• Several theories behind assassination

– Lover, plot of enemies, plot of wife/son

REMAINS OF PHILIP II

KING ALEXANDERKING ALEXANDER• King at age 20• Apprentice of Aristotle

–Horse Bucephalus• Believed he was a relative of Achilles• Thebes started a rebellion

–Alexander destroyed city–Killed 6,000–Sold rest to slavery

INVASION OF PERSIAINVASION OF PERSIA• 35,000 soldiers• Darius III

–King of Persians–40,000 soldiers

• Battle of Grancius River–Alexander rushed the Persian forces–Darius fled, his army followed–Victory of Anatolia

OFFER OF PEACE

• Darius III offered Alexander 1/3 of his empire for peace

• Alexander’s advisors told him to accept

• Because of how he won, he wanted all of Persia and the known world

EGYPTEGYPT• Welcomed as liberator of Egypt• 331 BC

–Oasis of Siwah–Oracle of Amon

•Egyptian King of the Gods•He was the true son of Zeus

ALEXANDER’S EMPIREALEXANDER’S EMPIRE• Alex moved east into Mesopotamia• Darius III assembled an army of

250,000• Battle of Gaugamela

–Alexander charged through Persian lines

–Darius III fled AGAIN, army followed

• Victory ended Persian power

• Alexander moves through Persian cities, through India Valley and into Asia–Never lost a battle

• Army travels 11,000 miles in 11 years–Army wants to turn around

• Babylon–Alexander contracts Malaria from a

mosquito• 323 BC

–Alexander dies

ALEXANDER’S LEGACYALEXANDER’S LEGACY

• “My empire will go to the strongest General.”

• Antigonus – King of Macedonia• Ptolemy – Egypt, became Pharaoh• Selecus – Old Persian Empire• Brought Greek culture to all of East• 14 Alexandria cities

Overview of King AlexOverview of King Alex

Full MovieFull Movie

HELLANISTIC AGEHELLANISTIC AGE• Alexandria, Egypt

–Center of commerce and trade–Diverse population of 500,000

• Lighthouse of Alexandria–400 ft tall –Burned in fire

• Museum and Library–Dedicated to Arts and Sciences

LIGHT HOUSE AT ALEXANDRIALIGHT HOUSE AT ALEXANDRIA

ASTRONOMYASTRONOMY• Small observatory• Aristarchus of Samos

–Sun was 300 times larger than earth (actually larger)

–Earth and planets revolve around the sun• Theory was not supported• Ptolemy said earth was center (14 centuries)

MATHMATICS AND PHYSICSMATHMATICS AND PHYSICS

• EuclidOpened school of geometry

–Book called Elements• Archimedes

–Accurately calculated Pi (π)

EUCLID ARCHIMEDESEUCLID ARCHIMEDES

COLOSSUS OF RHODESCOLOSSUS OF RHODES

Q&AQ&A

1. Who was Philip II?2. Who led the army that conquered

Greece?3. Who killed King Philip II?4. Who led the Persians?5. What happened to Alexander in

Egypt?6. Describe the Hellenistic Age.