A TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION DEVICE

A proposal and plan of action for ELEG 490 Design I

Submitted by:

Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.

Fatima Al-Zaabi, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.

Rehab Bani-Hashim, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.

Sameya Al-Ghafri Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.

Project Supervisors : Dr. Mahmoud Meribout Dr. Khaled Al-Wahedi

December 13th ,2010 1

Problem Statement

Design specifications

Project Goals and Objective

The Project Team

Solution Approach

Background

Economics

Testing and Validation plan

Project Schedule

Facilities and Equipment needed

PROPOSAL OUTLINE

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Budget

Reporting, Documentation and

Maintenance and Upgrade Plans

Deliverables

Societal and Environmental

Impacts

Professional Engineering Ethics

Sustainability

Manufacturability

Health and Safety

PROPOSAL OUTLINE

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Client requested to design a tomography device which performs real-time two dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing through a pipe.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT.) It includes some realistic constraints in the design

1. Achieve two dimensional reconstruction of the fluid passing through the device with a minimal error accuracy of 10%

2. The device should provide a standard computer interface to a General Purpose IBM-compatible computer (e.g. RS232, PCI, or parallel interfaces)

3. The delay time required for data acquisition and image reconstruction should not exceed 20 seconds

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PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT.)

4. Provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display the reconstructed image onto a screen

5. The algorithm for image reconstruction and data acquisition can be embedded into any general purpose computer having 2 GB hard disk and 256 Mbytes of memory (RAM)

6. The device should be powered with a standard power voltage

level (e.g. 24VDC and/or 220VAC)

7. The design should be operational before May 5th, 2011.

It includes some realistic constraints in the design

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DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS1. A two dimensional reconstruction image of the fluid passing

through a pipe can be constructed by manipulating the received data from the electrodes

2. Only one of the electrodes can be excited at a time which creates an induced voltage for the rest of electrodes

3. An analog multiplexer will be placed between the hardware and software in order to receive the induced voltage and send the output signal to the software

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DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.)4. IEEE-488 control will be used as standard interface for sending

data to the computer

5. Serial interface RS232 will link the feedback provided from the computer side to the analog multiplexer

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PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The main purpose is to build a strong theoretical and

algorithmic background on Tomography

It aims to design a tomography system that consists of capacitance arrays, front end analog electronics and digital hardware architecture of the algorithm

For efficient oil development, it is necessary to accurately measure the products result from the oil wells.

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THE PROJECT TEAM

The work was distributed among the group member according to their experience, interest and their skills

Team Member Part Role Qualifications

Fatima Al Zaabi Software Proof reading Investigating Finite Element

Method Checking deadlines

Getting A grades in Calculus Expert in checking the spelling and the

grammar Design an Arabic-English translator using

Microcontroller

Rehab Bani Hashim Hardware Planning and Time Management Designing the Prototype Consulting advisor

 

Vice President of the Student Council Participation in designing a Weather

Station project Participation in conferences and writing a

conference papers

Sameya Hamdan Hardware 

Arranging meeting Designing the Prototype Gathering information from

books Typing documents

Expert in critical reading and computer works

Participation in designing a car cooling system using solar energy

Thuraya Al Hanaei Software Distributing work Writing MATLAB codes Consulting lab instructor

 

Vice president women in Engineering IEEE student chapter

Participation in programming the microcontroller

Expert in writing MATLAB code and VHDL program

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SOLUTION APPROACH In order to produce efficient work:

o A schedule was designed that illustrates the tasks, assigned team member, deliverables and deadlines respectively

A meeting will be held during the project at least once a week among team members

A meeting will be conducted with the instructor once a week to ensure that the team is on the right track and solve any problem that might appear

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SOLUTION APPROACH In order to provide easy communication between the team members and the client, Data Retrieved System (DRS) is required.

o This system helps to keep in touch with the advisor and all the team members.

A website will be prepared with all project documents for easy access by the team members and the client

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DESIGN’S BACKGROUND

Tools of solving:o Forward methods (example: ECT)o Inverse methods

Previous solutions for monitoring pipelines:o Optical sensors to distinguish gas flowo Ultrasonic sensors to distinguish water and oil

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ECONOMICS

Our project does not cost a lot because it needs:

o Few instruments o Software codes (will be built by the team)

Improving the project in a future stage can help the device to work as an early detector of fluid leakage save the company’s money

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TESTING AND VALIDATION PLAN

Hardware Testing

Software Testing

Software & Hardware Interface Testing

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TESTING AND VALIDATION PLAN Hardware Testingo Initial testing to match the practical results with the

theoretical concepts

o Make sure that the instrument is not affected by any external interference and if it does, an screen layer has to be provided

o Checking the instrument ability to withstand high temperature and pressure

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TESTING AND VALIDATION PLANSoftware Testingo Software interconnection with the hardware

o Two software programs interface which are MATLAB LabView programs

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PROJECT SCHEDULE Different matrix and chart that set the details of the deliverable of this project and their deadline have been produced

The Percent Complete Matrix designed to represent the responsibility of each team member and help in keep track of the project accomplishments

The Gant Chart

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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT For experimental purposes, we are using impedance analyzer to measure the capacitance effect into two parallel plates

In the hardware part:

o Pipe o Number of electrodeso Electrode multiplexer or analog multiplexer

In the software part:

o Labview programo Matlab program

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BUDGETThe cost of the project will consist of two budgets

The research budget which will almost cost of 100 $ will be funded by Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum Institute

The products/equipment ordered from some vendors companies

*This equipment will provided by Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum Institute 20

REPORTING, MAINTENANCE AND UPGRADE PLANS Submitting a weekly work-in-progress report (mints) to update the client once the project has startedo Date of the conducted meetingo Topics and the issues discussed during the meetingo Tasks distributed with deadlineso Brief description of each tasko Next topic to be prepared and meeting dateo Comments and important notes

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REPORTING, MAINTENANCE AND UPGRADE PLANS Having maintenance and upgrade plans report

o Details about changes made in case of any replacements in certain parts with reasons of replacements, and how effective these changes are

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DELIVERABLES Full description of how each product will be produced and handed for the client

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SOCIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The design will help the oil industry to recover a huge amount of oil savings

Since we are using AC power to turn on our device, we can use one of the renewable energy sources to minimize the effect on the environment by using DC to AC convertor

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PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ETHICS Engineering ethics is one of the most important issues in any engineering project

Ethics’ codes were produced as a reference during the project

The only main highlighted ethical issue that is involved in this project is the “copy-right” issue since this project will include different software programs from different companies

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SUSTAINABILITY

All the documents, that include the technical descriptions of the hardware and the software as well as the prototype results, will be saved in a CD as a softcopy backup for both the client and the group

Two softcopies can be uploaded in both a special EE program webpage and internet blog

Another way of documenting is by installing the prototype in one of the workshop with a hardcopy manual

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MANUFACTURABILITY

The final report will include all the product specifications, conditions and the operation method

The operator health and safety which is considered as a very important document in manufacturability

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HEALTH AND SAFETY

Each member should fully understand the lab safety rules document written by EE department

The presence of the project supervisor is required when implementing the design at the first time

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MANAGEMENT Formal and informal meetings with the Project

Supervisor

Formal report Dr. Abdurrahim El-Keib, Professor and Program Director.Dr. Mahmoud Meribout and Dr. Khaled Al-Wahedi , Project SupervisorMr. Wael El Sokary, Communication Instructor

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CONCLUSIONSTeam members: Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Fatima Al-Zaabi, Rehab Bani-Hashim, Sameya Al-Ghafri

Task: design a tomography device which performs real-time two dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing through a pipe

Time Frame: October 1, 2010 -May 5th , 2011

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REFERENCES [1] P. TSOURLOS, J. E. SZYMANSKI and G. N. TSOKAS, “A generalized iterative back-projection algorithm for 2-D reconstruction of resistivity data: application to data-sets from archaeological sites”, Journal of Balkan Geophysical Society, Vol.8, No.2, May, 2005.

[2] J. Mirkowski, W. Smolik, M. Yang, T. Olsezewski, R. Szabatin, D. Radomski and W. Yang, “A New Forward Problem Solver Based on a Capacitor Mesh Model for Electrical Capacitance Tomography”, IEEE, 2008.

[3] J.C. Gamio, C. Ortiz-Aleman and R.Martin, “Electrical capacitance tomograpghy two-phase oil-gas pipe flow imaging by the linear back-projection algorithm”, Geofisica International (2005), vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 265-273.

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