1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Customers with large generators being paid Rs. 21.15 per unit for generating their own power. Two days before news

NANOSOLAR POWERSHEETTHE NEW DAWN OF SOLAR

Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) verified by NREL to be as efficient as 14.6% in 2006,

http://www.popsci.com/popsci/flat/bown/2007/index.html

Solar cell Price and production 2008=3700 MW

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Incoming solar energyON AVERAGE AROUND THE WORLD, SUNLIGHT DELIVERS A BARREL OF OIL OF ENERGY ON EVERY SQUARE METER OF LAND EVERY YEAR

Sri Lanka gets at 6 (kWh/m2/day)7000kWh/year Colombo

Efficiency

(Lumens/Watt)

Rated Life

(Hours)

Cost per 50,000

hours

Kerosene .03 Supply of

Kerosene $1251

Incandescent Bulb 5-18 1000 $175

Light Emitting Diode

(LED) 25-50 50,000 $20

Buy power during the night

CEB TARIFFDomestic effective from Nov 2008

Fuel Adjustment Charge 30% on all unit charges except DP & RP consumers consuming less than 90 units per month

Residential tiered tariff

30.00X1.3=Rs39

25.00X1.3=Rs32.50

16.00X1.3=Rs20.80

Rs7.50Rs4.70Rs3.00

Rs 39Rs 39Rs 39Rs 39Rs 39

Rs39/kWh

Technology

transfer to

rural Sri

Lanka

Annual Savings Before and After

3

1 2 3 4 5

..

.

10000

.8000

6000

4000

200020

. 0

Accumulated Net Savings

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

.

8000

6000

4000

200020

. 0

How Storage will Help Smoothing of Out Put

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101

Conversion factor(multiply top row by factor to obtain side column)

W/m² kW·h/(m²·day) sun hours/day kWh/m²•y kWh/kWp•yW/m² 1 41.66666 41.66666 0.1140796 0.1521061 kW·h/(m²·day 0.024 1 1 0.0027379 0.0036505 sun hours/day 0.024 1 1 0.0027379 0.0036505 kWh/m²•y 8.765813 365.2422 365.2422 1 1.333333

kWh/kWp•y 6.574360 273.9316 273.9316 0.75 1

Solar Radiation in W/m sq

Efficiency of Solar cells

1 2 3 4 5 6 71314

2009

1 2 3 4 5

Cost of Generation by Solar CEB DOM tariff for>600kWh/m

SUN POWER PRODUCTION vs LOAD PROFILE

A Typical CEB Load curve

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The annual results for Sri Lanka, which range from 4.5 to 6.0 kWh/m2/day, are consistent with, and slightly higher than earlier studies using sunshine recorders, which gave results of 4.2 to 5.6 kWh/m2/day.

The slightly higher results are due most likely to the fact that, for Sri Lanka, we chose tocalculate the resource for a flat plate collector tilted to latitude, rather than the more

traditional method of calculating the resource on a horizontal surface that the earlier studiesused. With two axis tracking one axis done manually for seasons we can get 7.32 kWh/m2/day.

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/34645.pdf http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codes_algs/PVWATTS/version1/#map

With a 4kW system we can get this amount of Energy• Radiation Energy Energy• (kWh/m2/day) (kWh) Axis tracking per Watt/day• Colombo Ratmalana• 6.58 7411 2 1.85 22.5% Extra• 6.35 7172 1 1.79• 5.38 6028 0 1.51• Colombo/Katunayake• 6.71 7632 2 23.56% Extra• 6.47 7377 1• 5.46 6177 0• Hambantota• 7.32 8494 2 2.12 29% Extra• 7.00 8140 1• 5.71 6583 0• Trincomalee (AFB)• 7.11 8033 2 26.1% Extra• 6.83 7731 1• 5.64 6343 0

Solar Power Costs for Sri LankaPower needed 1577 kWh/yr OR 131 kWh/Month AC output needed 0.75 kW

Module area 1.33 sq.ft Area needed 11 sq.ft No of Modules 8 Power per module 100 watts DC power 789 watts Inverter efficiency 95 % AC power 750 watts

Module cost rate $2.00 watt Module Cost $1,500 Rs/house 178,406(assuming today’s exchange rate) Inverter cost rate $0.50 watts Inverter cost $395 Installation cost rate $0.50 per watt Installation cost $395 Capacity factor 24 % Sri Lanka 2102.4

kWh/Year/kW Output per year 1577 kWh Degradation rate -0.30 %/Output after year: 25 Total power delivered – kWh 37,991

Cost per kWh amortized with out batteries = $0.11(With net metering no Batteries are required). Simple Payback period < 4 Years

Cost per kWh amortized with batteries = $0.25Money saving for consumers >331kWh/M = Rs1,252,693/Y (At today’s tariff of Rs32.50 for>180

units Net metering but surely the CEB tariff will increase ) Typical CO2 emission from oil 583 kg/MWh

Emissions saved (kg) 22,148 Typical fuel consumption per MWh 125 gal. Fuel saved (gal)

4,749. Cost of fuel saved for the country Rs 1,258,336. Assuming all marginal units are from Diesel

Fuel Saving in Import Rs719,049/house (At today's import price but which will soon go up )

NANO ORGANIC PV CELL(HIGH EFFICIENCY)

Flexible Plastic PV Cell

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Ultra Triple Junction Solar Cells

Solar Concentrators

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The SolarWall® PV/thermal solar system

is housed on the roof of a service

centre and health clinic for theOlympic athletes in Beijing

PV module efficiency is typically between 8-20%.What happens to the rest of the sun’s energy thatshines on the panels? Most of it is converted intoheat energy, which normally is lost and providesno value to the system owner. As well, the heat build-up behind PV modules reduces the electricaloutput by 0.4-0.5% for every 1°C above its ratedoutput temperature (which is 25°C). Given thatroofs can reach temperatures as high as 90°C,the actual operating efficiency of PV systems isoften significantly less than the rated output.

Benefits of Solar Cell Energy a Zero Emission Technology

• More manual labor jobs will be created

• The value of the property will go up• By distributed generation day peak will come down. Transmission and Distribution losses will be reduced.

• Reduction of costly oil imports to the country

• Reduction of costly Gas turbine generation and costly Private power.

• Reduction of Global warming

• Reduction of polluting CO2 and other CHS Gasses

• Reduction of wasteful use of water in thermal Power stations

• With net metering the large homes will benefit more on reducing there costly electricity bills.• Combined with energy efficiency and energy saving and use of LED lamps the night peak can also be reduced to

benefit the utility.

• Should be able to get Renewable Energy Certificates and Carbon trading

• Low interest soft loans will become available from the local banks like for Rural solar home systems

• A mental satisfaction that we have not contributed to Pollution and Global warming.• It is expected that bilateral and multilateral finance and market stimulation programs based on best service at least

cost will be soon available

Distributed Generation: the Next Step in Smart Power Distribution

Solar Power is commercially viable.

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20% efficiency = 200W/m2 or 20W/ft2.LED lamp LIFESPAN of up to 50,000 hours! Up to 90% more efficient than traditional lighting

Solar Powered LED Lantern

Solar street lamps in China

D Light India

Solar power has several advantages

• Economical Benefits:• The energy from the sun is practically free, after the initial investment has been recovered• Solar energy reduces our dependence on foreign or centralized conventional source of energy• Solar energy supports local jobs and creates wealth, which elevates local economies

• Environmentally Friendly:• Solar energy is clean, quiet, renewable and sustainable unlike other conventional energy sources such as gas,

oil, and coal• Solar energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain, or smog, on the contrary, it helps to lower

harmful green house gas emissions•

• Independent/Semi-Independent:• Solar energy reduces our dependence on foreign or centralized sources of energy• Solar energy can reduce your electric bill, and also supply your property with electricity in the event of a power

outage• Solar energy systems can operate entirely independent from a power or gas grid; therefore systems can be

installed in remote location•

• Low or no Maintenance:• Solar energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last at least 25 years• System sizes can be increased in the future as your electricity needs grow• Systems operate silently, and have no moving parts

Toyota 2010 Solar Roof PriusThese panels will power the air conditioning system, allowing its operation without turning on the car's main engine.

Toyota has announced that the next redesign of their highly successful hybrid Prius

automobile will include solar panels on its

roof

A photo of the new world record solar cell.

(© Fraunhofer ISE)

The sunlight was concentrated 454-times onto a 5 mm² multi-junction solar cell composed of GaInP/GaInAs/ Ge (gallium indium phosphide, gallium indium arsenide on a germanium substrate) a record 41.1 percent efficiency.

A new phone of Samsung "Blue Earth" powered by

solar energy is seen at the

Mobile World Congress in Barcelona,

Spain, Monday, Feb.

16, 2009.

Priced at $40

Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) in Freiburg have reached a record 41.1 percent efficiency

http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25105900-2862,00.html

First Solar first to US$1 per watt manufacturing cost

http://www.pv-tech.org/news/_a/first_solar_first_to_us1_per_watt_manufacturing_cost/

ou

Bicycle Powered Generatorhttp://www.mattshaver.com/bikegen/index.htm Ind Rs.4000