Post on 21-Jan-2018
SNV - Building on Water Point Mapping for Improved Water Services Governance
Kisumu County
Presented by: Binagwaho Gakunju
SNV Sector Focus
WASH Agriculture
Renewable Energy
Programmes in the WASH Sector
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Sanitation Results Programme
Non-revenue water
Rural WASH (Water mapping, Functionality)
Context: The Sustainability Question for Rural Water
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• Post Construction
support- a big challenge.
• Non-functionality 30-40%
• Rural data gap
• Management
‘to think that communities can be empowered to manage fairly complex water systems no longer seems realistic. Just as it is utopian to think that the government can manage and maintain all the rural systems…’
Functionality of Rural Water Supplies Approach
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Partnership with KEWASNET
Water Point Mapping
• Water Point Mapping (WPM) has been defined as an exercise
whereby the geographical positions of all Water Points (WPs)
are gathered in addition to management, technical and
demographical information. This information is collected using
GPS and a questionnaire at each water point locationt. The data
is entered into a geographical information system and then
correlated with available demographic, administrative, and
physical data. The information is displayed using digital maps
(Water Aid, 2005).
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Mandated Institutions - Why Water Point Mapping & After WPM
1. Evidence Based Policy and
Investment planning
2. For effective targeting
interventions (market)
3. Improved Equity and inclusion
4. Support coordination of WASH
platforms
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Currently making the case for
WPM in partner programme
counties;
• End Goal 1 – Institutionalising
water point functionality
monitoring for mandated
institutions
• End Goal 2 – Develop sustainable
consumer feedback mechanisms
as part of the service delivery
approach
SNV Lessons – Challenges of WPM Process• Training and mobilisation of state and non-state actors took more time than expected
• Availability of community members to respond to some questions in the field
(Institutional memory of water projects)
• Terrain - Difficulties in accessing some areas
• Weather conditions - Heavy rains and flooding in some areas caused delay, some days
were not covered within the short time frame
• Community engagement - Lack of willingness to participate and community members
being unaware of the exercise or expecting some financial gains before volunteering
some information
• Security- A number of the areas are still riddled with high insecurity and cannot be
accessed
• Development of sustainable updating mechanism for the data uptake
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Some WPM Indicators
• Funded by (Whom/Year)
• Improved or Unimproved
• Length of time non-functional
• Reason for non-functionality
• Ownership
• Registered Service Provider ( through what means)
• Management Committee (In Place? By laws? Election process?)
• Number of women in management committee
• Estimated No of people served
• Quality standards assessment (Bacteriological, distance,
sufficient quantities etc.)
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Results of WP Mapping
3 June 2015Northern Water Services Board
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• The WPM process in Isiolo County began on 22nd May, 2013 andwas carried out for a period of 30 days by 2 teams.
• A total of 267 water sources (229 WPs and 38 piped schemes)mainly within Central and Oldonyiro Divisions
• 75% of all mapped water sources are improved while 25% areunimproved
• The rest of this presentation only concerns the mapped points
Functionality Status• Of the mapped points from improved sources, 61%
are functional while the rest, about 39% are non-
functional.
3 June 2015Northern Water Services Board
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Maintenance of WPs
• From the mapped points, the largest proportion at
31% of WP are not maintained at all and were at
extreme risk of becoming non-functional.
• In 8% of the cases it was not clear if routine
maintenance takes place.
3 June 2015Northern Water Services Board
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Management of WPs
• CBOs play a significant role in the management of WPs
accounting for 41% of all improved WPs. Private individual
manage 25% while 27% of WPs had no management system
in place according to respondents
• Raises questions on the responsibility and accountability for
service delivery
3 June 2015Northern Water Services Board
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Payment for water use
• Majority (58%) of WPs mapped supply water without
requiring any payment for the services.
3 June 2015Northern Water Services Board
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WPM Findings - Systemic Issues of Non-Functionality
• Lack of Clear ownership structure
• Availability of easy money to run Water Operations (“Market distortion”)
• A lack of credible Governance & Management Practices
• Leaders place Personal Interests above communal interests
• Low Willingness to Pay for service and Contribute to Project development
• Poor attitude towards routine Maintenance
• Unregulated Service provision
• Expertise not available at Community for Operations and Maintenance
WAY FORWARD
• Despite the challenges, the data from the exercise holds
valuable information for stakeholders on systemic issues and
best practices in management and operations of RWSS
• SNV is engaging stakeholders to leverage national and
development partner resources to update and upscale Water
Point Mapping (institutionalization, consumer feedback etc.)
• Policy and advocacy – The value of combining evidence and
collaboration to address issues of accountability (County WASH
Platform tool)
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