Post on 27-Dec-2015
1
Web Server Administration
Chapter 1The Basics of Server and Web
Server Administration
2
Overview Review the Internet and the World
Wide Web Learn about server administration Learn about Web server
administration Explore the common tasks and
services performed by administrators Examine networking building blocks Compare Web server platforms
3
Review the Internet and the World Wide Web The Internet is a worldwide network of
networks Shares WAN used by the international
telecommunications network Uses TCP/IP
Where the Internet uses the HTTP protocol, it is called the Web Web servers use HTTP to communicate
The Internet is not centrally controlled
4
Review the Internet and the World Wide Web Internet had its origins in the 1960s In 1995 a high-speed backbone was
created Included 4 network access points
(NAPs) More have been created since then
Now much Internet traffic is handled without going through NAPs Peering agreements allow this
5
Understanding Server Administration
Server administrators Focus on the LAN Provide access to software and
services Make sure environment is reliable and
consistent Minimize harm that users can do to
network
6
Working with Users
A LAN can serve hundreds or even thousands of users
Users need to be productive Users like consistency
Roaming profiles allow users to have the same personalized desktop environment on multiple computers
7
Establishing Access Control Users need just enough access to do
their jobs, but not more Typically, users are organized into
groups, and groups are given access to network resources
Users can be given different access to the same resources A document can be read by everyone but
modified by only specific people
8
Understanding the Server Environment All but the smallest network
includes more than one server With Windows computers, servers
and users’ computers can be organized into domains in order to centralize control
In Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003, domains can be grouped into forests
9
Understanding Web server Administration Web server administrators focus on
the Internet Need to work with ISPs and Web page
developers Typically, a Web server provides
information to anyone who requests it over the Internet
Web servers can contain other applications such as FTP and e-mail
10
Understanding Web server Administration Depending on the size of the
organization, some tasks may be delegated Web page development Database design Programming E-mail administration Security
11
Selecting Programs and Databases Web server administrators need to
install programming languages Web developers use a variety of
languages Active Server Pages (ASP)
Original language from Microsoft ASP.Net
A newer environment that includes many languages
Java Server Pages (JSP)
12
Selecting Programs and Databases
Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers Perl – one of the first and still popular PHP – easy to use Java Server Pages (JSP) Macromedia ColdFusion
13
Selecting Programs and Databases A database management system (DBMS)
is used to store data used with Web pages Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL
are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites Standard Query Language (SQL) is the
language used to communicate with the DBMS
14
Managing E-mail Servers
Open by design to accept e-mail from anyone
Spam can be a problem to manage Specific utilities can be used to help
minimize spam Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail
Use virus detection software and keep it updated
15
Other Applications Firewall
Helps protect your Web server environment from attack
FTP A service that allows users to download files
from and upload files to a server DNS
Translates host names such as www.technowidgets.com to an IP address
16
Administrators' Common Tasks and Services
Installing and configuring systems Maintaining security Monitoring the system Maintenance and backup
17
Network Building Blocks-The OSI Model
Layer Name Description
7 Application Responsible for low-level application access to the network.
6 Presentation Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the Application layer.
5 Session Can open, maintain, and shut down communication.
4 Transport Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another. (TCP and UDP)
3 Network Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP and ICMP)
2 Data Link Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down through the upper layers and the physical layer.
1 Physical Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.
18
TCP/IP Model
LayerName
CommonComponents
OSI Reference
Application HTTP, SMTP, POP3FTP, DNS
ApplicationPresentationSession
Transport TCP, UDP Transport
Network IP, ICMP Network
Physical Ethernet, FDDI Data LinkPhysical
19
TCP/IP Protocols
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Web servers implement this protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes
Web servers) to send e-mail Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Used to retrieve e-mail
20
TCP/IP Protocols File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Transfers files to and from server Domain Name Service (DNS)
Translates host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Creates a reliable connection between
two computers
21
TCP/IP Protocols User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Does not establish a connection, just sends messages
Internet Protocol (IP) Provides addressing scheme
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Provides error messages
22
Connecting Your LAN to the Internet
Your ISP connects to the Internet A WAN connection is used between
your building and the ISP A T-Carrier connection is often
used A digital connection for voice and
data
23
Common T-Carrier Connections
24
Connecting to the Internet
25
Other ways to Connect to the Internet Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Dial-up access Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Often differing speeds for uploads and
downloads Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for
downloads and 1.544 Mbps for uploads Cable Modem
Shared access cable provided by cable TV company
26
Web Hosting Solutions Standard hosting
Your site resides on the same computer with many other sites
Cheapest solution Dedicated server
You have a server that only you use Co-location
Your own server is physically located at the company that does your Web hosting
27
Web Server Platforms-Microsoft Windows NT (IIS 4)
IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later
Windows 2000 (IIS 5) IIS part of the OS from the beginning .NET Framework add-on allows use of
ASP.NET Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6)
.NET Framework integrated into OS
28
Other Microsoft Server Products
Application Center Allows you to manage a cluster of
servers as if it is one server Biztalk Server
Connects to your business partners using XML
Commerce Server Builds e-commerce sites in a short
amount of time
29
Other Microsoft Server Products
Internet Security and Acceleration Server Combines a firewall product with a Web
cache Operations Manager
Helps decrease support costs for a server environment
SharePoint Portal Server Set up a site that is highly personalized
30
UNIX/Linux UNIX was introduced in 1969 Linux is from the early 1990s
Based on MINIX Three basic components
Kernel – central portion of OS File system – provides input and
output mechanisms Shell – provides user interface
31
Linux
Source code is freely available Developers can make changes
Available from a number of organizations Red Hat Mandrake SuSe
32
Summary Server administration focuses on
LANs Web server administration focuses
on the Internet Both types of administrators install,
configure, and maintain servers Many pieces make up the network There are many Web server
platforms from which to choose