2440: 141 Web Site Administration Server Installation Instructor: Enoch E. Damson.

The University of AkronSummit College

Business Technology Dept.2440: 141

Web Site Administration

Server InstallationInstructor: Enoch E. Damson

Prepare the Server for InstallationProduction systems use a single-boot system

Only one operating system is on a computerEducational or training systems usually use multi-

boot systemsMore than one operating system on a computer

Service packs (Microsoft) or errata (Linux) are useful for operating system improvements and maintenanceLinux errata are usually divided into: security alerts, bug

fixes and enhancements

Server Installation 2

Prepare the Server for Installation…Most operating systems are designed to control the master

boot record (MBR)MBR – a sector on the hard disk that contains a boot loader program

intended to start the boot process Linux uses either the GRUB or LILO boot loaders LILO (LInux LOader) –

Has no interactive command interface Does not support booting from a network Wrong configuration could leave the system unbootable

Because changing the LILO config file requires the LILO stage one boot loader to be rewritten to the MBR

GRUB (GRnux Unified Boat Loader) – Has interactive command interface Supports booting from a network Defaults to the GRUB command-line interface, after incorrect configuration


Prepare the Server for Installation…For multi-boot systems, you may want to install

Windows first before LinuxThe Linux boot method will allow both operating systems to

coexist on the same hard disk


Checking Hardware CompatibilityTypically there are fewer problems when using hardware

designed for a server from major manufacturersIDE drives are always compatibleMake sure the latest drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers

are availableWith video adapters and NICs, it is best to use ones from

major vendors


System DocumentationShould be detailed enough for inexperienced network

administratorSystem documentation is an ongoing process

Changes occur over the life of the serverThese changes need to be documented

Need compatibility information


System Documentation…Some hardware information include:

Server manufacturer, including model informationProcessor type and speedAmount of RAMDrive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDEHard disk – size, manufacturer, and modelNIC manufacturer and model


System Documentation…Other system information include:

Partition information – number and sizesOperating system version installedLatest software patches

Extra drivers neededURLs for latest drivers


System Documentation…Steps for installation including options chosenKeep documentation, CDs, drivers in a binderKnow support details

Who to callContract phone numberType of support contract Expiration of contract


The Installation ProcessThe Setup program will ask you about your systemYou need to know the answers to these questions before

you startMany of the questions are common to all operating

systems


The Installation Process…Partitioning the Hard Disk:

A partition is a logical division of the hard diskOn Windows systems, you may create a primary partition

and an extended partition Primary partition – where a system boots from Extended partition – where more drives are added

Gives you more logical drives in Windows

It is best to isolate the operating system from applications If the application partition fills and the operating system is on the

same partition, the OS stops


The Installation Process…Linux Partitions:

Six partitions are used for Linux by default / (root partition) swap (used for virtual memory) /boot (boot files – small) /usr (shared files and programs) /home (user files and programs) /var (Web site, FTP, log files)

Just / and swap are required


Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a Single ComputerUseful for development and training purposesBest to start with non-partitioned hard disk

Create one partition for each Windows OSAllow Linux to create default partitions

Install Windows first, then LinuxLinux installation then produces a menu to select

Windows


The Installation Process…Naming Computers:

Identify a computer on the networkWindows communicates the computer name to other

computers on the subnet so it should be uniqueName of computer is not related to how the computer is

recognized on the InternetIn Linux, the hostname can exist on more than one

computer It only uses IP addresses for communication


The Installation Process…Software Licensing:

Describes how the software can be usedFor Windows, usually each installation must be

activated by MicrosoftLinux is basically free but there may be a cost for

packaging, support, and extrasBased on the GNU general public licenseRed Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced

Server options


The Installation Process…Selecting a File System:

A file system determines how files are stored on a hard diskSome Windows file systems include:

NTFS FAT32 FAT

Some Linux file systems include: ext4 ext3 ext2 JFS


Default Operating System File SystemsRelease Year Operating System File System1981 MS-DOS/PC DOS FAT121984 Mac OS Macintosh File System (MFS)1985 Mac OS Hierarchical File System (HFS)1989 OS/2 v1.2 High Performance File System (HPFS)1990 Windows 3.0 / 3.1x FAT16B1992 Linux ext / ext2 / ext3 / ext41993 FreeBSD v1-v5.0 UFS11994 Windows NT 3.5 NTFS1995 Windows 95 FAT16 and VFAT1996 Windows NT 4.0 NTFS1998 Mac OS 8.1 / Mac OS X HFS Plus (HFS+)1998 Windows 98 FAT322000 Windows Me FAT322000 Windows 2000 NTFS2001 Windows XP NTFS but FAT32 is also common2003 FreeBSD v5.1-v9 UFS22003 Windows Server 2003 NTFS2006 Windows Vista NTFS2008 Windows Server 2008 NTFS2009 Windows 7 NTFS


Basic Linux ConceptsNo drive lettersThe root is /Devices may be mounted before usage

mount /mnt/cdromDevices may also be un-mounted before removing

them to flush the file buffer files are copied to themumount /mnt/floppy


Linux Shell PromptShell – the command-line interface

E.g. sh, bash, csh, tcsh, kshMost work is done on Linux at the shell prompt using commands such

as the following:


Linux Shell Command Windows Equivalentexitkill/killallcdlsmkdirrmrm -rmvcpfind/locateuseraddclearifconfigchmodcmp

exitkill/pskillcddirmddel/erasedeltreemovecopy/xcopy/mvfindaddusersclsipconfigicacls/xcaclscomp

Configuring TCP/IP on LinuxTo determine TCP/IP configuration in Linux, type

ifconfig at a shell prompt


Configuring TCP/IP on WindowsTo determine TCP/IP configuration in Windows, type

ipconfig at a command prompt


2440: 141 Web Site Administration Server Installation Instructor: Enoch E. Damson.

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