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  • 4 2 81-108 2008 / Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 81-108 Summer 2008

    Awi Mona

    30

    2007

  • 4 2 2008/ 82

    1516

    vs.

    Robert A. Williams, Jr. The

    American Indian in Western Legal Thought

    Discourse of Conquest 13

    Innocent IV, 1243-1254

    Williams, 1990: 44

    Williams, 1990: 45

    Williams, 1990: 45

    Robert A. Williams, Jr.

    colonial legacyWilliams, 1991: 56

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    Williams, 1991: 56

    Douzinas, 2000: 24-32

    F. A. Hayek

    1Hayek, 1960: 85

    2

    Macklem, 1993: 1357-64

    1970

    1 [t]he great aim of the struggle for liberty has been equality before of law 2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 217AIII

    1948 12 10

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    Barsh, 1994: 43-45

    Kingsbury, 2002: 410-3719 20

    Dinah Shelton

    soft law

    non-bindingShelton, 2000: 3

    Forrest, 2006: 229

    Keal, 2003: 84-112 1950

    Wiessner, 1999: 100-09 1970

    S. James Anaya

    Anaya, 2004: 52-53

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    Anaya, 2004: 49

    1992 United Nations

    Conference on Environment and Development

    Earth Summit

    Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

    Earth Charter3 27

    22

    United Nations General Assembly, 19924 1998

    3 1992 5

    Agenda 21Rio Declaration on Environment and DevelopmentUnited Nations Convention on Biological DiversityUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeStatement of Forest PrinciplesGrubb1993

    4 22 Principle 22Indigenous people and their communities and other local communities have

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    Inter-American Court of Human Rights

    5

    inherent sovereignty

    Anaya, 2004: 145; Anaya & Grossman, 2002: 11-13

    2008

    Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, DRIPs

    6

    169

    46

    12

    3Foster, 2001: 150-56

    Foster, 2007: 45-46

    a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development

    5 2001 8 31 Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni CommunityNicaragua 79 Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v. Nicaragua, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R.,Ser. CNo. 79)Inter-American Court of Human Rights2002

    6 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples61295 2007 9 13

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    7

    Alfredsson, 1993: 41-54; Daes,

    2001: 42

    Anaya, 2004: 68-69

    PositivismRealism

    Arend, 2003: 24-25

    1920

    7 http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/

    DRIPS_zh.pdf2008/6/11

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    1970

    Sanders, 1996: 20-24 S. James Anaya

    Anaya, 2004: 4

    Anaya, 1990: 837-44

    Kingsbury, 2001: 189-252

    1957 107

    107

    ILO Convention No. 107

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    8 107

    Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2001a

    107

    Wolfrum, 1999: 371-72; Hannum, 1988: 652-53

    107

    Anaya 107

    Anaya, 2004:

    55

    107

    Kingsbury, 1998: 424 107

    107 27

    8 1957 6 26 40 107 1959

    6 2

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    Berman, 1988: 48-49

    Brownlie, 1992: 64 1989

    169 1957 107

    1989 169

    1986 107

    169

    ILO Convention No. 16991986

    107 107 1956 1957

    107 Special Rapporteur

    International Labour Organization, 1988: 100-18

    9 1989 6 27 International Labour Conference, 28 I.L.M. 1382

    169 1991 9 5

  • 91

    169

    Swepston, 1990: 687-95;

    Barsh, 1990: 213-34 169

    10Anaya 1989 169

    Anaya,

    2004: 58

    169

    MacKay, 2002:

    16-17

    Wiessner, 1999: 100

    11

    12

    10 169

    Recognising the aspirations of these peoples to exercise control over their own institutions, ways of life and economic development and to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the States in which they livehttp://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C1692008/6/11

    11 169 13 1 In applying the provisions of this Part of the Convention governments shall respect

    the special importance for the cultures and spiritual values of the peoples concerned of their relationship with the lands or territories, or both as applicable, which they occupy or otherwise use, and in particular the collective aspects of this relationshiphttp://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C1692008/6/11

    12 169 16 1 Subject to the following paragraphs of this Article, the peoples concerned shall not

    be removed from the lands which they occupyhttp://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ convde.pl?C1692008/6/11

  • 4 2 2008/ 92

    169 1957 107

    the Universal Declaration of

    Human RightsInternational Covenant of

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    169

    Swepston, 1990: 690-91; Barsh, 1990: 218

    A.

    B.

    C.

    169

    1970

    Gilbert, 2003:

    205-06; Barsh, 1994: 33-451969

    Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and

    Protection of MinoritiesStudy on Racial Discrimination in the

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    Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Spheres

    13

    1970Commission on Human Rights

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    1971 5 21 1589L

    BXXIVJos

    Martinez Cobo15

    1972 Cobo 15 Study

    of the Problem of Discrimination against Indigenous Populations 1986

    Cobo, 1986

    Cobo

    1982 198234

    Working Group on Indigenous Populations

    Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

    16

    13 UN Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/301 14 Resolution 4B (XXIII) of 26 August 1970 15 Resolution B (XXIV) of 10 August 1971 16 ECOSOC resolution 1982/34, 7 May 1982

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    10

    5 5

    1

    United Nations Voluntary Fund for

    Indigenous Populations

    1. WGIP 2. 3.

    1.

    2. 3.

    1.

    2.

    1. 2.

    1. The Indigenous Caucus 2. 3.

    Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2001b)

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    1982

    1994

    17 1995

    20

    2006

    6 16 18

    2008 9 13 143 4 11

    19

    1980

    Indigenous People A New Partnership

    1992 1993 International Year for the

    Worlds Indigenous People20

    1994 49214

    8 9 International Day of the Worlds

    Indigenous People1993

    6 World Conference on Human

    RightsVienna Declaration and Programme

    17 Sub-Commission resolution E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/56, 28 October 1994 18 Human Rights Council resolution 2006/2 of 29 June 2006 19 UN General Assembly Resolution 61/295 on 13 September 2007 20 U.N.G.A. resolution 45/164 of 18 December 1990, and resolution 47/75 of 14 December

    1992

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    of Action

    1993

    12 21 48163 1995

    2004 10 Indigenous People:

    Partnership in Action

    10 21

    1994

    2000

    Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues22

    21 2004 12 22 Resolution A/RES/59/174 2005 1 1

    10 22 Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/22 of 18 July 2000

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    2000 7 2002 5 13 24

    16

    Mandate

    16 8

    8

    8

    3 1 1 2002

    2008 3 2008 2010

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    Lars Anders-Baer Bartolom Clavero Salvador Hassan Id Balkassm Andrey A. Nikiforov Michael Dodson Paimanach Hasteh Margaret Lokawua Carlos Mamani Condori Elisa Canqui Mollo Liliane Muzangi Mbella Pavel Sulyandziga Carsten Smith Tonya Gonella Frichner QIN Xiaomei Victoria Tauli-Corpuz Simeon Adewale Adekanye

    1 2002

    2002 2003

    2004 2005

    Tony Coolidge

    2006

    Anaw loh pacida

    2007

    2008

    23

    23 http://aipp.womenweb.org.tw/Activity_Show.asp?Activity_

    ID=58032008/6/11

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    Morgan, 2004: 481-500

    1997

    Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous

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    African Charter of Human and Peoples Rights

    Draft Protocol to the International

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    20 2007 9 13 61295

    143 4

    11 24

    24 UN Document A / 61 / L.67

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    Ban Ki-moonMichele Montas

    United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, 2007

    Kahn, 2000: 10-16

    Soviet UnionAfrican

    Group

    25

    25 UN doc. A/61/L.67

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    Emmerich de Vattel

    Byers, 2001: 81

    26

    27

    26

    1992110 27 2

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