巧解任务型阅读

2015.3.11

立人 徐小英

一、常见命题技法 10招

1. →原文主动 题目中被动

(1)原文 : You must be able to act what you are teaching.

题目 : Act what is being .

答案与解析 : taught。原文是“教什么” , 题目中则说“什么被教”。

(2) 原文 : Another common misunderstanding is that our

genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two

determines how happy we are.

题目 : It is also misunderstood that how happy we are

is by our genetics, environment or a combination of

the two.

答案与解析 : decided/determined 。原文和题目一个是主动 ,

一个是被动。

2. →原文被动 题目中主动

(1)原文 : Skin color is also affected by vitamin D.

题目 : Vitamin D is another source which skin color.

答案与解析 : affects。注意此处的主谓一致。

(2) 原文 : The chances of infections can be reduced through

breastfeeding.

题目 : Breastfeeding the chances of infections in the

first hours of life.

答案与解析 : reduces。注意此句的主谓一致。

3. →原文动词 题目中名词(1) 原文 : In a more obvious way, communication involves

others in the sense that a competent communicator considers

what the other person needs and expects when selecting

messages to share.

题目 : Needs and of others should be considered.

答案与解析 : expectations。原文是主动 (考虑他人的需求和期望 ), 而题目中则变为被动 (他人的需求和期望应该被考虑 ),

所 以此处应用原句中动词 expect 的名词形式 , 即expectations。

(2) 原文 : Many birds migrate twice a year between their

summer homes and winter homes.

题目 : One piece of evidence is the of many birds

between their summer homes and winter homes.

答案与解析 : migration。原文许多鸟一年迁徙两次 , 而题目中空格前有 the, 说明要填名词形式 , 故migration正确。

4. →原文名词 题目中动词(1) 原文 : Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and

encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one

another. Mutual support and trust often make a great

difference.

题目 : and trust each other.

答案与解析 : Support/Encourage。原文说“相互扶持和相互信任经常会产生很大的影响” , 而题目中则用祈使句形式 , 所以填动词原形。

(2) 原文 : In addition to information, the Internet also offers

one of the greatest inventions in communication: electronic

mail, or e-mail for short.

题目 : The Internet enables us to in a new way.

答案与解析 : communicate原文说“因特网也为我们提供了交流方面最伟大的发明之一——电子邮件” , 换句话说 , 因特网使我们能够以一种新的方式进行交流 , to为不定式 , 后接动词原形 , 故 communicate正确。

(3)原文 : After you’ve completed a task with your team, make

an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness—the strengths and

weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.

题目 : effectiveness.

答案与解析 : Evaluate。原文说“在你与你的团队完成一项任务后 , 对团队的效率进行评估” , 原文用了 make an

evaluation of the team’s effectiveness, 而 题目 中 则 转换成“ Evaluate effectiveness”。

5. →原文形容词 题目中名词

(1)原文 : . . . be responsible for your own learning. . .

题目 : Take for one’s own learning.

答 案 与 解 析 : responsibility 。 be responsible for=take

responsibility for。

(2)原文 : Inspiration is very important to creativity.

题目 : Inspiration is of great to creativity.

答案与解析 : importance/significance。 be very important/

significant to =be of importance/significance to。

6. →原文形容词 题目中副词

原文 : Take an active part in the discussion.

题目 : Speak in group discussion.

答案与解析 : actively。原文说“积极参加讨论” , 题目中则说“在小组讨论中要积极说话”。

7. →原文非谓语动词 题目中谓语动词

原文 : A format for exchanging information(e. g. , photocopies

of notes, oral discussion, etc. )is also important, . . .

题目 : your information with others via proper

format.

答案与解析 : Exchange/Share 。原文中是非谓语形式exchanging, 而题目中则是祈使句 , 用动词原形。

8. →原文谓语动词 题目中非谓语动词

原文 : Creativity can be released by discovery.

题目 : Ways to  

答案与解析 : release。此处 to release为不定式修饰Ways。

9. 用新词转换表达原文意思

(1) 原文 : You are encouraged to keep records of the sources

used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin

of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.

题目 : Keep records of the sources just in .

答案与解析 : case 。 in case( 以防万一 ) 与原文 which helps

you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen

unexpectedly意思相同。

(2)原文 : We are continually picking up meanings from others’

behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have

communicative value for them.

题目 : We are constantly meanings by what we do.

答案与解析 : conveying/expressing。原文说“我们经常可以从他人的行为中领会不同的意思” , 这与题目中“我们经常通过我们的行为来表达不同的意思”句意相同。

(3) 原文 : Actually the idea of the living compass came just

from observing animals in nature.

题目 : on the idea above, the navigating compass was

invented.

答案与解析 : Based。航海指南针 (罗盘 )的发明是基于上述想法的。

10. 表格左侧的词高度概括表格右侧的内容(1) 原文 : Here are some more suggestions for effective team

performance during these activities.

题目 :

(74)  

·Understand and agree to the(75) task of

one’s own.

·Take turns doing various tasks.

·Show concern for others to ensure safety.

·Take(76) for one’s own learning.

·Compare your own observations with those of

others.

答案与解析 : 左侧的 74题应填 Suggestions。可从原文找到。

(2) 原文 : Educating women also has a significant impact on

health practices, including family planning.

题目 :

答案与解析 : Conclusion。根据文章 , 作者在最后对全文下了结论。

________

Educating girls in developing countries is

important and rewarding.

• practice

——二、解题高招 四读一注意1. 略读 : 快速浏览全文 , 了解文章中心大意并理清文章的结构。2. 扫读 : 扫读图表 , 弄清文章结构及脉络。3. 细读 : 带着图表中的信息提示 , 在文中定位信息原始出处 ,

然后判断所填词的类型 , 通过查找、转换或概括准确表达相关信息。

4. 复读 : 复读全文 , 并检查答案的正确性。注意所填的词形和大小写是否符合要求。要利用表格或图表横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式。5. 注意书写的规范性。由于任务型阅读是主观性题型 , 所以考生在书写答案时一定要认真规范 , 切不可字迹潦草或大小写不分。像字母 a, u; e, l, t; v, r等小写极易混淆的字母一定要刻意写准。一些像 c, k, o, p, s, u, v, w, x, z等大小写一样的字母若大写时 , 可略微夸张一些。

以下附《江苏省英语科考试说明》常见词性转换① →动词 名词

A

accompany→company achieve→achievement

acquire→acquisition adapt→adaptation

add→addition adjust→adjustment

admit→admission admire→admiration

advertise→advertisement advise→advice

affect→affection agree→agreement

amuse→amusement analyse→analysis

apologize→apology appear→appearance

apply→application appoint→appointment

appreciate→appreciation approve→approval

argue→argument arrange→arrangement

arrive→arrival assess→assessment

assist→assistance associate→association

assume→assumption astonish→astonishment

attend→attendance attract→attraction

B

bathe→bath bear→birth

behave→behaviour believe→belief

bleed→blood breathe→breath

build→building

C

celebrate→celebration choose→choice

collect→collection commit→commitment

communicate→communication

compete→competition complain→complaint

concentrate→concentration

conclude→conclusion confuse→confusion

congratulate→congratulation

connect→connection consider→consideration

construct→construction consult→consultation

contain→container contribute→contribution

correct→correction count→counter

create→creation criticize→criticism

D

decide→decision decorate→decoration

defend→defense deliver→delivery

describe→description destroy→destruction

determine→determination develop→development

devote→devotion dictate→dictation

differ→difference direct→direction

disappear→disappearance disagree→disagreement

discover→discovery discuss→discussion

distinguish→distinction distribute→distribution

divide→division donate→donation

E

educate→education elect→election

embarrass→embarrassment

emphasize→emphasis employ→employment

encourage→encouragement

enquire→enquiry enter→entrance

entertain→entertainment equip→equipment

examine→examination excite→excitement

exhibit→exhibition exist→existence

expand→expansion expect→expectation

explain→explanation explore→exploration

expose→exposure express→expression

extend→extension

F

fail→failure feel→feeling

fly→flight free→freedom

G

govern→government graduate→graduation

greet→greeting grow→growth

guide→guidance

H

hesitate→hesitation

I

identify→identification ignore→ignorance

illustrate→illustration impress→impression

inform→information injure→injury

inspect→inspection instruct→instruction

insure→insurance intend→intention

interrupt→interruption introduce→introduction

invent→invention invite→invitation

J

judge→judgement

K

know→knowledge

L

laugh→laughter liberate→liberation

locate→location lose→loss

M

marry→marriage mean→meaning

meet→meeting mix→mixture

motivate→motivation move→movement

O

occupy→occupation open→opening

operate→operation

organize/organise→organization/organisation

own→ownership

P

pack→package paint→painting

permit→permission please→pleasure

pollute→pollution possess→possession

produce→production prefer→preference

prepare→preparation present→presentation

press→pressure pronounce→pronunciation

protect→protection punish→punishment

Q

qualify→qualification

R

receive→reception refer→reference

regulate→regulation require→requirement

reserve→reservation review→revision

S

satisfy→satisfaction separate→separation

serve→service settle→settlement

sign→signature simplify→simplification

solve→solution speak→speech

spell→spelling starve→starvation

state→statement strengthen→strength

succeed→success suffer→suffering

suggest→suggestion summarize→summary

survive→survival

T

tend→tendency threaten→threat

tolerate→tolerance train→training

transform→transformation

translate→translation treat→treatment

turn→turning

U

unite→union

V

violate→violation

W

warn→warning weight→weight

② →形容词 名词

A

able→ability absent→absence

academic→academy accessible→access

accurate→accuracy agricultural→agriculture

anxious→anxiety athletic→athlete

attractive→attraction

B

beautiful→beauty beneficial→benefit

brave→bravery

C

cautious→caution central→centre

challenging→challenge cheerful→cheer

chemical→chemistry cloudy→cloud

comfortable→comfort convenient→convenience

D

dangerous→danger dark→darkness

dead→death definite→definition

delighted→delight disabled→disability

dusty→dust

E

economic→economy electrical→electricity

emotional→emotion energetic→energy

equal→equality evident→evidence

F

facial→face fantastic→fantasy

financial→finance foggy→fog

fortunate→fortune free→freedom

friendly→friendliness funny→fun

H

happy→happiness harmonious→harmony

healthy→health high→height

humorous→humor hungry→hunger

I

independent→independence

J

just→justice

K

kind→kindness

L

long→length

M

major→majority merciful→mercy

N

national→nation

O

optional→option

P

painful→pain patient→patience

peaceful→peace personal→personality

physical→physics poisonous→poison

political→politics poor→poverty

practical→practice proud→pride

R

racial→race reasonable→reason

religious→religion

S

selfish→self sensitive→sense

skillful→skill social→society

sorry→sorrow southern→south

spiritual→spirit strong→strength

systematic→system

T

tasty→taste technical→technology

terrible→terror theoretical→theory

traditional→tradition true→truth

U

universal→universe

V

valuable→value various→variety

violent→violence voluntary→volunteer

W

warm→warmth weak→weakness

wealthy→wealth weekly→week

wide→width wise→wisdom

woolen→wool

Y

young→youth

Thanks for your attention!