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Slide 1 Upper Extremity Imaging By Prof. J. Stelmark Slide 2 Exposure Factors The principal exposure factors for radiography of the upper limbs are as follows: 1. Lower to…

Exposure Factors Modification By Professor Stelmark After the lecture student will: Explain relationship between voltage waveform and radiographic density. List the general…

Slide 1Primary Exposure Factors IV By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 Film-Screen Characteristics The visibility of the anatomic structures and the accuracy of their structural…

Slide 1Producing an X-ray Exposure By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 Phases of the x-ray exposure: Prep phase Exposure phase Slide 3 Prep phase prepares the cathode and anode…

Slide 1 Prime Exposure Factors II By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 Primary Factors The primary exposure technique factors the radiographer selects on the control panel are milliamperage,…

Slide 1 Exposure Timers By Prof. Stelmark Slide 2 EXPOSURE TIMERS For any given radiographic examination, the number of x- rays that reach the image receptor is directly…

Rad Physics Review 2 Rad Physics Prof. Stelmark Rad Physics Prof. Stelmark Transformers Rad Physics Prof. Stelmark Rad Physics Prof. Stelmark A transformer changes the intensity…

Prime Exposure Factors 1 By Professor Stelmark Properties of X-rays Highly penetrative invisible rays Electrically neutral Polyenergetic Liberate minute amounts of heat on…

Slide 1 Digital Image Characteristic By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 Digital Imaging In digital imaging, the latent image is stored as digital data and must be processed by…

INTRODUCTION TO RADIOBIOLOGY By Professor Stelmark Sources of Ionizing Radiation Ionizing radiation is a special type of radiation that includes x-rays. Ionizing radiation…

Slide 1 Optical Density and Brightness By Prof. Stelmark Slide 2 DENSITOMETER A densitometer is a device used to numerically determine the amount of blackness on the film…

Slide 1 Unsharpness Calculations and Resolution By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Source-to-object distance (SOD) refers to the distance from the x-ray source…

Slide 1 Digital Image Manipulation I By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 Image Histogram Digital radiographic image histograms are very important for digital image production.…

OSWER 9285.6-10 December 2002 CALCULATING UPPER CONFIDENCE LIMITS FOR EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATIONS AT HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES Office of Emergency and Remedial Response U.S.…

Slide 1Analog Imaging II Intensifying Screens By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 SCREEN CONSTRUCTION Use of film to detect x-rays and to image anatomical structures is inefficient.…

Slide 1Analog Imaging I Radiographic Film By Professor Stelmark Slide 2 The construction and characteristics of radiographic film are similar to those of regular photographic…

Slide 1Radiographic Quality Visibility and Sharpness By Prof. Stelmark Slide 2 A primary responsibility of the radiographer is to evaluate radiographic images to determine…

Slide 1Processor, Sensitometry, Artifacts Rad Science Review Prof. Stelmark Slide 2 FILM PROCESSING The latent image is invisible because only a few silver ions have been…

Fundamentals of X-ray Production By Professor Jarek Stelmark X-rays were not developed; they were discovered, and quite by accident. During the 1870s and 1880s, many university…

Executive Health and Safety Upper limb disability and exposure to hand-arm vibration in selected industries Prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and…