OWA200003 WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer (for RNO) ISS

7/31/2019 OWA200003 WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer (for RNO) ISS

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OWA200003WCDMA Radio Interface

Physical Layer

ISSUE 1.0

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 1All right s reserved

The physical layer offers data transport

services to higher layers.

The access to these services is through the

use of transport channels via the MAC sub-

layer.

The physical layer is expected to perform the

following functions in order to provide the

data transport service,for exampleModulation and spreading/demodulation and

despreading, Inner - loop power control ..ect.

http://www.fineprint.com/http://www.fineprint.com/


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References

l TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio

Transmission and Reception

l TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description

l TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of

transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)

l TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding

(FDD)

l TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)

l TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)

l TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet

Access (HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2

l TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces

(HSDPA) - Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects

l TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High

Speed Downlink Packet Access



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l Upon completion of this course, you

will be able to:

[ Understand radio interface

protocol Architecture

[ Understand key technology of

UMTS physical layer

[ Understand UMTS physical layer

procedures



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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures



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UTRAN Protocol Structure

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iu Iu

Iur

Iub IubIub Iub



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Radio Interface Protocol Structure

L3

contr

ol

co

ntrol

co

ntrol

contr

ol

LogicalChannels

TransportChannels

C-plane signaling U-plane information

PHY

L2/MAC

L1

RLC

DCNtGC

L2/RLC

MAC

RLCRLC

RLCRLC

RLC

RLCRLC

Duplication avoidance

UuS boundary

BMC L2/BMC

control

PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP

DCNtGC

RadioBearers

RRC



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Data Processing at Physical Layer

Data from MAC LayerTB

Channel coding andmultiplexing

Spreading andmodulation



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Spreading Technology

l Spreading consists of 2 steps

[ Channelization operationwhich transforms data symbols into chips.Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per datasymbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done bymultiplying with OVSF code.

[ Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .

Data bit

OVSFcode

Scrambling

code

Chips after

spreading



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Channelization Code

l OVSF code is used as channelization code

l The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is

the spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 k SF-1.

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

Cch,1,0 = (1)

Cch,2,0 = (1,1)

Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)

Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)

Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)



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Scrambling Code

l Scrambling codeGOLD sequence.

l Scrambling code period : 10ms ,or 38400 chips.

l The code used for scrambling of the uplink

DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long or short type,There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling

codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by

higher layers.

l For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 =

262,143 scrambling codes can be generated.

scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.



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Scrambling

codes for

downlink

physicalchannels

Set 0

Set 1

Set 511

Primaryscrambling code 0

Secondaryscrambling code 1

Secondaryscrambling code 15

Primaryscrambling code

511 16

Secondaryscrambling code

511 16 15

8192 scramblingcodes

512 sets

Primary Scrambling Code

A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are

included in a set.



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Primary Scrambling Code Group

Primaryscramblingcodes for

downlinkphysicalchannels

Group 0



8*63


63*8 7

512 primaryscrambling codes

Group 1

Group 63


Primary scramblingcode 15

64 primary scramblingcode groups

Each group consists of 8primary scrambling codes



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Section 1 Physical ChannelSection 1 Physical Channel

Structure and FunctionsStructure and Functions

Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping



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WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels

l In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three

channels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.

l Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the types

of the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel and

service channel.l Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and

physical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by the

physical layer. According to whether the information transported is

dedicated information for a user or common information for all users, it

is divided into dedicated channel and common channel.

l Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds ofinformation when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind of

channel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code

and scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a

dedicated channel.



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Control channel

Traffic channel

Dedicated traffic channel DTCH

Common traffic channel CTCH

Broadcast control channel BCCH

Paging control channel PCCH

Dedicate control channel DCCHCommon control channel (CCCH

logical channel



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Dedicated Channel (DCH)

-The Dedicated Channel (DCH) is an

uplink or downlink channel.

Broadcast channel (BCH)

Forward access channel (FACH)

Paging channel (PCH)

Random access channel (RACH)

Common transport

channel

Dedicated transport

channel

Transport channel



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Physical Channel

l A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency,

code (scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.

l In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or

spreading code) can distinguish the channels.

l Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and

each radio frame consists of 15 time slots.

l Two types of physical channel:UL and DL

Physical Channel

Frequency,code,phase



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Downlink Physical Channel

l Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

[ (Downlink DPCH)

l Downlink Common Physical Channel

[ Common Control Physical Channel(CCPCH)

[Synchronization Channel (SCH)

[ Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

[ Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

[ Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

DownlinkPhysical Channel



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Uplink Physical Channel

l Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Data

Channel (Uplink DPDCH)

[ Uplink Dedicated Physical ControlChannel (Uplink DPCCH)

l

Uplink Common Physical Channel[ Physical Random Access Channel

(PRACH)

Uplink PhysicalChannel



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Function of physical channel

Node B UE

P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel

SCH- Synchronisation Channel

P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel

SCH- Synchronisation Channel

P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channel

S-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel

P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channelS-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel

Cell broadcast channels

DPDCH-dedicated physical data channelDPDCH-dedicated physical data channel

DPCCH-dedicated physical control channelDPCCH-dedicated physical control channel

Dedicated channels

Paging channels

PICH-paging Indicator ChannelPICH-paging Indicator Channel

S-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channelS-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channel

PRACH-Physical random access channelPRACH-Physical random access channel

AICH-Acquisition Indicator ChannelAICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel

Random access channels

HS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channelHS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channel

HS-SCCH-High speed share control channelHS-SCCH-High speed share control channel

HS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channelHS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channel

High speed downlink share channels



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Synchronization Channel (SCH)

l Used for cell search

l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH.

l SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chipsof every time slot.

l PSC is transmitted repeatedly in eachtime slot.

l SSC specifies the scrambling codegroups of the cell.

l SSC is chosen from a set of 16different codes of length 256, thereare altogether 64 primary scramblingcode groups.

PrimarySCH

Secondary

SCH

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

acsi,0

pac pac pac

acsi,1 acsi,14

256 chips

2560 chips

One 10 ms SCH radio frame



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Common Pilot Channel(CPICH)

l Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

l Carries pre-defined sequence.

l Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256

l The CPICH uses the same channel and scrambling code but

different sequences in the case transmit diversity is used on

downlink channel

slot #1

Frame#i+1Frame#i

slot #14

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

-A -A A A -A -A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -AAntenna 2

Antenna 1

slot #0

Frame Boundary



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Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

l Primary CPICH

[ Uses the same channel code--Cch, 256,0

[ Scrambled by the primary scrambling code

[ Only one CPICH per cell

[ Broadcast over the entire cell[ The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH.

By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.

l Secondary CPICH

[ An arbitrary channel code of SF=256 is used for S-CPICH

[ S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code

[ There may be zero, one , or several secondary CPICH.

[ S-CPICH may be transmitted over part of the cell

[ S-CPICH may be a phase reference for S-CCPCH and downlink DPCH.



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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)

l Fixed rate30kbpsSF=256l Carry BCH transport channel

l The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips ofeach time slot.

l Only data part

l STTD transmit diversity may be used

Data

18 bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

1 radio frame: Tf

= 10 ms

256 chips

Tslot

= 2560 chips,20 bits

(Tx OFF)



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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)l PICH is a fixed-rate(SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).

l PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH transport channel is mapped.

l Frame structure of PICHone frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits are used to

carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined.

l N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.

l If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with this paging

indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.

One radio frame (10 ms)

b1b0

288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)

b287 b288 b299



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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)

l Carry FACH and PCH.l Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or withoutTFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI shouldbe transmitted, UE must support TFCI.

l Possible rates are the same as that ofdownlink DPCH

l SF =256 - 4.

l FACH and PCH can be mapped to thesame or separate SCCPCHs. Ifmapped to the same S-CCPCH, theycan be mapped to the same fame.

Data

N bits


1 radio frame: Tf

= 10 ms

T slot = 2560 chips,

Data

Pilot

N bitsPilotN bits

TFCI

TFCI

20*2k bits (k=0..6)



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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

l The random-access transmission data consists

of two parts:

[ One or several preambleseach preambleis of length 4096chips and consists of 256

repetitions of a signature whose length is

16 chips16 available signatures totally

[ 10 or 20ms message part

[ Which signature is available and the length

of message part are determined by higher

layer



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PRACH Transmission Structure

Message partPreamble

4096 chips 10 ms (one radio frame)

Preamble Preamble

Message partPreamble

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

Preamble Preamble



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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

5120 chips

radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms

Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #1

Access slot #7

Access slot #14

Random Access Transmission

Random Access Transmission

Random Access TransmissionAccess slot #8



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PRACH Message Structure

Pilot

N bits

Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14

Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2

Pilot

TFCI

N bitsTFCI

Data

Ndata

bitsData

Control

kbits (k=0..3)



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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

l Frame structure of AICHtwo frames, 20 msconsists of a repeated

sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).

Each time slot consists of two partsan Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and a

part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.

l Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.

l CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.

AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0

a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39

AI part Unused part

20 ms



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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

l DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio

frame

l DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer

l DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1l Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time

slot consists of 2560 chips

l The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256

l The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in

the same Layer 1 connection

l Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC



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Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

Pilot

Npilot bits

TPC

NTPC bits

DataNdatabits


Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)

1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

DPDCH

DPCCH

FBI

NFBI bits

TFCI

NTFCI bits



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Functions of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

DCH Data

DPDCHDPDCH

DPCCHDPCCH

Provide control data for DPDCH,such as demodulation, power control, etc

Data bearerData bearerat physical layerat physical layer



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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

l DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.

l Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI(optional).

l The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be

changed during connectionl DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.

l Multi-code transmission within one CCTrCH uses the same

spreading factor. In this case, the DPCH control information is

transmitted only on the first downlink DPCH.

l Different CCTrCH can use different spreading factors in thecase there are several CCTrCHs for one UE. In this case

information of only one DPCCH needs to be transmitted.



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Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH

One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms


Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2kbits (k=0..7)

Data2

Ndata2 bits

DPDCH

TFCI

NTFCI bits

Pilot

Npilot bits

Data1

Ndata1 bits

DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH

TPC

NTPC bits



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DCH data

DPDCHDPDCH

DPCCHDPCCH

Provide control data for DPDCH ,such as demodulation, power control,etc.

Data bearerData bearer

at physical layerat physical layer

DCH data

Functions of Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH



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Section 1 Physical ChannelSection 1 Physical Channel

Structure and FunctionsStructure and Functions

Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping



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{XOR}

TransportChannels

(L1 CharacteristicsDependent) PCH BCH FACH RACH DCH

S-CCPCHP-CCPCHPhysical

ChannelsPRACH DPDCH

Logical Channels

(Data Dependent)PCCH

DCCH

DTCH

DecicatedLogicalChannel

CipherOn

BCCH CCCH CTCH

Higher Layerdata

PagingPaging

SystemInfoSystem

InfoSignaling

Signaling

CellBroadcast

Service

CellBroadcast

Service

Signalingand

User data

Signalingand

User data

DTCHDTCH

Channel Mapping



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Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology

Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology

Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology



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10 20 40 or 80ms

data

data

data

TrCH-i

data CRC data CRC data CRC

data CRC data CRC data CRCd a t aCBL CBL CBL

0 8 16 or 24bits

Size Z

512 Ktail Conventional code

5120 Ktail Turbo code

CedBL CedBL CedBLCoded data Conventional code orTurbo code

Rate matched data

Rate matched data DTX

or

or

Data before 1st interleavingData after 1st interleaved

TrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-ICCTrCHTrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-I DTXCCTrCH

Ph-1 Ph-2 Ph-P

10ms

10msPh-1 Ph-2 Ph-P

TPC TFCI pilot

SpreadingScrambling

TrCH-i+1

data1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2

Radioframe

The number frames 12 4 or 8Radio

frameRadioframe

SpreadingScrambling

SpreadingScrambling

Transport channel multiplexing structure for downlink



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CRC of TB

l Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a Cyclic

Redundancy Check (CRC)

l CRC size is informed by higher layer signal

[ 08121624(optional)

l If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB are

input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be also added ,but all

CRC are zero.



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TB Concatenation and Code Block Segmentation

l All transport blocks in a TTI are serially concatenated .

l The maximum size of the code blocks depends on whether

convolutional coding or turbo coding is used for the TrCH .

[ Convolutional code: if TBS SIZE>504,segmented tomultiple code block of the same size.

[ Turbo code:if TBS SIZE>5114, segmented to multiple code

block of the same size.

[ No coding:no segmentation

[ If codes cannot be segmented evenly, fill in 0 bits at the

beginning of the first code block.

[ If the code block length of Turbo code


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Channel coding

l The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:

[ Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined

[ Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3

[ No coding

l Usage of coding

[ BCHPCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding

[ CPCHDCHDSCH and FACH1/2or1/3 Convolutional

coding ,1/3Turbo coding, no coding



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Rate Matching

l Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are

repeated or punctured.

l The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between

different transmission time intervals(TTI). In the downlink the

transmission is interrupted if the number of bits is lower than

maximum. When the number of bits between different

transmission time intervals in uplink is changed, bits are

repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bit rate after

TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate of theallocated dedicated physical channels.



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Interleaving

l Functionreduce the influence of fast fading.

l Two kinds of interleaving1st interleaving and 2nd

interleaving

[ The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1st

interleaving is a inter-frame interleaving

[ The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame , 2nd

interleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.



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Radio Frame Segmentation

l When the transmission time interval is longer than 10 ms, the

input bit sequence is segmented and mapped onto consecutive

Fi radio frames.

l Following radio frame size equalisation in the UL the input bit

sequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.

l Following rate matching in the DL the input bit sequence length

is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.



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Multiplexing of TrCH

l Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to

the TrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially

multiplexed into a coded composite transport channel

(CCTrCH)

l The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI

l TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing

l 2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated

[ Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH;

[ Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated

TrCH

l There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several

CCTrCH in downlink for one user



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Insertion of discontinuous transmission (DTX)

indication bits

l In the downlink, DTX is used to fill up the radio frame with bits.

l DTX indication bits only indicate when the transmission should

be turned off, they are not transmitted.

l 1st insertion of DTX indication bits

[ This step of inserting DTX indication bits is used only if the

positions of the TrCHs in the radio frame are fixed

l 2nd insertion of DTX indication bits

[ The DTX indication bits inserted in this step shall be placed

at the end of the radio frame.



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Physical Channel Segmentation and Mapping

l When multiple physical channels are used, one CCTrCH radio frame

can be divided into multiple physical frames multicode transmission

l Each physical channel of multicode transmission must have the same

SF

l DPCCH and DPDCH of uplink physical channel is code multiplexed.

l DPCCH and DPDCH of downlink physical channel is time multiplexed

l Uplink physical channel must be fully filled except when cpmpressed

mode is used

l In downlink, the PhCHs do not need to be completely filled with bits

that are transmitted over the air. Values correspond to DTX indicators,

which are mapped to the DPCCH/DPDCH fields but are not

transmitted over the air.



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Physical Channel Forming Before Spreading

l Each TrCH can carry different service data, several TrCHs can

be multiplexed into a CCTrCH, so WCDMA support several

service share a physical connection.

l CCTrCH mapping to data part of physical channel.

l TFCI,TPC and pilot bits generated at physical layer mapping to

control part of physical channel ,and then spreading and

scrambling, transmitting at air interface at last.



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Example of Coding and Multiplexing

The number of TrChs 3

Transport block size 81, 103, and 60 bits

CRC 12 bits (attached only to TrCh#1)

Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3 for TrCh#1, 2 coding rate =

1/2 for TrCh#3

TTI 20 ms

Transport block size 148 bits

Transport block set size 148 bits

CRC 16 bits

Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3

TTI 40 ms

Parameters for

12.2kb/s AMR speech

Parameters for

3.4kb/s control channel



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TrCh#1Transpor t b lock

CRC at tachment

C R C

Tail bi t attachmen t

Convolut ionalcoding R=1/3 , 1 /2

Rate matching

8 1

8 1

3 0 3

Tail

89 3

3 0 3 +N RM 11 st interleaving

1 2

Radio f ramesegmentat ion

#1a

To TrCh M ul t ip lex ing

3 0 3 +N RM 1

N RF 1 = ( 3 0 3 +N RM 1)/ 2

N RF 2 = ( 3 3 3 + N RM 2)/ 2

N RF 3 = ( 1 3 6 + N RM 3)/ 2

#1b

TrCh#2

1 0 3

1 0 3

3 3 3

Tail

81 0 3

3 3 3 +N RM 2

#2a

TrCh#3

6 0

6 0

1 3 6

Tail

86 0

1 3 6 + N RM 3

#3a

1 3 6 +N RM 3

#3b

3 3 3 +N RM 2

#2b

N RF 1 N RF 1 N RF 2 N RF 2 N RF 3 N RF 3



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Example of Coding and Multiplexing(3.4kbps) T r a n s p o r t b l o c k

C R C a t ta c h m e n t

C R C

C o n v o l u t io n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3

R a t e m a t c h i n g

1 4 8

1 4 8

5 1 6 * B

T a i l

8 * B

( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B

1s t

i n t e r l e a v i n g

1 6 b i t s

R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a ti o n

# 1

[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /

4

T o T r C h M u l ti p le x i n g

( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I

# 2 # 4

T a i l b i t a t ta c h m e n t

1 6 4 * B

# 3

T r B k c o n c a t in a t io n B T r B k s (B = 0 , 1 )

1 6 4 * B

( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I

I n s e r t i o n o f D T Xi n d i c a t i o n *

[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /

4

[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /

4

[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /

4

* I n s e r t i o n o f D T X i n d i c a t i o n i s u s e d o n l y i f th e p o s i ti o n o f t h e T r C H s i n th e r a d i o f r a m e i s f i x e d .



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12.2 kbps data 3.4 kbps data

TrCH

multiplexing

30 ksps DPCH

2ndinterleaving

Physical channel

mapping

#1#1a #1c

1 2 15

CFN=4Nslot

Pilot symbol TPC

1 2 15

CFN=4N+1slot

1 2 15

CFN=4N+2slot

1 2 15

CFN=4N+3slot

#1b #2#2a #2c#2b #3#1a #1c#1b #4#2a #2c#2b

#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4

510 510 510 510

12.2 kbps data



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Uplink DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading

l The DPCCH is always spread by code cc = Cch,256,0l When only 1 DPDCH exists,(Cd,1 = Cch,SF,k)k=SF/4

l The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either longor short type

I

j

c d ,1 d

S l o n g , n o r S s h o r t , n

I + j Q

D P D C H 1

Q

c d ,3 d

D P D C H 3

c d ,5 d

D P D C H 5

c d ,2 d

D P D C H 2

c d ,4 d

D P D C H4

c d ,6 d

D P D C H 6

c c c

D P C C H



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PRACH Spreading

l Message part is shown in the following figurethe value of

gain factors is the same with DPDCH/DPCCH

ccc

cd d

Sr-msg,n

I+jQ

PRACH message

control part

PRACH message

data partI



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Downlink Spreading

l Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel

converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a

complex-valued scrambling code.

l The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame

boundary of P-CCPCH.

l Each channel have different gain factor

I

Data of

physical

channel

except

SCH

S

P

Cch,SF,m

Sdl,n

Q

I+jQ S



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Downlink Spreading

Different physical

annel come from point S

G1

G2

GP

GS

S-SCH

P-SCH



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Uplink Modulation

l The chip rate is 3.84Mbps

l In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by thespreading process is QPSK modulated

S

Im{S}

Re{S}

cos(t)

Complex-valuedsequenceafterspreading

-sin(t)

Splitreal &imagparts

Pulseshaping

Pulse

shaping



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Downlink Modulation

l The chip rate is 3.84Mbps

l In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generatedby the spreading process is QPSK modulated

S

Im{S}

Re{S}

cos(t)

Complex-valuedsequenceafterspreading

-sin(t)

Splitreal &imagparts

Pulseshaping

Pulse

shaping



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Synchronization ProcedureCell Search

Frame synchronization and

code-group identification

Scrambling-codeidentification

UE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found inthe first step

UE determines the primaryscrambling code through correlation

over the CPICH with all codes withinthe identified group, and then detectsthe P-CCPCH and reads BCHinformation

Slot synchronization

UE uses PSC to acquire slotsynchronization to a cell



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Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship

AICH accessslots

SecondarySCH

PrimarySCH

S-CCPCH,k

10 ms

PICH

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0 P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1

Any CPICH

k:th S -CCPCH

PICH for k:th S -CCPCH

n:th DPCHDPCH,n

Any PDSCH



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Synchronization ProcedureCommon Channe Synchronization

l Common Channel Synchronization

l The following physical channels have the same

frame timing

[ SCH(Primary and secondary)

[ CPICH(Primary and secondary)

[ P-CCPCH

[ PDSCH

l P-CCPCHs radio frame timing is acquired by cellsearchThe P-CCPCH on which the cell SFN is

transmitted is used as timing reference for all the

physical channels



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Random access procedureSTART

Choose a RACH sub channel fromavailable ones

Get available signatures

Set Preamble Retrans Max

Set Preamble _Initial _Power

Send a preamble

Check the corresponding AI

Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power

Set physical status to be RACHmessage transmitted Set physical status to be Nack

on AICH received

Choose a access slot again

Counter> 0 && Preamble powermaximum allowed power


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Random Access ProcedureRACH

l Physical random access procedure

[ 1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access

slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the

given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones

previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the

selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot correspondingto the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC

from the next access slot set. The random function shall be such

that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal

probability

[ 2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures

within the given ASC.

[ 3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_

Retrans_ Max



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[ 4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to

Preamble_Initial_Power

[ 5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot,

signature, and preamble transmission power.

[ 6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1)

corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlinkaccess slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:

A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available

RACH sub-channels within the given ASC;

B: select a signature;

C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power; D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If

the Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from

step 6. Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.



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[ 7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the

selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot

corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the

physical random access procedure Signature

[ 8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the

selected signature is detected , Transmit the random

access message three or four uplink access slots after the

uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble

[ 9. exit the physical random access procedure



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Transmit diversity Mode

Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channelApplication of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel

appliedAICH

appliedHS-SCCH

appliedappliedHS-PDSCH

appliedPICH

appliedappliedappliedDPCH

appliedS-CCPCH

appliedSCH

appliedP-CCPCH

Mode 2Mode 1STTDTSTD

Closed loop modeOpen loop modePhysical channel type



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Transmit Diversity-STTD

l Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD

[ 4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding

b0 b1 b2 b3

b0 b1 b2 b3

-b2 b3 b0 -b1

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Channel bits

STTD encoded channel bits

for antenna 1 and antenna 2.



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Transmit Diversity-TSTD

Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH chaTime switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.nnel.

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

ac si,0

acp

acsi,1

acp

acsi,14

acp

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

acsi,2

acp

Slot #2

(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)

(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)



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Transmit DiversityClosed Loop Mode

l Closed loop mode transmit diversity

[ Used in DPCH and PDSCH

[ Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in non-

diversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TX

antenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weight

factors w1 and w2.

[ The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to the

UTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBI

field of uplink DPCCH.

[ The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Tx

diversity.there are two modes with different calculation methods of

weight factor

1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilot

symbols of two antennas are different(orthogonal)

2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicated

pilot symbols of two antennas are the same.PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com


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OWA200003 WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer (for RNO) ISS

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