7/27/2019 World Heritage Sites in Romania
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World Heritage Sites in Romania
Medieval towns, fortified churches, painted monasteries, wooden masterpieces and ancient Dacian ruins are just some of the
attractions that make up Romanias exceptional cultural heritage.
25 of its beautifully preserved architectural gems have been included by
UNESCO in the World Cultural Heritage in acknowledgement of their natural, scenic and monumental appeal. A tour of these sites
is a good way to discover Romanias history, artistic wealth and popular traditions.
Each and every stop on this route will reveal a unique and stunning location.
The western half of Walachia (Southern Romania) is endowed with spectacular monasteries, thermal-spring spas, and charming
villages set at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. Continue your trip along the Olt River Valley and discover Transylvanias
forest-covered slopes, unspoiled landscapes, quaint villages, and fortified churches. In northeastern Romania, make time for
Bucovinas painted monasteries, with their magnificent 15th-century frescoes, which are unique in the world. Cross the Prislop
Pass into Maramures, famous for its hand-hewn wooden architecture and its unique tall-spire churches with double roofs.
Images of Romania's World Heritage Sites (UNESCO), courtesy ofCosmin Danila,
are available at:www.PatrimoniuRomanesc.ro
Romanias UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
Monastery of Horezu Medieval fortified churches of Transylvania Historic centre of Sighisoara Painted Monasteries of Bucovina Wooden Churches of Maramures Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains
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The Monastery of Horezu
Location: Walachia Southern Romania
Nearby large town: Ramnicu Valcea (27 miles east)
Nearest train station: Ramnicu Valcea
Telephone: (250) 860.071
Founded in 1690 by Prince Constantine Brancoveanu, the monastery of Horezu is a masterpiece of the 'Brancovenesti'style.
Renown for the richness of its sculptural detail, the treatment of its religious compositions and its painted decorative works, the
monastery houses precious collections of frescos and icons dating
from the end of the 17th century and beginning of the 18th century.
The Hurezi School of mural and icon painting established at the
monastery in the 18th century had a profound influence on religious art and architecture in the Balkan region.
The monastery museum, housed in the princely residence, features masterpieces of Brancovenesti art: icons, books,
embroideries, silver collections and an interesting library of old books containing approximately 4,000 volumes. Overnight
accommodation available.
The Medieval Fortified Churches of Transylvania
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Transylvania is home to nearly two hundred villages with fortified
churchesbuilt by the Saxons between the 13th and 15th centuries. Having to withstand constant invaders, the villages central
areas, where the church was located most of the time, were fortified with defense walls, having the capacity to shelter a large
number of people. Seven of the fortified churches have been designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. A visit to these
quaint villages, placed amidst lush farmland and green rolling hills, will give travelers a taste of the long-gone medieval times.
Biertan Fortified Church
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Sighisora (18 miles east)
Nearest train station: Dumbraveni
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#Biertan
Calnic Fortified Church
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Sibiu (30 miles southeast)
Nearest train station: Miercurea Sibiului
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#Calnic
Darjiu Fortified Church
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Sighisoara (20 miles west)
Nearest train stations: Saschiz, Sighisoara
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#Darjiu
Prejmer Fortified Church
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large towns: Brasov (11 miles southwest)
Nearest train station: Prejmer
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#Prejmer
Saschiz Fortified Church
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Sighisoara (10 miles west)
Nearest train station: Saschiz
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#Saschiz
Valea Viilor Fortified Church
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Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Medias (8.5 miles northwest)
Nearest train station: Copsa Mica
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#ValeaViilor
Viscri Fortified Church
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Sighisoara (25 miles northwest)
Nearest train station: Rupea
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Castles-Fortresses.html#Viscri
Historic Centre of Sighisoara
Location: Transylvania - CentralRomania
Nearest train station: Sighisoara
www.RomaniaTourism.com/Sighisoara.html
Founded by German craftsmen and merchants known as theSaxons of Transylvania, Sighisoara is a fine example of a small,
fortified medieval town which played an important strategic and commercial role on the fringes of central Europe for several
centuries.
Sighisoara, one of the most beautiful towns in the heart ofTransylvania, looks today much as it did 500 years ago. This medieval
town was also the birthplace ofVlad Dracula- nicknamed Vlad Tepes (Vlad the Impaler) - ruler of Walachia from 1456 to 1462. It
was he who inspired Bram Stoker's fictional creation,
Count Dracula. His house is just one of the many attractions here. Others include the Church on the Hill, with its 500 year old
frescos; the Church of the Dominican Monastery, renown for its Renaissance carved altarpiece, baroque painted pulpit, Oriental
carpets and 17th-century organ; and the Venetian House, built in the 13th century.
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Among the most striking attractions is the 210-feet highClock Tower(Council Tower), built in the 14th century, where each day
a different wooden figure emerges from the belfry on the stroke of midnight. The tower was raised in the 13th and 14th
centuries when Sighisoara became a free town controlled by craft guilds, each of which had to finance the construction of a
bastion and defend it during wartime. The fortification walls, built in the 14th and 15th centuries, were up to 50-feet high and
featured 14 defense towers. Most of the old structure and 9 of the defense towers can still be admired today(more details)
The Painted Monasteries of Bucovina
Among the most picturesque treasures of Romania are the Painted Churches of Bucovina(northeastern Romania). With their
painted exterior walls, decorated with 15th and 16th century elaborate frescoes (featuring portraits of saints and prophets,
scenes from the life of Jesus, images of angels and demons, heaven and hell), deemed as masterpieces of Byzantine art, these
churches are one-of-a-kind architectural sites in Europe. Far from being merely wall decorations, the paintings represent
complete cycles of religious murals. The purpose of the frescoes was to make the story of the Bible and the lives of the most
important orthodox saints known to the villagers, by the use of images. Their outstanding composition, elegant outline and
harmonious colors blend perfectly with the surrounding landscape. Whether you are interested in religion, history, art or
architecture, you will be intrigued by the construction and decor exterior and interior of these edifices. The best preserved
are part of monasteries inHumor, Moldovita, Patrauti, Probota, Suceava, Sucevita, and Voronet. Another, a small church, islocated in the village ofArbore. Seven of the churches were placed on UNESCOs Word Heritage list in 1993. The eight
one,Sucevita, is awaiting sanction to be added soon.
Arbore Church
Location: Bucovina Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (20 miles southeast)
Access: car, bus (from Gura Humorului or Radauti)
Nearest train stations: Darmanesti, Radauti
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#Arbore
Humor Monastery
Location: Bucovina Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (25 miles east)
Access: car, bus (from Suceva), train
Nearest train stations: Gura Humorului
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#Humor
Moldovita Monastery
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Location: Bucovina Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (55 miles southeast)
Access: car, train (from Suceava to Vama, 1 hours, and from Vama to Vatra
Moldovitei, 35min)
Nearest train stations: Vatra Moldovitei
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#Moldovita
Patrauti Church
Location: Bucovina Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (5 miles southeast)
Access: car, bus from Suceava
Nearest train stations: Darmanesti, Suceava
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#Patrauti
Probota Monastery
Location: Bucovina Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (31 miles northwest)Access: car
Nearest train stations: Dolhasca
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#Probota
Saint Georges Church / Saint John the New Monastery
(Biserica Sfantul Gheorghe / Manastirea Sfantul Ioan cel Nou)
Location: Suceava Northeastern Romania
Address: Str. Ioan Voda Viteazul 2
Nearest train stations: Suceava
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#StGeorge
Voronet Monastery
Location: Bucovina Northeastern Romania
Nearby large town: Suceava (20 miles east)
Access: car, bus (from Gura Humorului), 3 -mile walk from Gura Humorului
Nearest train stations: Gura Humorului
www. RomaniaTourism.com/Painted-Monasteries.html#Voronet
The Wooden Churches of Maramures
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There is a strong tradition of building wooden churches across Eastern Europe, from Karelia
and northern Russia all the way to the Adriatic,
but in terms of both quality and quantity the
richest examples are in Maramures. The Wooden Churches of Maramures are unique in shape and
ornamentation and eight of them in Barsana,Budesti, Desesti, Ieud, Plopis,Poienile Izei,
Rogoz and Surdesti, have been recognized
by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
The characteristic high roofs and tall, narrow, pointed steeples are often collectively described
as the Gothic Style of Maramures. The primary wood material used by the artisans was local oak, which has survived theelements with sturdy elegance until today. The interior walls of the churches were painted by local artists, with
biblical scenes often juxtaposed against the
familiar landscape of the village. Most of these houses of worship have stood proudly since the 17th and 18th centuries some
even longer. The oldest wooden church in Maramures is the Church on the Hill
in Ieud, which dates from 1364.
Barsana Village
(Biserica Intrarea Maicii Domnului in Biserica)
Location: Iza Valley, Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Sighetu Marmatiei (10 miles northwest)
Nearest train station: Sighetu Marmatiei
Built in 1720, the wooden church in the village of Barsana (tracing its name
to barsani, the local shepherds who breed long-haired sheep) features some impressive interior frescoes with baroque and rococo
influences painted by Toader Hodor in 1806. Originally part of a monastic complex closed down in
1791, the church was moved to its present location at the beginning of the
19th century. This outstanding church boasts an impressive collection of
icons painted on glass and old religious books.
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Budesti Village
(Biserica Sfantul Nicolae)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Sighetu Marmatiei (20 miles north)
Nearest train station: Sighetu Marmatiei
Laid out the foothills around the Cosau Valley, the beautiful church in Budesti (1643) is home to a valuable collection of icons
painted on glass depicting folkloric scenes; the church also houses a unique collection of 15th century wooden icons painted on
both sides. The outstanding Last Judgment fresco, painted by Alexandru Ponehalski in 1760s, has been preserved in it entirety.
The influence of the Western Gothic style can be seen in the arrangement of the main belfry, which is surrounded by four smaller
turrets.
Desesti Saint Parascheva Church
(Biserica Cuvioasa Paraschiva)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Sighetu Marmatiei (15 miles north)
Nearest train station: Sighetu Marmatiei
The beautiful wooden church with a tall spire and steep, low-reaching,
double-skirted roof in Desesti was built in 1770 in traditional Maramures style
and painted by the renowned post-Byzantine fresco painter Radu Munteanu.
Of significant interest are the Genesis, depicting the creation of Adam and Eve, and the Last Judgment scenes.
Ieud
(Biserica Nasterea Maicii Domnului)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Sighetu Marmatiei (30 miles northwest)
Nearest train station: Viseu de Sus
Built in 1364, the Church on the Hill is the oldest church in Maramures. Built of pine and fir with small windows, a double roof
and a single, impressive steeple,
it features 15th century primitive Byzantine-style murals. Fourteen icons, illustrating moments from the Judgment to
the Crucifixion biblical scenes are placed along the path leading up to the church to recall The Way to the Crossthat Jesus Christ
walked to Golgotha.
Plopis
(Biserica Sfintii Arhangheli Mihail si Gavril)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Sighetu Marmatiei (25 miles northeast)
Nearest train station: Viseu de Sus
Built between 1796-1798 and painted in 1811, this churchs construction combines architectural elements from both the
Maramures and Transylvania regions. High walls endowed with two rows of windows increase interior illumination and add to the
distinctive style of the church, the only one in Maramures with a vaulted roof.
Poienile Izei
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(Biserica Cuvioasa Paraschiva)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Sighetu Marmatiei (23 miles northwest)
Nearest train station: Viseu de Sus
The church at Poienile Izie, built on fir logs between 1604 and 1632, is one of the most beautiful and best-preserved
architectural monuments in Maramures. The churchs interior frescoes, painted in 1794 by Gheorghe din Dragomiresti, feature
some of the most dramatic depictions of hell, illustrated in the Last Judgement scene. An interesting element is the metal
horned moon under
the cross, considered a means of protection against the Tartars.
Rogoz
(Biserica Sfintii Arhangheli Mihail si Gavril)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town:Baia Mare (30 miles northwest)
Nearest train station: Baia Mare
Built in 1663 and painted in 1785, the wooden church in Rogoz features an asymmetrical roof with the northern side larger andlowered to protect the people standing outside during important religious celebrations.
The overhanging roof protects the stylized horse-head carvings, believed to
keep evil spirits away. Unlike the typical churches in Maramures, this church
has a much smaller interior space, with walls no higher than 10 feet.
Surdesti
(Biserica Sfintii Arhangheli Mihail si Gavril)
Location: Maramures Northern Romania
Nearby large town: Baia Mare (20 miles west)
Nearest train station: Baia Mare
Dating from 1767, the famous wooden church in Surdesti, built of oak beams skillfully intertwined, displays well-preserved
interior watercolor canvases and
a remarkable 175-feet tall belfry. Surdesti is known to be one of the highest oak buildings in the world with an overall height
from ground level to the top of the steeple of 235 feet. Remarkably, no metal was used to erect the belfry as even the fastenings
are made entirely from wood.
Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains
Location: Transylvania Central Romania
Nearby large town: Hunedoara (15 miles northeast)
Dating from the 1st centuries B.C. and A.D. and strewn from Orastie to Retezat Mountains, the Dacian and Roman fortresses
recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites are an archeologists delight. Built as a defense ring around the capital of the
Dacian kingdom, Sarmizegetusa, they include the ruins of the fortresses at Banita, Capalna, Costesti - Blidaru, Costesti
Cetatuie, Luncani - Piatra Rosie, as well as pre-Roman Dacian capital (Sarmisegetuza).
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The fortresses show an unusual fusion of military and religious architectural
techniques and concepts from the classical world and the late European Iron Age. The six defensive sites,
the nucleus of the Dacian Kingdom,
were conquered by the Romans at the beginning of the 2nd century A.D.;
their extensive and well-preserved remains stand in spectacular natural surroundings and give a dramatic picture of a vigorousand innovative civilization. At Sarmisegetuza you can still see the remains of the forum and the elliptical brick and stone
amphitheatre where gladiator shows were held.
Hiking enthusiasts can enjoy the trails in the nearby Retezat National Park, the oldest in Romania (established 1935). Covering
95,000 acres of pristine forests, alpine meadows, peaks, and some 80 glacial lakes, the area was designated as a UNESCO
Biosphere Reservation and provides unforgettable hiking experiences among its peaks, valleys, rivers and gorges.
Note: The area is best explored during the summer season with proper hiking equipment and directions.
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