Urban Energy-Water Nexus:
A Case of New York
Linghao He ([email protected])
Vatsal Bhatt ([email protected])
Sustainable Energy Technologies Department
NYIT Peking University Conference
Sustainable Megacities: Food, Energy,
Water and the Built Environment
October 20-21, 2015 - Beijing
OUTLINE
Background & base case of the
New York City
Introduction of MARKAL model
Energy system, water system,&
Climate Change impact analysis
Conclusion
NYC in-briefHas more people
than 39 of the 50
U.S. states have
individually -
8,491,079 (July 2014)
Water supply - 1.3
billion gallons per
day
Electricity peak -
~12GW
nyc.gov/planyc
The comparison of New York City GreenhouseGas emissions with other U.S. cities
5.756.58
13.5914.50
12.4411.63
9.6610.76
10.01
8.30
15.10
12.38 12.21 12.59
19.1019.78
19.07
14.38
16.43
23.20
14.16
22.85
13.90
16.39
23.91
16.96
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
MtC
O2e p
er
cap
ita
Citywide GHG emissions per capita
47.94
5.30
51.60
8.93
33.55
17.75
6.13 6.77
13.09
7.6110.60
4.767.58
4.66
14.65
8.86
37.03
17.23
10.66
5.80
14.50
6.79
1.303.13
14.41
3.95
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
MtC
O2e
Millio
ns
Citywide GHG emissions
New York City Blackout 200350 Million Lose Power
Economic Losses: $7-10 billion
nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/ny-roofs.html
NYC asked U.S.DOE for help
Brookhaven National Laboratory is a multipurpose research institution
Science
Brookhaven research has been honored by seven Nobel Prizes, as well
as National Medals of Science.
eere.energy.gov/buildings/techno
logies/images/photo_controls.jpg
We Used Integrated Analysis Methods to Provide Simple Solutions
U.S. MARKAL model for comprehensive
Energy-Water analysis
Reduce PEAK Electricity Demand (cool the
city)
Provide Green Roofs and White Surfaces
Increase Energy Efficiency
worldchanging.com
ngldc.org
eere.energy.gov/buildings/technologies/images
/photo_heating_ventilation_ac.jpg
Core focus on long-term integrated energy, environmental and economic analysis using the MARKAL family of modelsMARKAL was developed at BNL in collaboration with International Energy Agency in late 1970s
Currently working with many MARKAL variants (e.g. 10-region U.S. Model, Single region U.S. Model, 15-region ETP Global Model, New York City Model, Multi-region Long Island Model)
Relevant Agencies and Projects for Energy and Climate Change Economics Modeling
U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Hong Kong MARKAL modelTaiwan MARKAL modelSouth Korean MARKAL model
Considerations for the Base CaseProductive life of existing power plants are extended to 2050 (in expectation of retrofits/new technology at the same location).
Land-use laws, expensive real estate and mandatory requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for producing 80% of needed electricity demands within geographical boundary of the City are expected to drive that behavior.
Due to NYC sustainability goals, new generation capacity will be added by very clean and increasingly efficient combined cycle gas turbines in the business-as-usual.
Cleaner options like nuclear and super-efficient integrated coal gasification combined cycle with carbon capture and sequestration are not considered due to obvious challenges recently faced by these options in NYC.
End Use Technologies: Residential Sector
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
EL
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DF
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NG
A
Ste
am
EL
C
DF
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NG
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Ste
am
EL
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Ste
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EL
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NG
A
Ste
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EL
C
DF
O
NG
A
Ste
am
EL
C
EL
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EL
C
NG
A
Ste
am
Space Heat. SF Space Heat. MF Cooling, SF Cooling, MF Water Heating Ref. Light Misc.
En
erg
y C
on
sum
tio
n (
TJ)
Misc. Steam Appliances Misc. Gas Appliances
Misc. Electric Appliances Incandescent Lighting
Refrigeration, Standard Steam to Water Heating
Baseline Gas Water Heater LPG to Water Heating
Baseline Oil Water Heater Baseline Electric Water Heater
Steam Cooling, MF Gas Heat Pump (Cooling), MF
Room AC, MF Elec. Heat Pump (Cooling), MF
Central AC, MF Steam Cooling, SF
Room AC, SF Elec. Heat Pump (Cooling), SF
Central AC, SF Steam to Space Heat, MF
Gas Burner for Space Heat, MF Kerosene Burner for Space Heat, MF
LPG Burner for Space Heat, MF Oil Burner for Space Heat, MF
Electric Heat Pump, MF Elec. Resistant Heat, MF
Steam to Space Heat, SF Gas Burner for Space Heat, SF
Kerosene Burner for Space Heat, SF LPG Burner for Space Heat, SF
Oil Burner for Space Heat, SF Electric Heat Pump, SF
Elec. Resistant Heat, SF
Pilot communities projects
Buildings are the biggest energy consumers in NYC (78%)
Utilize New York City MARKAL for quantifying the impact of
energy efficiency and load management options for three
communities in New York City: Lower Manhattan,
Community Boards 6 & 9
Capture the synergies and offsets of deploying energy
efficient technologies in buildings
Results of this work serve as a guideline in implementing
urban energy efficiency and other forms of urban
environmental improvement through cost-effective planning
at the institutional and local level in other cities (especially
emerging economies)
Lower Manhattan
New York City
Hot Spot/Load Pocket
Maps Source: NYSERDA UHI Study
Heat Archipelago
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