Citizen Security: Progress and Challenges
UPP in Rio de Janeiro: game changer?
.
Mauricio Moura
Wilson Center – Brazil Institute
March, 2014
Some facts... Source: Center for Security and Citizenship
Brazil is one the most violent countries in the world;
1.2 million people killed during the last 30 years;
27.1 homicides per 100,000 residents. 7th worst most violent nation;
Brasilia, Belo Horizonte, Macapa, Curitiba, Goiania, Recife, Cuiaba,
Sao Luis, Vitoria, Fortaleza, Manaus, Joao Pessoa and Maceio are among the top 50 most violent cities in the world (by homicide rate criteria).
City of Rio de Janeiro is still a dangerous place... Source: Rio’s State Government
1,209 homicides in 2012
24 homicides per 100,000 residents in 2012
Rio de Janeiro is the home of three very dangerous/known criminal/drug-dealers organizations in the country
However....UPP’s have been improving the statistics (State and City of Rio de Janeiro)
Source: Blog: http://oagenteprincipal.wordpress.com/2014/03/17/mais-upps-e-menos-mortes/ <accessed on 18/03/2014 >
Beginning of the pacification
Homicide rates in the city of Rio de Janeiro and resident population in pacified communities
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Num
ber o
f mun
icip
ality
dea
ths p
er 1
00 th
ousa
nd
inha
bita
nts
Fatality rate Affected population
Source: Blog: http://oagenteprincipal.wordpress.com/2014/03/17/mais-upps-e-menos-mortes/ <accessed on 18/03/2014 >
We asked the people about the UPP’s....
Communities: (Adeus/ Baiana; Alemão; Andaraí; Babilônia/Chapéu
Mangueira; Batan; Borel; Chatuba; Cidade de Deus;
Coroa/Fallet/Fogueteiro; Escondidinho/Prazeres; Fazendinha; Formiga;
Jacarezinho; Macacos; Mangueira/Tuiuti; Manguinhos; Nova Brasília; Parque
Proletário; Pavão-Pavãozinho/Cantagalo; Providência; Rocinha; Salgueiro;
Santa Marta; São Carlos; São João/Matriz/Quieto; Tabajaras/Cabritos;
Turano; Vidigal e Vila Cruzeiro.)
Dates (two waves):– September 2011 and January 2013
Number of interviews- 3,816 in 2011 and 5.200 in 2013 (3,285 in the
communities and 1,915 in the surround areas)
Source: UPP diagnostic survey conducted by Ideia Inteligência, Endeavor and Secretary of Labor and Employment - Government of Rio. October 2011. All Rights Reserved. Source: Prefeitura Municipal e Secretaria de Segurança do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Pereira Passos / Site UPPRJ
Morro São Carlos
241 may/2011 17,000
Morro do Batam
106 feb/2009 45,000
Morro do Borel
214 jul/2010 13,000
Morro Babilônia / Chapéu Mangueira
96 jun/2009 10,000
Cidade de Deus
344 feb/2009 45,000
Morro Coroa/Fallet
206 feb/2011 13,000
Rio de Janeiro UPP locations
Morro da Formiga
102 jul/2010 5,000
Morro do Macaco
215 nov/2010 27,000
Morro do Andaraí
214 jul/2010 13,000
Morro Cantagalo / Pavão-Pavãozinho
176 dec/2009 13,000
Morro dos Prazeres
206 feb/2011 13,000
Morro do Salgueiro
138 sep/2010 5,000
Morro Santa Marta
112 dec/2008 10,000
Morro Tabajaras / Cabritos
131 jan/2010 7,000
Morro da Providência
179 feb/2011 7,000
Morro São João
200 jan/2011 6,000
Morro Turano
176 sep/2009 18,000
number of police officers number of residents date
Rio de Janeiro UPP locations
Fé/Sereno
170 Jun/2012 35.740
number of police officers number of residents date
Fazendinha
314 Abr/2012 12.399
Nova Brasília
340 Abr/2012 28.661
Adeus/Baiana
245 Maio/2012 4.354
Alemão
320 Maio/2012 15.094
Chatuba
230 Jun/2012 10.205
Rocinha
310 Set/2012 17.085
Vila Cruzeiro
300 Ago/2012 17.170
Parque Proletário
220 Ago/2012 18.661
Vidigal
246 Jan/2012 10.372
Source: Prefeitura Municipal e Secretaria de Segurança do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Pereira Passos / Site UPPRJ
Rio de Janeiro UPP locations
Fé/Sereno
170 Jun/2012 35.740
number of police officers number of residents date
Fazendinha
314 Abr/2012 12.399
Nova Brasília
340 Abr/2012 28.661
Adeus/Baiana
245 Maio/2012 4.354
Alemão
320 Maio/2012 15.094
Chatuba
230 Jun/2012 10.205
Rocinha
310 Set/2012 17.085
Vila Cruzeiro
300 Ago/2012 17.170
Parque Proletário
220 Ago/2012 18.661
Vidigal
246 Jan/2012 10.372
Source: Prefeitura Municipal e Secretaria de Segurança do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Pereira Passos / Site UPPRJ
Manguinhos
588 Jan/2013 22.937
Jacarezinho
543 Jan/2013 30.037
How do you feel about security/safety after the UPP installation
Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
7.2
33.6
57
2.1
WorseNeither better or worseBetterDon't Know
4.7
24.4
66.8
4.1
January 2013 September 2011
Public security/safety in community after the UPP installation
Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
83
65.3
83.5
52.6
89.6 81
69.2 60
80.3
62.3 53 47.8
80
53.9 61.5
50
11.5
24
10
46.1
8 14.9
21.2 30.7
16.1
28.3 34 43.5
14.5
44.7 30
37.5
4 8.7 3.5
1.3 0.8 4.1 5.6 9.3 2
4.7 5.5
8.7 3.5 4.5 6.3
1.5 2 3 1.6 4 1.7 4.7 7.5 2 1.3 4 6.3
sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13
Andaraí Babilônia/ ChapéuMangueira
Batan Borel Cidade de Deus Coroa/ Fallet/Fogueteiro
Escondidinho/Prazeres
Formiga
Don't Know Worse Neither better nor worse Better
Source: Question . P5. In your opinion, the public security in your community/neighborhood, after the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews.
Public security/safety in community after the UPP installation
Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
Source: Question . P5. In your opinion, the public security in your community/neighborhood, after the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews.
64.5 55.6 61 61.3 59.7 60 56 60
78.4 80
33.3 41.1 43.5
58 67.2 72 70.5
54
25.5
28.5 28 25.3 27.4 32
31.6
40 16 16
44.3
53.3 51 26.1
25.9 24 23
40
6.4 15.3 5.5 8 6 7.3
6.4 2 0.7
12.5
3.3 3.5 12.6
3 4 4.5 5.3 3.6 0.7 5.5 5.3 7
0.7 6 3.6 3.3 9.8
2.2 2 3.4 4 2 0.7
sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13
Macacos Pavão-Pavãozinho/
Cantagalo
Providência Salgueiro Santa Marta São Carlos São João/ Matriz/Quieto
Tabajaras/Cabritos
Turano
Don't Know Worse Neither better nor worse Better
Life after UPP’s installation Community and Surrounds (%)
Community - 55,9 35,2 6,6 2,3 Surrounds - 61,0 34,9 1,8 2,3
Better Neither better nor worse Worse Don’t Know
Source: Question . P4. In your opinion, your life in this community, after UPP: Base RESIDENTS: Community = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews.
49.4 64.4
45.2 57.3 57.9
85.1 74.4 66.7 60
69.3 53.3 56 63.2
47.9 47.8 61.5
75 81.1
48.1 31.5
44.4 34.7
42.1
14.9 21.5 29.5
30.7 28
40 37.3 31.1
38.3 39.1
34.6 25 18.9
2.6 5.6 8 2.5 3.1 9.3 6.7 6.7
1.9 5.3 8.7 2.9 4.1 4.8 1.7 0.8
2.7 3.8 8.5 4.3 1
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Adeus/ Baiana Alemão Andaraí Babilônia/Chapéu
Mangueira
Batan Borel Chatuba Cidade de Deus Coroa/ Fallet/Fogueteiro
Escondidinho/Prazeres
Life after UPP’s installation Community and Surrounds (%)
Community - 55,9 35,2 6,6 2,3 Surrounds - 61,0 34,9 1,8 2,3
Better Neither better nor worse Worse Don’t Know
Source: Question . P4. In your opinion, your life in this community, after UPP:
Base RESIDENTS: Community = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews.
48 33.3
76
46.7 50
72.9 55.3 55.6
78.3
24.7 40.7
63.3 50
75 60 53.3
46.7 66.7
22.7
50.7 35
20 36 29.9
15.1
64 31.3
32 41.9
19.7
26.7 34.7
5.3 10
5.7 7.3 13.9 3.8 10 23.3
3.3 6.8 1.3 8 4
1.3 2.7 5 1.4 1.3 0.7 2.8 1.3 4.7 1.3 1.4 3.9 5.3 8
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Fazendinha Fé/ Sereno Formiga Jacarezinho Macacos MangueiraManguinhosNv Brasília Pq Proletário Pavão
Life after UPP installation Community and Surrounds (%)
Community - 55,9 35,2 6,6 2,3 Surrounds - 61,0 34,9 1,8 2,3
Better Neither better nor worse Worse Don’t Know
Source: Question . P4. In your opinion, your life in this community, after UPP:
Base RESIDENTS: Community = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews.
57.3 52.4 66.1
75.2 70.5 80 73.3
41.1 45 53.8
28.4
61.3 49.3 51.3 57.7
40.3
64.2 51.8
33.3 25.4
33.1 23.8 29.5 16.7 23.3
44.4 46.7 36.1
67.9
36 48 42
41 59.7
29.9 44.6
6 15.1
1 0.7
3.3 1.7 8.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 6 1.3 6 2.4 3.3 7.1 0.8 2.7 3.3
11.1 6.7 1.7 2.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.2
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Com
mun
ity
Surr
ound
s
Providência Rocinha Salgueiro Santa Marta São Carlos São João Tabajaras Turano Vidigal Vila Cruzeiro
How about the number of the UPP’s police officers Community (%)
Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
4.7
21.6
53.4
9 11.4
January 2013 September 2011
Source: Question . P6. Do you consider the number of police officers of UPP (Pacifying Police Unit): Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews.
How do you feel about the UPP police officer’s training? Community (%)
Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
8.4
46.4 23.1
6.2 16
January 2013 September 2011
Training of the UPP’s police officers Community (%)
Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
6 4 6
26.3
10 4.1 11.2
1.3 4.3 6.6 1 5
46.1
7 6.3
51 40.7
61
63.2
65.2 65.3
37.6 56 46.5 31.1 37.5
32.6
63.5
42.1
41.5 36.3
25
30
14.5
9.2
14 20.7
22
28 31.4
35.8 30
21.7
10
10.5
29.5
26.3
5.5 10
5
1.3
1.2 6.6
11.2
2.7 4.7
6.6 6
10.9
4.5 5
7.5
12.5 15.3 13.5 9.6 3.3
18 12 13
19.8 25.5 34.8
17
1.3
17 23.8
sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13
Andaraí Babilônia/ ChapéuMangueira
Batan Borel Cidade de Deus Coroa/ Fallet/Fogueteiro
Escondidinho/Prazeres
Formiga
Don't Know Very poor trained Poor trained Well trained Very well trained
Source: Question . P7. Regarding the preparation of the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) police you consider:
Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews.
Training of UPP’s police officers Community (%)
Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
6.4 9 11.9 2
8.8
29.5
5.6 12
4.5 4.4
20 22.9
1.3 5.5 11.3
38.2 37.5
44.5 53.3 30.3
38.7 33.2
55.2
55.6 56
37.5
76.7 41
37
51.2
58.7 56 50.7
29.9 54.9 25
36
25.9 26.7 27.2
11.4
17.6
22.7
25.4
17.8
28.5
31.1
11.9 26.7 21
30 10
2.8
3.5
2.7
13.4 8.7
11.6
2.9
4.4
0.7
9.1
3.5
18.5
2.5 4 1.5
5.3 15.5 4.9
18 8
18.4 24 19.2
1
16.8 8.7
23.5
1.1 7 13.4 11.4 9.3
16 2.7
sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13
Macacos Pavão-Pavãozinho/
Cantagalo
Providência Salgueiro Santa Marta São Carlos São João/Matriz/ Quieto
Tabajaras/Cabritos
Turano
Don't Know Very poor trained Poor trained Well trained Very well trained
Source: Question . P7. Regarding the preparation of the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) police you consider:
Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews.
Corruption and UPP’s police officers Community (%)
Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
23
10.6 10.3 7.7
19.2
7.2 6.7 5.1 2.9
7.2
0.1
42.6
8.1 5.3 4.6
11.8
5 5.7 6 3.7 6.9
0.3
jan/13 set/11
(2 – 9) - some involvement
sept/11
Source: P.8) Now thinking about the UPP involvement in corruption, what score would you give in 1 to 10 with 1 being the lowest score and meaning no involvement and 10 the highest score, meaning full involvement. What score would you give?
Base: RESIDENTS Community: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews.
What is bad about the UPP’s ? Community (%)
Source: Question . P9. What is the UPP`s main weakness in your community?
Base: Residents in the community: 3.285 interviews.
Knowledge about other social programs and Government’s initiatives after UPP’s
Community (%)
Source: Question . P13. Do you know other programs or government ‘s initiatives which began after the UPP entry in your community?
Base: Community residents: 3.285 interviews.
Overall opinion of programs and initiatives implemented in community
Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011
September 2011 January 2013
Source: Question. P13b. Could you tell me if this program implemented in your community after the entry of the UPP is great, good, regular, bad or very bad? Base: RESIDENTS Communities: Know other programs or government’s initiatives : January/13 = 685; September/11 = 955 interviews.
What do you think about the UPP’s future ? Community and Surrounds (%)
Should be in more communities and
neighborhoods of the city
Should stay just where they are now and not be extended
Should end Don’t Know
Community - 74,3 10,2 8,0 7,5 Surrounds - 83,1 10,8 3,1 3,0
Source: Question . P11. Which of these statements comes closest to your opinion about the UPPs:
Base RESIDENTS: Communities = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews.
UPP’s: permanent or temporary ? Community and Surrounds (%)
Source: Question . P10. Do you believe that the UPP is :
Base RESIDENTS: Communities = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews.
What is your opinion about the UPP’s ? Community and Surrounds (%)
Community - 21,9 68,2 9,9 Surrounds - 13,8 82,8 3,4
Source: Question. P12. And these other sentences, which of them is closest to your opinion about the UPPs :
Base RESIDENTS: Communities = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews.
The UPP’s is just marketing, it doesn’t really work
It has some problems but it is the best thing that ever
happened on public security in Rio
Don’t Know
Key points...
Brazil is really a dangerous and violent place. Facts are facts.
City of Rio de Janeiro has improved public security after the UPP’s. Game changer ?
Residents really think UPP’s make life better and safer. For them, it is certainly a game changer.
There is uncertainty about the future of the UPP’s. Short-term or long-term game changer ? To be answered.....
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