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Iurrnjt Dnlbsdotbkj, ojh tfn pktnjtbod gkr Qorntk Nggbibnjiy grkm `nr ojh
Obr@j@
O`stroit5 ^jhnrstojhbjl tfn hyjombis kg twk moekr hbsruptbjl gromnwkrcs ojh
tfn woys bj wfbif tfny ikjtbjun tk sfopn tfn jnw dow ojh nikjkmbi dojhsiopn.
Xk hk tfbs, B ojodyznh tfn iurrnjt dows, dk``bnh gkr y prnvbkus kdblkpkdbns,
sfkwbjl tfn bjnggbibnjt systnms tfot iousn bjirnosnh grbitbkj `ntwnnj iustkmnr
ojh nmpdkynn. B hnmkjstrotnh mntfkhs, ojh tnifjkdklbns ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ usn
tk ikujtnr dnlbsdotbkj, lotfnr rnskurins, ojh prkvbhn bjhbspnjsb`dn vodun tk odd
portbns. @y ujhnrstojhbjl tfn hyjombis bj pdoin grkm odd ornos kg stuhy, B irnotnh
o gromnwkrc grkm wfbif kjn ioj hntnrmbjn tfn nst ikursn kg oitbkj bj
oiikrhojin wbtf kptbmbzbjl Qorntk nggbibnjiy bj tnrms kg vodun. Wodun, bj tfn
quojtbtotbvn spoin, bs tfn mkjntory kutikmns kg rnhuibjl grbitbkj `ntwnnj
portbns. Xfbs bs hkjn y kptbmbzbjl nmpdkynn ojh iustkmnr irnotbkj, gkrmotbkj,
ojh trojsoitbkj. _uodbtotbvndy, vodun bs hntnrmbjnh y mntfkhs kg rnhuibjl
grustrotbkj wfbdn bjirnosbjl kvnrodd sotbsgoitbkj. @y irnotbjl tfn gromnwkrc kg
trudy kptbmod nikjkmbi systnms wn ioj ojodyzn fkw iurrnjt dows gobd, fkw `nr
ojh Obr@j` suiinnh, ojh wfy prklrnss bs bjnvbto`dn.
Bjtrkhuitbkj5 Xfn Bjtnrjnt, `bl hoto, ojh trojspornjiy fovn goibdbtotnh tfn
nxpkjnjtbod lrkwtf kg pnnr-tk-pnnr morcntpdoins. Xfn ikm`bjotbkj fos tocnj
ktfnrwbsn ujhnrutbdbznh lkkhs ojh snrvbins, wfbif wkudh n tkk ium`nrskmn gkr
prnvbkus systnms, ojh irnotnh gromnwkrcs tfot kptbmbzn Qorntk nggbibnjiy grkm
oj Nikjkmbi ojh Ykibod stojhpkbjt. ^snrs rnjt rkkms kj Obr`j` grkm tfnbr gnddkw
moj bjstnoh kg o ikrpkrotbkj, ojh orrojln rbhns grkm nvnrykjns prbvotn hrbvnr
wbtf `nr. Xfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty fos rkcnj hkwj `orrbnrs ojh bjirnosnhtrojspornjiy, tfnrn`y bjirnosbjl nmpotfy ojh tfus sognty. @y ujhnrstojhbjl tfn
ktfnrwbsn fbhhnj vorbo`dns, gnor bs hbmbjbsfnh3 nmpotfy gkr ykur gnddkw moj
bjirnosns, ojh sognty bs oifbnvnh. ^`nr ojh Obr`j` fovn utbdbznh tfbs jnwgkujh
bjhbvbhuod ossurojin kg tfnbr gnddkw moj, ojh tfn oiikmpojybjl tnifjkdkly tfot
njo`dns tfbs ikjjnitbvbty tk kptbmbzn Qorntk nggbibnjiy gkr tfn mkhnrj oln. Xfn
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vodun prkvbhnh `y ^`nr ojh Obr`j` bs nvbhnjt, `ut dows irnotnh `y tfn dk``ybjl
kg prnvbkus ikrpkrotbkjs ojh gromnwkrcs fovn irnotnh orrbnrs bj krhnr tk
mobjtobj pksbtbkj ojh moxbmbzn prkgbt. Xfnsn dows, wfbif orn njoitnh tk `nst
snrvn tfn pnkpdn, jnnh tk n ohoptnh bj krhnr tk njgkrin wfot tfny wnrn
krblbjoddy irnotnh gkr. Lkvnrjmnjt, gkr tfn pnkpdn y tfn pnkpdn, fos o
rnspkjsb`bdbty tk mobjtobj o pksbtbkj gkr tfn nst bjtnrnst kg bts ikjstbtunjts. @y
prnvnjtbjl tnifjkdklbiod gromnwkrcs grkm kptbmbzbjl kur skibnty grkm o
nikjkmbi ojh skibod stojhpkbjt wn ikujtnroit tfn vbrtuns wn strbvn gkr.
Xfbs popnr wbdd prkvbhn oj bj-hnptf nxombjotbkj kg tfn iurrnjt dnlod
njvbrkjmnjt, ojh hnmkjstrotn tfn vodun irnotnh `y ^`nr ojh Obr`j` tk eustbgy
tfn ohoptotbkj kg dnlbsdotbkj. Xfn vodun bs hnrbvnh grkm hyjombi prbibjl, pnnr-tk
pnnr nxifojln, ojh tfn rnhuitbkj kg pfysbiod grbitbkj.
Ynitbkj ?wbdd prkvbhn tfn gromnwkrc gkr ujhnrstojhbjl Qorntk Nggbibnjiy, ojh tfn
woys bj wfbif bt wbdd y kptbmbznh tfrkulf tfn tnifjkdklbns prkvbhnh y `nr ojh
Obr`j`, odkjlsbhn tfn skibod dojhsiopn tfot njo`dns suif prklrnss.
Ynitbkj 0wbdd ojodyzn tfn dnlod njvbrkjmnjt ktf hkmnstbioddy ojh
bjtnrjotbkjoddy. Xfn snitbkj wbdd prbmorbdy gkius kj tfn dows `nr ojh Obr`j` orn
ibriumvnjtbjl, ojh tfn rotbkjod gkr hkbjl sk ujhnr tfn gromnwkrc kg Qorntk
Nggbibnjiy.
Ynitbkj 9wbdd hbsiuss tfn nikjkmbi ojh skibod dojhsiopn kg tfn iurrnjt stotn kg
oggobrs. Xfbs snitbkj wbdd hnmkjstrotn woys bj wfbif tnifjkdklbiod prklrnssbkj bs
oiindnrotbjl nykjh tfn o`bdbty kg lkvnrjmnjtod dnlbsdotbkj ohoptotbkj. Bt wbdd
hnsirb`n fkw ^`nr ojh Obr`j` fovn `nnj njo`dnh `y kur iurrnjt skibnty, ojh
fkw tfnsn hbsruptbjl ikmpojbns fovn `rkulft tk surgoin tfn jnnh gkr
lkvnrjmnjtod ifojln bj krhnr tk mobjtobj lrkwtf ojh oifbnvn Qorntk Nggbibnjiy
bj odd hkmobjs.
Ynitbkj 8wbdd lbvn oiclrkujh tk tfn dnohnrs, ojh tfn mbjhsnt kg tfbs jnw rnnh
kg vnjturn iopbtod oicnh tnifjkdklbiod ikmpojbns. Xfbs snitbkj prkvbhns oj bj-
hnptf dkkc ot tfn toitbis nmpdkynh y tfnsn fujlry njtrnprnjnurbod stort-ups ojh
tfnbr prklrnssbkj bjtk tfn mobjstrnom. B wbdd sfkw fkw dnohnrsfbp, ojh ikmpojy
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vbsbkj fos prkvbhnh dosnr-dbcn lkods jk mottnr tfn k`stoidns. Fkw vnjturn iopbtod
fos njo`dnh tfnsn ikmpojbns tk hngy tfn jkrm, ojh wfy tfny orn jkw tkk `bl tk
bljkrn.
Ynitbkj >wbdd hnod wbtf tfn vodun tfot `nr ojh Obr@j@ prkvbhn. Bt wbdd hnod wbtfwfot jnnhs tfny gbdd, ojh fkw tfnsn jnnhs `njngbt odd portbns. Fkw tfn tnifjkdkly
fos njo`dnh `ktf ikmpojbns tk spur ikpyiots tfrkulfkut tfn wkrdh, ojh fkw tfbs
tnifjkdkly fos rnhuinh grbitbkj bj odd ornos. Xfbs rnhuinh grbitbkj wbdd `n mnosurnh
quojtbtotbvndy os wndd os quodbtotbvndy. @ktf ornos wbdd hnmkjstrotn wfy tfbs jnw
gromnwkrc fos pksbtbvn rnpnriussbkjs gkr tfn usnrs, ojh skibnty os o wfkdn.
Ynitbkj 7wbdd ikm`bjn tfn prkpnrtbns kg Qorntk Nggbibnjiy wbtf `ktf ikmpojbns bj
rnlorhs tk tfn prklrnssbkj kg vodun irnotnh. Bt wbdd syjtfnsbzn tfn tnifjkdklbiod
ospnits tfot njo`dn tfbs prklrnss, ojh lbvn rotbkjod os tk wfy dnlbsdotbkj wbdd
ikjgkrm tk tfn jnw stojhorhs kjin vodun fos `nnj hnmkjstrotnh ohnquotndy.
Ynitbkj
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tfot skibnty fos `nikmn spnibodbznh tk oj ujbmolbjo`dn hnlrnn, ojh tfot tfn
bjo`bdbty tk syjtfnsbzn odd ornos bs wfot dnohs tk irnotbjl oj bjnggbibnjt
lkvnrjmnjtod systnm. Fn orluns bj fbs Moljus Kpus, tfot o Ypkjtojnkus Krhnr
grkm tfn grnn morcnt ioj prklrnss tkworhs kur nikjkmbi bhnods. Xfot wn must lk
olobjst kur joturod tnjhnjibns tk mojoln bj o lkvnrjmnjtod stojin bj krhnr tk
oifbnvn wfot wn try tk oifbnvn tfrkulf mojolnmnjt. Xk oifbnvn tfn bhnodbznh
pnrgnitbkj kg bjgkrmotbkj moy jkt `n pkssb`dn tfrkulf ojy kjn bjhbvbhuod, kr
pnrfops ikddnitbvndy tfrkulf tfn grnn morcnt, ut prklrnss bs pkssb`dn.
Bjtnrjnt, idkuh stkroln, ojh `bl hoto fovn njo`dnh bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kj oj
bjikmprnfnjsb`dn siodn. Xrojspornjiy bj odd ornos fos `rkulft o`kut tfn
pkssb`bdbty tk oifbnvn o Qorntk Nggbibnjt skibnty wn strbvn gkr. Bj tkhoys skibnty wn
fovn tfn pkwnr tk ujhnrstojh tfn hyjombis kg tfbjls prnvbkusdy fbhhnj. \n iojsnn tfrkulf tfn nyns kg ktfnrs. \n ioj snn tfn pnrskjodbtbns tfrkulf tfn
ikddnitbkj kg odd tfot tfny orn. Xfrkulf tfn ojodysbs kg tfnbr skibod jntwkrc, tfnbr
njtnrtobjmnjt, ojh tfnbr ikursns kg stuhy, odd kg us fovn tfn pktnjtbod tk
ujhnrstojh kjn ojktfnr. Os wn ujhnrstojh kjn ojktfnr wn nlbj tk lobj
nmpotfy. Xfbs nmpotfy rnhuins tfn gnor ojh ojxbnty bj tfn prnsnjin kg ktfnrwbsn
strojlnrs. \n fovn `nnj njlrobjnh wbtf tfn nvkdutbkjory iopo`bdbty tk nmpotfbzn
ojh `n odtrubstbi, `ut wbtfbj kur trb`n. Xfbs mkhnrj trb`n fos `nnj nxtnjhnh
vbrtuoddy tk tfn njtbrn wkrdh, ojh wbtf tfot pkwnr wn ioj oifbnvn wkjhnrgud
tfbjls gkr tfn nttnrmnjt kg odd. \n ioj oifbnvn o Qorntk Nggbibnjt systnm kg
oddkiotbkj.
^`nr ojh Obr@j@ fovn ujhnrstkkh tfbs jnw trnjh kg skibod ikmmujbiotbkj. Xfny
fovn bmpdnmnjtnh tfnbr tnifjkdklbns tk njo`dn tfn bjirnosnh nmpotfy kg moj bj
twk ornos. Obr@j@ fovn oddkwnh ojykjn tk fkst ojktfnr bj tfnbr prbvotn fkmn.
^`nr fos oddkwnh ojykjn tk hrbvn ojktfnr bj tfnbr prbvotn ior. Xfn
ujhnrstojhbjl kg ykur gnddkw moj, prkvbhnh y tfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg tfnbjtnrjnt, fos mbtblotnh gnor ojh njo`dnh sognty. \btf tfbs skibod ojh tnifjkdklbiod
prklrnssbkj tfnsn twk moekr ikmpojbns fovn irnotnh gromnwkrcs tk oifbnvn
Qorntk Nggbinjiy ojh prkvbhn bmmnjsn vodun tk odd portbns.
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Xfn grkjtbnr dbjn bs hnmkjstrotbvn kg Kptbmod Qorntk Nggbibnjiy. Bt bs tfn pnrgnit
oddkiotbkj kg rnskurins. Xfbs bs bmpkssb`dn bj tfn rnod wkrdh niousn kg tfn
bjo`bdbty gkr motfnmotbiod pnrgnitbkj, `ut tfn lop ikudh `n idksnh upkj. Xfnsn
bmpnrgnitbkjs orn o rnsudt kg rblbhbtbns. @y nm`roibjl tnifjkdkly, `nr ojh Obr`j`
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fovn irnotnh vodun tfrkulf tfn mbjbmbzotbkj kg grbitbkj ojh tfn moxbmbzotbkj
kg fumoj ojh iopbtod rnskurins. Os wn `nikmn mkrn Qorntk Nggbibnjt bt `nikmns
mkrn prk`o`dn tk oifbnvn o stotn kg bjirnosbjl rndotbvn bjnquodbty. Xfbs
trojspornjt bjnquodbty irnotns skibod uprbsn kvnr gobrjnss `ut bs mbtblotnh y
oj kvnrodd sfbgt bs XKXOD WOD^N. Xfksn goitkrs kg eustbin ojh gobrjnss, os
nxpkujhnh `y Grbnhrbif Foync, sfkudh jkt prnvnjt Qorntk Nggbibnjiy, `niousn
hkbjl sk wkudh rnjhnr skibnty wkrsn kgg bj tfn dkjl ruj.
Ynitbkj 05 Dnlod Njvbrkjmnjt
Xfn dnlod njvbrkjmnjt tfot `nr ojh Obr@j@ kpnrotn ujhnr vorbns grkm
mujbibpodbty, ibty, stotn, ikujtry, tk ikjtbjnjt. Xfn lkvnrjmnjtod hbsgujitbkj
stnms grkm o prnvbkus lnjnrotbkj jkt `kujhnh `y tfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg
bjgkrmotbkj, ojh bjtnroitbkj. Bt fos dollnh `nfbjh os tnifjkdkly fos oiindnrotnh
`nykjh tfn iopo`bdbtbns kg lkvnrjmnjtod ohoptotbkj. Xfbs hbifktkmy fos rnsudtnh
bj bjnggbibnjibns, ikjgusbkj, ojh grbitbkj. Lkvnrjmnjtod dnlbsdotbkj ioj jk dkjlnr
prkpnrdy pnrgkrm bts gujitbkj, wfbif bs tk prkvbhn wfot bs `nst gkr bts
ikjstbtunjts. Xfbs bjo`bdbty, fblfdblftnh `y Foync, fos `nnj bddumbjotnh tfnsn post
ikupdn ynors, ojh moekr ifojln tk tfn gujhomnjtod gromnwkrc must tocn pdoin bj
krhnr tk oifbnvn tfn vbrtuns wn strbvn gkr os o fumoj spnibns.
Odtfkulf tfnrn orn tfkusojhs kg hbsirnpojibns `ntwnnj tfn bjtnroitbkjs kg
tfnsn dows, moekr ikmmkjodbtbns orn gkujh. Gkr ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ tfn prk`dnm
rnsts kj jkt kpnrotbjl wbtf tfn somn bjsurojin, ojh dbinjsns tfot tfn trohbtbkjod
snrvbins rnqubrn. Xfbs ibriumvnjtbjl kg pfysbiod grbitbkj oddkws ktf ikmpojbns,
ojh bts nmpdkynns ojh iustkmnrs tk rninbvn o gor supnrbkr prkhuit ojh snrvbin bj
oiikrhojin tk Qorntk Nggbibnjiy ojh vodun irnotbkj. `nr kpnrotns bj vbrtuoddy
tfn somn iopoibty os tfn toxb io` bjhustry, ojh Obr@j@ kpnrotns os o sfkrt tnrm
rnjtod spoin bj tfn somn mojjnr kg fktnds. Xfn orlumnjt `y `ktf ikmpojbns bs
tfot bt hknsjt. Bt hknsjt niousn tfn trohbtbkjod dows hkjt oppdy tk tfnbr iosn.
Xfny orn jkt tfn toxb bjhustry, ojh tfny orn jkt tfn fktnd bjhustry. Xfnsn orn o
spnibod iosn jkt ynt ujhnrstkkh ojh oiikujtnh gkr y iurrnjt dnlbsdotbkj. Xfn
hbsirnpojiy ikmns grkm tfn goit tfot ^`nr hkns jkt kwj tfn iors, kr
nmpdkynn tfn hrbvnrs. Obr@j` hkns jkt kwj tfn dkiotbkj sfopns, jkr hkns bt
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nmpdkynnbts idbnjts. Xfnsn ikmpojbns orn mnrndy goibdbtotkrs kg olrnnmnjts.
Xfny kpnrotn ujhnr tfn jktbkj kg oifbnvbjl tfn bhnods kg o grnn morcnt skibnty.
\fnrn tfnrn bs pnrgnit bjgkrmotbkj, suppdy ojh hnmojh nqubdb`rbum, ojh rnhuinh
grbitbkj. @y kwjbjlojy port tfnsn ikmpojbns wkudh dol nfbjh, ojh n
ujo`dn tk gkius kj tfnbr rkdn. Xfnbr rkdn bs tk fndp oifbnvn Qorntk Nggbibnjiy y
gkiusbjl tfnbr nggkrts kj utbdbzbjl tnifjkdkly tk oddkiotn rnskurins kptbmoddy.
Eurbshbitbkjs orkujh tfn wkrdh fovn bssunh ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ inosn-ojh-hnsbst
dnttnrs, ojh tfrnots kg dowsubts. Xfnsn k`stoidns fovn nnj rnspkjhnh tk, mkstdy,
`y bljkrbjl tfn bssun. Bjjkvotbkjs bj tnifjkdkly tfot tfrnotnjs tfn iurrnjt
dnlbsdotbvn systnm, dk``bnh gkr y prnvbkus ikrpkrotbkjs, fovn odwoys nnj mnt
wbtf kppksbtbkj. Xfbs joturod kiiurrnjin sfkudh jkt hntnr bjjkvotbkj tfot irnotns
vodun ojh bmprkvns skibnty os o wfkdn. Xfn orrbnrs fovn `nnj qubtn dbtnroddy
ruj kvnr `y tfnsn vnjturn `oicnh ikmpojbns. ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ jkw fovn jkt
kjdy prkvnj tfnbr vodun irnotbkj, `ut odsk fovn tfn iopbtod ojh orsnjod tk `ottdn
ojy gkrm kg k`struitbkj. Xfnsn Wnjturn `oicnh ikmpojbns fovn tfn rnskurins tk
rnvkdutbkjbzn tfn wkrdh bj wfbif wn dbvn bj. Ikmpojbns tfrkulfkut tfn wkrdh fovn
tocnj tfn tnifjkdkly grkm `nr ojh Obr@j@ ojh rnpdbiotnh bts snrvbin bj tfnbr
rnspnitnh orno. Xk lbvn skmn pnrspnitbvn, rnpkrts soy `nr bs robsbjl iopbtod ot o
81 @bddbkj hkddor voduotbkj. Xfot bs 81x tfn voduotbkj eust ?6 mkjtfs olk. Obr@j@ bs
vodunh ot ?9 @bddbkj. Xfnsn ikmpojbns orn `ktf 7 ynors kdh. Xfbs wor ifnst kg kvnr
? @bddbkj bj dbqubh M? oddkws tfnm tk nxpojh ojh hkmbjotn tfnbr rnspnitnh
bjhustry.
Xfn Ykibod Nikjkmy Qyrombh5 Rnors tk Pnoif ?1 @bddbkj Woduotbkj Morc
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Xfn bssun rnsts kj dbo`bdbty. Os prbvotn ikjsudtojts tfn ikmpojbns ikjtnst
tfot tfn dbo`bdbty kutsbhn kg tfn snrvbin tfny prkvbhn bs kj tfn bjhbvbhuod. Xfny orn
jkt nmpdkynns, jkr bs tfnbr prkpnrty kwjnh y tfn ikmpojbns. Xfn trohbtbkjod
dnlbsdotbvn mkdh jnnhs tk ohopt tk tfn mkhnrj niksystnm, ojh `n ikljbzojt kg tfn
vodun irnotnh y tfnsn twk hbsruptbjl ikmpojbns. Xfn toxb-io` kdblkpkdy ojh tfn
fuln orrbnrs tk njtry tfot ikmn wbtf tfn fktnd ojh toxb bjhustry prnvnjts
bjjkvotbkj tfot prkvbhn vodun tk oddportbns. Xfnsn kdblkpkdbns orn rkktnh bj tfn
pfysbiod hkmobj, ojh os o rnsudt fovn grbitbkj prnsnjt tfot prnvnjt Qorntk
Nggbibnjiy. Xfn gbxnh suppdy kg toxbs bj moekr ibtbns, odkjlsbhn tfn gbxnh prbin
irnotns grbitbkj. Xfbs grbitbkj bs jkt os prnsnjt bj tfn fktnd bjhustry `niousn kg
oiikmpojybjl tnifjkdkly tfot irnotns motifns. Xfnsn ikmpojbns dbcn Coyoc,
Qrbindbjn, nti prkvbhn bmmnjsn vodun tk tfn fktnd bjhustry, ut Obr@j@ kpnrotns bj
o poroddnd bjhustry. Xfny orn tfn @btikbj kg tfn trohbtbkjod sfkrt tnrm rnjtod spoin.
Xfny fovn njo`dnh o trun pnnr-tk-pnnr morcnt `osnh kj prbvotn prkpnrty kj o
ldk`od siodn ojh mnrndy goibdbtotnh trojsoitbkjs. Xfbs pnnr-tk-pnnr morcntpdoin
jnnhs tk ohnquotndy motif ojh ikjjnit portbns bj vnry tbmn ojh dkiotbkj
snjsbtbvn ornjos. Xfot bs tfn gujitbkj kg tfnsn skgtworn ikmpojbns. Xfny tocn
rnskurins ojh iopbtod ojh oddkw tfnm tk rnoif Qorntk Nggbibnjiy.
Os gkr rnludotbkjs gkr Dbvnry Wnfbidns, Bt bs ujdowgud gkr ojy pnrskj tk hrbvn o pu`dbi
possnjlnr vnfbidn nqubppnh wbtf o mntnr wfbif rnlbstnrs o iforln kg ojy cbjh.
Ifbiolk Mujb. Ikhn 2-??8-171.Dbvnry Wnfbidn mnojs o pu`dbipossnjlnr vnfbidn
gkr fbrn kjdy ot o iforln gbxnh y olrnnmnjt bj ohvojin. Ifbiolk Mujbibpod Ikhn
2-??8-061.
Bj Ifbiolk, ujhnr dkiod krhbjojin, bt bs ujdowgud gkr ojy pnrskj ktfnr tfoj o dbvnry
dbinjsnn kr fbs olnjt tk rnprnsnjt tk tfn pu`dbi tfot fn rnjhnrs dbvnry snrvbin. Ifb.
Mujb. Ikhn 2- ??8-101 (i). Ohhbtbkjoddy, bj Ifbiolk, jk hbspotif snrvbin moy snrvn
`ktf toxbio` ojh dbvnry dbinjsn fkdhnrs. Ibty kg Ifbiolk Pudns ojh Pnludotbkjs gkrPohbk Hbspotif Ynrvbins Pudn Jk. 9.
Xfbs bs tfn Rnddkw Lrkup dowsubt olobjst `nr usbjl tfn Dojfom oit. O porty bs
dbo`dn ujhnr 89(o)(?)(O) ojh (@) kg Dojfom Oit, gkr5 (O) godsn rnprnsnjtotbkjs
ikjinrjbjl tfn krblbj, osskibotbkj kr njhkrsnmnjt kg lkkh kr snrvbins tfrkulf tfn
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wrkjlgud usn kg ojktfnrs hbstbjitbvn morc, jomn, trohn hrnss kr ktfnr hnvbin(@)
godsn rnprnsnjtotbkjs bj ohvnrtbsbjl ikjinrjbjl tfn quodbtbns kg lkkh kr snrvbins. O
porty rbjlbjl subt ujhnr Dojfom Oit must ossnrt o hbsinrjb`dn ikmpntbtbvn bjeury.
\btfkut oj bjeury, pdobjtbgg doics stojhbjl. `nr bjvkcns Morvnddkus Hoy Ndni. (Y.U.)
Ik., Dth. v. Oin Forhworn Ikrpkrotbkj. `nr bs kj hbggnrnjt dnvnd kg hbstrb`utbkjifobjQdobjtbggs bjiduhn toxb dbinjsnns, toxb oggbdbotbkjs, ojh o dbvnry snrvbin.^`nr
bs o skgtworn ikmpojy ojh o dbinjsnh rohbk hbspotif snrvbin ojh, os suif, puts
mnm`nrs kg tfn pu`dbi snncbjl trojspkrtotbkj bj tkuif wbtf dbinjsnh toxb ojh
`doic ior hrbvnrs.
\fntfnr `nr fos vbkdotnh ojy mujbibpod rnludotbkjs bs oj bssun squorndy gkr
olnjiy ikjsbhnrotbkj ojh rnskdutbkj.@niousn olnjiy hnibsbkjs orn grnqunjtdy kg
o hbsirntbkjory joturn kr grnqunjtdy rnqubrn nxpnrtbsn, tfn olnjiy sfkudh n lbvnj
tfn gbrst ifojin tk nxnribsn tfot hbsirntbkj kr tk oppdy tfot nxpnrtbsn.Olnjibnssuif os Ifbiolk Hnportmnjt kg @usbjnss Oggobrs ojh Ikjsumnr Qrktnitbkj sfkudh
bjtnrprnt kr wrbtn jnw rudns.
^`nrs osbi orlumnjt bs tfot tfny orn hbggnrnjt grkm o toxb ikmpojy, ojh kj o
hbggnrnjt dnvnd kg tfn hbstrb`utbkj ifobj. Xfus, yku iojjkt sun ujhnr Dojfom Oit.
\n orn sk hbggnrnjt, tfot rnludotkry khbns hk jkt cjkw fkw tk oppdy tfnbr
nxbstbjl mujbibpod rnludotbkjs tk `nr. Xfus, olnjibns jnnh tk rnwrbtn tfnbr
rnludotbkjs.
^`nr fovn ujhnrstkkh tfn rkdn tfny must fovn bj pkdbtbis bj krhnr tk oifbnvn
oiinptojin bj ktf tfn dkiod ojh gnhnrod dnvnd. Xfny fbrnh Hovbh Qdkuggn, K`omos
iompoblj mojolnr ojh o pkdbtbiod strotolnst, bj krhnr tk dnoh tnoms bjtk tfn
pkdbtbiod dojhsiopn. ^`nr fos tk ikjvbjin dnlbsdotkrs ojh tfn pu`dbi tfot tfnbr
snrvbin bs prkvbhbjl bmmnjsn vodun tk odd portbns, ojh mocbjl skibnty nttnr kgg
grkm tfnbr nggkrts. Xfot tfn bssuns kg bjsurojin ojh dbinjsns orn jkt tfn somn os
trohbtbkjod systnms, ojh tfot tfny must `n ohoptnh tk `nttnr subt tfbs mkhnrjnjvbrkjmnjt.
Hovbh Qdkuggn sobh,
^`nr fos tfn ifojin tk `n o kjin bj o hniohn bg jkt o kjin bj o lnjnrotbkj
ikmpojy. Kg ikursn, tfot pksns o tfrnot tk skmn, ojh Bvn wotifnh os tfn toxb
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
bjhustry iortnd fos trbnh tk stojh bj tfn woy kg tnifjkdkly ojh bl ifojln.
^dtbmotndy, tfot opprkoif bs ujwbjjo`dn. @ut B dkkc gkrworh tk hkbjl wfot B ioj
rblft jkw tk njsurn hrbvnrs ojh rbhnrs orn jkt hnjbnh tfnbr kppkrtujbty gkr ifkbin
bj trojspkrtotbkj hun tk tfksn wfk wojt tk mobjtobj o mkjkpkdy ojh pdoy tfn
bjsbhn lomn tk hnjy kppkrtujbty tk tfksn kj tfn kutsbhn.
B ikudh jkt `n mkrn nxibtnh tk ekbj suif o vb`rojt ikmpojy ojh bts pnkpdn wfk
wbdd n ot tfn o`skdutn dnohbjl nhln kg tkmkrrkws bjjkvotbkjs ojh ifojlbjl
pnkpdns dbvns ojh tfnbr ibtbns gkr tfn `nttnr. Bt wbdd `n o prbvbdnln tk eump bj tfn
gkxfkdn wbtf tfn tnom ot tfbs lrnot stortup ojh lnt tk wkrc.
^`nr fos ruj bjtk skmn ikjtrkvnrsy ogtnr oj nxniutbvn tkdh rnpkrtnrs fn sfkudh
fbrn tk gbjh hbrt kj tfn ekurjodbsts rnpkrtbjl pktnjtboddy homolbjl idobms.
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
Xfbs summory hntobds woys ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ hnod wbtf rnludotkry
k`enitbkjs robsnh bj sndnit eurbshbitbkjs orkujh tfn wkrdh.
oppnodbjl hbrnitdy tk tfn rndnvojt outfkrbty tk ifojln tfn rnludotbkj
prnssurbjl tfn dkiod ikmmujbty tk oppnod tk tfn rndnvojt outfkrbty
tnmpkrorbdy kr pnrmojnjtdy wbtfhrowbjl tfn prkhuit grkm tfn morcnt
ifojlbjl tfn prkhuit tk ikmpdy wbtf tfn rnludotbkj
ifoddnjlbjl tfn rnludotbkj bj ikurt, ojh bj skmn iosns ikjtbjubjl tk njloln bj
tfn ifoddnjlnh ikjhuit, kr
poybjl gbjns wfbdn ikjtbjubjl ikjhuit tfot ikjtrovnjns tfn rnludotbkj
Xfn dost twk iosns moy `n wfy bt oppnors tfot ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ orn ikjtbjubjl tkkpnrotn hnspbtn tfn dow.
Xfn Ybjlopkrn lkvnrjmnjt fos rnspkjhnh tk tfn rbsn kg `nr, Lro`Xoxbojh ktfnr
jnw toxb-opp snrvbins y bjtrkhuibjl jnw rnludotbkjs(pu`dbsfnh o gnw hoys olk
kj Jkv 0?, 01?8) tfrkulf tfn Dojh Xrojspkrt Outfkrbty (DXO) nggnitbvn _0 01?>5
Xfnsn rnludotbkjs fovn ikmn o`kut ogtnr o ynor-dkjl ikjsudtotbkj wbtf vorbkus
lrkups5 ikmmutnrs, tfn Jotbkjod Xoxb Osskibotbkj, tfbrh-porty toxb `kkcbjl
snrvbins ojh toxb ikmpojbns.
Xfny'dd rnqubrn rnlbstrotbkj kg snrvbins, prkvbsbkj kg iustkmnr snrvbin, ioppnh gnns,
dbinjsnh toxbs ojh hrbvnrs.
Xfn nggnitbvn ifojln mocns tfnsn toxb opps kpnrotn eust dbcn rnludor toxbs5 jk prn-
trbp tbppbjl, jkt oddkwbjl prn-spnibgbnh hnstbjotbkjs, nti.
Qort kg tfn rnoskj bs ikjsumnr sognty ojh bjtnrnsts, nspniboddy tk oddkw tfnm tk
rnmobj nquoddy oiinssb`dn tk odd mnm`nrs kg tfn pu`dbi, ojh prnvnjt ifkksyhrbvnrs.
Xfn DXO bs lbvbjl njkulf tbmn (mkrn tfoj 7 mkjtfs) gkr tfnsn toxb snrvbins tk
`nikmn ikmpdbojt tk tfnsn jnw rnludotbkjs.
http://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singaporehttp://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singaporehttp://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singaporehttp://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singapore7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
GkrObr`j`,`ktf tfn Fkusbjl Hnvndkpmnjt @korh (FH@) ojh ^r`oj
Pnhnvndkpmnjt Outfkrbty (^PO) fovn spnibgbi rnludotbkjs ojh lubhndbjns olobjst
sfkrt-tnrm rnjtods ujhnr 7 mkjtfs.
Xfn rnoskjs lbvnj orn tfot "FH@ gdots orn mnojt gkr kwjnr-kiiupotbkj" ojh
"moekrbty fkmnkwjnrs prngnr tk rntobj tfn rnsbhnjtbod joturn kg tfnbr prkpnrtbns.
Oddkwbjl rnsbhnjins tk n usnh gkr sfkrt stoys dnohs tk fblf turjkvnrs kg
kiiupojts, ojh lbvns rbsn tk jubsojin ojh sognty ikjinrjs."
Njgkrinmnjt kg tfnsn rnludotbkjs fovn jkt `nnj hkjn olobjst Obr`j` `ut olobjst
tfn fkmnkwjnrs wfk dbst tfnbr prkpnrtbns kj tfnsn sbtns.
@ktf tfn FH@ ojh ^PO njikuroln "gnnh`oic kj ojy suspnitnh iosns kgujoutfkrbznh su`dnttbjl" y ojy mnm`nr kg tfn pu`dbi.
Kvnr tfn post gnw ynors, tfny'vn `nnj bjvnstblotbjl fujhrnhs kg ikmpdobjts ojh
vbkdotbkjs kg tfbs skrt, rnsudtbjl bj mojy worjbjls. Qnjodtbns ojh ikjgbsiotbkjs
Ybjlopkrn bs oj bmmnjsn ohoptbvn skibnty tfot wbdd fovn moekr bmpdbiotbkjs gkr
dnlbsdotbkj orkujh tfn wkrdh. Yoj Grojsbsik fovn rninjtdy possnh tfn Obr`j`
dow.
Xfn dow oddkws kjdy pnrmojnjt rnsbhnjts tk kggnr sfkrt-tnrm rnjtods, nsto`dbsfns o
jnw ibty rnlbstry gkr fksts, mojhotns tfn ikddnitbkj kg fktnd tox, dbmbts njtbrn-
fkmn rnjtods tk 21 hoys pnr ynor, rnqubrns noif dbstbjl tk iorry $>11,111 bj
dbo`bdbty bjsurojin, ojh nsto`dbsfns lubhndbjns gkr njgkrinmnjt `y tfn
Qdojjbjl
Hnportmnjt.Xfn mnosurn, wfbif possnh . Ifbu ( @korh prnsbhnjt) ojh ktfnr supnrvbskrs sobh tfny skulft o `odojin
`ntwnnj prnsnrvbjl oggkrho`dn fkusbjl `y mocbjl surn dojhdkrhs iojt ikjvnrt
pnrmojnjt ujbts tk mkrn-duirotbvn voiotbkj rnjtods ojh oddkwbjl rnsbhnjts tk
norj nxtro bjikmn y rnjtbjl tk trovndnrs. \n ioj prktnit kur ibtys fkusbjl ujbts
grkm nbjl ikjvnrtnh tk fktnds, wfbdn odsk oddkwbjl sfkrt-tnrm rnjtods kj o
dbmbtnh `osbs tk fndp rnsbhnjts oggkrh tk stoy bj tfnbr fkmns, Ifbu sobh bj o
stotnmnjt ogtnr tfn vktn.
http://www.quora.com/Airbnbhttp://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Planning+Department%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Planning+Department%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Planning+Department%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Planning+Department%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Planning+Department%22http://www.quora.com/Airbnb7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
Obr`j` fos sobh bt wbdd stort ikddnitbjl ojh rnmbttbjl tfn fktnd tox tfbs mkjtf,
skmntfbjl Ifbu sobh wos spurrnh y fbs dnlbsdotbkj. Bt sfkudh rbjl ot dnost $??
mbddbkj o ynor tk ibty ikggnrs.
Bj Jnw Rkrc Mr. Yifjnbhnrmoj (Jnw Rkrc Ottkrjny Lnjnrod) ojh ibty rnludotkrswbdd odsk ojjkujinh o ekbjt njgkrinmnjt bjbtbotbvn tk sfut hkwj bddnlod fktnds.
Worbkus rnludotkrs wbdd bjvnstblotn vbkdotbkjs kg `ubdhbjl ojh sognty ikhns ojh tox
rnludotbkjs.
Ojykjn kpnrotbjl oj bddnlod fktnd sfkudh n kj jktbin tfot tfn stotn ojh ibty wbdd
tocn ollrnssbvn njgkrinmnjt oitbkjs bj tfbs orno, sobh Mr. Yifjnbhnrmoj. O sdbic
ohvnrtbsbjl iompoblj hknsjt ifojln tfn goit tfot tfbs bs bddnlod oitbvbty.
Obr@j@ fos lrkwj tk njkrmkus dnvnds bj moekr ibtbns, ojh tk ikmpdntndy nrohbiotntfbs snrvbin bs bmpkssb`dn ot tfbs pkbjt. Mr.Yifjnbhnrmoj idobms tfot 8 ujbqun pdoins bj Jnw Rkrc. Xfbs fuln
hbsirnpojiy hnmkjstrotns tfot tfn Obr`j`s idobm tfot bt, oddkws dkjltbmn
rnsbhnjts tk stoy bj tfnbr fkmns y norjbjl eust o dbttdn nxtro mkjny tk fndp mocn
njhs mnnt, bs wrkjl. Bjhbvbhuods orn oitbjl os hn goitk fktnds wbtfkut tfn ohhnh
rnludotbkj, dbinjsns, ojh toxns. Xfnsn idobms snnm tk n oiiurotn, ojh orn
hnmkjstrotbvn kg tfn Qorntk idobm tfot 61% kg tfn rnsudts orn grkm 01% kg tfn
bjputs. Xfnsn orn joturod kiiurrnjins, `ut kjns tfot fovn `nnj turjnh bjtk
rnoskjs tk rnstrbit inrtobj gkrms kg tfn snrvbin. Jnw Rkrc fos ynt tk ikmpdntndy
bjstbtutn o jnw dow, kr njgkrin bts dnlbsdotbkj sk tfn jnxt gnw mkjtfs sfkudh n
bjtnrnstbjl.
Ynitbkj 95 Nikjkmbi, tnifjkdklbiod, ojh Ykibod Dojhsiopn
Xkhoys mkhnrj ldk`od skibnty fos `nnj njo`dnh tk gdkurbsf `y tfn
bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg tfn bjtnrjnt. Xfbs bjgkrmotbkjod trojsoitbkj hkns jkt lorjnr
tfn somn pfysbiod ikjstrobjts kg tfn prnvbkus mkhnd. Oddkwbjl ikjjnitbvbty tk tocn
pdoin kj tfbs ldk`od dnvnd `bjhs us tklntfnr. \btf tfbs `kjhbjl wn ioj nxifojln
bjgkrmotbkj ojh bhnos tk irnotn skmntfbjl prnvbkusdy bmpkssb`dn. \n cjkw fovn
tfn pktnjtbod tk oiinss odd kg fbstkrbns bhnos ot kur gbjlnrtbps. \n ioj
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
ikmmujbiotn oirkss tfn wkrdh bj rnod tbmn. \n ioj irkwh gujh kur bjhbvbhuod
bhnos ojh lotfnr iopbtod grkm o hbvnrsn lrkup kg pnkpdn. \n ioj trojsmbt
mkjntory vodun, ojh ujhnrstojh kursndvns tfrkulf tfn ujhnrstojhbjl kg ktfnrs.
Qoymnjt trojsoitbkj ojh oiiurotn LQY bs bjvoduo`dn gkr `nr. Xfny rndy upkj tfbsos tfn gkujhotbkj gkr tfnbr snrvbin. Bj krhnr tk prkvbhn tfn bmmnjsn vodun tk
iustkmnrs ojh hrbvnrs tfny must mbjbmbzn grbitbkj. Xfbs grbitbkj ikmns bj tfn gkrm
kg sdkw trojsoitbkjs grkm trohbtbkjod gromnwkrcs. Xfn toxb bjhustry stbdd rndbns kj
iosf, ojh sbjin tfny hkjt fovn o injtrodbznh gromnwkrc tfny sikwnr gkr
iustkmnrs. Xfbs sikwnrbjl wostns tbmn gkr ktf tfn hrbvnr ojh tfn iustkmnr. Xfbs
wostnh tbmn bs trojsdotnh bj wostnh iopbtod. Xfn ikkrhbjotbkj bs ium`nrskmn
ikmpornh tk ^`nrs tnifjkdkly. `nr ikkrhbjotnstfn portbns, tfny rnhuin
pfysbiod grbitbkj, ojh prkvbhn nggbibnjt ikmmujbiotbkj. Xfny usn Lormbj gkr LQY,Pnodtbmn/hbspotif systnms orn ubdt kj Jkhn.es ojh Pnhbs. @usbjnss dklbi odd dbvns
bj oj OQB `ubdt kj Qytfkj, MyY_D ojh Mkjlk. Irozy motf ojh sibnjin gkr NXOs,
hnmojh ojh suppdy prnhbitbkj bs odsk hkjn bj Qytfkj. \n`sbtns, bjiduhbjl dorln
ikhn osns gkr bjtnrjod kpnrotbkjs ojh portjnrs/hrbvnrs, orn kj @oic`kjn.es.
K`enitbvn-I ojh Eovo gkr tfn bQfkjn ojh Ojhrkbh opps.
Xfn tnifjkdklbiod stoic usnh `y tfnsn bjjkvotbvn ikmpojbns fovn njo`dnh tfnm
tk rnvkdutbkjbzn tfn gdkw ojh rnhuin grbitbkj. Xfbs bmprkvnmnjt bj odd ornosnjo`dnh y skgtworn ojh hoto fos irnotnh snrvbins tfot orn Qorntk Nggbibnjt. Odd kg
tfnsn bmprkvnmnjts ojh ifojlns bj tfn skibod dojhsiopn must fovn foppnjnh bj
krhnr gkr tfnsn ikmpojbns tk `n os bjgdunjtbod os tfny orn tkhoy. Xfbs 1 tk ?
ifojln bs rnoddy o ? tk J bg ojodyznh gurtfnr. Nvnrytfbjl bs `ubdhbjl kj tkp kg kjn
ojktfnr ojh sfbgts fkrbzkjtoddy foppnj wfnj odd tfn pbnins ikmn tklntfnr tk
irnotn skmntfbjl bjjkvotbvn.
@y utbdbzbjl tfn o`bdbty tk lotfnr lrnotnr omkujts kg rnskurins, fumoj iopbtod, ojh
bjgkrmotbkj wn ioj irnotn bmmnjsn vodun tfot ioj n sfornh. Xfbs bs
hnmkjstrotnh bj ikjinrts, ubdhbjls, obrpdojns, ojh brkjbioddy tfn bjtnrjnt. \n
lotfnr ojh irnotn skmntfbjl moenstbi tfot iojjkt n irnotnh y ojy kjn
bjhbvbhuod, ut tfot ioj n nquoddy sfornh kjin irnotnh. Xfbs utbdbzotbkj kg o moss
kg pktnjtbod irnotns tfbjls bmpkssb`dn wbtfkut tfn ekbjt nggkrt kg o ldk`od skibnty.
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
@kjhbjl Iopbtod5 gkrmotbkj kg strkjl tbns. Xfnrn bs o fblf hnlrnn kg
fkmklnjnbty, os bjhbvbhuods tnjh tk rnbjgkrin sfornh proitbins, jkrms ojh
sbmbdorbtbns.
@rbhlbjl Iopbtod5 gkrmotbkj kg wnoc tbns. Xfbs pkwnr ikmns grkm tfn o`bdbty tk
goibdbtotn trust y prkvbhbjl trojspornjiy bjtk tfn irnhb`bdbty kg bjhbvbhuods.
Dbjcbjl Ykibod Iopbtod5 gkrmotbkj kg dbjcs ntwnnj vnrtbioddy/fkrbzkjtoddy-
snporotnh lrkups. Xfbs bs tfn trojsoitbkj ojh vodun-iopturn sbhn kg tfn nquotbkj.
^`nr ojh Obr@j@ fovn tocnj tfn tnifjkdkly prnsnjt, ojh ikm`bjnh bt kj o ldk`od
pfysbiod dnvnd. Xfny fovn tocnj tfn kjdbjn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty ojh usnh bt tk
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
oddkiotn rnskurins kj oj ktfnrwbsn pfysbiod hkmobj. Xfny fovn irnotnh vodun `y
mocbjl tfn systnm Qorntk Nggbibnjt. Xfny rnhuinh tfn grbitbkj kg motifbjl suppdy
wbtf hnmojh kj strbitdy o pnnr-tk-pnnr pdojn. Xfbs sforbjl nikjkmy fos tfn
pktnjtbod tk mobjtobj tfn ohvojtolns kg fovbjl prbvotn prkpnrty wbtf tfn ohhnh
`njngbt kg sforbjl ujhnrutbdbznh rnskurins. Xfn kptbmbzotbkj kg prbvotn prkpnrty
ojh Qorntk Nggbibnjiy bs wfot `nr ojh Obr@j@ bs strbvbjl gkr.
Dkw-Ikst Qrkhuinr.Xfn bjium`njts fblf gbxnh ikst struiturn (wfbif prkvbhns
tfnm wbtf prkinss ojh siodn ikst ohvojtolns) bs `nikmbjl o ikmpntbtbvn
hbsohvojtoln os mojy trovndnrs fovn lrkwj tbrnh kg tfn bmpnrskjod nxpnrbnjin kg
stoybjl bj ikkcbn-iuttnr fktnds ojh tfn bjnggbibnjt ojh bmpnrskjod nxpnrbnjin kg
trovndbjl bj toxbs. Bj ikmporbskj, Ykibod Yforbjl ikmpojbns suif os Obr`j` ojh
^`nr orn tfn udtbmotn dkw-ikst prkhuinrs os tfny fovn idksn tk o znrk morlbjodikst mkhnd os tfny fovn tfn pktnjtbod tk irnotn bjgbjbtn suppdy y nmpkwnrbjl
bjhbvbhuods tk lnjnrotn bjikmn grkm ujhnr-utbdbznh pnrskjod ossnts (b.n. Qrkpnrty,
Qdojt, & Nqubpmnjt suif os o fkusn kr ior ojh Fumoj Iopbtod suif os prkpnrty
mojolnmnjt kr ifouggnurbjl snrvbins).
Fblf-Ywbtifbjl Iksts.Iustkmnrs orn jk dkjlnr fndh ioptbvn tk tfn bjium`njts
os Obr`j` ojh `nr jkw prnsnjt mkrn ottroitbvn ojh pnrskjod odtnrjotbvns.
Bjtojlb`dn Ossnts.Xfn vodun kg o `rojh jomn bs hnprnibotbjl os Obr`j` ojh
^`nr orn irnotbjl Dkjl Xobds bj trovnd y rnpdoibjl ortbgbibod bjstbtutbkjod trust wbtf
Ykibod Iopbtod `y hnmkirotbzbjl tfn tkkds kg prkhuitbkj ojh hbstrb`utbkj ojh
ikjjnitbjl suppdy ojh hnmojh y iopbtodbzbjl kj tfn gbdtnrbjl nggbibnjiy kg skibod
jntwkrc rnvbnws ojh goibdbtotbjl trust tfrkulf huod oiikujto`bdbty systnms (b.n.
`ktf tfn fksts ojh tfn lunsts rotn noif ktfnr).
Jntwkrc Nggnit.^jdbcn fktnd ojh toxb ikmpojbns tfot snnc tk ikjstrobj suppdy
tk cnnp prbins fblf, Obr`j` ojh `nr orn irnotbjl struiturod ossnts tfot opprnibotn
bj vodun os tfny ottroit mkrn ojh mkrn jnw fksts/hrbvnrs (b.n. suppdy) ojh
trovnddnrs (b.n. hnmojh) tk tfnbr pdotgkrm, dnohbjl tk tfn udtbmotn jntwkrc nggnit.
Iurrnjt dnlbsdotbkj orkujh tfn wkrdh bs prnvnjtbjl bjjkvotbkj tk tocn pdoin.
Lkvnrjmnjtod pnrsniutbkj kg rohbioddy hbggnrnjt gromnwkrcs, tfot moxbmbzn
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
bmpdnmnjtbjl snrvbins tfot njngbt odd portbns. Xfny ujhnrstojh tfn dkjl-tnrm
pktnjtbod bg tfny prkvbhn tfn mkst vodun. Xfny ujhnrstojh tfot tfn snrvbin tfny
prkvbhn must n krhnrs kg moljbtuhn nttnr tfoj tfn jnornst ikmpntbtbkj. Xfny
ikjtbjun tk fbrn bjirnhb`dn todnjt, bmprkvn odlkrbtfms ojh mntfkhkdkly, ojh
rnkrlojbzn struiturn tk moxbmbzn nggbibnjiy ojh irnotn vodun tfrkulf dnss grbitbkj.
Obr`j`s mbssbkj bs tk ujdkic ujbqun spoins wkrdhwbhn ojh bjgusn o snjsn kg
`ndkjlbjl ojh fkmn bjtk noif hnstbjotbkj. Xfn spoins orn mkrn tfoj eust o pdoin
tk sdnnp gkr o gnw jblfts, tfny orn pdoins tfot tndd tfn stkry kg tfn bjhbvbhuod dbvbjl
tfnrn. Xfnbr govkrbtn ikggnn sfkp, tfnbr pnrskjodbty, ojh tfnbr snjsn kg stydn bs
bjgusnh wbtfbj tfnbr fkmn ojh dkiotbkj. Xfbs irnotns oj otmkspfnrn tfot `kjhs
noif ktfnr tklntfnr. jhnrstojhbjl ykur gnddkw moj kj o mkrn bj-hnptf dnvnd bs
tfn cny tkworhs nmpotfbzbjl ojh gnndbjl sniurn. `nr obms tk ottobj tfn somngkrm kg iopbtod tfrkulf bts snrvbin. ^`nrV bs o woy kg pnrskjodbzbjl tfn nxpnrbnjin
kg lnttbjl tk ykur hnstbjotbkj. Xfn hrbvnrs orn fumojbznh, ojh tfn vnfbidns orn
rnludor iors. Xfbs oddkws tfn otmkspfnrn, odkjlsbhn tfn poymnjt systnm, ojh
motifbjl systnm tk nosn `ktf portbns. Xfbs nxpnrbnjin bs gurtfnr njfojinh kjin
rnodbzbjl tfot ^`nrV bs rkulfdy 01% ifnopnr tfoj Xoxb. Xfbs vodun irnotnh `y
`ktf ikmpojbns mocns ottroitbjl ojh cnnpbjl iustkmnrs ojh idbnjts ikmn
joturoddy.
Ynitbkj >5 Xfn Wodun ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ prkvbhn
^`nr bs o mk`bdn oppdbiotbkj wfbif ikjjnits possnjlnrs tk wbddbjl, prbvotn hrbvnrs
wfk pbic tfnm up ojh hrbvn tfnm wfnrn tfny jnnh tk lk, muif dbcn o toxb snrvbin.
^`nr btsndg norjs rnvnjun `y tocbjl o 01% iut kg gorn ikst. Xfn toxb morcnt
iurrnjtdy bs oj kdblkpkdy bj tfn snjsn tfot bt fos dows bj pdoin wbtf ikjstrbit tfn
ovobdo`bdbty tk njtnr bjtk tfn morcnt. Xfn typbiod toxb dbinjsns orn njkrmkusdy
nxpnjsbvn gkr oj ovnroln bjhbvbhuod tk kwj kutrblft. Xfbs fblf orrbnr tk njtry bs
iforoitnrbznh `y mkjkpkdbns ojh bs prndnvojt bj tfn toxb bjhustry tfrkulfkut tfn
wkrdh. Xfbs trohbtbkjod systnm bs jkt os nggbibnjt os `nr, ojh irnotns tnjsbkj grkm
irnotbjl ojy Qorntk nggbibnjiy grkm tfn rblbhjnss. Xfbs gbxnh suppdy ojh prbin
irnotns ujjoturod grbitbkj tfot dnnhs bjtk kptbmbzotbkj.
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^`nr fos njtnrnh tfn morcnt wfntfnr kr jkt bt bs dnlod kg tfnm tk hk sk ujhnr
iurrnjt dows. Xfny fovn sbhn stnppnh mojy kg tfn `orrbnrs, ojh ndbmbjotnh tfn
jnnh tk purifosn o dbinjsn. Xfbs iousnh mojy bjhbvbhuods tk snrbkusdy ikjsbhnr
^`nr os oj kutdnt tk njtnr niousn kg tfn oiinssb`bdbty, poy, ojh grnnhkm kg wkrc.
Xfn nmnrlnjin kg ktfnr sbmbdor spowjs tk `nr iomn os wndd. Xfnsn snrvbins suif
os Dygt ojh Fodk `ottdnh tk ujhnriut noif ktfnrs prbins, ojh irnotn bjinjtbvns gkr
`ktf ikjsumnrs ojh hrbvnrs. Xfny njtnrnh bjtk odmkst o pnrgnit ikmpdntbkj, `ut
tfot odsk gnoturnh hbrty toitbis dbcn pkoifbjl hrbvnrs, ojh mojbpudotbjl noif
ktfnrs snrvbins. Xfny foh tfn dbqubh iopbtod tk su`sbhbzn tfn pktnjtbod gkr sfkrt
tnrm prkgbts gkr dkjl tnrm hkmbjotbkj.
Bj tfn pbiturn ndkw bs tfn ikmporbskj kg tfn twk Ybdbikj Woddny ikmpojbns tfot
`ottdnh gkr ikjtrkd. Odtfkulf tfny orn sbmbdor tfny fovn nxpnrbnjins tfot ornskmnwfot hbggnrnjt. Dygt bs mkrn iosuod ojh spujcy tfoj `nr. Dygt mocns tfn
hrbvnrs pdoin o pbjc mustoifn kj tfn grkjt kg tfn ior, ojh tfn hrbvnrs hkjt fovn
ojy hrnss ikhns. Xfny orn trudy eust ykur ovnroln pnkpdn mocbjl iodds ojh hrbvbjl
pnkpdn orkujh. ^`nr ojh nvnj ^`nrV bs mkrn skpfbstbiotnh, `ut stbdd iosuod. Xfny
fovn skmn hrnss ikhns ojh skmn vnfbidn ikhns, `ut try tk upfkdh oj nxpnrbnjin
tfot bs mkrn tfoj eust ykur ovnroln pnrskj hrbvbjl yku orkujh. Xfny stbdd mobjtobj
tfn grbnjhdy otmkspfnrn, `ut fovn o tkuif kg mkhnrj om`bojin bm`unh wbtfbj
tfnbr snrvbin. Xfn omkujt kg gujhbjl ojh voduotbkj sbzn bs hromotbi. Xfbs fos
njo`dnh `nr tk nxpojh mkrn ropbhdy ktf hkmnstbioddy ojh bjtnrjotbkjoddy, ojh
`rbjl ohhbtbkjod bjinjtbvns tk ktf portbns bj krhnr tk lnt tfnm wbtfbj tfnbr
gromnwkrc. Xfny obm tk `rbjl pnkpdn kj `korh ojh fovn tfnm vbnw ^`nr os tfnbr
prbmory skurin kg trojspkrtotbkj. Xfny wojt tk nrohbiotn Dygt, ojh lbvn tfnm jk
pktnjtbod gkr prkgbto`bdbty bj tfbs ikjsbhnro`dy dkw morlbj usbjnss.
Iurrnjtdy `nr bs gdkkhbjl tfn morcnt bj Bjhbo ojh Ifbjo wbtf nxtrnmndy dkw ikst
kptbkjs ikmpornh tk ikpyiot ikmpntbtkrs. `nr bs wbddbjl tk tocn >1% dksns kjinrtobj ekurjnys bj krhnr tklobj dkyodty, ojh nsto`dbsf tfnmsndvns os tfn dnohnr bj
tfn guturn. Xfny orn fnmkrrfolbjl iosf bjtk tfnsn morcnts wbtf tfn iopbtod tfnsn
lobjnh grkm bjvnstmnjts ot oj bjirnosbjl fblf voduotbkj dnvnds. (81 @bddbkj os kg
dotnst jnws, ?6 `bddbkj kjdy o ikupdn mkjtfs olk)
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Xfbs bs oj nxompdn bj lomn tfnkry ioddnh tfn @nrtrojh lomn, wfnrn twk gbrms orn
ikjstojtdy bhhbjl prbins hkwj bj krhnr tk ottroit morcnt sforn ujtbd tfny rnoif
tfn znrk nikjkmbi prkgbt ikjhbtbkj. Gurtfnrmkrn, os mkrn ikmpojbns nlbj tk
njtnr tfbs toxb morcnt wn ioj nvnj snn mkrn iforoitnrbstbis kg pnrgnit
ikmpntbtbkj. Xfbs hbolrom ndkw gnoturns tfn prbin wor kg @nst @uy ojh Omozkj.
Xfnsn ikmpojbns orn wbddbjl tk rnoif tfn pkbjt kg morlbjod ikst bj krhnr tk tocn
owoy morcnt sforn ojh nikmn hkmbjojt. Xfny orn skmntbmns nvnj wbddbjl tk lk
`ndkw tfbs pkbjt ojh su`sbhbzn tfn prkhuits kr snrvbins bj krhnr tk hrow tfn ktfnr
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kut kg usbjnss. Xfnsn toitbis orn gkiusnh kj tfn dkjl-tnrm pktnjtbod kg `nbjl tfn
dnohnrs bj tfn morcnt. @y rnhuibjl tfn sfkrt tnrm prkgbts bj tfbs smodd su`snitbkj
tfny ioj iopbtodbzn bj tfn dkjl-tnrm bj ornos kg fblfnr prkgbto`bdbty. Xfny skdbhbgy
tfnmsndvns os tfn dnohnrs wfbif prkvbhn tfn mkst vodun tk tfn iustkmnr, ojh os
suif rninbvn dkyodty kj ojytfbjl ndsn tfny prkhuin. Bt bs bmpkrtojt tk jktn tfot
tfbs bs `nikmbjl pkssb`dn `niousn kg tfn ifojln bj pnrinptbkj kg tfn pu`dbi ojh
tfn oiinssb`bdbty kg iopbtod rnskurins. Xfny rnskurins ikmn grkm vnjturn
iopbtodbsts wfk ujhnrstojh tfn pktnjtbod kg usbjl tfnsn mntfkhs bj krhnr tk
ikjvbjin tfn pu`dbi wfnj bt ikmns tbmn tk BQK.
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Xfn sbmpdbibty kg tfn B ojh V kj ktf tfn hrbvnr ojh iustkmnr grkjt-njh oddkws
^`nr tk hromotbioddy rnhuin grbitbkj grkm tfn bjo`bdbty tk prkpnrdy utbdbzn tfnbr
tnifjkdkly. @y irnotbjl tfbs sbmpdbstbi ktf portbns ioj oifbnvn wfot tfny snt kut
tk hk wbtfkut tfn ujjnnhnh fossdn. Xfn `oic-njh kg tfbs bjirnhb`dy pkwnrgudsnrvbin bs hromotbioddy mkrn ikmpdnx, wfbif oddkws gkr prkpnrtbns tk n bjtnlrotnh
bj tfn guturn. Xfnsn guturn ohvojinmnjts wbdd jkt kjdy fndp oifbnvn Qorntk
Nggbibnjiy, ut wbdd sfbgt tfn wfkdn iurvn gkrworh y irnotbjl vodun.
Ojktfnr cny gnoturn kg `nr wfbif fos bjtrblunh nikjkmbsts bs tfn ikjinpt kg
prbin surlbjl. `nrs usbjnss mkhnd rnprnsnjts kjn kg tfn mkst `osbi prbjibpdns
kg nikjkmbis5 bjirnosnh hnmojh robsns prbins ojh oddkws suppdy tk nxpojh. Kjn
nxompdn kg tfbs bs hurbjlo sjkwstkrm bj Jnw Rkrc bj Hninm`nr 01?9. Xfn rkohikjhbtbkjs wnrn tnrrb`dn ojh tfnrn wos o hngbibt kg usuod ynddkw toxbs, dnovbjl
mojy strojhnh. Bj tfbs bjstojin, `nr bjirnosnh bts gorns up tk sbx gkdh. \fbdn
mojy iustkmnrs fovn do`ndnh tfbs os prbin lkulbjl, bt oifbnvnh bts bjtnjhnh
nggnit kg bjinjtbvbzbjl hrbvnrs tk fbt tfn rkohs ojh mnnt tfn hnmojh wbddbjl tk poy
tfnsn prbins. Xfbs pfnjkmnjkj bs sk bjtrblubjl `niousn ujdbcn mojy morcnts,
http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/04/uber_style_surge_pricing_does_the_system_make_sense_for_d_c_cabs.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/04/uber_style_surge_pricing_does_the_system_make_sense_for_d_c_cabs.html7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
hnmojh ojh suppdy oheustmnjts orn mohn bjstojtojnkusdy. Odtfkulf tfbs bs jkt o
pnrgnit bhhbjl morcnt, ut rotfnr odlkrbtfm osnh prbibjl, btsstbdd gosibjotbjl tk
snn bjgkrmotbkj bmmnhbotndy rngdnitnh bj prbins.
^`nr fos sdosfnh bt `nrx prbins `y 01% ojh olrnnh tk iop prbins hurbjlnmnrlnjibns bj Jnw Rkrc.
Xfbs pkdbiy bjtnjhs tk strbcn tfn iorngud odojin ntwnnj tfn lkod kg
trojspkrtotbkj ovobdo`bdbty wbtf ikmmujbty nxpnitotbkjs kg oggkrho`bdbty hurbjl
hbsostnr @NP INK orlunh.
Jnw Rkrc dow prkfb`bts prbin lkulbjl bj krhnr tk prkvbhn ikjsumnrs wbtf irbtbiod
prktnitbkjs tk wfbif tfny orn njtbtdnh ujhnr tfn dow. Xfn dotnst dnlbsdotbkj
rnoifnh oj olrnnmnjt wbtf `nr kj prnvnjtbjl prbin lkrlbjl hurbjl nmnrlnjiysbtuotbkjs. Xfbs hkns jkt oggnit muif ikjsbhnrbjl tfn pnrinjtoln kg tfnsn
nmnrlnjiy sbtuotbkjs bj rnmorco`dn dkw. Xfn nggnit bs jnldblb`dn, `ut tfn ^`nr
dkkcs nttnr ojh tfn pu`dbi bs foppy gkr tfbs dbttdn jullnt.
Xfbs pbiturn hnmkjstrotns tfn ^B sfkwj tk
iustkmnrs wfnj goinh wbtf tfn hnibsbkj tk lk
tfrkulf wbtf surln prbibjl. Xfbs bjirnhb`dntrojspornjt systnm kg jktbgybjl iustkmnrs bs
jkw ujhnr gbrn. Xfbs bs prbmorbdy niousn tfn
pu`dbi bs jkt usnh tk `nbjl jktbgbnh bj tfbs
mojjnr. Ktfnr bjhustrbns tfot utbdbzn tfn
o`bdbtbns kg prbin hbsirbmbjotbkjs tk mojoln
suppdy ojh hnmojh, ojh iopturn tfn mkst
prkgbt grkm hbggnrnjt hnmklropfbis ornjt os
trojspornjt. Xfbs fos `nnj o rnoskj gkr ^`nrs`oj bj Dos Wnlos ojh bts ikjtrkvnrsy bj Mobj
Ytrnom mnhbo. Xfbs kvnrikmpnjsotbkj wbdd
ikkd os ujhnrstojhbjl hnnpnjs.
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Pnludotbkjs gkr Xoxbs5 Xoxbs orn jkt pnrmbttnh tfn duxury kg hku`dbjl, trbpdbjl, kr
nvnj qubjtupdbjl tfnbr rotns os `nr hkns, eust niousn bt bs robjbjl kr o fkdbhoy.
Ifbiolk Mujbibpod Ikhn 2-??0-711.Pudn XV1>-1
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Xfn trohbtbkjod toxb snrvbin wos gbxnh ojh ikudhjt nggbibnjtdy prbin hbsirbmbjotbkj
`ktf `niousn kg tfn dow, ojh `niousn kg tfn bjo`bdbty tk lotfnr mnojbjlgud hoto.
Xfn hyjombi prbibjl struiturn `nr utbdbzns bs nykjh tfn jkrmodbty typbioddy
osskibotnh wbtf tfbs snrvbin, ojh tfn goit tfot tfnrn bs jk hbsikujt bj tfbs prbibjl
mocns tfn hbstostnh tfot mkrn podoto`dn.
Xfn HNNQ brkjy fnrn bs tfot ^`nr kggnrs tfn mkst nikjkmbioddy snjsb`dn, ojh
usngud, nxompdn kg hyjombi prbibjl bj tfn nikjkmy.
Odtfkulf tfbs ioj `n vbnwnh os squnnzbjl nvnry pkssb`dn hkddor grkm iustkmnrs
bt ioj odsk `n vbnwnh os irnotbjl nqubdb`rbum bj tfn suppdy ojh hnmojh kg tfn
snrvbin. Xfn gbrst tnxtnh hyjombi prbibjl bj @kstkj bj 01?0 bjirnosnh kj-tfn-rkoh
suppdy kg hrbvnrs `y
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?)
^`nr bs o morcntpdoin ojh ^`nrshrbvnrs orn odd bjhnpnjhnjt olnjts.
0)
Xfn moekrbty kg ^`nr gorns lk tk tfnsn bjhnpnjhnjt hrbvnrs
9) ^`nr bs ikmmbtnh tk nbjl o dkw-prbin dnohnr
8) ^`nrs hyjombi prbibjl oggnits dnss tfoj ?1% kg odd rbhns
>)
^`nr bs `nikmbjl mkrn trojspornjt.
Obr@j@ lbvns tfn fksts tfn o`bdbty tk prbin oiikrhbjl tk tfnbr wbsfns. Xfny lbvn tfn
fksts tfn o`bdbty tk ujhnrstojh tfn morcnt vodun kg tfnbr prkpnrty pnr jblft, ojh
lbvn tfn prbins gkr ikmporo`dn ujbts. Xfny hkjt fovn os muif prbin
hbsirbmbjotbkj ikjtrkd os `nr hkns wbtf bts snrvbin. Xfny oddkw tfn morcnt tk
spkjtojnkusdy oheust btsndg ojh oifbnvn prkpnr nqubdb`rbum. Xfbs bs pkwnrgud
`niousn wbtf tfn omkujt kg trojspornjiy ovobdo`dn o pnrgnitdy ikmpntbtbvnnjvbrkjmnjt gkr tfn nttnrmnjt kg odd portbns ioj foppnj. Obr@j@ oddkws tfn
pktnjtbod kg o ikddnitbkj kg bjhbvbhuods tk krlojbzn bj suif o woy tfot trudy oddkws
gkr Qorntk nggbibnjiy. Xfn iforoitnrbstbis kg grnn morcnt orn njo`dnh.
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Ynitbkj 75 Ikm`bjbjl tfn prkpnrtbns kg Qorntk Nggbibnjiy wbtf ktf ikmpojbns bj
rnlorhs tk tfn prklrnssbkj kg vodun irnotnh.
@y syjtfnsbzbjl tfn tnifjkdklbiod ospnits tfot njo`dn tfbs prklrnss, ojh lbvbjl
rotbkjod os tk wfy dnlbsdotbkj wbdd ikjgkrm tk tfn jnw stojhorhs kjin vodun fos`nnj hnmkjstrotnh ohnquotndy.
Qorntk Nggbibnjiy bs o stotn bj wfbif rnskurins orn oddkiotnh bj suif o woy tfot kjn
porty iojjkt `njngbt wbtfkut tfn ktfnr suggnrbjl. Xfbs stotn bs ottobjnh `y fovbjl o
grnn morcnt skibnty wbtf pnrgnit bjgkrmotbkj ojh jk grbitbkj. Xfbs stotn kg
pnrgnitbkj bs ujottobjo dn bj tfn rnod wkrdh, ut prklrnss tkworhs tfot bhnods orn
pkssb`dn wbtf tfn ohhbtbkj kg tnifjkdklbns bjtnlrotnh bjtk hbsruptbvn ikmpojbns
dbcn `nr ojh Obr@j@. Xfnsn ikmpojbns fovn mbjbmbznh tfn pfysbiod grbitbkj bs
ornos suif os pnnr-tk-pnnr motifbjl, LQY troicbjl, ojh Qoymnjt trojsoitbkjs.
Xfny fovn oddkwnh gkr trojspornjiy, ojh nmpkwnrnh tfn bjhbvbhuod tk mocn
trojsoitbkjs wbtf fbs gnddkw moj wbtfkut tfn trohbtbkjod urhnjs. Xfnsn twk
ikmpojbns fovn irnotnh snrvbins tfot goibdbtotn tfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg pfysbiod
gdkw kg fumoj oitbvbty. Xfny fovn mohn njkrmkus Qorntk bmprkvnmnjts ojh
trompdnh nxbstbjl dnlbsdotbkj tfot irnotnh orrbnrs tk nggbibnjiy.
Xfnsn dows fovn nnj bj pdoin tk prktnit dorln Kdblkpkdbns grkm ikjtrkddbjl dorln
ospnits kg oitbvbty. Xfnsn trohbtbkjod gromnwkrcs mblft fovn nnj jninssory
`ngkrn tfn tnifjkdklbiod ojh skibod ohvojinmnjts, ut tfny jk dkjlnr snrvn tfnbr
purpksn. Xfny orn rndbis kg tfn post tfot prnvnjt Qorntk Nggbibnjiy. Xfnsn fbjhnr
tfn pkssb`bdbtbns ovobdo`dn wbtf tfn bjtnlrotbkj kg jnwgkujh tnifjkdklbns. Xfny hk
jkt pkssnss tfn pktnjtbod tk rnvkdutbkjbzn tfn woy bj wfbif wn bjtnrnoit wbtf
noif ktfnr, ojh tfn hoto wn jnnh tk trudy mocn mnojbjlgud hnibsbkj bj
oiikrhojin tk nikjkmbi nggbibnjiy.
Xfnsn bmprkvnmnjts njo`dnh `y ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ ikmn quojtbtotbvndy. ^`nr ojhObr@j@ prkvbhn ikmpntbtbvn prbins, ojh mkst tbmns ifnopnr prbins ikmpornh tk
ktfnr ikmpntbtkrs. Bj ohhbtbkj tk dkwnr prbins tk iustkmnrs, tfny njo`dn tfn fksts
ojh hrbvnrs tk rnop o dorlnr sforn kg tfn rnvnjuns. Xfbs mkjntory njfojinmnjt tk
`ktf portbns bs pkssb`dn niousn kg tfn rnhuinh grbitbkj ojh tfn nxinptbkjs tk
dbinjsns ojh ohhbtbkjod bjsurojin. _uodbtotbvndy, `nr ojh Obr@j@ prkvbhn
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nxpnrbnjins tfot trudy njiopsudotn tfn fumoj bhnods wn strbvn gkr. Xfnsn snrvbins
`rbjl us idksnr tk noif ktfnr os fumojs. Xfny oddkw us tk lobj nmpotfy gkr kur
gnddkw moj, ojh nxpdkrn fbs mkst pnrskjod spoins. (Fbs fkmn ojh ior) Xfnsn
snrvbins orn grkm kur gnddkw moj, tfny orn jkt grkm dorlnr ikrpkrotbkjs kg fktnd
kr toxb ifobjs. Xfny orn kur jnblf`krs. Xfbs fumojbzotbkj ikupdnh wbtf ohhnh
bmprkvnmnjts bj odd ornos kg ikmgkrt, prkvbhns bmmnjsn vodun.
Xfn pu`dbi ojh lkvnrjmnjt fovn `nikmn mkrn ojh mkrn ikljbzojt kg tfbs
bmmnjsn vodun prkvbhnh `y tfnsn twk ikmpojbns. Xfny fovn nluj tk ifojln
dnlbsdotbkj kj o ibty ojh mujbibpodbty dnvnd. Xfn lkvnrjmnjt must prkvbhn wfot bs
bj tfn nst bjtnrnst kg bts pnkpdn. Xfn pnkpdn orn nikmbjl owocnh tk tfbs
pkssb`bdbty kg fovbjl tfnsn omozbjl snrvbins. Xfny orn nlbjjbjl tk ujhnrstojh tfn
`njngbts tk tfnmsndvns ojh tfnbr gnddkw moj. Xfny orn `nlbjjbjl tk ujhnrstojhwfot tfn iurrnjt dows stotn, ojh wfy tfny sfkudh gblft gkr tfn rblft tk fovn
bjjkvotbkj tfot irnotns Qorntk Nggbibnjiy ojh vodun bj odd hkmobjs.
^`nr ojh Obr@j@ fovn, ojh wbdd ikjtbjun tk bjgdunjin tfn wkrdh wn dbvn bj, bj o
pksbtbvn mojjnr. Xfbs bs tfn `nlbjjbjl kg moekr ifojlns njo`dnh `y tfn
nxpkjnjtbod oiindnrotbkj kg tnifjkdkly. \n fovn eust rnoifnh tfn ikjvnx pkbjt,
ojh wbdd snn bmprkvnmnjts wbtf noif possbjl hoy.
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Ynitbkj 65 Dkjl Xnrm Wbsbkj
^`nr ojh Obr@j@ orn kjdy o sfndd kg wfot tfnbr trudy iopo`bdbtbns wbdd `n bj tfn
guturn. Bmolbjn o wkrdh tfot wbdd `n pnrgnitdy nggbibnjt. Xfbs wkrdh wbdd bmprkvn tfn
dbvns kg odd portbns y rnhuibjl pfysbiod grbitbkj. Xfbs wkrdh tfot wbdd oddkw yku tknxprnss ykur irnotbvbty bjstnoh kg hnodbjl wbtf tfn jnrvbjl fossdns tfot snrvn tk
hbmbjbsf tfot prnibkus fumoj iopo`bdbty. Xfbs wkrdh wbdd `n mkrn nmpkwnrbjl
ojh o`ujhojt tfoj nvnj tfn `nst vbsbkjs kg ^tkpbo.
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o tkwjiorikmpojy kpnrotbjl bj o gnw ibtbns, bt bs jkt
`bl.
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os hkmbjotbjlojh nvnj lrkwbjltfn tkwj ior morcnt bj
hkznjs kg ibtbns, bt lnts `bllnr. (Hoto pkbjt5 tfnrn orn jkw mkrn ^`nr `doic iors bj
Yoj Grojibsik tfoj tfnrn wnrn ODD `doic iors ngkrn `nr stortnh).
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o`skr`bjltfn toxbmorcnts, bt lnts prntty fuln.
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr `rbjlbjltoxbstk ports kg tfn wkrdh tfot hbh jkt fovn tfnm
`ngkrn niousn kg bjsuggbibnjt hnjsbty, bt lnts nvnj dorlnr.
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o pnrskjoddklbstbissnrvbin tfot ioj hrbvn ykur cbhs tk
sifkkd ojh `oic, tocn yku tk wkrc, pbic up ykur pornjts ot tfn obrpkrt, hrbvn ykutk hotn jblft sk yku ioj lnt ykur hrbjcs kj, bt lnts vnry vnry dorln.
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os hndbvnrbjl`ktf pnkpdn os wndd os tfbjls(poicolns, hry
idnojbjl, lrkinrbns) bt lnts nvnj dorlnr.
Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o rnpdoinmnjtgkr ykur ior, bt lnts nvnj dorlnr.
Bg yku mbx bj o gdnntkg sndg-hrbvbjliors, krifnstrotnh y `nr, bt lrkws olobj.
Bg yku tfbjc kg ^`nr os o lbojt supnrikmputnrkrifnstrotbjltfn hndbvnry kg
mbddbkjs kg pnkpdn ojh btnms odd kvnr tfn wkrdh (tfn Ibsikkg tfn pfysbiodwkrdh),
yku lnt wfot ikudh `n kjn kg tfn dorlnst ikmpojbns bj tfn wkrdh.
Obr@j` ojh ^`nr fovn kjdy eust `nikmn rnvkdutbkjbzbjl kur gujhomnjtod fumoj
jnnhs (sfndtnr ojh trojspkrtotbkj) bj o sforbjl nikjkmy. Xfn Guturn bs Fnrn.
7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper
31/31
Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis
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