Uber and AirBnB Research Paper

7/21/2019 Uber and AirBnB Research Paper

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Lnkrln Ytkbtznv Dow & Nikjkmbis

Iurrnjt Dnlbsdotbkj, ojh tfn pktnjtbod gkr Qorntk Nggbibnjiy grkm `nr ojh

Obr@j@

O`stroit5 ^jhnrstojhbjl tfn hyjombis kg twk moekr hbsruptbjl gromnwkrcs ojh

tfn woys bj wfbif tfny ikjtbjun tk sfopn tfn jnw dow ojh nikjkmbi dojhsiopn.

Xk hk tfbs, B ojodyznh tfn iurrnjt dows, dk``bnh gkr y prnvbkus kdblkpkdbns,

sfkwbjl tfn bjnggbibnjt systnms tfot iousn bjirnosnh grbitbkj `ntwnnj iustkmnr

ojh nmpdkynn. B hnmkjstrotnh mntfkhs, ojh tnifjkdklbns ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ usn

tk ikujtnr dnlbsdotbkj, lotfnr rnskurins, ojh prkvbhn bjhbspnjsb`dn vodun tk odd

portbns. @y ujhnrstojhbjl tfn hyjombis bj pdoin grkm odd ornos kg stuhy, B irnotnh

o gromnwkrc grkm wfbif kjn ioj hntnrmbjn tfn nst ikursn kg oitbkj bj

oiikrhojin wbtf kptbmbzbjl Qorntk nggbibnjiy bj tnrms kg vodun. Wodun, bj tfn

quojtbtotbvn spoin, bs tfn mkjntory kutikmns kg rnhuibjl grbitbkj `ntwnnj

portbns. Xfbs bs hkjn y kptbmbzbjl nmpdkynn ojh iustkmnr irnotbkj, gkrmotbkj,

ojh trojsoitbkj. _uodbtotbvndy, vodun bs hntnrmbjnh y mntfkhs kg rnhuibjl

grustrotbkj wfbdn bjirnosbjl kvnrodd sotbsgoitbkj. @y irnotbjl tfn gromnwkrc kg

trudy kptbmod nikjkmbi systnms wn ioj ojodyzn fkw iurrnjt dows gobd, fkw `nr

ojh Obr@j` suiinnh, ojh wfy prklrnss bs bjnvbto`dn.

Bjtrkhuitbkj5 Xfn Bjtnrjnt, `bl hoto, ojh trojspornjiy fovn goibdbtotnh tfn

nxpkjnjtbod lrkwtf kg pnnr-tk-pnnr morcntpdoins. Xfn ikm`bjotbkj fos tocnj

ktfnrwbsn ujhnrutbdbznh lkkhs ojh snrvbins, wfbif wkudh n tkk ium`nrskmn gkr

prnvbkus systnms, ojh irnotnh gromnwkrcs tfot kptbmbzn Qorntk nggbibnjiy grkm

oj Nikjkmbi ojh Ykibod stojhpkbjt. ^snrs rnjt rkkms kj Obr`j` grkm tfnbr gnddkw

moj bjstnoh kg o ikrpkrotbkj, ojh orrojln rbhns grkm nvnrykjns prbvotn hrbvnr

wbtf `nr. Xfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty fos rkcnj hkwj `orrbnrs ojh bjirnosnhtrojspornjiy, tfnrn`y bjirnosbjl nmpotfy ojh tfus sognty. @y ujhnrstojhbjl tfn

ktfnrwbsn fbhhnj vorbo`dns, gnor bs hbmbjbsfnh3 nmpotfy gkr ykur gnddkw moj

bjirnosns, ojh sognty bs oifbnvnh. ^`nr ojh Obr`j` fovn utbdbznh tfbs jnwgkujh

bjhbvbhuod ossurojin kg tfnbr gnddkw moj, ojh tfn oiikmpojybjl tnifjkdkly tfot

njo`dns tfbs ikjjnitbvbty tk kptbmbzn Qorntk nggbibnjiy gkr tfn mkhnrj oln. Xfn


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vodun prkvbhnh `y ^`nr ojh Obr`j` bs nvbhnjt, `ut dows irnotnh `y tfn dk``ybjl

kg prnvbkus ikrpkrotbkjs ojh gromnwkrcs fovn irnotnh orrbnrs bj krhnr tk

mobjtobj pksbtbkj ojh moxbmbzn prkgbt. Xfnsn dows, wfbif orn njoitnh tk `nst

snrvn tfn pnkpdn, jnnh tk n ohoptnh bj krhnr tk njgkrin wfot tfny wnrn

krblbjoddy irnotnh gkr. Lkvnrjmnjt, gkr tfn pnkpdn y tfn pnkpdn, fos o

rnspkjsb`bdbty tk mobjtobj o pksbtbkj gkr tfn nst bjtnrnst kg bts ikjstbtunjts. @y

prnvnjtbjl tnifjkdklbiod gromnwkrcs grkm kptbmbzbjl kur skibnty grkm o

nikjkmbi ojh skibod stojhpkbjt wn ikujtnroit tfn vbrtuns wn strbvn gkr.

Xfbs popnr wbdd prkvbhn oj bj-hnptf nxombjotbkj kg tfn iurrnjt dnlod

njvbrkjmnjt, ojh hnmkjstrotn tfn vodun irnotnh `y ^`nr ojh Obr`j` tk eustbgy

tfn ohoptotbkj kg dnlbsdotbkj. Xfn vodun bs hnrbvnh grkm hyjombi prbibjl, pnnr-tk

pnnr nxifojln, ojh tfn rnhuitbkj kg pfysbiod grbitbkj.

Ynitbkj ?wbdd prkvbhn tfn gromnwkrc gkr ujhnrstojhbjl Qorntk Nggbibnjiy, ojh tfn

woys bj wfbif bt wbdd y kptbmbznh tfrkulf tfn tnifjkdklbns prkvbhnh y `nr ojh

Obr`j`, odkjlsbhn tfn skibod dojhsiopn tfot njo`dns suif prklrnss.

Ynitbkj 0wbdd ojodyzn tfn dnlod njvbrkjmnjt ktf hkmnstbioddy ojh

bjtnrjotbkjoddy. Xfn snitbkj wbdd prbmorbdy gkius kj tfn dows `nr ojh Obr`j` orn

ibriumvnjtbjl, ojh tfn rotbkjod gkr hkbjl sk ujhnr tfn gromnwkrc kg Qorntk

Nggbibnjiy.

Ynitbkj 9wbdd hbsiuss tfn nikjkmbi ojh skibod dojhsiopn kg tfn iurrnjt stotn kg

oggobrs. Xfbs snitbkj wbdd hnmkjstrotn woys bj wfbif tnifjkdklbiod prklrnssbkj bs

oiindnrotbjl nykjh tfn o`bdbty kg lkvnrjmnjtod dnlbsdotbkj ohoptotbkj. Bt wbdd

hnsirb`n fkw ^`nr ojh Obr`j` fovn `nnj njo`dnh `y kur iurrnjt skibnty, ojh

fkw tfnsn hbsruptbjl ikmpojbns fovn `rkulft tk surgoin tfn jnnh gkr

lkvnrjmnjtod ifojln bj krhnr tk mobjtobj lrkwtf ojh oifbnvn Qorntk Nggbibnjiy

bj odd hkmobjs.

Ynitbkj 8wbdd lbvn oiclrkujh tk tfn dnohnrs, ojh tfn mbjhsnt kg tfbs jnw rnnh

kg vnjturn iopbtod oicnh tnifjkdklbiod ikmpojbns. Xfbs snitbkj prkvbhns oj bj-

hnptf dkkc ot tfn toitbis nmpdkynh y tfnsn fujlry njtrnprnjnurbod stort-ups ojh

tfnbr prklrnssbkj bjtk tfn mobjstrnom. B wbdd sfkw fkw dnohnrsfbp, ojh ikmpojy


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vbsbkj fos prkvbhnh dosnr-dbcn lkods jk mottnr tfn k`stoidns. Fkw vnjturn iopbtod

fos njo`dnh tfnsn ikmpojbns tk hngy tfn jkrm, ojh wfy tfny orn jkw tkk `bl tk

bljkrn.

Ynitbkj >wbdd hnod wbtf tfn vodun tfot `nr ojh Obr@j@ prkvbhn. Bt wbdd hnod wbtfwfot jnnhs tfny gbdd, ojh fkw tfnsn jnnhs `njngbt odd portbns. Fkw tfn tnifjkdkly

fos njo`dnh `ktf ikmpojbns tk spur ikpyiots tfrkulfkut tfn wkrdh, ojh fkw tfbs

tnifjkdkly fos rnhuinh grbitbkj bj odd ornos. Xfbs rnhuinh grbitbkj wbdd `n mnosurnh

quojtbtotbvndy os wndd os quodbtotbvndy. @ktf ornos wbdd hnmkjstrotn wfy tfbs jnw

gromnwkrc fos pksbtbvn rnpnriussbkjs gkr tfn usnrs, ojh skibnty os o wfkdn.

Ynitbkj 7wbdd ikm`bjn tfn prkpnrtbns kg Qorntk Nggbibnjiy wbtf `ktf ikmpojbns bj

rnlorhs tk tfn prklrnssbkj kg vodun irnotnh. Bt wbdd syjtfnsbzn tfn tnifjkdklbiod

ospnits tfot njo`dn tfbs prklrnss, ojh lbvn rotbkjod os tk wfy dnlbsdotbkj wbdd

ikjgkrm tk tfn jnw stojhorhs kjin vodun fos `nnj hnmkjstrotnh ohnquotndy.

Ynitbkj


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tfot skibnty fos `nikmn spnibodbznh tk oj ujbmolbjo`dn hnlrnn, ojh tfot tfn

bjo`bdbty tk syjtfnsbzn odd ornos bs wfot dnohs tk irnotbjl oj bjnggbibnjt

lkvnrjmnjtod systnm. Fn orluns bj fbs Moljus Kpus, tfot o Ypkjtojnkus Krhnr

grkm tfn grnn morcnt ioj prklrnss tkworhs kur nikjkmbi bhnods. Xfot wn must lk

olobjst kur joturod tnjhnjibns tk mojoln bj o lkvnrjmnjtod stojin bj krhnr tk

oifbnvn wfot wn try tk oifbnvn tfrkulf mojolnmnjt. Xk oifbnvn tfn bhnodbznh

pnrgnitbkj kg bjgkrmotbkj moy jkt `n pkssb`dn tfrkulf ojy kjn bjhbvbhuod, kr

pnrfops ikddnitbvndy tfrkulf tfn grnn morcnt, ut prklrnss bs pkssb`dn.

Bjtnrjnt, idkuh stkroln, ojh `bl hoto fovn njo`dnh bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kj oj

bjikmprnfnjsb`dn siodn. Xrojspornjiy bj odd ornos fos `rkulft o`kut tfn

pkssb`bdbty tk oifbnvn o Qorntk Nggbibnjt skibnty wn strbvn gkr. Bj tkhoys skibnty wn

fovn tfn pkwnr tk ujhnrstojh tfn hyjombis kg tfbjls prnvbkusdy fbhhnj. \n iojsnn tfrkulf tfn nyns kg ktfnrs. \n ioj snn tfn pnrskjodbtbns tfrkulf tfn

ikddnitbkj kg odd tfot tfny orn. Xfrkulf tfn ojodysbs kg tfnbr skibod jntwkrc, tfnbr

njtnrtobjmnjt, ojh tfnbr ikursns kg stuhy, odd kg us fovn tfn pktnjtbod tk

ujhnrstojh kjn ojktfnr. Os wn ujhnrstojh kjn ojktfnr wn nlbj tk lobj

nmpotfy. Xfbs nmpotfy rnhuins tfn gnor ojh ojxbnty bj tfn prnsnjin kg ktfnrwbsn

strojlnrs. \n fovn `nnj njlrobjnh wbtf tfn nvkdutbkjory iopo`bdbty tk nmpotfbzn

ojh `n odtrubstbi, `ut wbtfbj kur trb`n. Xfbs mkhnrj trb`n fos `nnj nxtnjhnh

vbrtuoddy tk tfn njtbrn wkrdh, ojh wbtf tfot pkwnr wn ioj oifbnvn wkjhnrgud

tfbjls gkr tfn nttnrmnjt kg odd. \n ioj oifbnvn o Qorntk Nggbibnjt systnm kg

oddkiotbkj.

^`nr ojh Obr@j@ fovn ujhnrstkkh tfbs jnw trnjh kg skibod ikmmujbiotbkj. Xfny

fovn bmpdnmnjtnh tfnbr tnifjkdklbns tk njo`dn tfn bjirnosnh nmpotfy kg moj bj

twk ornos. Obr@j@ fovn oddkwnh ojykjn tk fkst ojktfnr bj tfnbr prbvotn fkmn.

^`nr fos oddkwnh ojykjn tk hrbvn ojktfnr bj tfnbr prbvotn ior. Xfn

ujhnrstojhbjl kg ykur gnddkw moj, prkvbhnh y tfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg tfnbjtnrjnt, fos mbtblotnh gnor ojh njo`dnh sognty. \btf tfbs skibod ojh tnifjkdklbiod

prklrnssbkj tfnsn twk moekr ikmpojbns fovn irnotnh gromnwkrcs tk oifbnvn

Qorntk Nggbinjiy ojh prkvbhn bmmnjsn vodun tk odd portbns.


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Xfn grkjtbnr dbjn bs hnmkjstrotbvn kg Kptbmod Qorntk Nggbibnjiy. Bt bs tfn pnrgnit

oddkiotbkj kg rnskurins. Xfbs bs bmpkssb`dn bj tfn rnod wkrdh niousn kg tfn

bjo`bdbty gkr motfnmotbiod pnrgnitbkj, `ut tfn lop ikudh `n idksnh upkj. Xfnsn

bmpnrgnitbkjs orn o rnsudt kg rblbhbtbns. @y nm`roibjl tnifjkdkly, `nr ojh Obr`j`


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fovn irnotnh vodun tfrkulf tfn mbjbmbzotbkj kg grbitbkj ojh tfn moxbmbzotbkj

kg fumoj ojh iopbtod rnskurins. Os wn `nikmn mkrn Qorntk Nggbibnjt bt `nikmns

mkrn prk`o`dn tk oifbnvn o stotn kg bjirnosbjl rndotbvn bjnquodbty. Xfbs

trojspornjt bjnquodbty irnotns skibod uprbsn kvnr gobrjnss `ut bs mbtblotnh y

oj kvnrodd sfbgt bs XKXOD WOD^N. Xfksn goitkrs kg eustbin ojh gobrjnss, os

nxpkujhnh `y Grbnhrbif Foync, sfkudh jkt prnvnjt Qorntk Nggbibnjiy, `niousn

hkbjl sk wkudh rnjhnr skibnty wkrsn kgg bj tfn dkjl ruj.

Ynitbkj 05 Dnlod Njvbrkjmnjt

Xfn dnlod njvbrkjmnjt tfot `nr ojh Obr@j@ kpnrotn ujhnr vorbns grkm

mujbibpodbty, ibty, stotn, ikujtry, tk ikjtbjnjt. Xfn lkvnrjmnjtod hbsgujitbkj

stnms grkm o prnvbkus lnjnrotbkj jkt `kujhnh `y tfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg

bjgkrmotbkj, ojh bjtnroitbkj. Bt fos dollnh `nfbjh os tnifjkdkly fos oiindnrotnh

`nykjh tfn iopo`bdbtbns kg lkvnrjmnjtod ohoptotbkj. Xfbs hbifktkmy fos rnsudtnh

bj bjnggbibnjibns, ikjgusbkj, ojh grbitbkj. Lkvnrjmnjtod dnlbsdotbkj ioj jk dkjlnr

prkpnrdy pnrgkrm bts gujitbkj, wfbif bs tk prkvbhn wfot bs `nst gkr bts

ikjstbtunjts. Xfbs bjo`bdbty, fblfdblftnh `y Foync, fos `nnj bddumbjotnh tfnsn post

ikupdn ynors, ojh moekr ifojln tk tfn gujhomnjtod gromnwkrc must tocn pdoin bj

krhnr tk oifbnvn tfn vbrtuns wn strbvn gkr os o fumoj spnibns.

Odtfkulf tfnrn orn tfkusojhs kg hbsirnpojibns `ntwnnj tfn bjtnroitbkjs kg

tfnsn dows, moekr ikmmkjodbtbns orn gkujh. Gkr ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ tfn prk`dnm

rnsts kj jkt kpnrotbjl wbtf tfn somn bjsurojin, ojh dbinjsns tfot tfn trohbtbkjod

snrvbins rnqubrn. Xfbs ibriumvnjtbjl kg pfysbiod grbitbkj oddkws ktf ikmpojbns,

ojh bts nmpdkynns ojh iustkmnrs tk rninbvn o gor supnrbkr prkhuit ojh snrvbin bj

oiikrhojin tk Qorntk Nggbibnjiy ojh vodun irnotbkj. `nr kpnrotns bj vbrtuoddy

tfn somn iopoibty os tfn toxb io` bjhustry, ojh Obr@j@ kpnrotns os o sfkrt tnrm

rnjtod spoin bj tfn somn mojjnr kg fktnds. Xfn orlumnjt `y `ktf ikmpojbns bs

tfot bt hknsjt. Bt hknsjt niousn tfn trohbtbkjod dows hkjt oppdy tk tfnbr iosn.

Xfny orn jkt tfn toxb bjhustry, ojh tfny orn jkt tfn fktnd bjhustry. Xfnsn orn o

spnibod iosn jkt ynt ujhnrstkkh ojh oiikujtnh gkr y iurrnjt dnlbsdotbkj. Xfn

hbsirnpojiy ikmns grkm tfn goit tfot ^`nr hkns jkt kwj tfn iors, kr

nmpdkynn tfn hrbvnrs. Obr@j` hkns jkt kwj tfn dkiotbkj sfopns, jkr hkns bt


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nmpdkynnbts idbnjts. Xfnsn ikmpojbns orn mnrndy goibdbtotkrs kg olrnnmnjts.

Xfny kpnrotn ujhnr tfn jktbkj kg oifbnvbjl tfn bhnods kg o grnn morcnt skibnty.

\fnrn tfnrn bs pnrgnit bjgkrmotbkj, suppdy ojh hnmojh nqubdb`rbum, ojh rnhuinh

grbitbkj. @y kwjbjlojy port tfnsn ikmpojbns wkudh dol nfbjh, ojh n

ujo`dn tk gkius kj tfnbr rkdn. Xfnbr rkdn bs tk fndp oifbnvn Qorntk Nggbibnjiy y

gkiusbjl tfnbr nggkrts kj utbdbzbjl tnifjkdkly tk oddkiotn rnskurins kptbmoddy.

Eurbshbitbkjs orkujh tfn wkrdh fovn bssunh ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ inosn-ojh-hnsbst

dnttnrs, ojh tfrnots kg dowsubts. Xfnsn k`stoidns fovn nnj rnspkjhnh tk, mkstdy,

`y bljkrbjl tfn bssun. Bjjkvotbkjs bj tnifjkdkly tfot tfrnotnjs tfn iurrnjt

dnlbsdotbvn systnm, dk``bnh gkr y prnvbkus ikrpkrotbkjs, fovn odwoys nnj mnt

wbtf kppksbtbkj. Xfbs joturod kiiurrnjin sfkudh jkt hntnr bjjkvotbkj tfot irnotns

vodun ojh bmprkvns skibnty os o wfkdn. Xfn orrbnrs fovn `nnj qubtn dbtnroddy

ruj kvnr `y tfnsn vnjturn òicnh ikmpojbns. ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ jkw fovn jkt

kjdy prkvnj tfnbr vodun irnotbkj, ùt odsk fovn tfn iopbtod ojh orsnjod tk òttdn

ojy gkrm kg k`struitbkj. Xfnsn Wnjturn òicnh ikmpojbns fovn tfn rnskurins tk

rnvkdutbkjbzn tfn wkrdh bj wfbif wn dbvn bj. Ikmpojbns tfrkulfkut tfn wkrdh fovn

tocnj tfn tnifjkdkly grkm `nr ojh Obr@j@ ojh rnpdbiotnh bts snrvbin bj tfnbr

rnspnitnh orno. Xk lbvn skmn pnrspnitbvn, rnpkrts soy `nr bs robsbjl iopbtod ot o

81 @bddbkj hkddor voduotbkj. Xfot bs 81x tfn voduotbkj eust ?6 mkjtfs olk. Obr@j@ bs

vodunh ot ?9 @bddbkj. Xfnsn ikmpojbns orn `ktf 7 ynors kdh. Xfbs wor ifnst kg kvnr

? @bddbkj bj dbqubh M? oddkws tfnm tk nxpojh ojh hkmbjotn tfnbr rnspnitnh

bjhustry.

Xfn Ykibod Nikjkmy Qyrombh5 Rnors tk Pnoif ?1 @bddbkj Woduotbkj Morc


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Xfn bssun rnsts kj dbo`bdbty. Os prbvotn ikjsudtojts tfn ikmpojbns ikjtnst

tfot tfn dbo`bdbty kutsbhn kg tfn snrvbin tfny prkvbhn bs kj tfn bjhbvbhuod. Xfny orn

jkt nmpdkynns, jkr bs tfnbr prkpnrty kwjnh y tfn ikmpojbns. Xfn trohbtbkjod

dnlbsdotbvn mkdh jnnhs tk ohopt tk tfn mkhnrj niksystnm, ojh `n ikljbzojt kg tfn

vodun irnotnh y tfnsn twk hbsruptbjl ikmpojbns. Xfn toxb-io` kdblkpkdy ojh tfn

fuln orrbnrs tk njtry tfot ikmn wbtf tfn fktnd ojh toxb bjhustry prnvnjts

bjjkvotbkj tfot prkvbhn vodun tk oddportbns. Xfnsn kdblkpkdbns orn rkktnh bj tfn

pfysbiod hkmobj, ojh os o rnsudt fovn grbitbkj prnsnjt tfot prnvnjt Qorntk

Nggbibnjiy. Xfn gbxnh suppdy kg toxbs bj moekr ibtbns, odkjlsbhn tfn gbxnh prbin

irnotns grbitbkj. Xfbs grbitbkj bs jkt os prnsnjt bj tfn fktnd bjhustry `niousn kg

oiikmpojybjl tnifjkdkly tfot irnotns motifns. Xfnsn ikmpojbns dbcn Coyoc,

Qrbindbjn, nti prkvbhn bmmnjsn vodun tk tfn fktnd bjhustry, ut Obr@j@ kpnrotns bj

o poroddnd bjhustry. Xfny orn tfn @btikbj kg tfn trohbtbkjod sfkrt tnrm rnjtod spoin.

Xfny fovn njo`dnh o trun pnnr-tk-pnnr morcnt `osnh kj prbvotn prkpnrty kj o

ldk`od siodn ojh mnrndy goibdbtotnh trojsoitbkjs. Xfbs pnnr-tk-pnnr morcntpdoin

jnnhs tk ohnquotndy motif ojh ikjjnit portbns bj vnry tbmn ojh dkiotbkj

snjsbtbvn ornjos. Xfot bs tfn gujitbkj kg tfnsn skgtworn ikmpojbns. Xfny tocn

rnskurins ojh iopbtod ojh oddkw tfnm tk rnoif Qorntk Nggbibnjiy.

Os gkr rnludotbkjs gkr Dbvnry Wnfbidns, Bt bs ujdowgud gkr ojy pnrskj tk hrbvn o pu`dbi

possnjlnr vnfbidn nqubppnh wbtf o mntnr wfbif rnlbstnrs o iforln kg ojy cbjh.

Ifbiolk Mujb. Ikhn 2-??8-171.Dbvnry Wnfbidn mnojs o pu`dbipossnjlnr vnfbidn

gkr fbrn kjdy ot o iforln gbxnh y olrnnmnjt bj ohvojin. Ifbiolk Mujbibpod Ikhn

2-??8-061.

Bj Ifbiolk, ujhnr dkiod krhbjojin, bt bs ujdowgud gkr ojy pnrskj ktfnr tfoj o dbvnry

dbinjsnn kr fbs olnjt tk rnprnsnjt tk tfn pu`dbi tfot fn rnjhnrs dbvnry snrvbin. Ifb.

Mujb. Ikhn 2- ??8-101 (i). Ohhbtbkjoddy, bj Ifbiolk, jk hbspotif snrvbin moy snrvn

`ktf toxbio` ojh dbvnry dbinjsn fkdhnrs. Ibty kg Ifbiolk Pudns ojh Pnludotbkjs gkrPohbk Hbspotif Ynrvbins Pudn Jk. 9.

Xfbs bs tfn Rnddkw Lrkup dowsubt olobjst `nr usbjl tfn Dojfom oit. O porty bs

dbo`dn ujhnr 89(o)(?)(O) ojh (@) kg Dojfom Oit, gkr5 (O) godsn rnprnsnjtotbkjs

ikjinrjbjl tfn krblbj, osskibotbkj kr njhkrsnmnjt kg lkkh kr snrvbins tfrkulf tfn


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wrkjlgud usn kg ojktfnrs hbstbjitbvn morc, jomn, trohn hrnss kr ktfnr hnvbin(@)

godsn rnprnsnjtotbkjs bj ohvnrtbsbjl ikjinrjbjl tfn quodbtbns kg lkkh kr snrvbins. O

porty rbjlbjl subt ujhnr Dojfom Oit must ossnrt o hbsinrjb`dn ikmpntbtbvn bjeury.

\btfkut oj bjeury, pdobjtbgg doics stojhbjl. `nr bjvkcns Morvnddkus Hoy Ndni. (Y.U.)

Ik., Dth. v. Oin Forhworn Ikrpkrotbkj. `nr bs kj hbggnrnjt dnvnd kg hbstrbùtbkjifobjQdobjtbggs bjiduhn toxb dbinjsnns, toxb oggbdbotbkjs, ojh o dbvnry snrvbin.^`nr

bs o skgtworn ikmpojy ojh o dbinjsnh rohbk hbspotif snrvbin ojh, os suif, puts

mnm`nrs kg tfn pu`dbi snncbjl trojspkrtotbkj bj tkuif wbtf dbinjsnh toxb ojh

`doic ior hrbvnrs.

\fntfnr `nr fos vbkdotnh ojy mujbibpod rnludotbkjs bs oj bssun squorndy gkr

olnjiy ikjsbhnrotbkj ojh rnskdutbkj.@niousn olnjiy hnibsbkjs orn grnqunjtdy kg

o hbsirntbkjory joturn kr grnqunjtdy rnqubrn nxpnrtbsn, tfn olnjiy sfkudh n lbvnj

tfn gbrst ifojin tk nxnribsn tfot hbsirntbkj kr tk oppdy tfot nxpnrtbsn.Olnjibnssuif os Ifbiolk Hnportmnjt kg @usbjnss Oggobrs ojh Ikjsumnr Qrktnitbkj sfkudh

bjtnrprnt kr wrbtn jnw rudns.

^`nrs osbi orlumnjt bs tfot tfny orn hbggnrnjt grkm o toxb ikmpojy, ojh kj o

hbggnrnjt dnvnd kg tfn hbstrbùtbkj ifobj. Xfus, yku iojjkt sun ujhnr Dojfom Oit.

\n orn sk hbggnrnjt, tfot rnludotkry khbns hk jkt cjkw fkw tk oppdy tfnbr

nxbstbjl mujbibpod rnludotbkjs tk `nr. Xfus, olnjibns jnnh tk rnwrbtn tfnbr

rnludotbkjs.

^`nr fovn ujhnrstkkh tfn rkdn tfny must fovn bj pkdbtbis bj krhnr tk oifbnvn

oiinptojin bj ktf tfn dkiod ojh gnhnrod dnvnd. Xfny fbrnh Hovbh Qdkuggn, Kòmos

iompoblj mojolnr ojh o pkdbtbiod strotolnst, bj krhnr tk dnoh tnoms bjtk tfn

pkdbtbiod dojhsiopn. ^`nr fos tk ikjvbjin dnlbsdotkrs ojh tfn pu`dbi tfot tfnbr

snrvbin bs prkvbhbjl bmmnjsn vodun tk odd portbns, ojh mocbjl skibnty nttnr kgg

grkm tfnbr nggkrts. Xfot tfn bssuns kg bjsurojin ojh dbinjsns orn jkt tfn somn os

trohbtbkjod systnms, ojh tfot tfny must `n ohoptnh tk `nttnr subt tfbs mkhnrjnjvbrkjmnjt.

Hovbh Qdkuggn sobh,

^`nr fos tfn ifojin tk `n o kjin bj o hniohn bg jkt o kjin bj o lnjnrotbkj

ikmpojy. Kg ikursn, tfot pksns o tfrnot tk skmn, ojh Bvn wotifnh os tfn toxb


10/31


bjhustry iortnd fos trbnh tk stojh bj tfn woy kg tnifjkdkly ojh bl ifojln.

^dtbmotndy, tfot opprkoif bs ujwbjjo`dn. @ut B dkkc gkrworh tk hkbjl wfot B ioj

rblft jkw tk njsurn hrbvnrs ojh rbhnrs orn jkt hnjbnh tfnbr kppkrtujbty gkr ifkbin

bj trojspkrtotbkj hun tk tfksn wfk wojt tk mobjtobj o mkjkpkdy ojh pdoy tfn

bjsbhn lomn tk hnjy kppkrtujbty tk tfksn kj tfn kutsbhn.

B ikudh jkt `n mkrn nxibtnh tk ekbj suif o vb`rojt ikmpojy ojh bts pnkpdn wfk

wbdd n ot tfn o`skdutn dnohbjl nhln kg tkmkrrkws bjjkvotbkjs ojh ifojlbjl

pnkpdns dbvns ojh tfnbr ibtbns gkr tfn `nttnr. Bt wbdd `n o prbvbdnln tk eump bj tfn

gkxfkdn wbtf tfn tnom ot tfbs lrnot stortup ojh lnt tk wkrc.

^`nr fos ruj bjtk skmn ikjtrkvnrsy ogtnr oj nxniutbvn tkdh rnpkrtnrs fn sfkudh

fbrn tk gbjh hbrt kj tfn ekurjodbsts rnpkrtbjl pktnjtboddy homolbjl idobms.


11/31


Xfbs summory hntobds woys ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ hnod wbtf rnludotkry

k`enitbkjs robsnh bj sndnit eurbshbitbkjs orkujh tfn wkrdh.

oppnodbjl hbrnitdy tk tfn rndnvojt outfkrbty tk ifojln tfn rnludotbkj

prnssurbjl tfn dkiod ikmmujbty tk oppnod tk tfn rndnvojt outfkrbty

tnmpkrorbdy kr pnrmojnjtdy wbtfhrowbjl tfn prkhuit grkm tfn morcnt

ifojlbjl tfn prkhuit tk ikmpdy wbtf tfn rnludotbkj

ifoddnjlbjl tfn rnludotbkj bj ikurt, ojh bj skmn iosns ikjtbjubjl tk njloln bj

tfn ifoddnjlnh ikjhuit, kr

poybjl gbjns wfbdn ikjtbjubjl ikjhuit tfot ikjtrovnjns tfn rnludotbkj

Xfn dost twk iosns moy `n wfy bt oppnors tfot ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ orn ikjtbjubjl tkkpnrotn hnspbtn tfn dow.

Xfn Ybjlopkrn lkvnrjmnjt fos rnspkjhnh tk tfn rbsn kg `nr, Lro`Xoxbojh ktfnr

jnw toxb-opp snrvbins y bjtrkhuibjl jnw rnludotbkjs(pu`dbsfnh o gnw hoys olk

kj Jkv 0?, 01?8) tfrkulf tfn Dojh Xrojspkrt Outfkrbty (DXO) nggnitbvn _0 01?>5

Xfnsn rnludotbkjs fovn ikmn o`kut ogtnr o ynor-dkjl ikjsudtotbkj wbtf vorbkus

lrkups5 ikmmutnrs, tfn Jotbkjod Xoxb Osskibotbkj, tfbrh-porty toxb `kkcbjl

snrvbins ojh toxb ikmpojbns.

Xfny'dd rnqubrn rnlbstrotbkj kg snrvbins, prkvbsbkj kg iustkmnr snrvbin, ioppnh gnns,

dbinjsnh toxbs ojh hrbvnrs.

Xfn nggnitbvn ifojln mocns tfnsn toxb opps kpnrotn eust dbcn rnludor toxbs5 jk prn-

trbp tbppbjl, jkt oddkwbjl prn-spnibgbnh hnstbjotbkjs, nti.

Qort kg tfn rnoskj bs ikjsumnr sognty ojh bjtnrnsts, nspniboddy tk oddkw tfnm tk

rnmobj nquoddy oiinssb`dn tk odd mnm`nrs kg tfn pu`dbi, ojh prnvnjt ifkksyhrbvnrs.

Xfn DXO bs lbvbjl njkulf tbmn (mkrn tfoj 7 mkjtfs) gkr tfnsn toxb snrvbins tk

`nikmn ikmpdbojt tk tfnsn jnw rnludotbkjs.
http://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singaporehttp://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singaporehttp://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singaporehttp://www.quora.com/How-is-Uber-doing-in-Singapore


12/31


GkrObr`j`,`ktf tfn Fkusbjl Hnvndkpmnjt @korh (FH@) ojh ^ròj

Pnhnvndkpmnjt Outfkrbty (^PO) fovn spnibgbi rnludotbkjs ojh lubhndbjns olobjst

sfkrt-tnrm rnjtods ujhnr 7 mkjtfs.

Xfn rnoskjs lbvnj orn tfot "FH@ gdots orn mnojt gkr kwjnr-kiiupotbkj" ojh

"moekrbty fkmnkwjnrs prngnr tk rntobj tfn rnsbhnjtbod joturn kg tfnbr prkpnrtbns.

Oddkwbjl rnsbhnjins tk n usnh gkr sfkrt stoys dnohs tk fblf turjkvnrs kg

kiiupojts, ojh lbvns rbsn tk jubsojin ojh sognty ikjinrjs."

Njgkrinmnjt kg tfnsn rnludotbkjs fovn jkt `nnj hkjn olobjst Obr`j` ùt olobjst

tfn fkmnkwjnrs wfk dbst tfnbr prkpnrtbns kj tfnsn sbtns.

@ktf tfn FH@ ojh ^PO njikuroln "gnnhòic kj ojy suspnitnh iosns kgujoutfkrbznh su`dnttbjl" y ojy mnm`nr kg tfn pu`dbi.

Kvnr tfn post gnw ynors, tfny'vn `nnj bjvnstblotbjl fujhrnhs kg ikmpdobjts ojh

vbkdotbkjs kg tfbs skrt, rnsudtbjl bj mojy worjbjls. Qnjodtbns ojh ikjgbsiotbkjs

Ybjlopkrn bs oj bmmnjsn ohoptbvn skibnty tfot wbdd fovn moekr bmpdbiotbkjs gkr

dnlbsdotbkj orkujh tfn wkrdh. Yoj Grojsbsik fovn rninjtdy possnh tfn Obr`j`

dow.

Xfn dow oddkws kjdy pnrmojnjt rnsbhnjts tk kggnr sfkrt-tnrm rnjtods, nsto`dbsfns o

jnw ibty rnlbstry gkr fksts, mojhotns tfn ikddnitbkj kg fktnd tox, dbmbts njtbrn-

fkmn rnjtods tk 21 hoys pnr ynor, rnqubrns noif dbstbjl tk iorry $>11,111 bj

dbo`bdbty bjsurojin, ojh nsto`dbsfns lubhndbjns gkr njgkrinmnjt `y tfn

Qdojjbjl

Hnportmnjt.Xfn mnosurn, wfbif possnh . Ifbu ( @korh prnsbhnjt) ojh ktfnr supnrvbskrs sobh tfny skulft o òdojin

`ntwnnj prnsnrvbjl oggkrho`dn fkusbjl `y mocbjl surn dojhdkrhs iojt ikjvnrt

pnrmojnjt ujbts tk mkrn-duirotbvn voiotbkj rnjtods ojh oddkwbjl rnsbhnjts tk

norj nxtro bjikmn y rnjtbjl tk trovndnrs. \n ioj prktnit kur ibtys fkusbjl ujbts

grkm nbjl ikjvnrtnh tk fktnds, wfbdn odsk oddkwbjl sfkrt-tnrm rnjtods kj o

dbmbtnh òsbs tk fndp rnsbhnjts oggkrh tk stoy bj tfnbr fkmns, Ifbu sobh bj o

stotnmnjt ogtnr tfn vktn.
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13/31


Obr`j` fos sobh bt wbdd stort ikddnitbjl ojh rnmbttbjl tfn fktnd tox tfbs mkjtf,

skmntfbjl Ifbu sobh wos spurrnh y fbs dnlbsdotbkj. Bt sfkudh rbjl ot dnost $??

mbddbkj o ynor tk ibty ikggnrs.

Bj Jnw Rkrc Mr. Yifjnbhnrmoj (Jnw Rkrc Ottkrjny Lnjnrod) ojh ibty rnludotkrswbdd odsk ojjkujinh o ekbjt njgkrinmnjt bjbtbotbvn tk sfut hkwj bddnlod fktnds.

Worbkus rnludotkrs wbdd bjvnstblotn vbkdotbkjs kg ùbdhbjl ojh sognty ikhns ojh tox

rnludotbkjs.

Ojykjn kpnrotbjl oj bddnlod fktnd sfkudh n kj jktbin tfot tfn stotn ojh ibty wbdd

tocn ollrnssbvn njgkrinmnjt oitbkjs bj tfbs orno, sobh Mr. Yifjnbhnrmoj. O sdbic

ohvnrtbsbjl iompoblj hknsjt ifojln tfn goit tfot tfbs bs bddnlod oitbvbty.

Obr@j@ fos lrkwj tk njkrmkus dnvnds bj moekr ibtbns, ojh tk ikmpdntndy nrohbiotntfbs snrvbin bs bmpkssb`dn ot tfbs pkbjt. Mr.Yifjnbhnrmoj idobms tfot 8 ujbqun pdoins bj Jnw Rkrc. Xfbs fuln

hbsirnpojiy hnmkjstrotns tfot tfn Obr`j`s idobm tfot bt, oddkws dkjltbmn

rnsbhnjts tk stoy bj tfnbr fkmns y norjbjl eust o dbttdn nxtro mkjny tk fndp mocn

njhs mnnt, bs wrkjl. Bjhbvbhuods orn oitbjl os hn goitk fktnds wbtfkut tfn ohhnh

rnludotbkj, dbinjsns, ojh toxns. Xfnsn idobms snnm tk n oiiurotn, ojh orn

hnmkjstrotbvn kg tfn Qorntk idobm tfot 61% kg tfn rnsudts orn grkm 01% kg tfn

bjputs. Xfnsn orn joturod kiiurrnjins, ùt kjns tfot fovn `nnj turjnh bjtk

rnoskjs tk rnstrbit inrtobj gkrms kg tfn snrvbin. Jnw Rkrc fos ynt tk ikmpdntndy

bjstbtutn o jnw dow, kr njgkrin bts dnlbsdotbkj sk tfn jnxt gnw mkjtfs sfkudh n

bjtnrnstbjl.

Ynitbkj 95 Nikjkmbi, tnifjkdklbiod, ojh Ykibod Dojhsiopn

Xkhoys mkhnrj ldkòd skibnty fos `nnj njo`dnh tk gdkurbsf `y tfn

bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg tfn bjtnrjnt. Xfbs bjgkrmotbkjod trojsoitbkj hkns jkt lorjnr

tfn somn pfysbiod ikjstrobjts kg tfn prnvbkus mkhnd. Oddkwbjl ikjjnitbvbty tk tocn

pdoin kj tfbs ldkòd dnvnd `bjhs us tklntfnr. \btf tfbs `kjhbjl wn ioj nxifojln

bjgkrmotbkj ojh bhnos tk irnotn skmntfbjl prnvbkusdy bmpkssb`dn. \n cjkw fovn

tfn pktnjtbod tk oiinss odd kg fbstkrbns bhnos ot kur gbjlnrtbps. \n ioj


14/31


ikmmujbiotn oirkss tfn wkrdh bj rnod tbmn. \n ioj irkwh gujh kur bjhbvbhuod

bhnos ojh lotfnr iopbtod grkm o hbvnrsn lrkup kg pnkpdn. \n ioj trojsmbt

mkjntory vodun, ojh ujhnrstojh kursndvns tfrkulf tfn ujhnrstojhbjl kg ktfnrs.

Qoymnjt trojsoitbkj ojh oiiurotn LQY bs bjvoduo`dn gkr `nr. Xfny rndy upkj tfbsos tfn gkujhotbkj gkr tfnbr snrvbin. Bj krhnr tk prkvbhn tfn bmmnjsn vodun tk

iustkmnrs ojh hrbvnrs tfny must mbjbmbzn grbitbkj. Xfbs grbitbkj ikmns bj tfn gkrm

kg sdkw trojsoitbkjs grkm trohbtbkjod gromnwkrcs. Xfn toxb bjhustry stbdd rndbns kj

iosf, ojh sbjin tfny hkjt fovn o injtrodbznh gromnwkrc tfny sikwnr gkr

iustkmnrs. Xfbs sikwnrbjl wostns tbmn gkr ktf tfn hrbvnr ojh tfn iustkmnr. Xfbs

wostnh tbmn bs trojsdotnh bj wostnh iopbtod. Xfn ikkrhbjotbkj bs ium`nrskmn

ikmpornh tk ^`nrs tnifjkdkly. `nr ikkrhbjotnstfn portbns, tfny rnhuin

pfysbiod grbitbkj, ojh prkvbhn nggbibnjt ikmmujbiotbkj. Xfny usn Lormbj gkr LQY,Pnodtbmn/hbspotif systnms orn ubdt kj Jkhn.es ojh Pnhbs. @usbjnss dklbi odd dbvns

bj oj OQB ùbdt kj Qytfkj, MyY_D ojh Mkjlk. Irozy motf ojh sibnjin gkr NXOs,

hnmojh ojh suppdy prnhbitbkj bs odsk hkjn bj Qytfkj. \n`sbtns, bjiduhbjl dorln

ikhn osns gkr bjtnrjod kpnrotbkjs ojh portjnrs/hrbvnrs, orn kj @oic`kjn.es.

Kènitbvn-I ojh Eovo gkr tfn bQfkjn ojh Ojhrkbh opps.

Xfn tnifjkdklbiod stoic usnh `y tfnsn bjjkvotbvn ikmpojbns fovn njo`dnh tfnm

tk rnvkdutbkjbzn tfn gdkw ojh rnhuin grbitbkj. Xfbs bmprkvnmnjt bj odd ornosnjo`dnh y skgtworn ojh hoto fos irnotnh snrvbins tfot orn Qorntk Nggbibnjt. Odd kg

tfnsn bmprkvnmnjts ojh ifojlns bj tfn skibod dojhsiopn must fovn foppnjnh bj

krhnr gkr tfnsn ikmpojbns tk `n os bjgdunjtbod os tfny orn tkhoy. Xfbs 1 tk ?

ifojln bs rnoddy o ? tk J bg ojodyznh gurtfnr. Nvnrytfbjl bs ùbdhbjl kj tkp kg kjn

ojktfnr ojh sfbgts fkrbzkjtoddy foppnj wfnj odd tfn pbnins ikmn tklntfnr tk

irnotn skmntfbjl bjjkvotbvn.

@y utbdbzbjl tfn o`bdbty tk lotfnr lrnotnr omkujts kg rnskurins, fumoj iopbtod, ojh

bjgkrmotbkj wn ioj irnotn bmmnjsn vodun tfot ioj n sfornh. Xfbs bs

hnmkjstrotnh bj ikjinrts, ubdhbjls, obrpdojns, ojh brkjbioddy tfn bjtnrjnt. \n

lotfnr ojh irnotn skmntfbjl moenstbi tfot iojjkt n irnotnh y ojy kjn

bjhbvbhuod, ut tfot ioj n nquoddy sfornh kjin irnotnh. Xfbs utbdbzotbkj kg o moss

kg pktnjtbod irnotns tfbjls bmpkssb`dn wbtfkut tfn ekbjt nggkrt kg o ldkòd skibnty.


15/31


@kjhbjl Iopbtod5 gkrmotbkj kg strkjl tbns. Xfnrn bs o fblf hnlrnn kg

fkmklnjnbty, os bjhbvbhuods tnjh tk rnbjgkrin sfornh proitbins, jkrms ojh

sbmbdorbtbns.

@rbhlbjl Iopbtod5 gkrmotbkj kg wnoc tbns. Xfbs pkwnr ikmns grkm tfn o`bdbty tk

goibdbtotn trust y prkvbhbjl trojspornjiy bjtk tfn irnhb`bdbty kg bjhbvbhuods.

Dbjcbjl Ykibod Iopbtod5 gkrmotbkj kg dbjcs ntwnnj vnrtbioddy/fkrbzkjtoddy-

snporotnh lrkups. Xfbs bs tfn trojsoitbkj ojh vodun-iopturn sbhn kg tfn nquotbkj.

^`nr ojh Obr@j@ fovn tocnj tfn tnifjkdkly prnsnjt, ojh ikm`bjnh bt kj o ldk`od

pfysbiod dnvnd. Xfny fovn tocnj tfn kjdbjn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty ojh usnh bt tk


16/31


oddkiotn rnskurins kj oj ktfnrwbsn pfysbiod hkmobj. Xfny fovn irnotnh vodun `y

mocbjl tfn systnm Qorntk Nggbibnjt. Xfny rnhuinh tfn grbitbkj kg motifbjl suppdy

wbtf hnmojh kj strbitdy o pnnr-tk-pnnr pdojn. Xfbs sforbjl nikjkmy fos tfn

pktnjtbod tk mobjtobj tfn ohvojtolns kg fovbjl prbvotn prkpnrty wbtf tfn ohhnh

`njngbt kg sforbjl ujhnrutbdbznh rnskurins. Xfn kptbmbzotbkj kg prbvotn prkpnrty

ojh Qorntk Nggbibnjiy bs wfot `nr ojh Obr@j@ bs strbvbjl gkr.

Dkw-Ikst Qrkhuinr.Xfn bjium`njts fblf gbxnh ikst struiturn (wfbif prkvbhns

tfnm wbtf prkinss ojh siodn ikst ohvojtolns) bs `nikmbjl o ikmpntbtbvn

hbsohvojtoln os mojy trovndnrs fovn lrkwj tbrnh kg tfn bmpnrskjod nxpnrbnjin kg

stoybjl bj ikkcbn-iuttnr fktnds ojh tfn bjnggbibnjt ojh bmpnrskjod nxpnrbnjin kg

trovndbjl bj toxbs. Bj ikmporbskj, Ykibod Yforbjl ikmpojbns suif os Obr`j` ojh

^`nr orn tfn udtbmotn dkw-ikst prkhuinrs os tfny fovn idksn tk o znrk morlbjodikst mkhnd os tfny fovn tfn pktnjtbod tk irnotn bjgbjbtn suppdy y nmpkwnrbjl

bjhbvbhuods tk lnjnrotn bjikmn grkm ujhnr-utbdbznh pnrskjod ossnts (b.n. Qrkpnrty,

Qdojt, & Nqubpmnjt suif os o fkusn kr ior ojh Fumoj Iopbtod suif os prkpnrty

mojolnmnjt kr ifouggnurbjl snrvbins).

Fblf-Ywbtifbjl Iksts.Iustkmnrs orn jk dkjlnr fndh ioptbvn tk tfn bjium`njts

os Obr`j` ojh `nr jkw prnsnjt mkrn ottroitbvn ojh pnrskjod odtnrjotbvns.

Bjtojlb`dn Ossnts.Xfn vodun kg o `rojh jomn bs hnprnibotbjl os Obr`j` ojh

^`nr orn irnotbjl Dkjl Xobds bj trovnd y rnpdoibjl ortbgbibod bjstbtutbkjod trust wbtf

Ykibod Iopbtod `y hnmkirotbzbjl tfn tkkds kg prkhuitbkj ojh hbstrb`utbkj ojh

ikjjnitbjl suppdy ojh hnmojh y iopbtodbzbjl kj tfn gbdtnrbjl nggbibnjiy kg skibod

jntwkrc rnvbnws ojh goibdbtotbjl trust tfrkulf huod oiikujto`bdbty systnms (b.n.

`ktf tfn fksts ojh tfn lunsts rotn noif ktfnr).

Jntwkrc Nggnit.^jdbcn fktnd ojh toxb ikmpojbns tfot snnc tk ikjstrobj suppdy

tk cnnp prbins fblf, Obr`j` ojh `nr orn irnotbjl struiturod ossnts tfot opprnibotn

bj vodun os tfny ottroit mkrn ojh mkrn jnw fksts/hrbvnrs (b.n. suppdy) ojh

trovnddnrs (b.n. hnmojh) tk tfnbr pdotgkrm, dnohbjl tk tfn udtbmotn jntwkrc nggnit.

Iurrnjt dnlbsdotbkj orkujh tfn wkrdh bs prnvnjtbjl bjjkvotbkj tk tocn pdoin.

Lkvnrjmnjtod pnrsniutbkj kg rohbioddy hbggnrnjt gromnwkrcs, tfot moxbmbzn


17/31


18/31


bmpdnmnjtbjl snrvbins tfot njngbt odd portbns. Xfny ujhnrstojh tfn dkjl-tnrm

pktnjtbod bg tfny prkvbhn tfn mkst vodun. Xfny ujhnrstojh tfot tfn snrvbin tfny

prkvbhn must n krhnrs kg moljbtuhn nttnr tfoj tfn jnornst ikmpntbtbkj. Xfny

ikjtbjun tk fbrn bjirnhb`dn todnjt, bmprkvn odlkrbtfms ojh mntfkhkdkly, ojh

rnkrlojbzn struiturn tk moxbmbzn nggbibnjiy ojh irnotn vodun tfrkulf dnss grbitbkj.

Obr`j`s mbssbkj bs tk ujdkic ujbqun spoins wkrdhwbhn ojh bjgusn o snjsn kg

`ndkjlbjl ojh fkmn bjtk noif hnstbjotbkj. Xfn spoins orn mkrn tfoj eust o pdoin

tk sdnnp gkr o gnw jblfts, tfny orn pdoins tfot tndd tfn stkry kg tfn bjhbvbhuod dbvbjl

tfnrn. Xfnbr govkrbtn ikggnn sfkp, tfnbr pnrskjodbty, ojh tfnbr snjsn kg stydn bs

bjgusnh wbtfbj tfnbr fkmn ojh dkiotbkj. Xfbs irnotns oj otmkspfnrn tfot `kjhs

noif ktfnr tklntfnr. jhnrstojhbjl ykur gnddkw moj kj o mkrn bj-hnptf dnvnd bs

tfn cny tkworhs nmpotfbzbjl ojh gnndbjl sniurn. `nr obms tk ottobj tfn somngkrm kg iopbtod tfrkulf bts snrvbin. ^`nrV bs o woy kg pnrskjodbzbjl tfn nxpnrbnjin

kg lnttbjl tk ykur hnstbjotbkj. Xfn hrbvnrs orn fumojbznh, ojh tfn vnfbidns orn

rnludor iors. Xfbs oddkws tfn otmkspfnrn, odkjlsbhn tfn poymnjt systnm, ojh

motifbjl systnm tk nosn `ktf portbns. Xfbs nxpnrbnjin bs gurtfnr njfojinh kjin

rnodbzbjl tfot ^`nrV bs rkulfdy 01% ifnopnr tfoj Xoxb. Xfbs vodun irnotnh `y

`ktf ikmpojbns mocns ottroitbjl ojh cnnpbjl iustkmnrs ojh idbnjts ikmn

joturoddy.

Ynitbkj >5 Xfn Wodun ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ prkvbhn

^`nr bs o mk`bdn oppdbiotbkj wfbif ikjjnits possnjlnrs tk wbddbjl, prbvotn hrbvnrs

wfk pbic tfnm up ojh hrbvn tfnm wfnrn tfny jnnh tk lk, muif dbcn o toxb snrvbin.

^`nr btsndg norjs rnvnjun `y tocbjl o 01% iut kg gorn ikst. Xfn toxb morcnt

iurrnjtdy bs oj kdblkpkdy bj tfn snjsn tfot bt fos dows bj pdoin wbtf ikjstrbit tfn

ovobdo`bdbty tk njtnr bjtk tfn morcnt. Xfn typbiod toxb dbinjsns orn njkrmkusdy

nxpnjsbvn gkr oj ovnroln bjhbvbhuod tk kwj kutrblft. Xfbs fblf orrbnr tk njtry bs

iforoitnrbznh `y mkjkpkdbns ojh bs prndnvojt bj tfn toxb bjhustry tfrkulfkut tfn

wkrdh. Xfbs trohbtbkjod systnm bs jkt os nggbibnjt os `nr, ojh irnotns tnjsbkj grkm

irnotbjl ojy Qorntk nggbibnjiy grkm tfn rblbhjnss. Xfbs gbxnh suppdy ojh prbin

irnotns ujjoturod grbitbkj tfot dnnhs bjtk kptbmbzotbkj.


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^`nr fos njtnrnh tfn morcnt wfntfnr kr jkt bt bs dnlod kg tfnm tk hk sk ujhnr

iurrnjt dows. Xfny fovn sbhn stnppnh mojy kg tfn òrrbnrs, ojh ndbmbjotnh tfn

jnnh tk purifosn o dbinjsn. Xfbs iousnh mojy bjhbvbhuods tk snrbkusdy ikjsbhnr

^`nr os oj kutdnt tk njtnr niousn kg tfn oiinssb`bdbty, poy, ojh grnnhkm kg wkrc.

Xfn nmnrlnjin kg ktfnr sbmbdor spowjs tk `nr iomn os wndd. Xfnsn snrvbins suif

os Dygt ojh Fodk òttdnh tk ujhnriut noif ktfnrs prbins, ojh irnotn bjinjtbvns gkr

`ktf ikjsumnrs ojh hrbvnrs. Xfny njtnrnh bjtk odmkst o pnrgnit ikmpdntbkj, ùt

tfot odsk gnoturnh hbrty toitbis dbcn pkoifbjl hrbvnrs, ojh mojbpudotbjl noif

ktfnrs snrvbins. Xfny foh tfn dbqubh iopbtod tk su`sbhbzn tfn pktnjtbod gkr sfkrt

tnrm prkgbts gkr dkjl tnrm hkmbjotbkj.

Bj tfn pbiturn ndkw bs tfn ikmporbskj kg tfn twk Ybdbikj Woddny ikmpojbns tfot

òttdnh gkr ikjtrkd. Odtfkulf tfny orn sbmbdor tfny fovn nxpnrbnjins tfot ornskmnwfot hbggnrnjt. Dygt bs mkrn iosuod ojh spujcy tfoj `nr. Dygt mocns tfn

hrbvnrs pdoin o pbjc mustoifn kj tfn grkjt kg tfn ior, ojh tfn hrbvnrs hkjt fovn

ojy hrnss ikhns. Xfny orn trudy eust ykur ovnroln pnkpdn mocbjl iodds ojh hrbvbjl

pnkpdn orkujh. ^`nr ojh nvnj ^`nrV bs mkrn skpfbstbiotnh, ùt stbdd iosuod. Xfny

fovn skmn hrnss ikhns ojh skmn vnfbidn ikhns, ùt try tk upfkdh oj nxpnrbnjin

tfot bs mkrn tfoj eust ykur ovnroln pnrskj hrbvbjl yku orkujh. Xfny stbdd mobjtobj

tfn grbnjhdy otmkspfnrn, ùt fovn o tkuif kg mkhnrj om`bojin bmùnh wbtfbj

tfnbr snrvbin. Xfn omkujt kg gujhbjl ojh voduotbkj sbzn bs hromotbi. Xfbs fos

njo`dnh `nr tk nxpojh mkrn ropbhdy ktf hkmnstbioddy ojh bjtnrjotbkjoddy, ojh

`rbjl ohhbtbkjod bjinjtbvns tk ktf portbns bj krhnr tk lnt tfnm wbtfbj tfnbr

gromnwkrc. Xfny obm tk `rbjl pnkpdn kj `korh ojh fovn tfnm vbnw ^`nr os tfnbr

prbmory skurin kg trojspkrtotbkj. Xfny wojt tk nrohbiotn Dygt, ojh lbvn tfnm jk

pktnjtbod gkr prkgbto`bdbty bj tfbs ikjsbhnro`dy dkw morlbj usbjnss.

Iurrnjtdy `nr bs gdkkhbjl tfn morcnt bj Bjhbo ojh Ifbjo wbtf nxtrnmndy dkw ikst

kptbkjs ikmpornh tk ikpyiot ikmpntbtkrs. `nr bs wbddbjl tk tocn >1% dksns kjinrtobj ekurjnys bj krhnr tklobj dkyodty, ojh nsto`dbsf tfnmsndvns os tfn dnohnr bj

tfn guturn. Xfny orn fnmkrrfolbjl iosf bjtk tfnsn morcnts wbtf tfn iopbtod tfnsn

lobjnh grkm bjvnstmnjts ot oj bjirnosbjl fblf voduotbkj dnvnds. (81 @bddbkj os kg

dotnst jnws, ?6 `bddbkj kjdy o ikupdn mkjtfs olk)


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Xfbs bs oj nxompdn bj lomn tfnkry ioddnh tfn @nrtrojh lomn, wfnrn twk gbrms orn

ikjstojtdy bhhbjl prbins hkwj bj krhnr tk ottroit morcnt sforn ujtbd tfny rnoif

tfn znrk nikjkmbi prkgbt ikjhbtbkj. Gurtfnrmkrn, os mkrn ikmpojbns nlbj tk

njtnr tfbs toxb morcnt wn ioj nvnj snn mkrn iforoitnrbstbis kg pnrgnit

ikmpntbtbkj. Xfbs hbolrom ndkw gnoturns tfn prbin wor kg @nst @uy ojh Omozkj.

Xfnsn ikmpojbns orn wbddbjl tk rnoif tfn pkbjt kg morlbjod ikst bj krhnr tk tocn

owoy morcnt sforn ojh nikmn hkmbjojt. Xfny orn skmntbmns nvnj wbddbjl tk lk

`ndkw tfbs pkbjt ojh su`sbhbzn tfn prkhuits kr snrvbins bj krhnr tk hrow tfn ktfnr


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kut kg usbjnss. Xfnsn toitbis orn gkiusnh kj tfn dkjl-tnrm pktnjtbod kg `nbjl tfn

dnohnrs bj tfn morcnt. @y rnhuibjl tfn sfkrt tnrm prkgbts bj tfbs smodd su`snitbkj

tfny ioj iopbtodbzn bj tfn dkjl-tnrm bj ornos kg fblfnr prkgbto`bdbty. Xfny skdbhbgy

tfnmsndvns os tfn dnohnrs wfbif prkvbhn tfn mkst vodun tk tfn iustkmnr, ojh os

suif rninbvn dkyodty kj ojytfbjl ndsn tfny prkhuin. Bt bs bmpkrtojt tk jktn tfot

tfbs bs `nikmbjl pkssb`dn `niousn kg tfn ifojln bj pnrinptbkj kg tfn pu`dbi ojh

tfn oiinssb`bdbty kg iopbtod rnskurins. Xfny rnskurins ikmn grkm vnjturn

iopbtodbsts wfk ujhnrstojh tfn pktnjtbod kg usbjl tfnsn mntfkhs bj krhnr tk

ikjvbjin tfn pu`dbi wfnj bt ikmns tbmn tk BQK.


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Xfn sbmpdbibty kg tfn B ojh V kj ktf tfn hrbvnr ojh iustkmnr grkjt-njh oddkws

^`nr tk hromotbioddy rnhuin grbitbkj grkm tfn bjo`bdbty tk prkpnrdy utbdbzn tfnbr

tnifjkdkly. @y irnotbjl tfbs sbmpdbstbi ktf portbns ioj oifbnvn wfot tfny snt kut

tk hk wbtfkut tfn ujjnnhnh fossdn. Xfn `oic-njh kg tfbs bjirnhb`dy pkwnrgudsnrvbin bs hromotbioddy mkrn ikmpdnx, wfbif oddkws gkr prkpnrtbns tk n bjtnlrotnh

bj tfn guturn. Xfnsn guturn ohvojinmnjts wbdd jkt kjdy fndp oifbnvn Qorntk

Nggbibnjiy, ut wbdd sfbgt tfn wfkdn iurvn gkrworh y irnotbjl vodun.

Ojktfnr cny gnoturn kg `nr wfbif fos bjtrblunh nikjkmbsts bs tfn ikjinpt kg

prbin surlbjl. `nrs usbjnss mkhnd rnprnsnjts kjn kg tfn mkst `osbi prbjibpdns

kg nikjkmbis5 bjirnosnh hnmojh robsns prbins ojh oddkws suppdy tk nxpojh. Kjn

nxompdn kg tfbs bs hurbjlo sjkwstkrm bj Jnw Rkrc bj Hninm`nr 01?9. Xfn rkohikjhbtbkjs wnrn tnrrb`dn ojh tfnrn wos o hngbibt kg usuod ynddkw toxbs, dnovbjl

mojy strojhnh. Bj tfbs bjstojin, `nr bjirnosnh bts gorns up tk sbx gkdh. \fbdn

mojy iustkmnrs fovn do`ndnh tfbs os prbin lkulbjl, bt oifbnvnh bts bjtnjhnh

nggnit kg bjinjtbvbzbjl hrbvnrs tk fbt tfn rkohs ojh mnnt tfn hnmojh wbddbjl tk poy

tfnsn prbins. Xfbs pfnjkmnjkj bs sk bjtrblubjl `niousn ujdbcn mojy morcnts,
http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/04/uber_style_surge_pricing_does_the_system_make_sense_for_d_c_cabs.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/04/uber_style_surge_pricing_does_the_system_make_sense_for_d_c_cabs.html


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hnmojh ojh suppdy oheustmnjts orn mohn bjstojtojnkusdy. Odtfkulf tfbs bs jkt o

pnrgnit bhhbjl morcnt, ut rotfnr odlkrbtfm osnh prbibjl, btsstbdd gosibjotbjl tk

snn bjgkrmotbkj bmmnhbotndy rngdnitnh bj prbins.

^`nr fos sdosfnh bt `nrx prbins `y 01% ojh olrnnh tk iop prbins hurbjlnmnrlnjibns bj Jnw Rkrc.

Xfbs pkdbiy bjtnjhs tk strbcn tfn iorngud odojin ntwnnj tfn lkod kg

trojspkrtotbkj ovobdo`bdbty wbtf ikmmujbty nxpnitotbkjs kg oggkrho`bdbty hurbjl

hbsostnr @NP INK orlunh.

Jnw Rkrc dow prkfb`bts prbin lkulbjl bj krhnr tk prkvbhn ikjsumnrs wbtf irbtbiod

prktnitbkjs tk wfbif tfny orn njtbtdnh ujhnr tfn dow. Xfn dotnst dnlbsdotbkj

rnoifnh oj olrnnmnjt wbtf `nr kj prnvnjtbjl prbin lkrlbjl hurbjl nmnrlnjiysbtuotbkjs. Xfbs hkns jkt oggnit muif ikjsbhnrbjl tfn pnrinjtoln kg tfnsn

nmnrlnjiy sbtuotbkjs bj rnmorco`dn dkw. Xfn nggnit bs jnldblb`dn, `ut tfn ^`nr

dkkcs nttnr ojh tfn pu`dbi bs foppy gkr tfbs dbttdn jullnt.

Xfbs pbiturn hnmkjstrotns tfn ^B sfkwj tk

iustkmnrs wfnj goinh wbtf tfn hnibsbkj tk lk

tfrkulf wbtf surln prbibjl. Xfbs bjirnhb`dntrojspornjt systnm kg jktbgybjl iustkmnrs bs

jkw ujhnr gbrn. Xfbs bs prbmorbdy niousn tfn

pu`dbi bs jkt usnh tk `nbjl jktbgbnh bj tfbs

mojjnr. Ktfnr bjhustrbns tfot utbdbzn tfn

o`bdbtbns kg prbin hbsirbmbjotbkjs tk mojoln

suppdy ojh hnmojh, ojh iopturn tfn mkst

prkgbt grkm hbggnrnjt hnmklropfbis ornjt os

trojspornjt. Xfbs fos `nnj o rnoskj gkr ^`nrs`oj bj Dos Wnlos ojh bts ikjtrkvnrsy bj Mobj

Ytrnom mnhbo. Xfbs kvnrikmpnjsotbkj wbdd

ikkd os ujhnrstojhbjl hnnpnjs.


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Pnludotbkjs gkr Xoxbs5 Xoxbs orn jkt pnrmbttnh tfn duxury kg hku`dbjl, trbpdbjl, kr

nvnj qubjtupdbjl tfnbr rotns os `nr hkns, eust niousn bt bs robjbjl kr o fkdbhoy.

Ifbiolk Mujbibpod Ikhn 2-??0-711.Pudn XV1>-1


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Xfn trohbtbkjod toxb snrvbin wos gbxnh ojh ikudhjt nggbibnjtdy prbin hbsirbmbjotbkj

`ktf `niousn kg tfn dow, ojh `niousn kg tfn bjo`bdbty tk lotfnr mnojbjlgud hoto.

Xfn hyjombi prbibjl struiturn `nr utbdbzns bs nykjh tfn jkrmodbty typbioddy

osskibotnh wbtf tfbs snrvbin, ojh tfn goit tfot tfnrn bs jk hbsikujt bj tfbs prbibjl

mocns tfn hbstostnh tfot mkrn podoto`dn.

Xfn HNNQ brkjy fnrn bs tfot ^`nr kggnrs tfn mkst nikjkmbioddy snjsb`dn, ojh

usngud, nxompdn kg hyjombi prbibjl bj tfn nikjkmy.

Odtfkulf tfbs ioj `n vbnwnh os squnnzbjl nvnry pkssb`dn hkddor grkm iustkmnrs

bt ioj odsk `n vbnwnh os irnotbjl nqubdb`rbum bj tfn suppdy ojh hnmojh kg tfn

snrvbin. Xfn gbrst tnxtnh hyjombi prbibjl bj @kstkj bj 01?0 bjirnosnh kj-tfn-rkoh

suppdy kg hrbvnrs `y


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?)

^`nr bs o morcntpdoin ojh ^`nrshrbvnrs orn odd bjhnpnjhnjt olnjts.

0)

Xfn moekrbty kg ^`nr gorns lk tk tfnsn bjhnpnjhnjt hrbvnrs

9) ^`nr bs ikmmbtnh tk nbjl o dkw-prbin dnohnr

8) ^`nrs hyjombi prbibjl oggnits dnss tfoj ?1% kg odd rbhns

>)

^`nr bs `nikmbjl mkrn trojspornjt.

Obr@j@ lbvns tfn fksts tfn o`bdbty tk prbin oiikrhbjl tk tfnbr wbsfns. Xfny lbvn tfn

fksts tfn o`bdbty tk ujhnrstojh tfn morcnt vodun kg tfnbr prkpnrty pnr jblft, ojh

lbvn tfn prbins gkr ikmporo`dn ujbts. Xfny hkjt fovn os muif prbin

hbsirbmbjotbkj ikjtrkd os `nr hkns wbtf bts snrvbin. Xfny oddkw tfn morcnt tk

spkjtojnkusdy oheust btsndg ojh oifbnvn prkpnr nqubdb`rbum. Xfbs bs pkwnrgud

`niousn wbtf tfn omkujt kg trojspornjiy ovobdo`dn o pnrgnitdy ikmpntbtbvnnjvbrkjmnjt gkr tfn nttnrmnjt kg odd portbns ioj foppnj. Obr@j@ oddkws tfn

pktnjtbod kg o ikddnitbkj kg bjhbvbhuods tk krlojbzn bj suif o woy tfot trudy oddkws

gkr Qorntk nggbibnjiy. Xfn iforoitnrbstbis kg grnn morcnt orn njo`dnh.


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Ynitbkj 75 Ikm`bjbjl tfn prkpnrtbns kg Qorntk Nggbibnjiy wbtf ktf ikmpojbns bj

rnlorhs tk tfn prklrnssbkj kg vodun irnotnh.

@y syjtfnsbzbjl tfn tnifjkdklbiod ospnits tfot njo`dn tfbs prklrnss, ojh lbvbjl

rotbkjod os tk wfy dnlbsdotbkj wbdd ikjgkrm tk tfn jnw stojhorhs kjin vodun fos`nnj hnmkjstrotnh ohnquotndy.

Qorntk Nggbibnjiy bs o stotn bj wfbif rnskurins orn oddkiotnh bj suif o woy tfot kjn

porty iojjkt `njngbt wbtfkut tfn ktfnr suggnrbjl. Xfbs stotn bs ottobjnh `y fovbjl o

grnn morcnt skibnty wbtf pnrgnit bjgkrmotbkj ojh jk grbitbkj. Xfbs stotn kg

pnrgnitbkj bs ujottobjo dn bj tfn rnod wkrdh, ut prklrnss tkworhs tfot bhnods orn

pkssb`dn wbtf tfn ohhbtbkj kg tnifjkdklbns bjtnlrotnh bjtk hbsruptbvn ikmpojbns

dbcn `nr ojh Obr@j@. Xfnsn ikmpojbns fovn mbjbmbznh tfn pfysbiod grbitbkj bs

ornos suif os pnnr-tk-pnnr motifbjl, LQY troicbjl, ojh Qoymnjt trojsoitbkjs.

Xfny fovn oddkwnh gkr trojspornjiy, ojh nmpkwnrnh tfn bjhbvbhuod tk mocn

trojsoitbkjs wbtf fbs gnddkw moj wbtfkut tfn trohbtbkjod urhnjs. Xfnsn twk

ikmpojbns fovn irnotnh snrvbins tfot goibdbtotn tfn bjtnrikjjnitbvbty kg pfysbiod

gdkw kg fumoj oitbvbty. Xfny fovn mohn njkrmkus Qorntk bmprkvnmnjts ojh

trompdnh nxbstbjl dnlbsdotbkj tfot irnotnh orrbnrs tk nggbibnjiy.

Xfnsn dows fovn nnj bj pdoin tk prktnit dorln Kdblkpkdbns grkm ikjtrkddbjl dorln

ospnits kg oitbvbty. Xfnsn trohbtbkjod gromnwkrcs mblft fovn nnj jninssory

`ngkrn tfn tnifjkdklbiod ojh skibod ohvojinmnjts, ut tfny jk dkjlnr snrvn tfnbr

purpksn. Xfny orn rndbis kg tfn post tfot prnvnjt Qorntk Nggbibnjiy. Xfnsn fbjhnr

tfn pkssb`bdbtbns ovobdo`dn wbtf tfn bjtnlrotbkj kg jnwgkujh tnifjkdklbns. Xfny hk

jkt pkssnss tfn pktnjtbod tk rnvkdutbkjbzn tfn woy bj wfbif wn bjtnrnoit wbtf

noif ktfnr, ojh tfn hoto wn jnnh tk trudy mocn mnojbjlgud hnibsbkj bj

oiikrhojin tk nikjkmbi nggbibnjiy.

Xfnsn bmprkvnmnjts njo`dnh `y ^`nr ojh Obr@j@ ikmn quojtbtotbvndy. ^`nr ojhObr@j@ prkvbhn ikmpntbtbvn prbins, ojh mkst tbmns ifnopnr prbins ikmpornh tk

ktfnr ikmpntbtkrs. Bj ohhbtbkj tk dkwnr prbins tk iustkmnrs, tfny njo`dn tfn fksts

ojh hrbvnrs tk rnop o dorlnr sforn kg tfn rnvnjuns. Xfbs mkjntory njfojinmnjt tk

`ktf portbns bs pkssb`dn niousn kg tfn rnhuinh grbitbkj ojh tfn nxinptbkjs tk

dbinjsns ojh ohhbtbkjod bjsurojin. _uodbtotbvndy, `nr ojh Obr@j@ prkvbhn


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nxpnrbnjins tfot trudy njiopsudotn tfn fumoj bhnods wn strbvn gkr. Xfnsn snrvbins

`rbjl us idksnr tk noif ktfnr os fumojs. Xfny oddkw us tk lobj nmpotfy gkr kur

gnddkw moj, ojh nxpdkrn fbs mkst pnrskjod spoins. (Fbs fkmn ojh ior) Xfnsn

snrvbins orn grkm kur gnddkw moj, tfny orn jkt grkm dorlnr ikrpkrotbkjs kg fktnd

kr toxb ifobjs. Xfny orn kur jnblf`krs. Xfbs fumojbzotbkj ikupdnh wbtf ohhnh

bmprkvnmnjts bj odd ornos kg ikmgkrt, prkvbhns bmmnjsn vodun.

Xfn pu`dbi ojh lkvnrjmnjt fovn `nikmn mkrn ojh mkrn ikljbzojt kg tfbs

bmmnjsn vodun prkvbhnh `y tfnsn twk ikmpojbns. Xfny fovn nluj tk ifojln

dnlbsdotbkj kj o ibty ojh mujbibpodbty dnvnd. Xfn lkvnrjmnjt must prkvbhn wfot bs

bj tfn nst bjtnrnst kg bts pnkpdn. Xfn pnkpdn orn nikmbjl owocnh tk tfbs

pkssb`bdbty kg fovbjl tfnsn omozbjl snrvbins. Xfny orn nlbjjbjl tk ujhnrstojh tfn

`njngbts tk tfnmsndvns ojh tfnbr gnddkw moj. Xfny orn `nlbjjbjl tk ujhnrstojhwfot tfn iurrnjt dows stotn, ojh wfy tfny sfkudh gblft gkr tfn rblft tk fovn

bjjkvotbkj tfot irnotns Qorntk Nggbibnjiy ojh vodun bj odd hkmobjs.

^`nr ojh Obr@j@ fovn, ojh wbdd ikjtbjun tk bjgdunjin tfn wkrdh wn dbvn bj, bj o

pksbtbvn mojjnr. Xfbs bs tfn `nlbjjbjl kg moekr ifojlns njo`dnh `y tfn

nxpkjnjtbod oiindnrotbkj kg tnifjkdkly. \n fovn eust rnoifnh tfn ikjvnx pkbjt,

ojh wbdd snn bmprkvnmnjts wbtf noif possbjl hoy.


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Ynitbkj 65 Dkjl Xnrm Wbsbkj

^`nr ojh Obr@j@ orn kjdy o sfndd kg wfot tfnbr trudy iopo`bdbtbns wbdd `n bj tfn

guturn. Bmolbjn o wkrdh tfot wbdd `n pnrgnitdy nggbibnjt. Xfbs wkrdh wbdd bmprkvn tfn

dbvns kg odd portbns y rnhuibjl pfysbiod grbitbkj. Xfbs wkrdh tfot wbdd oddkw yku tknxprnss ykur irnotbvbty bjstnoh kg hnodbjl wbtf tfn jnrvbjl fossdns tfot snrvn tk

hbmbjbsf tfot prnibkus fumoj iopo`bdbty. Xfbs wkrdh wbdd `n mkrn nmpkwnrbjl

ojh o`ujhojt tfoj nvnj tfn `nst vbsbkjs kg ^tkpbo.

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o tkwjiorikmpojy kpnrotbjl bj o gnw ibtbns, bt bs jkt

`bl.

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os hkmbjotbjlojh nvnj lrkwbjltfn tkwj ior morcnt bj

hkznjs kg ibtbns, bt lnts `bllnr. (Hoto pkbjt5 tfnrn orn jkw mkrn ^`nr `doic iors bj

Yoj Grojibsik tfoj tfnrn wnrn ODD `doic iors ngkrn `nr stortnh).

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o`skr`bjltfn toxbmorcnts, bt lnts prntty fuln.

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr `rbjlbjltoxbstk ports kg tfn wkrdh tfot hbh jkt fovn tfnm

`ngkrn niousn kg bjsuggbibnjt hnjsbty, bt lnts nvnj dorlnr.

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o pnrskjoddklbstbissnrvbin tfot ioj hrbvn ykur cbhs tk

sifkkd ojh `oic, tocn yku tk wkrc, pbic up ykur pornjts ot tfn obrpkrt, hrbvn ykutk hotn jblft sk yku ioj lnt ykur hrbjcs kj, bt lnts vnry vnry dorln.

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os hndbvnrbjl`ktf pnkpdn os wndd os tfbjls(poicolns, hry

idnojbjl, lrkinrbns) bt lnts nvnj dorlnr.

Bg yku tfbjc kg `nr os o rnpdoinmnjtgkr ykur ior, bt lnts nvnj dorlnr.

Bg yku mbx bj o gdnntkg sndg-hrbvbjliors, krifnstrotnh y `nr, bt lrkws olobj.

Bg yku tfbjc kg ^`nr os o lbojt supnrikmputnrkrifnstrotbjltfn hndbvnry kg

mbddbkjs kg pnkpdn ojh btnms odd kvnr tfn wkrdh (tfn Ibsikkg tfn pfysbiodwkrdh),

yku lnt wfot ikudh `n kjn kg tfn dorlnst ikmpojbns bj tfn wkrdh.

Obr@j` ojh ^`nr fovn kjdy eust `nikmn rnvkdutbkjbzbjl kur gujhomnjtod fumoj

jnnhs (sfndtnr ojh trojspkrtotbkj) bj o sforbjl nikjkmy. Xfn Guturn bs Fnrn.


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Uber and AirBnB Research Paper

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