Phytochemistry
Practical Information
Status: Compulsory
Time schedule: 4th
semester
Teaching methods: Lectures, tutorials, practicals,
Dimension of course: 7 ECTS-points.
Number of hours: 30 lectures of 45 min, 10 tutorials of 45 minutes, 45 practicals
of 45 minutes, group work 10 of 45 minutes.
Frequency: Once a year.
Evaluation: Continuing: 50 points
Final: 50 points
A student can pass the subject without a final exam if he/she
collects at least 71 points throughout the semester with the
following mark scale:
71-76 points 6
77-82 points 7
83-88 points 8
89-94 points 9
95-100 pints 10
Teaching material:
Kulevanova S., Farmakognozija, fitohemija i prirodni lekoviti i aromati~ni surovini, Kultura, Skopje, 2006
Bruneton J., Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants, 2nd Edition, Intercept Ltd., Londres, Paris, New York, 1999
Evans W. C., Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 15th edition, W. B. Saunders, Edinburgh, London, New York, Philadelphia, St. Luis, Sydney, Toronto, 2002
Purpose: The objective of the course is to give the students knowledge about the main classes of
secondary metabolites, classified according to their biosynthesis and their physico-chemical
characteristics.
Pre requests:
The teaching is organized on the assumption that the students have a knowledge
corresponding to the content of the courses: Organic Chemistry, General and cell biology and
Instrumental pharmaceutical analyses.
Content: The course deals with the chemical composition of living plants; Photosynthesis, Primary
metabolites (plant carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins); Basic biosynthetic
pathways of secondary metabolites; Classification of secondary metabolites; Physico-
chemical characteristics, extraction and methods of investigations as well as pharmacological
activity and use of secondary metabolites:
Plant phenolics: simple phenols and phenol glycosides; coumarines; lignans, neolignans and related compounds; flavonoids; anthocyanidins; tannins; quinines
Terpenoides and steroids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; essential oils; iridoids; diterpens; triterpenoid and steroidal saponins; cardioactive glycosides; tetraterpenes
Alkaloids: derivatives of ornithine and lysine; derivatives of phenylalanine and tyrosine; derivatives of tryptophan; derivatives of anthranilic acid; derivatives of
histidine; derivates from terpene metabolism; steroidal alkaloids; purine basis;
compounds with miscellaneous structure.
Outcome:
Knowledge of the main classes of secondary metabolites.
Ability to explain the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite based on organic chemical principles.
Ability to explain the structure and solubility and chemical properties of secondary metabolites
Ability to discuss the extraction of herbal drugs and isolation of a secondary metabolite from plant material.
Ability to explain methods for analyses of secondary compounds in herbal drugs.
Knowledge of pharmacological properties of secondary compounds and their usage as chief substances and as constituents of herbal drugs or herbal extracts.
Student load:
Hours:
Lectures 30
Preparation for lectures 30
Tutorials (class hours) 10
Preparation for tutorials 10
Practicals 45
Preparation for practicals 15
Group work 10
Subtotal 150
Evaluation 60
Total 210 hours
Course responsible: Prof. Svetlana Kulevanova, [email protected]
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