The Effects of Zumba Fitness on Adherence to Exercise
By Kaitlyn Greiner
Introduction
Most Americans lead sedentary lifestyle
70% lack minimum amount exercise No motivation therefore no adherence Theories on motivation to promote
adherence Few studies on popular Zumba Fitness
Physical Effects of Exercise Obesity
› Measurements: BMI, waist-hip ratio› Risk of chronic health ailments› Prevent through health behavior
modifications Fitness Levels
› Effect chronic diseases also› Exercise intensity levels vary› Measured: self perceived exertion scale
Psychological Effects
Depression and Anxiety› Effects 18% American adults› Exercise treatment of anxiety› Aerobic exercise particularly beneficial
Happiness Levels› Exercise increases happiness levels› Through increasing self confidence › Produces positive self image› Creates opportunity for social contact
Motivation to Exercise
Attitudes Toward Exercise› Most common motivators:
Health and physical fitness Enjoyment, socializing Improve mental health
› Reasons not exercising No time No energy No self-control No exercise facility
Intrinsic Motivations
Motivations Predict Exercise Participation› Intrinsic:
Enjoyment/competency gained Interest in activity Necessary for adherence
Extrinsic Motivations
› Extrinsic: Associated with outcome of activity Improving appearance, weight Improve fitness levels Initial motive for exercise program
Zumba Fitness
Latest trend in exercise Latin dance aerobic workout Exercise in disguise Emphasizes enjoyment Creation of Zumba Fitness
› Alberto Perez › Colombia, South America› 7.5 million participants worldwide› 1000% growth since 2008
Significance
Americans need to exercise Motivation is key to adherence Motivation studies needed Study proven popular program: Zumba Could show motivation for exercise
Governing Question:
What are the physical and psychological responses to the Zumba Dance Fitness program in relationship to exercise adherence?
Methodology
Zumba classes in Chas Area MPAM-R survey 52 Vitality Scale before 30 and after class
41 Perceived Exertion scale 41 Case Studies
› BMI and Waist-to-Hip ratio › 6 week exercise adherence log› interviews
Findings:
Greatest Motivation: Fitness Decrease in difference between
extrinsic and intrinsic motivations Positive emotional response after a
class Perceived Exertion: 7.66 = Moderate to Hard Case study participants reported
intention for future adherence
MPAM-R Results
Inte
rest
/Enj
oym
ent
Compe
tenc
e
Appe
aran
ce
Fitn
ess
Social
3.504.004.505.005.506.006.507.00
First TimeOccasionalRegular
Motivational Categories
Moti-vation Scores
MPAM-R Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivations
First Time Occasional Regular5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
IntrinsicExtrinsic
Frequency of Participation
Motivation Score
Weight of MPAM-R Participants
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
First TimeOccasionalRegular
Frequency of Participation
Weight in Lbs.
BMI of MPAM-R Participants
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
First TimeOccasionalRegular
Frequency of Participation
BMI
Age of MPAM-R Participants
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Age
Participant Number
Age
Vitality Scale Scores Before and After Class
Before After0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Vitality Score
Before and After Class
Vitality Scale
Scores
Perceived Exertion
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Perceived Exertion
Participant Number
Perceived Exertion
Score
Case Study Participation over Six Week Period
Case Study 1
Case Study 2
Case Study 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Zumba HoursOther Exercise Hours
Case Study Participants
Hours
Change in Case Study BMI over 6 Week Period
Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 30
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
BMI BeforeBMI After
Case Study Participants
BMI
Change in Case Study Waist to Hip Ratio over a Six Week Period
Case Study 1
Case Study 2
Case Study 3
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
Waist to Hip Ratio BeforeWaist to Hip Ratio After
Case Study Participants
Waist to Hip Ratio
Conclusion
Extrinsic motivation-primary reason to begin and adhere to exercise
As participation increases, intrinsic motivations became more prominent
Positive psychological effect after single class
Perceived Exertion: Moderate to Hard Adherence: Intrinsic and Extrinsic
required
Applicability
Zumba Validated as Fitness Program Extrinsic motivations demanded by
today’s exercise participants Intrinsic motivations required for
adherence Future Successful Exercise Programs
Require: - positive psychological effect -moderate to hard perceived
exertion
Limitations:
Only included willing participants from Charleston area
Beginning fitness level of regular participants not established
Before and After class Vitality Scales sample not the same group/number
Not enough time for case studies to show significance
Special Thanks to:
Jody Ruff Mrs. Benton Mrs. Novinger Zumba Instructors in Charleston Area Mrs. Cornehl
Questions?
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