The Road to War Germany takes over Europe and Japans expansion
in Asia
Slide 3
The Versailles Treaty
Slide 4
Hitler s aims Abolish the Treaty of Versailles The Versailles
Treaty is worthless. 60 million German hearts and minds are on fire
with anger and shame. They will cry out we want war! Destroy
Communism The menace of Russia hangs over Germany. All our strength
is needed to rescue our nation from this international snake
Lebensraum It will be the duty of German foreign policy to get
large spaces to feed and house the growing population of her.
Re-build Germanys armed forces Create a Greater Germany Anschluss
with Austria. Hitler believed that they belonged together
Slide 5
Germany Invades the Rhineland March 7, 1936
Slide 6
Carlists [ultra-Catholic monarchists]. Catholic Church. Falange
[fascist] Party. Monarchists. Anarcho-Syndicalists. Basques.
Catalans. Communists. Marxists. Republicans. Socialists. The
National Front [Nationalists] The National Front [Nationalists] The
Popular Front [Republicans] The Popular Front [Republicans] The
Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Slide 7
Slide 8
The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian
troops in Madrid
Slide 9
Guernica by Pablo Picasso
Slide 10
The Spanish Civil War
Slide 11
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 Francisco Franco
Slide 12
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The Pact of Steel
Slide 13
The Austrian Anschluss, 1938
Slide 14
The Problem of the Sudetenland
Slide 15
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 Now we have peace in
our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Slide 16
Germany takes Czechoslovakia: March, 1939 Hitler breaks the
Munich Agreement
Slide 17
The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von
Ribbentrop & Molotov
Early German Success 1939-1940 Early German Success
1939-1940
Slide 23
Dunkirk Evacuated June 4, 1940
Slide 24
France Surrenders June 14, 1940
Slide 25
A Divided France Henri Petain
Slide 26
The French Resistance The Free French General Charles DeGaulle
The Maquis
Slide 27
Battle of Britain Now Britain Is All Alone!
Slide 28
The Blitz!
Slide 29
The London Tube: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz
Slide 30
The Royal Air Force
Slide 31
Slide 32
Operation Barbarossa: Hitlers Biggest Mistake
Slide 33
Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941 y 3,000,000 German
soldiers. y 3,400 tanks.
Slide 34
The Rise of Japanese Aggression in Asia 1931-1941
Slide 35
Long-standing Anglo-Japanese alliance (1902) obligated Britain
to aid Japan in the event of a Japanese war with the United States.
Goals naval disarmament and the political situation in the Far
East. Washington Disarmament Conference (1921-1922)
Slide 36
A battleship ratio was achieved through this ratio: US Britain
Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67 Japan got a guarantee that the
US and Britain would stop fortifying their Far East territories
[including the Philippines]. Loophole no restrictions on small
warships Five Power Treaty (1922)
Slide 37
League of Nations condemned the action. Japan leaves the
League. Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the
Far East. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Slide 38
A Weak League of Nations
Slide 39
The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations No control of
major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military
force.
Slide 40
The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937
Slide 41
Japan bombed USS Panay gunboat & three Oil tankers on the
Yangtze River. Japan was testing US resolve! Japan apologized, paid
the US for the loses, and promised no further attacks. Most
Americans were satisfied with the apology. Results Japanese
interpreted US tone as a license for further aggression against US
interests. Panay Incident (1937)
Slide 42
American Foreign Policy before WWII
Slide 43
Nye Committee Hearings (1934-1936) The Nye Committee I
investigated the charge that WW I was needless and the US entered
so munitions owners could make big profits [merchants of death.]
The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to protect their
loans & arms manufacturers to make money. Claimed that Wilson
had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations waters.
Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts. Senator
Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]
Slide 44
Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 When the President proclaimed
the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would
automatically go into effect: Prohibited sales of arms to
belligerent nations. Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent
nations. Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war
[in contrast to WW I]. Non-military goods must be purchased on a
cash-and- carry basis pay when goods are picked up. Banned
involvement in the Spanish Civil War. This limited the options of
the President in a crisis. America in the 1930s declined to build
up its forces!
Slide 45
US Neutrality
Slide 46
America First Committee Charles Lindbergh
Slide 47
1939 Neutrality Act In response to Germanys invasion of Poland.
FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the US to aid
European democracies in a limited way: The US could sell weapons to
the European democracies on a cash-and-carry basis. FDR was
authorized to proclaim danger zones which US ships and citizens
could not enter. Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act: Aggressors
could not send ships to buy US munitions. The US economy improved
as European demands for war goods helped bring the country out of
the 1937-38 recession. America becomes the Arsenal of
Democracy.
Slide 48
Destroyers for Bases 50 U.S. Destroyers to Great Britain the
U.S. was granted British possessions for the creation of naval or
air bases.
Slide 49
Response to Japanese Expansion in the Far East. Moral Embargo
halted the shipment of material such as airplanes, parts, machine
tools, and aviation gasoline. The Act was expanded in September of
1940 to include iron and steel scrap An Act of War? Export Control
Act (1940)
Slide 50
Lend-Lease Act (1941) Great Britain.........................$31
billion Soviet Union...........................$11 billion
France......................................$ 3 billion
China.......................................$1.5 billion Other
European.................$500 million South
America...................$400 million The amount totaled:
$48,601,365,000
Slide 51
Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of
friendship in August 1941. Solidifies alliance. Fashioned after
Wilsons 14 Points. Calls for League of Nations type
organization.
Slide 52
Slide 53
Pearl Harbor
Slide 54
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
Slide 55
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in
infamy!
Slide 56
USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
Slide 57
President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War