Slide 1

Slide 2

The Road to War Germany takes over Europe and Japans expansion in Asia

Slide 3

The Versailles Treaty

Slide 4

Hitler s aims Abolish the Treaty of Versailles The Versailles Treaty is worthless. 60 million German hearts and minds are on fire with anger and shame. They will cry out we want war! Destroy Communism The menace of Russia hangs over Germany. All our strength is needed to rescue our nation from this international snake Lebensraum It will be the duty of German foreign policy to get large spaces to feed and house the growing population of her. Re-build Germanys armed forces Create a Greater Germany Anschluss with Austria. Hitler believed that they belonged together

Slide 5

Germany Invades the Rhineland March 7, 1936

Slide 6

Carlists [ultra-Catholic monarchists]. Catholic Church. Falange [fascist] Party. Monarchists. Anarcho-Syndicalists. Basques. Catalans. Communists. Marxists. Republicans. Socialists. The National Front [Nationalists] The National Front [Nationalists] The Popular Front [Republicans] The Popular Front [Republicans] The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

Slide 7

Slide 8

The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian troops in Madrid

Slide 9

Guernica by Pablo Picasso

Slide 10

The Spanish Civil War

Slide 11

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 Francisco Franco

Slide 12

Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The Pact of Steel

Slide 13

The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

Slide 14

The Problem of the Sudetenland

Slide 15

Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 Now we have peace in our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain

Slide 16

Germany takes Czechoslovakia: March, 1939 Hitler breaks the Munich Agreement

Slide 17

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

Slide 18

Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg [Lightening War]

Slide 19

Slide 20

German Troops March into Warsaw

Slide 21

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940 The Tripartite Pact

Slide 22

Early German Success 1939-1940 Early German Success 1939-1940

Slide 23

Dunkirk Evacuated June 4, 1940

Slide 24

France Surrenders June 14, 1940

Slide 25

A Divided France Henri Petain

Slide 26

The French Resistance The Free French General Charles DeGaulle The Maquis

Slide 27

Battle of Britain Now Britain Is All Alone!

Slide 28

The Blitz!

Slide 29

The London Tube: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

Slide 30

The Royal Air Force

Slide 31

Slide 32

Operation Barbarossa: Hitlers Biggest Mistake

Slide 33

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941 y 3,000,000 German soldiers. y 3,400 tanks.

Slide 34

The Rise of Japanese Aggression in Asia 1931-1941

Slide 35

Long-standing Anglo-Japanese alliance (1902) obligated Britain to aid Japan in the event of a Japanese war with the United States. Goals naval disarmament and the political situation in the Far East. Washington Disarmament Conference (1921-1922)

Slide 36

A battleship ratio was achieved through this ratio: US Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67 Japan got a guarantee that the US and Britain would stop fortifying their Far East territories [including the Philippines]. Loophole no restrictions on small warships Five Power Treaty (1922)

Slide 37

League of Nations condemned the action. Japan leaves the League. Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the Far East. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

Slide 38

A Weak League of Nations

Slide 39

The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.

Slide 40

The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937

Slide 41

Japan bombed USS Panay gunboat & three Oil tankers on the Yangtze River. Japan was testing US resolve! Japan apologized, paid the US for the loses, and promised no further attacks. Most Americans were satisfied with the apology. Results Japanese interpreted US tone as a license for further aggression against US interests. Panay Incident (1937)

Slide 42

American Foreign Policy before WWII

Slide 43

Nye Committee Hearings (1934-1936) The Nye Committee I investigated the charge that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits [merchants of death.] The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money. Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations waters. Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts. Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]

Slide 44

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 When the President proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect: Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations. Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations. Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war [in contrast to WW I]. Non-military goods must be purchased on a cash-and- carry basis pay when goods are picked up. Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War. This limited the options of the President in a crisis. America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces!

Slide 45

US Neutrality

Slide 46

America First Committee Charles Lindbergh

Slide 47

1939 Neutrality Act In response to Germanys invasion of Poland. FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the US to aid European democracies in a limited way: The US could sell weapons to the European democracies on a cash-and-carry basis. FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones which US ships and citizens could not enter. Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act: Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions. The US economy improved as European demands for war goods helped bring the country out of the 1937-38 recession. America becomes the Arsenal of Democracy.

Slide 48

Destroyers for Bases 50 U.S. Destroyers to Great Britain the U.S. was granted British possessions for the creation of naval or air bases.

Slide 49

Response to Japanese Expansion in the Far East. Moral Embargo halted the shipment of material such as airplanes, parts, machine tools, and aviation gasoline. The Act was expanded in September of 1940 to include iron and steel scrap An Act of War? Export Control Act (1940)

Slide 50

Lend-Lease Act (1941) Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union...........................$11 billion France......................................$ 3 billion China.......................................$1.5 billion Other European.................$500 million South America...................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

Slide 51

Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. Solidifies alliance. Fashioned after Wilsons 14 Points. Calls for League of Nations type organization.

Slide 52

Slide 53

Pearl Harbor

Slide 54

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Slide 55

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

Slide 56

USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Slide 57

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

Slide 58

Pearl Harbor Memorial