Download - Surgical Instruments and Common Surgical Procedures

7/25/2019 Surgical Instruments and Common Surgical Procedures

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Surgical Instrumentsand Surgical Procedures

Dima Flavia

Dinca Bogdan

Grupa 5,Seria A,MG I


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Categories of Instruments

Instrument usage

Scissors andScalpels

Hemostats, Forceps,

and Clamps

Specula, Scopes,Probes, Retractors,and Dilators

Cutting

Grasping andClamping

Dilating andProbing


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Cutting


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Used to cut the skin, sometimescalled a surgical knife

Disposale Scalpel


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Most common si!es are

"##, "#$, and "#5

Surgical Blades

#24#22

#

#2#!

#"

#2

#2 #


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Straig$t Scissors

S$arp%S$arp &lunt%&lunt S$arp%&lunt


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Cur'ed Scissors

S$arp%S$ar S$arp%&lunt &lunt%&lu


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(a)o Dissecting Scissors

Straight %urved

&eav'(dut' )ith narro)ed ut lunt pointed

lades


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Iris Scissors

straight curved

Smallscissors designed for *nedetail


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Suture Remo'al Scissors

Straight angled

&ook(shaped point on one lade used to hook

under the stitch efore cutting


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&andage Scissors

*ister scissors +noles scissors

Designed for cutting bandages on patients

it$out cutting t$e patient


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Grasping

and

Clamping


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Hemostat ForcepsMos+uito

ell'Serrations onl' along

part of the tip

Some ma) $a'eteet$-ll ma) be

straig$t orcur'ed

Serrations alongthe entire tips


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Sometimes called -pick(ups.

Some )ith teeth are called tissue forceps

/hum Forceps


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.ar and /asal Forceps

&artman forceps Alligator forceps

Bent for ease in ear and nose procedures


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Used to hold surgical gau!e sponges

Ma' e straight or curved

Sponge Forceps


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Used for *0ing drapes to the skinof anestheti!ed patients

/o)el %lamp


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1ften called needle drivers

&olds needles *rml' )ithout crushing

2eedle &older


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Dilating

and

probing


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Specula and ScopesAre used to e0pose od' ori*ces ' )idening for etter

vie)ing

0aginal /asal -noscope%Proctoscope


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Retractors

3eitlaner retractor 4olkman etractor

Used to hook and retract the edges of a )ound for

etter vie)Self 6retaining Manual


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Dilators

Hegar Dilators Pratt Dilators

Doule(ended metal rods ranging in si!e

used for graduall' dilating an opening


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Sutturing


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Appendectom' is the surgical removal ofthe appendi0, a small, *nger(shaped pouchthat is located at the cecum 7the 8unctionet)een the large and small intestines9:

/he surger' is the standard treatment forappendicitis 7in;ammation and infection ofthe appendi09 and patients usuall' recoverfrom appendectom' )ithout e0periencingcomplications: A ruptured appendi0 isconsidered a medical emergenc'

-ppendectom)


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Surgeons use one of t)o surgicaltechni+ues, open appendectom' orlaparoscopic appendectom' : /he choice ofmethod is made ' the surgeon on a case(

'(case asis: General anesthesia 7agentthat renders the patient unconscious9 isused in oth procedures:

Surgical Procedures


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1pen appendectom' is the traditionalmethod and the standard treatment forappendicitis: /he surgeon makes an incisionin the lo)er right adomen, pulls the

appendi0 through the incision, ties it o< atits ase, and removes it: %are is taken toavoid spilling purulent material 7pus9 fromthe appendi0 )hile it is eing removed: /heincision is then sutured:

1pen -ppendectom)


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If the appendi0 has perforated 7ruptured9,the surgeon cleans the pus out of the adomen

)ith a )arm saline solution to reduce the riskfor infection: A drain ma' e inserted throughthe incision to allo) the pus to drain from theadomen: In this case, the skin is not sutured,ut left open and packed )ith sterile gau!e:

/he gau!e and drain remain in place until thepus is completel' drained and there is no signof infection:If the adomen is so in;amed thatthe surgeon cannot see the appendi0, the

infection is drained and treated )ithantiiotics, and then the appendi0 is removed:


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/his method has een used for over a decade and itma' ecome the standard of care: /he procedure hasseveral advantages including lo)er risk for postoperativeinfection, faster recover' time, a smaller scar, and a shorterhospital sta':

*aparoscapic-ppendectom)


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/he surgeon makes a ver' small incisionright elo) the navel and inserts aninstrument called a laparoscope: /helaparoscope is a long tue )ith a lens at

one end and a miniature video camera atthe other: /he laparoscope enales thedoctor to see the appendi0: Several moretin' incisions are made to allo) for thepassage of instruments, )hich are used tocut and clamp o< the appendi0:


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/he laparoscope is also used as adiagnostic tool: /he doctor is ale to see ifthe appendi0 is in;amed and, if theappendi0 is not the cause of the patient=s

s'mptoms, other organs can e seen inorder to identif' the source of thes'mptoms:


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A h'sterectom' is a surgical procedure)here' the uterus 7)om9 is removed:&'sterectom' is the most common non(ostetrical surgical procedure of )omen in

the United States: Appro0imatel' >$$ out ofever' #$$,$$$ )omen )ill undergo ah'sterectom':

H)sterectom)


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/otal adominal h'sterectom' 4aginal &'sterectom' Supracervical h'sterectom'

?aparoscop'( assisted vaginal h'sterectom' ?aparoscopic supra cervical h'sterectom' adical h'sterectom'

)pes of H)sterectomies


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During this procedure, the uterus isremoved through the vagina: A vaginalh'sterectom' is appropriate onl' forconditions such as uterine prolapse,

endometrial h'perlapsia, or cervicald'splasia: /he )oman )ill need to have herlegs raised up in a stirrup device throughoutthe procedure:

0aginal H)sterectom)


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7?A4&9 is similar to the vaginalh'sterectom' procedure descried aove,ut it adds the use of a laparoscope: Alaparoscope is a ver' thin vie)ing tue )ith

a magnif'ing glass(like device at the end ofit: %ertain )omen )ould e est served 'having laparoscop' used during vaginalh'sterectom' ecause it allo)s the upperadomen to e carefull' inspected duringsurger':

*aparoscop)3assisted 'aginal$)sterectom) *-0H5


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