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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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Stefania Chicca – Aurelia MicroelettronicaFranco Bigongiari – Aurelia MicroelettronicaJesus Lopez Soto – EADS Astrium CrisaCascais, Portugal 2Cascais, Portugal 2ndnd September 2008 September 2008
Mixed-Signal ASIC for Rover Environmental Mixed-Signal ASIC for Rover Environmental Monitoring SystemMonitoring System
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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PRESENTATION CONTENTSRover Environmental Monitoring System
• REMS ASIC Presentation• REMS ASIC Functional Overview• ASIC Analog interface• Internal Analog to Digital Converter• Test Activity: temperature tests and comments on test
results• Qualification activity: actual status and qualification
flow
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASICMMars Mission in 2009 funded by NASA/Spanish GovernmentTTo investigate the past and present habitability at the surface of MarsAAurelia is subcontractor of CRISA-EADS Astrium
Front-end ASIC for wind, Front-end ASIC for wind, temperature and temperature and humidity sensorshumidity sensors
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
44
REMS ASIC GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAMREMS ASIC GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
RS422
M U X
RS422
DATA &
CONF
UART ANALOG FRONT END
ON CHIP CALIBRATION
MUX & ADC
MIXED MODE FRONT END (WIND SENSORS) D DATA
REGISTER
feedback
anti alias & ADC
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASIC building blocksREMS ASIC building blocks• 12 PC sigma-delta channels to interface with wind sensors• 3 channels to measure the threshold temperature of sigma delta
channels• 4 channels to amplify the thermopile signals • 1 channel to amplify the air temperature sensor signal• 1 channel to measure the temperature for thermopile calibration
purposes• 1 channel to heat two of the thermopile sensors• 7 channels to amplify the temperature PT signals• 1 external channel• Power on reset generator• Voltage reference circuit• Bias section to provide current bias to the sensors and to the internal
circuitry• 16 bit sigma delta A/D converter • Clock receiver on RS-422 Physical Layer and internal clock divider• Logic Control Unit, Configuration Registers, Output Data Registers• UART with RS-422 transmitter/receiver
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASIC Block Diagram & InterfaceREMS ASIC Block Diagram & Interface
clock receiver & generator
dividers
UART IN reg
UART OUT reg
UART & INTERNALCFG & OUTREGISTERS
UART
clk 1.15MHz
toADCMUX
Low gain Amp X ( " 2L_Temp" ) Channel to ADC
+
-40 max,
80mA
Power Current Generator X 1 Channel
Bandgap&
Ref Followers
VCM VHVL
VCM
Reference Biaswith external
resistor
bias [n] Power On Reset
BIAS
MOD
MUX
VC
MV
HV
L
to UART
Analog_IN_OUT+
High Gain Low Noise IR_COND X 4 Channels
ADC
Thermo_Heater+
V_1V
V_1V
IR_COND_n_Sensing+
IR_COND_n_Sensing-
Ref_BIAS
Rtemp_n_Sensing+
Rtemp_n_Sensing-
TX+N
TX-N
RX+N
RX-N
CLK+N
CLK-N
LNPG
A
toMUX
CFG 3 bitfromUART
IR_COND_n_Filtering
17 diff. channels
clk 1.15MHz
resetsignal
to
UART
+
-
AVDD DVDD AGND DGND Analog_IN_OUT-
MUX
MUX
toMUX
V_1V
+
-
IR_CAL" and "Air Temperature" Channels to ADC
Thermo_Cal_Sensing+(Air_Temp_Sensing+)
Thermo_Cal_Sensing-(Air_Temp_Sensing-)
compD
CK
Q
sense X 12 Channels
LATCH_COMP
toUART
power force X 12 Channels
sensor bias X (12 + 3 REF) Channels
CFG 7 bitfrom UART
toMUX
Low Gain Sensor Amp X 3 Channels to ADC
MU
X n
to 1
bias [n]
WD_Rx_IN_nn=0..11WD_Ref_IN_nn=0,1,2
WD_Ref_RTN_nn=0,1,2
WD_Heater_OUT_nn=0..11
WD_Rref_Sensing+_nWD_Rref_Sensing-_nn=0,1,2
Inx Imx
auto zeroedpre-amplifier
internal analogground, 1V
duty cyclelimiter
biasinginterval
modulatorDUTY
RSW OR ADCacquisition
ampREF_OUT
WD_Totalcounter
WD_OUTcounter
controlsfrom
UART
controlsfromUART
+
-
to GND
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASICREMS ASIC
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASIC ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGYREMS ASIC ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGYThe REMS ASIC has been designed for a storing temperature ranging from –135°C to +125°C and an operating temperature ranging from –55°C to 90°C
The ASIC will be warmed up to the minimum operating temperature by an external heater prior to power up
Latch up immunity is provided by XFAB 1.0um CMOS SOI-HV technology
TID level requirement of 7Krad(Si) is not a concern for the selected technology: irradiation tests operated in the frame of other activities showed applicability up to 50Krad
Single event upset mitigation is performed inside the digital section to avoid loss of functionality
ASIC die size: 62.8 mm2
Assembled in CQFP100 package
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASIC SENSOR INTERFACEREMS ASIC SENSOR INTERFACERTemp interface: 7 Pt 1000 sensors are interfaced by the ASIC: internal controlled-current biasing is supplied to the sensor only during signal acquisition to limit self-heating: an internal multiplexer multiplexes the channels to the internal ADC and the biasing current to the sensor which is being acquired
Air_Temp interface: 1 Pt 1000 sensor for measuring the Mars atmosphere temperature and 1 Pt 1000 sensor for measuring the infrared radiation source to calibrate the infrared temperature sensors
Thermopile interface: 3 infrared sensors, whose conditioning chain inside the ASIC offers several programmable gains up to 2048
Therm_heater interface: an heater circuit able to provide up to 100mA is integrated into the ASIC to calibrate in flight the infrared sensors R_therm_cal interface: it is organized to bias and measure a PT 1000 resistor and it is used for calibration purposes
WD_CON wind interface: 3 wind transducers treated inside the ASIC as sigma-delta channels
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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• 3 groups, 4 sensors each
• each sensor is treated by a SD, that drives (with a current Inx) an external heater (Rheater) to keep Rx-sensor temperature at a given value (fixed by Rref, 1Rref/group)
• bias currents for Rx and Rref are multiple of an unique current reference
• internal adjusting on Rref bias current is provided in 64 steps
• the drops on the 3 Rref resistors are amplified and converted by the ADC
• all the heaters are activated in parallel
• force and sense pins on Rref are separated
WD_COND SENSORS CHANNELSWD_COND SENSORS CHANNELS
compD
CK
Q
sense X 12 Channels
CK1
toUART
power force X 12 Channels
REF_BIAS
sensor bias X (12 +1REF) Channels
CFG 6 bitfrom UART
toMUX
Low Gain Sensor Amp X 3 Channels to ADC
MU
X n
to 1
bias [n]
WD_Rx_IN_nn=0..11
WD_Ref_IN_nn=0,1,2
WD_Ref_RTN_nn=0,1,2
WD_Heater_RTN_nn=0,1,2
WD_Heater_OUT_nn=0..1
WD_Rref_Sensing+_nWD_Rref_Sensing-_nn=0,1,2
Inx Imx
auto zeroedpre-amplifier
internal analogground, 2.5V
duty cyclelimiter
biasinginterval
modulatorDUTY
RSW
ampREF_OUT
WD_Totalcounter
WD_OUTcounter
toUART
controls fromUART
controls fromUART
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1111
+
-
-
+
C
C
IA
V25
V25
V25 V25
V25
V25
+
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
Track & HoldIII stage:programmable gain256, 500, 2000 byacting on capacitorratio
I stage:programmable gain 8to 128 by acting onfeedback DAC
II stage:only used for offsetcancellation purposes
internally connectedto 2.5V
IR_COND Thermopile channelsIR_COND Thermopile channels
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1212
Pt, Air_temp, IR_CAL, REF_Amp ChannelsPt, Air_temp, IR_CAL, REF_Amp Channels
R_TEMP_N_Sensing+
R_TEMP_N_Sensing-
amp
+
-
+
-
buffer
analog ground 2
analog ground 1
+
+-
-
10K
AVDD
Temperature
active onlyduring ADCacquisition
to ADC
Single-ended to differential conversion (with 2.5V common mode)common mode range: analog_ground 1 = 1V analog_ground 2 = 1.5V
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASIC DIGITAL SECTIONREMS ASIC DIGITAL SECTIONThe digital section contains:
RS422 receiver RS422 Transmitter Control Unit
The control unit decodes the command and prepares the answer, manages the acquisition from wind sensor channels and stores the data coming from ADC.
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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REMS ASIC DIGITAL SECTIONREMS ASIC DIGITAL SECTION
RX ShiftRegisters
andControl
TX ShiftRegisters
andControl
Data-RX
Data-TX
CommandsDecoder
andHandling
Unit
Configuration Registers Output
Reset Request Output
DataHandling
UnitConverted Analogue Data
(16 bits)
Com
man
d Ec
ho
Ana
logu
e D
ata
Dum
p En
able
Win
d Se
nsor
Dat
aD
ump
Enab
le CONTROLUNIT
UART
Countersfor 12 Wind
SensorChannels
From 12 WindSensor
Comparators
ADC MUX Selector (5 bits)
RSW and Duty
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1515
REMS ASIC A/D CONVERSIONREMS ASIC A/D CONVERSION
Internal Analog to Digital II order sigma-delta converter is integrated with programmable conversion time: the converter provides an analog anti-aliasing active filter before conversion and a digital filter on converted samples after decimation down to 400Hz cutoff frequency: the noise filtering is achieved internally to the ASIC in this way (no need for software-processing the converted data).
z-1
1-z-1
z-1
1-z-11/4
1/4
1/3
Fig. ‑1: ADC z-domain representation
X Y
II order sigma delta ADC
Decimation filter
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1616
REMS ASIC TEST ACTIVITYREMS ASIC TEST ACTIVITY
A dedicated test setup has been developed in Labview environment to allow automatic testing.
On the right, the output for an infrared channel as a function of the input voltage is shown: however, relevant parameters are downloaded directly into datalog files.
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1717
REMS ASIC TEST RESULTS: INFRARED REMS ASIC TEST RESULTS: INFRARED CHANNELSCHANNELS
• Repeatability of parameters on different samples
• Gain accuracy: 512,256,128,64,32 and 16 <2.5%. 2048: max 3% 8: max 2.8%
• The output range of the channels is a valid value for the input ADC input range in all cases but one, (2048 3.5V, some saturation occurs at full scale).
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1818
REMS ASIC TEST RESULTS: Pt 1000 REMS ASIC TEST RESULTS: Pt 1000 channelschannels
• Electrical test emulates sensor resistance variation with temperature by means of a 16 bit DAC-provided voltage
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
1919
REMS ASIC TEST RESULTS: Pt 1000 REMS ASIC TEST RESULTS: Pt 1000 channelschannels
Gain Variation versus Temperature
3,5
3,8
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature °C
gain
R0 Air_temp R_therm
R0 T=90°C T=25°C T=0°C T=-20°C T=-40°CGain 3,5858 3,5772 3,6004 3,5872 3,5895Offset -3,6501 -3,5963 -3,5895 -3,5474 -3,5058INL 1,32 4,02 3,33 1,47 2,1Air_temp T=90°C T=25°C T=0°C T=-20°C T=-40°CGain 3,5935 3,599 3,598 3,6044 3,5948Offset -3,875 -3,85226 -3,8228 -3,7968 -3,7425INL 1,55 1,8 1,75 1,83 2,33R_therm T=90°C T=25°C T=0°C T=-20°C T=-40°CGain 3,5962 3,6018 3,5963 3,5916 3,595Offset -3,8806 -3,8549 -3,8198 -3,7842 -3,7418INL 1,01 6,15 1,77 3,02 2,19
Gain and offset deviation over temperature
R0 T=25°C vs T=-40°C T=25°C vs T=90°CGain Deviation -0,34% -0,24%Offset Deviation 2,52% -1,50%Air_temp T=25°C vs T=-40°C T=25°C vs T=90°CGain Deviation 0,12% 0,15%Offset Deviation 2,85% -0,59%R_therm T=25°C vs T=-40°C T=25°C vs T=90°CGain Deviation 0,19% 0,16%Offset Deviation 2,93% -0,67%
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2020
BIAS SECTION: CURRENTS STABILITY & MATCHINGBIAS SECTION: CURRENTS STABILITY & MATCHINGIx Current Ix Full Scale Ix Zero Scale IREF Ix Current Ix Full Scale Ix Zero Scale IREF Ix Current Ix Full Scale Ix Zero Scale IREF
CH 0 99,7 95,7 104,1 98 98,7 94,5 102,5 96,6 100 96,9 104,4 97,8CH 1 100,1 96,1 103,7 98 98,8 94,5 102,5 96,6 100,8 97,8 104,6 97,8CH 2 99,6 96,4 103,9 97,5 98,9 94,6 102,4 97,2 99,6 95,5 104,2 98CH 3 100,3 95,97 104,4 97,5 98,8 95,1 102,2 97,2 100,6 96 103,9 98CH 4 100,1 96,05 104,8 97,5 99,6 93,8 101,8 97,2 99,4 95,9 103,8 98CH 5 100,4 96,6 104,2 97,5 99,3 95,7 103,2 97,2 100,5 97 104 98CH 6 99,6 95,6 103,5 98 98,3 94,6 102 96,6 100,2 96,2 103,7 97,8CH 7 99,4 95,38 103,6 98 99,3 95 101,8 96,6 99,3 95,5 103,5 97,8CH 8 99,6 95,43 103,6 97,3 98,6 93,6 102,1 96,8 101,1 97,1 104 97,9CH 9 99,6 94,88 103,5 97,3 98,9 94,6 102,1 96,8 99,7 96,1 103,7 97,9CH 10 100,7 97,23 104,3 97,3 98,6 94,7 102 96,8 100,1 96,4 103,9 97,9CH 11 100,3 96,08 103,9 97,3 98,7 94 102,8 96,8 99,6 94,9 103,4 97,9
Input Currents (VDD=5V)
T Room T=-55°C T=90°C
Ix (bias) versus channel number
98
98,5
99
99,5
100
100,5
101
101,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 channels
Ix C
urre
nt (u
A)
T RoomT=-55°CT=90°C
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2121
SCREENING FLOWSCREENING FLOWThe screening has been performed on 210 parts according to requirements NASA GSFC EEE-INST-002
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2222
SCREENING FLOWSCREENING FLOW
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2323
SCREENING FLOWSCREENING FLOW Big effort has been put to find a glue for die attach
able to survive at –135°C
30 parts have been selected after screening and an extra electrical characterization has been performed (the measurements have been repeated between –55°C and 90°C with 10°C step).
On the 10 parts out of 30 have been performed further electrical test between –55°C to –135°C to verify the possibility to work at temperature near to mars atmosphere.
Only one part doesn’t work down to –65°C6 parts work correctly down to –135°C but the
parameters are out of specification3 parts work correctly down to –135°C with the
expected parameters
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2424
QUALIFICATION FLOWQUALIFICATION FLOW
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2525
QUALIFICATION FLOWQUALIFICATION FLOW
REMS ASIC is classified as SCD Level 2 (Source-Vendor Control Drawing) according to EEE-INST-002 Section M3, Microcircuits, Monolithic: as a consequence, the qualification flow included in EEE-INST-002 is followed(to allow screening according to the reliability standard MIL-PRF-38535, Class Q, QML-38535).
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2626
THERMAL CYCLING PLANTHERMAL CYCLING PLAN
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
2727
QUALIFICATION ACTIVITY: THERMAL CYCLESQUALIFICATION ACTIVITY: THERMAL CYCLESD2009 (REF NO CYCLES) D2003 (6200 CYCLES) D2004 (6200 CYCLES) D2006 (6200 CYCLES) D2008 (6000 CYCLES)
115 110 125 120 105-1,653 -1,778 -1,660 -1,583 -1,637-1,730 -1,716 -1,654 -1,728 -1,641-1,648 -1,567 -1,647 -1,687 -1,594-1,719 -1,567 -1,758 -1,699 -1,664-1,689 -1,652 -1,573 -1,653 -1,665-1,645 -1,669 -1,607 -1,796 -1,666-1,706 -1,575 -1,608 -1,709 -1,562-1,731 -1,586 -1,678 -1,665 -1,772-1,668 -1,784 -1,708 -1,727 -1,60565,077 67,430 66,689 66,023 69,38265,371 61,925 65,113 68,641 63,71264,804 62,936 68,706 65,895 62,53166,189 66,405 65,943 66,617 66,053-1,614 -1,644 -1,685 -1,687 -1,683
OK OK OK OK OK
120 110 125 120 115
6000 cycles The ICC is constant during
the test, NO heating effect is
observed The gain are linear and NO
changes of slope are observed
Reference Sample No cycling
The ICC is constant during the test, NO
heating effect is observed The gain are linear and
NO changes of slope are observed
6200 cycles The ICC is constant during
the test, NO heating effect is
observed Some gain are not linear and There are changes of
slope.
6200 cycles The ICC is increase lightly
during the test, A little heating effect is
observed The gain are linear and
some changes of slope are observed
6200 cycles The ICC is increase lightly
during the test, A little heating effect is
observed The gain are linear and
some changes of slope are observed
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AMICSA 2008: REMS ASICAMICSA 2008: REMS ASIC
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
A mixed-signal ASIC for signal acquisition and data conditioning has been presented
The ASIC will be used in a meteorological package, to be integrated in the Mars Science Laboratory Rover payload, for being launched on 2009.
The general architecture of ASIC has been presented and some blocks have deeply discussed
A summary of screening and qualification flow have been shown.
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