Some Abbreviation
1 C.S: Charaka Samhitā
2 S.S: Sushruta Samhitā
3 A.S: Asthanga Samgraha
4 A.H: Asthanga Hridaya
5 BPN: Bhavaprakash Nighantu
6 S.N: Saushruta Nighantu
7 D.N: Dhanwantari Nighantu
8 R.N: Raj Nighantu
9 K.N: Kaiyadeva Nighantu
10 Y.T: Yogaratnakār
11 K.S: Kasyāp Samhita
12 G.N: Gada Nigraha
13 Bha: Bhaisajyaratnawali
14 Ci.S: Chikitsasthana
15 Su.S: Sutra sthana
16 U.S: Uttara Sthana
17 Ka.S: Kalpa Sthana
18 Sa.S: Sarir Sthana
S.N Table of Content Page no:
1. Introduction to Ayurveda 4
2. Introduction to Dravyaguna 4 -7
3. Punarnava in samhitas 7 -16
Charaksamhita(1000 BC)
Sushrutasamhita(1000BC)
AstangaHridayasamhita) (7th century)
Astanga sangraha(6th century)
Kasayapa samhita
Saranghadharsamhita(6th century)
4. Punarnava and its indication according to chikitsagranthas 17 -19
Gadanigraha(12th century)
Yoganatrakar- purbardha(17th century)
Bhiasjyaratnawali(18th century)
Chakra Dutt(1931 AD)
5. Punarnava in Nighantus 19 -28
BhavprakashNighantu (16th century) ,
Avinab nighantu(1850 AD)
Nighant Ratnakar part-2(1934 AD)
Shankar nighantu(1935 AD)
BrihatNighantratnakar (1955 AD)
Nepali Nighantu(1968 AD)
Nighnatu adarsh(1984 AD)
Shaushruta nighantu(2000 AD)
Madanpal nighantu(2009 AD,1st edition)
Kaiyadeva nighantu(2009 AD)
Raj Nighantu(2010 A.D)
6. Punarnava in Modern Texts 28 -41
Laboratory manual of plant taxonomy(N.S. Subrahmanyam,1996 AD)
In dravyaguna vigyan,vol=3rd (Gyanendra pandey,2004 AD)
In compendium of medicinal plant in Nepal(Puran Prasad kurmi &S.R. Baral,2006 AD)
Ayurvedic pharmacology and therapeutic uses of medicinal plants(Vaidya V.M Gogte,2009AD)
In Dravyaguna vigyan(priyavratsharma- 2nd volume)
7. Scientific classification 41
8. Medicinal use 41
9. Phytochemistry 41 -42
10. Floral diagram and Floral formula 42
11. Conclusion 43
12. Bibiliography 44 -46
Introduction to Ayurveda Ayurveda is a veda (book) of ayush (life). To lead a healthy life and to get rid of or to get cured of diseases, herbs are being used since ancient time. Each and every dravya has it's own guna (property) and karma (function), by which the dravya is utilised for remedial purposes. The science in which dravya is studied in detail is called as Dravya-guna-vigyan (Herbology). Dravya-guna-vigyan is based on the ideas of satva-raja-tama, panchmahabhootas and various experiences derived from the study of balance-imbalance of basic components of the universe. Dravya-guna-vigyan has been formulated in context with swasthya (health) and rugna (disease). The basic ideas have been developed keeping the patient in mind. Dravya-guna-vigyan is thus a science of treatment. The concept of herbology (dravya-guna-vigyan) Dravya-guna-vigyan is not only a useful factor for swasthya (maintenance of health) and chikitsa (treatment) but is also the chief factor involved in various substances as well as non-substances which are instrumental in vitiating health and creating disharmony in the equilibrium of body components. The use of Dravya-guna-vigyan is necessary for restoring this equilibrium. If drugs are to be used then through knowledge of these is essential. According to Vedas... It has been seen, that mention of the use of medicinal plant is found in all the four Vedas namely Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. Ayurveda, which is a text on the preventive and curative aspects of disease, is a part of Atharvaveda. Herbs are being used since ancient time to maintain health, to treat disease and regain the healthy state of mind and body. All the above mentioned Vedas have described herbs (medicinal plants) in different ways but the concept of pran (life) is common to all. According to Rigveda one who possesses a variety of herbs should be called as a vaidya (Ayurvedic Physician). In Atharvaveda mainly four types of treatments have been mentioned: • Atharvani • Angirasi • Daivi • Manushi Among these four, Manushi refers to the use of plants in its treatment. Treatment by dravyas or herbs of plant origin is given more emphasis than by
animal source. The panchabhautik composition of herbs, their rasas, vipak, veerya etc. are classified on the basis of their action. Though medicinal classification is action based, it is also done on morphological basis in relation to diet.
Herbs are used in the following forms
Formula Name Meanings
Kashaya Decoctions.
Churana Powders.
Ghrut Ghee preparation.
Rasa Mercuric preparation.
Mishra Miscellaneous preparations
Gutika Pills.
Avleha Linctus (syrups).
Tail Oil.
Lepa External application.
Dhup Fume, fumigation.
Aasavarishta Tonic wines.
Dumra Smoking.
Nasya Nasal drops.
Anjan Corrylium (drugs used for internal application in eyes).
Kalp Mixture of drugs.
Guggul Guggul, extract of gum.
Pak Semi - solid sweet preparation.
Specific Characters The five main characteristics of herbs are discussed herein
• Ras - When a substance is produced from panchamahabhootas (five elements), at that time different tastes develop in the substance depending on the proportion of the panchamahabhootas e.g. sweet, sour, salty, bitter and astringent. • Vipak - Diet or drugs, both, as they get digested, undergo change i.e. the food item that initially taste sweet, has an altogether different taste after digestion due to the digestion brought about by the jathragni.
Vipak is of three types : o Madhur (sweet) o Amla (sour) o Katu (pungent)
Veerya - The effectiveness of all gunas (properties) is known as veerya. It consists of two types : o Sheet veerya o Ushna veerya • Prabhav - The innate and specific property of a dravya is known as pravhav. This means that a specific action generated by prabhav may prove to be generated by it through circumstantial evidence but the exact mechanism by which prabhav brings about the action is hard to describe. A prabhav attributed to a particular dravya can be obtained only by using that particular dravya, any other dravya with the same properties and actions will not be able to generate the same prabhav i.e. dravyas (herbs) have their own exclusive prabhav. • Karma - The changes brought about by the dravyas through their rasa, gunas etc. within the body are known as karma (action) for e.g. Panchakarma, langhan, bruhan etc. Dravya -samskar (Basic preparations of herbs) The drugs selected for the treatment of any disease may be of plant origin/animal origin/mineral origin. • To make them fit for therapeutic administration and to keep them potent for many days, they have to undergo some modifications known as "Samskara" • A small quantity of a simple drug becomes component to cure even the most complicated disease by the influence of different modifying procedures, such as: o Toyagni Sannikarsa (Contact of drug with liquid and heat) o Sauca (Purification / Detoxification) o Manthan (Churning)
o Vasana ( Flavouring) o Bhavana (Trituration / grinding) o Kala Prakarsa (Time factor) Fundamental preparations for the dravyas are known as "Panchavidh Kasaya Kalpana" (five fundamental preparations) and they are as follows 1. Swarasa (Extracted juice) 2. Kalka (Paste) 3. Kasaya (Decoction) 4. Hima (Cold infusion) 5. Phanta (Hot infusion) These five fundamental preparations are potent therapeutically in their ascending order and are light for digestion in their descending order. Swarasa is the most potent preparation but heavy for digestion and Phanta preparation is the least potent and lightest for digestion. A patient having good digestive power but suffering from a chronic and severe disease, Swarasa Kalpana is advisable. A patient having weak digestive power and less severity of disease, Phanta Kalpana could be advised.
Punarnava in Charaka Samhita
;'q:yfg
anf+ Zjb+i6|f+ a[xtLd]/08+ ;k'g{gjDf\
ojfG s'nTyfG sf]nflg u'8"rL+ dbgflg r C.S.Su.2/12
Punarnava along with other plants such as
eranada,yava,kulattha,kola,guduchi,madana,palasha,etc;may be used as non-
unctous enema in udavarta and constipation.With this very group of drug may be
prepared unctuous enema for alleviation of vata.
bf]iffg's{ilf0fL dfqf ;{jdf{ufg';fl/0fL
aNof k'g{gjs/L z/L/]Gbl|or]t;fDf34 C.S.Su.13/34
The punarnava along with other herbs are prepared as sneha which is used for the
person suffering from eruptions,boils,pimples ,itching eczema,leprosy,urinary
disorders and vatarakta.
zf]ef~hgs}/08f{sj[ZrL/k'g{gjfojltns'nTydfifab/f0fLltbz]dflg :j]bf]kuflg ejGlt
C.S.Su.4/22
The punarnava along with other herbs of Swedopaga Gana are used in swedan
process.
b|fIffeofdnslkKknLb'/fnefz[ª\uLs06 sfl/sfj[ZrL/k'g{gjftfdnSo Olt bz]dflg sf;x/f0lf
ejGlt C.S.Su.4/36
The punarnava along with other herbs such as Abhaya,Pippali,Aamalaki,
Durlava,etc are used in treatment of Kasa.
cd[tfऽeofwfqLd'StfZj]tfhLjGTolt/;fd08"sk{0fL:ly/fk'g{gjf Olt bz]dflg joM:yfkgflg ejGlt
C.S.Su.4/50
Punarnava along with Abhaya,Dhatri,Rasana,Jiwanti,Mandukaparni, etc are used
as Rejuvinating drugs.
lrlsT;f:yfg
b|fIffk'g{gjfrJob'/fnDefDnj]t;}M
z[ª\uLtfdnsLef{uL/f:gfuf]If'/s}M kr]Tf\ C.S.Ci.18/125
Punarnava along with other herbs such as
Kantakari,Sunthi,Pippali,Marich,,Karchur,Chitrakamula,etc are made paste and
Kantakari Ghrita is prepared which is used in Swasha,Kasha, and Hikka.
k'g{gj}/08ztfj/LleM kQ"/j[ZrL/anfZdleb\leM
b\ljk~rd"n]g s'nTysf]noj}Zr tf]of]TSjlyt] siffo]
C.S.Ci.26/45
The Mishraka Sneha is prepared from black Punarnava along with
Variyara,Pashanavheda,Eranda-mula,etc is used in case of Vataja Dysurea.
sf{kf;d"n+ j[ifsfZde]bf} anf :ly/fbLlg uj]w'sf r 68
j[ZrL/ P]Gb|L r k'g{gjf r ztfj/L dWj;gfVok{0of}
tTSjfyl;b\wM kjg] /;M :ofT lkQ]ऽlws] IfL/dyflk ;{lkM C.S.Ci.26/69
The decoction of Punarnava along with
Karpash,Pashanaveda,Bala,Satawari,Madhuparni,etc is given in case of Vataja
Dysurea involving Renal Calculs.
sNk:yfg
hfTofM ;f}dg;floGof /hGofZrf]/s:o r
j[ZrL/:o dxfIf'b|;xfx}djt:o r C.S.Ka.4/16
laDAofM k'g{gjfof jf sf;d{b:o jf k[ys\
Ps+ wfdf{uj+ b\j] jf siffo] kl/d[Bt'
k"t+ dgf]ljsf/]if' lka]b\jdgd'QdDf\ C.S.Ka.4/17
The decoction of Punarnava along with Dhamargava
fruit,Mansparni,Mudraparni,vacha,Kundru,Kasamarda,etc is used in cure of mental
diseases.
l;b\lw:yfg
k'g{gj}/08j[iffZde]bj[ZrL/e"tLsanfknfzfM
b\ljk~rd"n+ r knf+lzsflg If'00fflg wf}tflg kmnflg rfi6f} C.S.Si.3/65
Here the Punarnava along with other herbs such as
Pasanvheda,bala,palash,sariwan,yasthimadhu,sarsho,madanphal,dhanyaka, etc is
used in making Punarnavadi nirooh vasti.
kl/:/fj] z[t+ IfL/+ ;j[ZrL/k'g{gjDf\
cfv'k{0lfsof jfऽlk t08'nLoso'Stof C.S.Si.10/32
The paste of both Red and White Punarnava along with other herbs such as
Musaparni,Chauraai,etc is prepared and given as Vasti to cure Parisrava.
Punarnava in Sushruta Samhita
;'q:yfg
lkKknLdl/rz[ª\uj]/f{b|
slxª\u'hL/ss':t'Da'?hDaL/;'d'v;'/;f{hse":t[0f;'uGwssf;d{bssfndfns'7]/sIfjsv/k'iklzU?
dw'lzU?km0lfH´s;{ifk/flhsfs'nfxnfju'Tyu08L/ltnk{0lfsfj{iffe"lrqsd"nsnz'gsnfoknf08'k|e[
tLlg S.S.Su.46/221
As explained in the text,Punarnava and other harbs such as
Sigru,sarshyu,rajika,mulaka,chitraka etc are used as spinach in food.
j{iffe"M skmjft3\gL lxtf zf]kmf]b/f{z;fDf\ S.S.Su.46/239
Varshabu is useful as kapha-vata samaka,sopha,udar roga and arsa roga.
lrlsT;f:yfg
tq cfbfj]j ax'jft/"IfDnfgfª\ufb[t] df{ufj/0ffb[i6zf]0lft d;s[bNkf=== ojdw's}/0f8ltnj{iffe"le{jf
k|b]xM sf{oM tq r"{0lft]if' === dw'lzU?d"ndfn]k:ltnsNsf] j]lt jftk|an] S.S.Ci.5/7
The Punarnava along with other herbs are made decoction which can be used for
Vata-rakta.
Zn]idk|an] Tjfdnsxl/b|f siffo+ dw'dw'/+ kfoo]Tf\ === kl|ofn;]n'slkTysNsM dw'lzU?k'g{gjfsNsM
Jof]ifltStfk[ys\k{0fLj[xtLsNs OTo]t]iff+ k~r k|b]xfM ;'vf]i0ffM Iff/f]bslki6fM zflnk{0fL k[Zlgk{0fL
a[xTof} jf IfL/lki6f:t{k0fld>fM S.S.Ci.5/10
The decoction of varshabu along with the other herbs is used to treat the kaphaja
ashmari.
eNnftslaNjfDa'lkKknLd"nf]bsL{ofj{iffe"k'g{gjflrqsz6L:g'xL j?0fsk'is/bGtLkYof bzknf]Gldtf
ojsf]ns'nTyf+Zr k|f:lysfG ;lnnb|f] 0f] lgiSjfYo rt'{efufjlzi6]ऽjtf{o jrflqj[Ts
DlkNnsef{uLlgr'nz'07LuhlkKknLlj8ª\u/f]W/lz/Liff0ff+ efu}/{wklns}{3[tk|:y+
ljkfro]Gd]xZjoy's'i7u'Ndf] b/f{zMKnLxljb| lwlk8sfgf+ gfzg+ gfDgf wfGjGt/Df\ S.S.Ci.12/5
The decoction of Punarnava along with
Bilva,Ambu,Vallataka,Puskarmula,Danti,Haritaki,etc, can be used in Prameha
pidika.
ljbfl/sf+ ;dEoHo :ljGgf+ ljDnfKo n]ko]Tf\
guj[lQsj{iffe"laNjd"n}M ;'k]ilft}M S.S.Ci.20/12
The roots and paste of Varsabhu,Bilva,Naga-vrittika should be applied to cure
Vidarika.
ct ऊ{Wj+ ;fdfGolrlsTl;td'kb]If\ofdM ltNjs3[trt'{yflg ofGo'StfGo'b/]if' ttf]ऽGotdd'ko'Hodfg+
Zjoy'dkxGlt d"qj{ltSl/of+ jf ;]j]t gjfo;+ jfऽx/x{dw'gf
lj8ª\ufltljiffs'6hkmneb|bf?gfu/dl/rr"{0f+ jf w/0fd'i0ffDa'gf lqs6'Iff/foZr"{0fflg jf
lqkmnfsiffo]0f d"q+ jf t'NoIfL/+ x/LtsL+ jf t'Nou'8fd'ko'~hLt b]jbf?z'07L+ jf u'Uu'n'+ jf d"q]0f
j{iffe"siffofg'kfg+ jf t'Nou'8+ z[ª\uj]/+ jf j{iffe"siffo+ d"nsNs+ jf ;z[ª\uj]/+ kof]ऽg'kfgdx/x{df;+
Jof]ifj{iffe"siffol;b\w]g jf ;{lkiff d'b\uf]n'DafG eIfo]T lkKknLlkKknLd"nrJolrqsdo"/sj{iffe"l;b\w+
jf IfL/+ lka]T ;xf}ifwd'/ª\uLd"nl;b\w+ jf lqs6's}/08Zofdfd"nl;b\w+ jf
j{iffe"z[ª\uj]/;xfb]jbf?l;b\w+ jf tyfऽnfa"laeLtskmnsNs+ jf t08'nfDa'gf Iff/lkKknLdl/
rz[ª\uj]/fg'l;b\w]g r d'b\uo"if]0ffnj0f]gfNk:g]x]g ef]ho]b\ojfGg+ uf]w"dfGg+ jf
j[Ifsf{sgStdfnlgDaj{iffe"Sjfy}Zr kl/if]sM ;{ifk;'j{rnf;}Gwjzf{ª\u]i6fleZr k|b]xM sf{oMoyfbf]if+
r jdglj/]rgf:yfkgflg tLIf\0ffGoh:/d'k;]j]t :g]x:j]bf]kgfxf+Zr l;/fleZrfeLIf0f+
zf]0lftdj;]ro]bGoqf]kb| jzf]kmflblt S.S.Ci.23/12
First of all,the Punarnava(varsabhu) along with other herbs such as
Tilva,Bidanga,Triphala,Kutaja,Maricha,Devadaru,Sunthi,etc are used to prepare
decoction and the Guggulu is either dissolved in cow’s urine or in the this
decoction can be used in case of Sotha.
zDkfsf]?a'j{iffe"jflhuGwflgzfR5b}M
k~rd"nLanf/f:gfu'8"rL;'/bf?leM S.S.Ci.38/43
A decoction of varshabu along with Rasana,vasaka,Rohisa,Eranda,Dasa-mula
group,etc can be given in case of disease due to the dearranged vayu localized in
the region of the thigh,legs,coxcy,sides and bills of shoulder, manya,head and
neck.The prepration used here is in the form of Sneha vasti.
pQ/:yfg
j[ZrLjlaNjj{iffEjM koZrf]bsd]j r
kr]T IfL/fjlzi6+ t' tb\lw ;{jHj/fkxDf\ S.S.U.39/202
Punarnava along with other herbs are made paka in water and milk and when milk
is only left ,it is given to drink,it cures all types of fever.
j[ZrLjd'?a"s+ r j{iffe"{a[xtLb\joDf\
lrqs+ r hnb|f] 0f] kSTjf kfbfjz]ilftDf\ S.S.U.42/46
Sveta Punarnava along with red punarnava and other herbs are made decoction,in
which honey and darang churna is mixed and left for 10 days.Now thid can be
given after complete digestion of food and this cures Arista
gulma,avipaka,anorexia.
kmNu'j[ZrL/b{efZd;f/r"{0f+ r jfl/0ff
;'/]If'/;b{efDa'kLt+ s[R5|?hfkxDf\ S.S.U.59/24
The Punarnava along with other herbs is used to cure the complication of painful
micturation.
sNk:yfg
lnXofGdw'o'tf+ Zj]tf+ Zj]tf+ rflk k'g{gjfDf\
U/GyoM sf]lsn]gf]U/f Hj/f] bfxZr bf?0fM S.S.Ka.7/24
j{iffe"gLlngLSjfysNsl;b\w+ 3[t+ lka]Tf\
c?0f]gflgnM S?b\wf] jfthfG s'?t] ubfGf\ S.S.Ka.7/25
The decoction and kalka of Punarnava and nilini is prepared in ghrita,if taken
allievates chonic fever,dreadful burning sensation.
Zj]tf+ k'g{gjf+ rf:o bb\ofb\wQ"/sfo'tfDf\
knn+ ltnt}n+ r /"lksfofM kof] u'8M S.S.Ka.7/52
Punarnava along with other herbs such as dhatur,white coal,ghrita are used in the
bite of mad animals poisoning.
Punarnava in Astanga hridaya
lrlsT;f:yfg
k'g{gjlzjfl6sf ;/nsf;d{bfd[tf
k6f]na[xtLkm0lfHhs/;}M koM;+o't}M
3[t+ lqs6'gf r l;b\wd'ko'Ho ;~hfot]
gsf;ljifdHj/Ifo u'bfª\s'/]Eof] eoDf\ A.H.Ci.3/58
The ghrita of punarnava along with Giloya,kasaudi,kastha,siwatika,patol,etc can be
used to cure cough,rheumatic fever,tuberculosis ans piles.
Psfª\uzf]km] j{iffe"s/jL/sls+z's}
ljzfnflqkmnf/f]W/glnsf b]jbf?leM M A.H.Ci.7/25
Here it is explained that Punarnava along with the other herbs can be
used to reduce swelling and tenderness.
d[b\jLsfrJoj{iffe"b'/fnDefDnj]t;}M61
z[ª\uLtfdnsLef{uL/f:gfuf]If'/s}M kr]Tf\
sNs}:tT;{jsf;]if' Zjf;lxWdf;' r]iot] A.H.Ci.3/62
Punarnava is used here for the preparation of punarnavadi ghrita which is used in
treatment of kasa.The punarnava along with saral kastha,kasaudi,giloya, parwal
etc, is used to cure interic fever,tuberculosis and piles.
;'q:yfg
k|Tos k'ikL kLt t}nf]bsL{of
Zj]tfo'Ud+ tfk;fgf+ r j[IfM A.H.Su.15/28
Yugma along with white aank,nagadanti,langali,bharangi,rasna,etc, of which arka
is obtained if used cures kapha dosha,meda dosha,isa,krimiroga,kustha .
pQ/:yfg
sfZd{olqkmnf b|f Iffsf;d{blgzfb\jo}M
u'8"rL;}{osfeL?z'sgf;f k'g{gj}M A.H.U.34/18
The kalka of kasamarya,triphala,giloya,satawari,punarnava ect is prepared and
made paka in ghrita.If it is given to drink,it cures all vata roga and is best in
reproductive system of medicine.
lzU?ltNjst{sf/Luhs[i0ffk'g{gj}M
sfnfd[tf{sd"n}Zr k'ik}Zr s/xf6h}M A.H.U.22/66
Punarnava along with other herbs are taken and lepa kalpana is made in sura.If it is
applied frequently for many times oftenly cures vataja goitre.
Punarnava in Astanga samgraha
;"q:yfg
!....................j[ZrLjgg{jfdxnf;nf...............jdgf]kof]UfLlg .. A.S.Su.14/2
Punarnava along with other drugs such as madanphala,jimutaka,etc is kept under Vamanopayogi(emetic) drugs.
@................s'i7/f:gfk'gg{gsQ0fd'nflg..............lg?xf]kof]uLlg .. A.S.Su.14/4
Punarnava along with other drugs such as madanphala,jimutaka,kosataki,dashmula,etc are mentioned as Niroohopayogi drugs.
#............bfIffdnsk'gg{jj[ZrL.............Zjf;zdgfy .. A.S.Su.15/34
Draksha,amalaki,punarnava,abhaya,etc from the Kasaghna gana cures cough and used in treatment of swasa.
lrlsT;f:YffGf
!= bzd"nan}/08d'nk'gg{jfztfj/L ========= ;f}jr{nf9\of+lkg]t\ .. A.S.Ci.13/3
Medicated oil or ghee prepared with decoction of dashmula and other drugs and
the paste of same drug,it should be used for drinking(internal oleation therapy).The
same drug should be used for processing the food and drinks,for preparing balls
and poultice for fomentation,for processing juices.
@= ======= d"nljbf/Ll4k'gg{jSjfy] ==================== siffoflbg]leM sNko]t .. A.S.Ci.13/13
Medicated ghee is prepared with the decoction of drugs of virataradi ganaand the
two punarnava and the paste of trapusha and other drugs is prepared and this ghrit
is used as drink,breaks the store quickly caused by pitta.Decoction,etc(food and
drinks) should be prepared from these drugs only as stated earlier.
#= ztfj/Luf]If'/sj[xtL4ok'gg{jf]zLdw's ========== k\dbf oyf sfndf;+Vof Olt ..A.S.Ci.13/24
Medicated oil is prepared from decoction of punarnava along with other drugs,four
parts of milk,paste of Bala..etc.This oil should be used for uttar vasti(Douche of
urinary bladder).
In case of sukrasmari(seminal stone) after purifying the alimentary tract and
in order to purify the receptacle of semen,the patient who is strong should be asked
to eat meat which increases sexual desire and the meat of cock,to his heart content
and then indulge in sexual intercourse with women,as appropriate to the season.
Punarnava in Sarangdhar Samhita
k'gg{jfbL of]u
k'gg{jf bf? z'i7L+ l;4fy{ lzw'd]j r . lki6\jf r}jf/gfn]g n]kM ;j{zf]wlht ..#..
The paste is made with the rice wash and applied relieve all kinds of sotha.
k'gg{jf /; lqmof
b'Uw]g s08+ Iff}b|]]0f g]q;|fj+ r ;lif{df ! k'ik+ t}n]g ltld/+ sflHhs]zg lgzfGwtfd\ ..!))..
k'gg{jf ho]bfz' ef:s/l;qld/+ oyf .
Punarnava is used as Anjan with milk dispells kandu with honey,discharges from
the eyes with ghee,puspa(corneal sears),with oil the defects of vision and with
kanjika(rice wash) night blindness.
k'gg{jflb sjfyM kf08'zf]wbf}
k'gg{jfeoflgDabfjL{ljQm/ kn]ns}M ..&^..
u'8'rLgfu/o't}M Sjfyf] uf]d'q;+o'Q M . kf08'sf;fb/Zjf ;z"n ;jf{Ëzf]wxf
Decoction of punarnava along with other drugs is taken with cow’s urine relives
pandu,kasa,udara,swasa,sula,sarbanga sotha.
Punarnava in kaasyap samhita
lrlsT;f :yfg
jif{e"d"nlgisfy+ of]ho]4]jbf?0ff ..
tt\ loj]Gdw';+o'Qm+ z"gf :qL d"j{of ;x .
The decoction of punarnava mula along with devdaru churna and other with honey
is given to women having sotha.
/:gf k'g{gjf s'i7+ tu/+ b]jxf? r .. =================== zfDot] s6'j'tgf ff
The punarnava along with rasana,kustha,tagar,guduchi,triphala,dashamula,etc if
taken cures the Katuputana(sheetaputana).
Punarnava in Gadanigraha
k'gg{jfkf]/hLZj+b+i6«+ kmNu'k|jfn+ r ;be{k'ikd\ .
Iff/fDa'dB]If'/;M ;'lki6+ k]o++ ej]bZdl/zs{/f;' .. $* ..
The kshar of puspa of punarnava along with other drugs is given with
water,alcohol and sugarcane juice is used in the treatment of Ashmari,Sarkarajanya
mutraghata.
Punarnava in Chakra Dutt
!=kg'g{jflbsNs
k'gg{jfljZjlqj[bu'8'rL – ;Dkfs kYof˜ d/bfxsNsd \ .
zf]y] skmf]Ty] dlxiffIfo'Qm+ d"q+ lk]j]4f ;lnn+ ty}iffd\ ..&..
Punarnava along with other drugs is made kalka and mixed with suddha guggula
and made decoction and is given to drink, cures kaphajanya sotha.
@=u'8'rL ;fl/jf b|fIff ztk'ikf kgg{jf .
;u'8f]˜o+ siffoM :ofb \ jftHj/lggfzgM &&..
Decoction of Punarnava along with other drugs is used in the treatment of vataja
jwora.
# k'gg{jfd08'/d
k'gg{jflqj[t+R5'igL – lkKknL dl/rflg r .
lj8Ë b]jsfi7Rr lrqs+ k'is/fx[bod\ ..$!..
lqkmnf+ 4] xl/b] r bGtLHr rljs+ tyf
s6h:o kmn+ ltQmf– lkKknLd"nd':tsd\ ..$@..
Ptflg ;defuflg d08'/ l4u'0f+ taM .
uf]dq]8i6u'0f] kSTjf :yfko]t l:gUw efhg] ..
kf08] zf]wf]b/fgfx z"nfz{M lqmldu'Ndg't\ ..$#..
Punarnava along with other drugs in formulation of Punarnavadi mandura is used
to cure Pandu,Sotha,Udarroga,Pain,Arsha,Krimi and Gulma.
$= o';gg{jf lgDjk6f]nz'i7L ltQmfd[ttfbfj{eofs\ifoM .
;jf{Ëzf]yf]b/sf;z"n+ Zjf;lGgt+kf08'ub+ lgxlGt ..!)..
Decoction of punarnava along with other drugs is used in treatment of Sarvanga
sotha,Udarroga,Kasa,Sula,Swasa,Pandu.
%=k'gg{jfbf? z'i7L Sjfy] d"q] r s]jn]
bzd'n/;] jf˜lk u'Uu'n'M zf]wgfzgM ..!@..
The decoction of Punarnava along with other drugs if taken with cow’s urine or
Dashamula decoction by mixing with guggula cures Sotha.
æk'gg{jfd"nslkTybf?–lr5Ggf] Dbjflrqsd"nl;4fM .
/;fojfUjZr kof+l; e"iffMzf]wy] k|b]of bzd"njfef{M ..@#..
The decoction of Punarnava along with Dashamula kalka and is made siddha with
mamsarasa,yavagu,milk and is given in case of Sotha.
Punarnava in Bhaisajya Ratnawali
k'gg{jflb siffo
k'gg{jfj]Nnhaf0f k'ËljZjlUg kYoflr/ ljNaljNj}M .
s[tM siffoM zdo]bz]iffg\ b'gf{du'Ndu|x0fLsljsf/fg\ ..(..
The decoction of Punarnava along with other drugs is given in case of Gulma and
Grahni.
k'gg{jflb t}nd\
k'gg{jfknzt+ hnbf]0f] ljdfro]b . ===================
==== t}n k'gg{jfVoft+ ;jf{g\ JofwLg\+ Joof]xlt .. !$)–!$^..
The tail made from punarnava along with other drugs is used as in cure of all
diseases internally.
k'gg{jflb d08'/d\
k'gg{jf lqj[R5'i7L lkKknL dl/rfgL r . ==========================
kf08' zf]yf]b/fgfxz"nfy{ M lqmldu'Ndg't\ ..^$–^&..
The formulation made from punarnava along with above drugs is used in the
treatment of Pandu,Sotha,Anaha,Sula,Krimi,Gulma,etc.
k'gg{jflb3[td\
k'gg{jfSjfysNsl;W4 zf]yx/ 3'td\ ..!$!..
The decoction and kalka of Punarnava is made siddha in ghee and is given in case
of sotha.
k'gg{jflbn]k
k'gg{jfbf?z'i7Ll;4fy{lzk|d]j r . lki6\j rf}jf/gfn]g k|]n]kM;j{zf]y lht. ..*@..
Punarnava along with above drugs is made kalka and if used as lepa cures all kinds
of Sotha.
k'gg{jflb Sjfy
k'gg{jf duwhf ==== zf]y] hxflt hN/:o g/:o zL3|d ..@(..
The decoction of punarnava along with other drugs if given to drink cures the sotha
of alimentary tract.
k'gg{jflb r'0f{
k'gg{jf˜ ===== cfdjft+ lgxGTofz' u[w|;Ld'4tfdfly ..%5–%^..
The punarnava along with other drugs is used in treatment of
Aamavata,Gridhasi,etc.
Punarnava in Yoga ratnakar
l6sfsf/ – >L nIdLklt zf:qL, cfo'j]{bfrfo{
P/08d'n+ z/;if{0+ r do"l/osf Zj]t k'gg{jf r ..
:tGo]g lki6\jf s'? ;+lgkft] n]k+ ;bf ;j{ub+ lgxlGt ..@..
Punarnava along with other drugs are used in prepration of Lepa which is used in
treatment of all types of Sannipaat.
cs{u|flGys lzu|bf?rljsf lguff{l08sflkKknL
/f:gfe[Ë k'gg{jf˜gnjrf e"lgDa z'i7Ls[tM ..*..
Punarnava along with other drugs is used to make decoction which is given to cure
Tri-dosha,Sannipata,Sutika roga,different types of Vata roga,sheeta,etc.
Punarnava in Bhavprakash Nighantu
Zj]tk'gg{jf
k'gg{jf Zj]td"nf zf]y£gL bL3{klqsf .. @#$..
s6'M siffofg' /];f kf08'£gL bLkgL k/f . zf]kmlgnfsf/ ZNf]idx/L a£gf]b/k|u't\ .. @#%..
Synonym-punarnava,swetamula,sothagni,dirghapatrika
Latin name-trianthema monogyma (p.c.roy)
English name-spreading hogweed
Guna-sweta punarnava is kasaya
rasa,agnideepaka,panduroga,sotha,vata,pitta,kapha and udarnasaka.
/Qmk'gg{jf
k'gg{jfd/f /Stf /Stk'ikf lznfl6sf . zf]y£gLIf'bjiff{e" j{ifs]t'M sl7lNnsf .. @#^ ..
k'gg{jf?0ff ltStf s6'kfsflxdf n3'M . jftnf u|x0fL Zn]idlkQ/StfljgflzgL .. @#& ..
Synonym-rakta
punarnava,raktapuspha,siwatika,sothagni,kshudravarsabhu,brisket,kattilacka
Latin name-Boerhavia diffusa.
Guna-tikta ,Vipaka-madhura ,Virya-seeta vatahar,kaphapittahar,raktavikar nashak
Description-there are two types of punarnava(sweta and rakta).But in raj nighantu
neela punarnava is also described.
Sweta punarnava-plant doesnot dries out during the ripening of fruit.grows in
rainy season and completes its flowering and fruiting in same season.At the end of
rainy autumn season it is rare.Its is also named named as varsabhu and usually
found in heighty and damp place.If it is free from weeds it grows upto 5-6 feet
long.Leaf usually round ,soft and thick.Stem-hairy,Flower-white,Seed-
triangular,small.
Rakta punarnava-plant dries out during ripening of fruit but the root doesnot dies
which eventually grows into a new plant in favourable rainy season.its
leaf,stem,flower arered in colour.leaf-small,it is consumed as spinach in villages.
Part used-panchanga,esp-mula
Dose-sworasa 10-20 ml,decoction 40-80 ml
Uses-rechaka,pachaka,mutral,kapha nissaraka and
vamaka.Swas,Sotha,kamala,Plihodar,yakritodar,Mutrakrischha,Bidradhi-nasak.The
pralepa is visagna and twokgata sothnasaka.
Punarnava is best kaphanissaraka and its
powder,decoction,seeta,kasaya is used in swasa and achieved best result.
Punarnava in Abhinab Nighantu
Zj]t k'gg{jf
k'gg{jfZj]td"nfzf]yWgLbL3{klqsf ..
s6'M siffofg'/;fkf+8'WgLbLkgLk/f ..
zf]sflgnu/ ZNf]idx/La|0of]b/k|0f't\ .. !$
Sanskrit name-sweta punarnava,swetmula,sothagni,dirghapatrika
Latin name-Boerhavia diffusa linn.
Description-Vishkharpara is prostate herb ,leaf-rounded with red margin,fruit-
small whitish.
Guna-katu,kasaya,agnikaraka,vata nasaka
Uses:pandu,sotha,vatavridhi,kaphadhikkya,badharoga,udarroga,kash,hridyaroga,pil
es and analgesics.
Dose-2 masa
/Qmk'gg{jf
k'gg{jfk/f/Qmf/Qmk'ikflznfl6sf ..
zf]y£gLM If'›jiff{e"j[{ifs]t' M slkNnsM .. !%
k'gg{jf˜?0ffltQmfs6'kfslxdfn3'M ..
jftnfu|x0fLZNf]idlkQ/QmljgflzgL ..
Sanskrit name-Raktapuspa,Silatika,Sothagni,Kshudrabarsabu,rishaketu
Description-leaf-similar to that of Amaranthus,flower-reddish
Guna-Tikta,Vipaka-Seeta,Laghu,Vatakaraka and Grahi
Uses-Kapha and Raktapitta nasaka.
Part used-Panchanga
Dose-2 masa
gLnk'gg{jf
gLnfk'gg{jfgLnfZofdfgLnk'gg{jf
s[i0ffVofgLnjiff{e"gL{lngL:jflewflGjtf .
gLnfk'gg{jfltQms6'i0ffr/;fogf]
x[bf]uof+kf+8'ZJfoy'Zjf;jftskmkxf ..
Sanskrit name-Neela ,Syama,Neelkrishna,Varshabhu,Neeleni
Guna-Tikta,Usna,Rasayana
Uses-Hridya roga,Pandu roga,Sotha,Swasha,Kaphasamaka
Punarnava in Nighantu Ratnakar
l;tjiff{e'jf] d"n+ oy;f kLt+ r k}lts+ x/lt .
rft'ly{s+ ;'lr/h+tfDa'n]g}j eIf0ffbyjf ..
zf]y£gLG›ojfokf7flj8Ëfltljiff3gfM .
SjflyTjf P]if0ffM kLtfM zf]yftL;f/gfzgfM ..
Punarnava along with above drugs is made decoction which if given to drink cures
Ashana,Pitah,Sotha and Atisara.
k'gg{jfjlNnhaf0fk'ª\vf ljZjflUgkYoflr/ljNjlaNj}M .
s[tM siffofM zdo]nz]iffGb'gf{du'Ndu|x0fL ljsf/fg\ .
Punarnava along with above drugs is made decoction and if it is given to drink
,cures the diseases like Gulma and Grahni.
Punarnava in Shankar Nighantu
k'gg{jf
E.N. Spreading hogweed
u'0f
Zj]t k'gg{jf, ltQm, pi0f, siffo, ?lrsf/s, clUg lbks, ?If, dw'/, :j/, x[bosf]nflu lxtsf/L,
zf]y, skm, jft, sf;, cz{, >0f, kf08'/f]u, ljif, pb/, z"n, x[bo/f]u / 8/, Ift /f]unfO{ lgsf]
kf5{ . o;sf] d"n ldg]/ d[t ld;fP/ c+hgsf] ?kdf k\of]u ubf{ cfFvfsf] zf]y lgsf] kf5{ . o;sf]
d'n sNsdf dx ld;fP/ c+hg ubf{ /Qm;|fj gfzs x'G5 . o;sf] d'n dfq hnsf] ;fy cfFvfdf
nufpFbf ltld/ /f]u lgsf] x'G5 . ufO{sf] uf]j/sf] /;df o;sf] d"n / kLkn pdfn]/ c+hg ubf{
/tGwf] lgsf] x'G5 . o;sf] kftsf] /; pi0f x'G5 .Æ
/Qmk'gg{jf ljQm, ;f/s, zf]ygfzs, /Qmk|b/ /f]u, kf08'/f]u / lkQ lgsf] kf5{ . gLnf] k'gg{jf
ltQm, [i0f, /;fog tyf x[bo/f]u kf08'/f]u, zf]w, Zjf;, jf6 / skm gfzs x'G5 . k'gg{jfsf]
kftsf] zfs cToGt ?If tyf jf6, dGbflUg, u'Nd, KnLxL / z"n gfz u5{ .
ljj/0f
k'gg{jf #–$ hftLsf] x'G5 . k"mn /ftf] / ;]tf] x'G5 . o;df ;]tf] k"mnsf] ljif vk/f xf] / /ftf]
k"mnsf] ;fFj cyf{t ubNo'/]gf xf] . ljif vk/fsf] If'k hldgdf k}mlnPsf] x'G5 . kft uf]nf] / /ftf]
ls/fgf ePsf] x'G5 . k"mn ;]tf] x'G5 . ;fF6sf] kft rf}nfO{sf] ;dfg x'G5 / k"mn /ftf] x'G5 .
Punarnava in Brihat-Nighantu
k'gg{jflbSjfy
k'gg{jf ljZjlqj[bu'8'rLZofdfskYof;'/bf?sNsd\ .
zf]y]skmf]Ty]If df+;d"q+Sjfy+lkj]xfKoyr}jt]iffd\ ..
Punarnava along with other herbs is made kalka and is given to drink with cow
urine,cures kaphaja sotha.
k'gg{jflb n]x
k'gg{jfd[tfbf?bzd"n/;fbs] . cf›{s:o/;d:y]u'8=======:ort'nf+kr]t\ .. tlT;Wb]0of]iffq} Zrk[ys
k[ys .
r"0fL{s[t}Zr;+lxt}d{w'gM s8j+lIfo]t\ .n]x]M k'gg{jf]gfd ZNf]id zf]kmlgif"xgM .
jf;fsf;f?lrx/f]ank'i6Øljgjw{gM ..
The Punarnava along with other herbs are used to make avaleha and is used to cure
Sotha,Swasa,Kasa,Anorexia and provides strength and nourishes the body tissue
and increases the digestive fire.
k'gg{jflb r"0f{
k'gg{jfbfJo{d[tfkf7fljZjZjfbf+li6«sfM . /hGof}å]j[xTof] r
lkKknLlrqsj[ifM .. ;defufln;+r"0o{ujf{d"q]0fjf lkj]t\ .
ax'k|sf/+Zjoo'+;j{ufqlj;fl/0fd\ . x+ltrfz'j/f0oi6f} j|0ff+Zr}jf]lTytfglo ..
The Punarnava along with other herbs are made churna and is given to drink with
cow urine,cures soth of whole body and heals the wound.
k'gg{jflb Sjfy
k'gg{jfbf?lgzflgz'+7Lx/LtsL . u"8"rL lrqsf] efËL{
b]jbf? r t}M ztd\ .. kfl0fkfbf]b/d'vk|fKtzf]km+ lgjf/o]t\ ..
The Punarnava along with above herbs is made decoction and if given to drink
cures the Sotha.
k'gg{jflb 3[t
k'gg{jfkq/;fnd"n+ ;+If'Btf]ofd{0fz]ifl;Wbd\ .
rt'y{efu]g3[t]gkSj+k|:y+t'tTsNsknfi6s]g ..
;+;]ljt+jftanf;/f]ufG;jf+{Zr zf]kmfgltb':t/f+Zr .
o'tdf]b/KnLxfu'bfG›]jf+Zrlgx+ltjfî +s'?t]rk'+;fd\ ..
The Punarnava along with amla is made kalka and ghrita is added one fourth of
kalka and is made paka in agni,when only ghrit is left and all kalka is dried in
ghrit,the ghrit if used cures excessive Sotha ,Cyst,Udara,Pliha,Piles and increases
the digestive fire.
k'gg{jflb n]k
k'gg{jfbf? z'+7Ll;Wbfy{M lzu|d]jr .
lki¶fr}jf/gfn]k|n]kM ;j{zf]kmlht\ ..
The Punarnava along with above herbs is made kalka and mixed with kanji and is
used as lepa,cure the Sotha.
k'gg{jflb :j]b
k'gg{jflUglgu'+8LklNft}/+8h}b{n}M .
;xr/}h{n+tKt+tT:j]bM zf]kmxfdtM ..
The Punarnava along with above herbs is cooked and the steam coming out if used
cures the Sotha.
k'gg{jflb of]u
k 'gg{jf d"nsb]jbf?lR5GgfG›]jflrsd"nl;Wbf .
/;fojfu'Zrkof+l;y"iffM zf]km]k|b]ofbzd"n0fdf{ M ..
The Punarnava along with above herbs is made decoction and is given with juice
,yavagu,milk,malt or given with dashamula decoction in case of Sotha.
Punarnava in Nepali Nighantu
!^* ;]tf] k'gg{jf
;++ – k'gg{jf, ljzfv, sl7Nnf, zlzjfl6sf, k[YjL, lzNjiff{e", bL3{kq, sl7Nns, k'gd"{, d+unkqs,
v]tdnf, j[ZrLj, jdf{e", If'b| oqs, zf]kmxgL
L.N. Trianthema Pentandra
:jfefj– tLtf], dw'/f], t/f]+, lk/f] / cljglbks 5 . kSjf:yfdf pi0f 5 . ljifbf]if, x[bo/f]u, sf;,
z'n, /Qmbf]if, kf08", zf]w jftljsf/, skmljsf/, cz{ c?lr, a|Wg/f]u / pbf/f]jfdf lxtsf/L 5 .
ef]s nufpF5 / /;fog 5 .
!^( – /ftf] k'gg{jf
;+= – /Qmk'gg{jf, q'm/f, d08nklqsf, /Qmsf08f, jif{s]t', nf]lxtf, /Qm klqsf, j}zfvL, zf]kmxgL,
/Qmk'liksf, ljifWgL, ;fl/0fL zf]0fkq, zf]vf, k'ge{j, If'b|jif{fe", lzjfl6sf, sl7Nns, /Qmk'ikf
L.N. Boerhavia diffusa
:jefj – tLtf], kSjfzodf kL/f], 708f, xNsf, ;f/s, jftjw{s / u|fxL 5 . skm lkq, /Qmljsf/,
zf]w, /Qmk|b/ / kf08'df pkof]uL 5 .
!&) – gLnf] k'gg{jf
;+ gLn k'gg{jf, Zofdf, s[i0ff, gLnjiff{e", gLlngL .
L.N. Trianthema decandra
:jefj – tftf], kL/f] / pi0f 5 . /;fog 5 . x[bo/f]u, kf08', zf]w, vf;, jftljsf/ / skm
ljsf/df pkof]uL 5 .
Punarnava in Nighantu Adarsha
jif{e' ju{
o;df dfq ;fgf] ;fgf] If'k x'G5 . o;sf] kft ;fbf, cled'v x'G5 . pkoq x'b}g . k'ik
afxosf]ifsf] bn $–% x'G5 . k'ik cEotsf]if x'b}g . o's]z/ % jf w]/} x'G5 . jLh uf]nf] r]K6f] xf] .
o; ju{sf] Mollugo s'6'Dasf] jg:klt dnjf/df kk{6sf] ?kdf pko'Qm x'G5 .
@$=% ljifvk/f
Distribution -ptklt :yfg_ – jiff{ Ct'df ;j{q
pko'Qm c+u – k~rfË, d'n, ;fs
j0f{g
o;sf] Ifk jiff{Ct'df oqtq pd|]sf] x'G5 . of] hldgdf k}mlnPsf] x'G5 . kq uf]nf], df]6f], /; o'Qm,
;fgf] x'G5 . csf][ lt/sf] kft cln 7"nf] x'G5 . kqsf] pWj{tn xl/of] / cw:tn xl/tfe wjn
x'G5 . kqsf] ls/fgf u'nfaL of /ftf] x'G5 . kqsf] pWj{tfndf cfOUnf;n] x]bf{ ;"Id rdlsnf]
cg]s ljGb'x? b]lvG5g\ . o:t} cB:tndf klg x'G5 . pkkq x'b}g . k's]z/ !) b]lv @) ;Dd
x'G5 . jLh sfnf], rf}8f / r]K6f] x'G5 / xNsf uf]nf] x'G5 . o;sf] kftsf] ;fs vfOG5g .
pkof]u
k'gg{jfsf] ;b[Zo o;sf] d'n, oq cflb zf]wWg 5g\ . ;fs zf]wWg / d"n d'qn / zf]yOg 5 .
jQmJo
jiff{e"sf] cy{ aiff{ Ct'df ptkGg x'g] jfnf xf] . o;sf] ldNbf] h"Nbf] Pp6f c? If'k x'G5 .
Trianthema crystalline h;sf] kmn cfOunf;af6 x]bf{ dg'iosf] bf9 ;dfg b]lvG5 .
o;nfO{ /Qmk'ikf Zj]td"nf, k'gg{jf eGg ;lsG5 . wGjGtl/ lgoi6'sf/n] jiff{e"{nfO[ qm'/ gfd
lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} d08nkqs, Zj]td'n, dxfjiff{e" o;sf] kof{o eg]sf 5g\ . Trianthemg
portulacastrum nfO{ oLgn] Zj]t k'gg{jf atfPsf 5g\ . Journal of Indian
Botanical society 1942, 21, 87 df >L rqmjtL{n] oL b'Osf] u'0f / s'6'Dasf] jg:klt
km/s ePtf klg oLlgx?nfO{ ;dfg eg]sf 5g\ .
Punarnava in saushruta nighantu
k'jg{jf Cifes]t'd{nfjiff{e'/]j r .
jZrLsf] bL3{ aiff{e"M Zj]td[nZr lslt{tM..@^..
In saushruta nighantu,following synonyms are stated and they are Rishav,varshabhu,Vrischi,Dirgh varshabhu,Sveta mula.
Punarnava in Madanpaal Nighantu
k'gg{jf ;fF7L
k'gg{jf Zj]td"nf k[Yjfsf] bL3{ kqsM .
ljiffbbL3f]{ jiff{e"M k'ge"{d{08nR5bf .. !^& ..
k'gg{jf j/f ltQmf ?Iff]i0f dw'/f s6'M .
k'gg{jf˜?0ff ltQmf /Qmk'ikf sl6Nnsf .. !^* ..
s"|?sM If'›jiff{e"j{iff{s]t'M lzjfl6sf .
zf]kmflgnj|0fZn]idx/f ?Rof /;fogL .. !^( ..
k'gg{jf j/f ltQmf s6'kfsf lxof n3' M .
jftnf u|xl0f Zn]id/QmlkQljgflzgL .. !&) ..
Synonym-two types-Sweta and
Rakta.swetmula,dirghapatraka,prithivika,varshabhu,punarbhu,mandallacchada etc
is the synonym for white punarnava.and aruna
,tikta,raktapuspa,katillaka,kruraka,kshudravarsabhu,varshaketu and sivatika is the
synonym for red punarnava.
Guna-sweta punarnava is saraka,katu,ruksha,usna,madhura.rakta punarnava is
used in Sotha, Vata,Vrana,Kaphanasaka,Ruchivardhaka and Rasayana.It is seetal
and katu ,laghu,vatakaraka,malbandhaka,raktapitta,kaphasamaka.
Distribution-cosmopolitan and usually found in rainy season in prostate
condition.It is also called as Gadhapurana.
Punarnava in Kayadeva Nighantu
@!) k'gg{jf
k'gg{jf k'ge"{M :oft ;bfd08nkqsM .
ZJf]td"nZr j[ZrLjf] jiff{e"M /QmkqsM .. &%@
zf]kmWgL hl6nf ;Bf]ljzf]ifL bL3{kqsM .
jiff{e"d{w'/f ltQmf siffof s6'sf ;/f .. &%#
Iff/f]i0ff jLkgL ?Iff zf]kmlgnskmfkxf .
x[Bf ?Rof ho]bzf]{q0fkf08'u/f]b/d\ .. &%$
Synonym-Punarnava
,Putarbhu,Madalpatraka,Swetmula,Varshabhu,Raktapatraka,Sophagni,Jatilla,Dirgh
apatraka.
Guna karma-punarnava-Madhura,Tikta,KasayaKkaturasa,Saraka,Kshariya,Usna-
virya,Agnideepak,Ruksha,Sotha-Vata kapha nasaka,useful for heart
,appetiter,wound,anaemia,visa and udaravikara nasaka.
Punarnava in Raj nighantu
Zj]t k'gg]jf s] gfd
k'gg{jf ljzfvZr sljNnfM zlzjfl6sf .
k[YjL r l;tjiff{e"bL{j{kq M sl7Nns M -!!%_
Punarnava,Bishakh,Kathilla,Sashivatika,Prithvi,Sheetavarsabhu,Deerghapatra are
the name for white punarnava.
Zj]t k'gg{jfsf] u'0f
Zj]tf k'gg{jf ;f]i0ff ltQmf skm ljiffkxf .
sf;5b|f]jfznf:q–kf08'zf]kmflgnflQg't\ .. !!&..
White punarnava is Tikta rasa,Usna veerya and kapha,visa nasaka.It also cures
hridaya roga,pain,rakta vikaar,Pandu roga,Sotha and vataja pain.
;Qmk'gg{jfsf] u'0f
jiff{ej M zf]0ffkq M zf]0ff M ;DdLlntb|'dM .
k'gg{jf]gjf] gUoM :ofx\jfljf{zlt;+1of ..!!(..
/Qmf kg'g{jf ltQmf ;fl/0fL /f]kmfgflzgL .
/Qmk|b/bf]ifWgL kf08'loQk|elb{gL ..!@)..
Rakta Punarnava is Tikta rasa and sotha nasaka.It also cures Rakta vikaar,pradara
roga,Pandu and Pitta janya diseases.
gLn k'gg{jfsf] gfd
gLnf k'gg{jf gLnf Zofdf gLnk'gg{jf .
s[i0fvof gLnaof{e"gL{lngL :jflewflGjtf ..!@!..
Neela,Syama,Krishna roopa,Neelavarsha,Nilini are the synonyms for Neela
Punarnava.
gLn k'gg{jfsf] u'0f
gLn k'gg{jf ltQmf s6'i0f r /;fogL .
x[b|f]ukf08'Zjoy'–Zjf;jftskmfk5f ..!@@..
Neela punarnava is Tikta and Kashaya Rasa,Usna veerya and Rasayana.It cures
Hridaya roga,Sotha,Swasa,Vataja and Kaphaja vikaar.
Laboratory manual of plant taxonomy,byN.S.Subrahmanyam
Habit:Annual herb
Stem:Prostrate or ascending glabrous stem with distinct nodes;stem diffusely
branched.
Leaves:Opposite,unequal,exstipulate,simple,ovate,with rounded or cordate base,marginentire,apex obtuse,dorsal surface green,lower surface silvery white.
Inflorescence:Flowers crowded in heads at the end of long slender stalks forming terminal panicle.
Flowers:Bracteate,small,minute and red
Perianth:perianth lobes 5,pink,gamophyllous.
Androcium:Stamens 2-3,slightly exerted.
Gynocium:Monocarpellary,ovary unilocular,superior with single ovale.
Fruit:Aclavate,and 5 ribbed achene.
Floral formula:Br,Ebrl,О,¤,P5,A2-3,G(_1).
Punarnava in Dravya Guna Vigyan,by Priyabrat Sharma
Mutraladi barga
Mutrabirechaniya
Gana : vayaha sthaphan,kasahar,swedopag,anubashanopag,bidarigandhadi
Family : nytaginaceae
Latin name : Boerhavia diffusa Linn.
Sanskrit name : punarnava,sothagni
English name : spreading hog weed
Plant description : a perennial prostate herb upto 2-3 feet long. They especially grow in rainy season.Leaf-1-1.5 inch long,rounded slightly hairy opposite, flower-small,pinkish or whitish in long petiole, inflorescence-2-3, fruit -12 inch long with gland present,root-long,solid and white,flowering and fruiting in rainy season.
Type : 2 types-white and red. Botanically Boerhavia repande found in palpa ,6-7
feet long ,in form of hedge and in some book Boerhavia repanda is written as the
synonym of Boerhavia diffusa
Distribution : found everywhere especially in terai
Chemical composition : punarnavine,potassium nitrate
Guna : laghu ruksha
Rasa : madhura tikta kashaya
Vipaka : madhura
Virya : usna
Dosh karma : tridosha hara.pitta samaka due to madhura tikta kashaya rasa and
kapha vata samaka due to usna virya
Uses : external- lekhan and sothahar
Internal
D/S –dipana,anulomana,rechan,vamaka in high dose
C/S- hridya,raktavardhaka,sothahar,raktavarabardha
R/S – kashaha
Rep/S-veej,brishya
E/S- mutrajanan
Skin-svedajanan,kusthaagna
Temperature-jworagna
Satmikarana-rasayana,bisagna
Parts used-mula,veej,panchanga
Dose-sworasa 5-10 ml,veej churna 1-3 gm
Visistha yoga-purarvastaka,punarvasawa,purarambu,punarnawadimandura
Punarnava in Dravya Guna Vigyan,by Gyanendra Pandey
Botanical name :Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.
Family :Nyctaginaceae
Classical name :Punarnava
Sanskrit name : punarnava,sothaghni,varsabhu
Regionalname:Gadahpurna,Gadahvindo(hindi),gadapunya(Beng),itsit(punj),Ghetu
li(Mar),Satodi,Basedo,Suketti,Spreading hogweed(Eng).
Description
A spreading diffusely branched pubescent or nearly glabrous herb;roots stout and
often perennial.Herb dries up in summer season and it grows up(regenerates) with
new plants during rainy season.(making the classical name punarnava
meaningful).Roots thick,stout,white often 1 foot or 30cm long;finger like in
thickness,fleshy when green or fresh,with 2-3 branches.Slight bitter in taste and
nauseous.
Leafstalk upto 5cm.Leaves rather thick in unequal
pairs,broadly ovate or somewhat circular,rounded at tip,green and glabrous
above,white beneath;petiole about 2.5cm,leaves opposite,two leaves of a node
differ in size.
Flowers in umbels of 4-10,arranged in panicles,perianth
pink,funnel shaped,5 lobed;stamens 2-3,flowers small,or minute,white or pink.
Fruit 5-ribbed,with glands on ribs;ft.0.625 cms.(1/4 inch long) packed
with many minute seeds.
Flowering and fruiting
After the herb come up in the rain and further grow they begin to flower and later
bear fruits during cold season(fron rains to autumn or winter).
Distribution
Plants occur through out as a common weed almost in all part of country,generally
on flat land and along road sides,also near water source.It assends to 1500m in the
Himalayan regions.Plants is found in Andhra Pradesh,bihar,Gujarat,jammu and
Kashmir,Karnataka,kerala,Aasam,Tamilnadu,Uttarpradesh n other region of India.
Kinds and varieties
There are two kinds of punarnava in classical texts of Materia medica(nighantu)
viz. Rakta and Sveta which are botanically identified as Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.
And Trianthema species respectively.Another plant Boerhavia repanda Willd. Is
also refered in context of Punarnava.In all Punarnava traya’ mentioned in texts
(nighantu) comprising three kinds of punarnava also indicate to Nila
Punarnava(blue variety) as included and referred particularly by Narahari(Raja
nighantu,prabhadra,116).
Classically it is observed about two or three kinds of Punarnava
in texts(nighantu),generally two varieties are white and red and rarely third one is
blue variety.
Botanically another species of Boerhavia i.e,Boerhavia repanda
Willd.syn.b.repens L. is also referred botanical source of punarnava.
Presently the punarnava traya,triogroup of punarnava,includes punarnava
rakta(Boerhavia diffusa),punarnava sveta(Boerhavia verticillata Poir) and
visakharpara(Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.) which have been dealt saperately.
Chemical composition
Plant contains punarvine 0.01-0.04%,a slightly bitter alkaloids,potassium
nitrate0.52%,chlorides and oils.Ash contains sulphate,chlorides,nitrate and
chlorate.
Pharmacodynamics
Rasa :Madhura,tikta,kasaya
Guna :Laghu,ruksha
Virya :Usna
Vipaka :Madhura
Doshakarma :Tridoshahara
Properties and actions
Karma :mutrala,lekhana,dipana,hridya,raktabharbhardhaka,kasa,vrisya,mutrajanan,svedaja
nan,Kusthaghna,jvaraghna,rasayana,visaghna,arsoghna.
Roga
sotha,mutrakricchra,mutraghat,pandu,kamala,yakritplihavikara,hridroga,sarvangas
otha,agnimaandya,udarroga,vibandha,plihodara,kasa,svasa,urahkshata,raktapradara
,kustha,jvara,chaturthika jvara,dourbalya,visa,sarpa visa,musika
visa,alarkavisa,netra roga,vidradhi,antarvidradhi,mudha
garbha,slipada,asmari,garbinisotha,nidranasa,vranasotha.
Therapeutic uses
The drug punarnava is antibilary, antipyretic,ear
diatonic,diuretic,expectorant,laxative,sodorific,stomachic.It is used in
anaemia,calculus ,heart diseases,insomnia,internal inflammation,jaundice,leprosy
and oedema.
The drug is used in traditional medicine as an antidote against datura
poisoning dhatura visa(toxic effects of datura metel linn.)/spider and snake bite
poisons.the studies with petroleum ether extract and their fractions have revealed
diureatic action.
Part used: Roots,whole plant, seed
Dose : Juice 5-10 ml.,seed powder 1-3 gm
Formulations
Punarnavadi mandura, punarnavasava, punarnavastaka kvatha,
punarnavadilepa, punarnavadya tailam, punarnavadi ghrtam, punarnavadilepa,
punarnavadi curna, punarnavadi guggulu, punarnavadyavaleha.
Group vayahsthapana ,kasahara, svedopaga, anuvasanopaga (caraka samhita),
vidarigandhhadi (susuruta samhita).
B. Vrisciva-Sveta Punarnava
Botanical name:Boerhavia verticillata Poir.
Family :Nyctaginaceae
Classical name :Vrisciva-Sveta punarnava
Sanskrit name :vrisciva-
vriscira,sveta,punarnava,svetamula,sothagni,kathillaka,visakha,sasivatika,prithvi,si
tavarsa,bhudirghapatra.
Regional name:safed gadahpurna,safed punarnava(hindi).
Description
Spreading or prostrate herb resembling to Boerhavia spp. With characterstic
distinction.
Prarmacodynamics
Rasa :Tikta
Virya :Usna
Vipaka :Katu
Dosakarma :Kaphapittahara
Properties and action
Karma: sothahara,visaghna,kasahara,sulahara,panduhara,caksusya.
Roga: Sotha,hridroga,visa,kasa,pandu,sula,netraroga-dristimandya.
Therapeutic uses
The drug vrisciva or sveta punarnava is effectively useful in the management of
oedema,dysurea,fever,anaemia,colic,eye diseases,cough,poisons,abdominal and
heart troubles.
In splenomegaly(plihodara),the roots of white punarnava pounded with rice-
water alleviates enlargement of spleen.The roots of plant drug are taken with cow’s
urine for alleviating all kinds of oedemaand udarroga.
The milk boiled with vrisciva and punarnava and tanduliyaka is given to
check discharges. Roots of white punarnava and varuna(Craeteva religiosa)
decocted in water and taken for treating unripe abscess(aama or apakva vidradhi).
The oil cooked with root of white punarnava is applied for removing
vatakantaka in feet. In all types of fever ,vrisciva, punarnava nd bilva, are boiled
with milk and water (reduced to milk only) and is taken for the alleviation of
Fever.
To counter poison, white punarnava has been indicated in medical texts.
Parts used : root
Dose : Juice 10-20 ml;decoction 50-100m
C.VISAKHARPARA
Botanical name :Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.
Family :Aiozaceae(Ficoidaceae)
Classical name :visakharpara
Regional name :biskharpa,pathara,svet-sabuni,santhi,gadahani
Description
Trianthema portulacastrum linn.syns;Trianthema monogyna,Trianthema
obchordata Roxb,prostrate glabrous or puberulus more or less succulent
herbs;branches forked upto 60cm or more long;herb forming patches,reddish green
to green in colour.
Leaves opposite or sub-opposite in equal pairs,linear,or broadly
obovate,apiculate,cuneate at base,2.5-3 *2.4-3cm.,petioles5-10mmor more
long;dilated into a sheath at the base.leaves paired unequally.
Flowers sessile in pouch like petiolar sheath,pinkish white.calyx tube
scarious lobes-5,cuspidate,slightly petaloid.stamans 10 or
more;anthers pink or white.ovary truncate,1- celled,style-1.
Capsule small,almost concealed in the petiolar pouch or
sheath,truncate slightly concave,with 2 spreading teeth,carrying away at least one
seed,lower part 3-5 seeded,seeds reniform muriculates,dull black,capsule
5mm,long,6-8 seeded;seeds muricates,black,2mm in diameter.
Flowering and fruiting time
Plants flowers and fruit in july-january.
Distribution
Plants occurs neotropics.it ig growing common in waste places,on ridges,or wall
crevices and in agricultural fields.central india and various regions,driers and warm
regions.
Trianthema triquetrum Rottl.ex Willd,syn Trianthema crystalline,non(Forsk) Vahl.
Mat forming 2-chotomously branched,caespitose herb.flowers 1 or 2-3 in forks of
branches.perianth herbaceous,with many ribs,not sheathed by the base of
petiole.Capsule upto 2mm,long,2 seeded,seeds discoid,black,marked with raised
lines.
Flowering and fruiting time
Plants flowers and fruit in Aug-Dec.
Distribution
Plants occurs in Asia and Africa tropics.It is grown in ravines and waste places in
central indiaand other regions in india,It is occasional or rare in uttarpradesh
plains,driers,warm,ravenous and other localities.
Kinds and varieties
Trianthema triquetra willd,ex.Rottl.(belonging to family Aiozaceae) is
knownasKakkapaakakoora(Telagu),Sirusharma(Tamil),Alethi(Punj),Pathar
phor(Rajasthan).
It is small prostrate branched herb widely distributed in India.Stems and
branches slender,usually red leaves,small,succulent,flowers several in axil,capsules
2.3*1.5mm.2 seeded;seeds compressed,orbicular reniform black.
As the plant forms a green carpet on the sandy and dry soils,it may be dried
as a sand binder,it may sometimes also become an aggressive weed.The herb is
suspected of poisoning livestock.
Two forms of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. Are also reported to occur
in this species: a red colored form in which the stem,leaf margins and flowers are
red and green colored form which has green colored stem and white flowers.
Some other species of Trianthema genus are also reported other then Trianthema
triquetra Willd.ex.Rottd.ex(syn. T. crystalline acuct. Non vahl) T.
portulacastrumLinn. Is used as an adulterant of the roots of Boerhavia diffusa,but
doesnot contain punarnavine(as T.portulacastrum Linn. Contain another alkaloid
trianthine) which also contains ecdly sterone processing moulting harmone
activity.Other species include Trianthema decandra Linn,Trianthema govindia
Buchham.
Chemical composition
Analysis of the leafy vegetable gave the following values:moisture
91.3,protein2.0,fat0.4,carbohydrate3.2,crude fibre0.9 and
ash2.2g,calcium1.00,phosphorous30,iron38.5 and ascorbic acid70mm/100gm of
edible matter.Carotene(2.3mg/100mg) has been reported.
The plant is rich in phosphorous and iron but poor in calcium.Herb also
contain high quantity of potassium nitrate.
The chemical analysis of the weed indicate of the weed indicated its potential
value as a source of organic matter to the soil,the weed considerably enriches the
soil with nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium.
Therapeutic uses
In the plant drug Visakharpara,the high content of soluble oxalate affect the
assimilation of calcium.Care may be taken to eliminate most of the soluble
oxalates by preliminary boiling of the vegetable for 15 minutes and rejecting the
water extracts.The contents of oxalate is the highest in immature plants and it
varies with rainfall and probably with the soil and other environmental factors.
The roots have catheric and irritant properties are used as an
abortificant,though the extract of roots showed little orno action on the isolated
uterus.They are also used for the obstruction of the liver,asthma,and
amenorrhoea.The leaves are diuretic and used in oedema and dropsy and in
ascites.A decoction of the herb is used as a vermifuse and is useful in
Rheumatism.It is also an antidote to alcoholic poison.Ethanol extracts of the plant
has shown some effect on blood pressure of guinea pigs and also on their
ileum.The drug plant is medicinally in various ailments.
An extracts of the whole plant is toxic to American cockroach when injected
into the blood streams.The seeds are found to be harmful contaminous in food
grains and other agricultural seeds.
The plant is potential source of organic matter to the soil.Herbs also
contains large amount of potassium nitrate other minerals as indicated and
considered from medicinal point of view.
Parts used :Whole plant
Dose :Juice 5-10ml.
A Compandium of Medicinal Plant of Nepal
Family :Nyctaginaceae
Latin name :boerhavia diffusa Linn.
Nepali name :Punarnava,laal punarnava,saano paate.
English name :Hogweed,patagon
Distribution :Tropical and subtropical regions of the old World.
Dist.N :WCE,Tropical,subtropical
Description:
Diffusely perineal branched herb.leaves thick,1.2-3.7cm,ovate,oblong.lowers
minute,sub-captate,in axillary and terminal panicles.
Parts used : whole plant
Application :Powder,decoction,juice,poultice
Use:
Plant is stomachic,diuretic,diaphrotic,expectorant,antipyretic,and cardiotonic.it
stimulates the function of heart and kidney and is specific for
jaundice,diabetes,general debility and oedema.it is used in prolapse ani,and fistula
ani,dysentery,otitis,media.Roots is useful in restoration of vitality in man.It is
antidote to snake venom.Leavesare used in opthalmia.and in eye
wounds,dropsy,gonorrhea,to hasten delivery.leaf paste is taken orally to check
bleeding after delivery.flowers and seeds are contraceptive.Plant is very useful
drug for all types of
inflammation,strangury,leucorrhoea,opthalmia,lumbago,myalasia,scabies,cariac
disorders,jaundice,nephritic syndrome.It is effective in case of oedema and ascitis
resulting from early cirrhosis of the liver and chronic peritonitis.it is also useful in
abdominal tumours and cancers.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinal
Plant,By V.M.Gogte
Gana:Vayasthapana,kasahara,svadopag,anuvananopag;Vidarigandhadi
Kula:Punarnava kula
Family:Nyctaginaceae,flowers open at 4 o’ clock in evening and fall of at the
break of day.
Latin name:Boerhavia diffusa Linn.(diffusa=which spreads or widely
spreading).its root are found spread on the ground spanning on area af about 4-
5mtr.
English name:Spreading hogweed
Sanskrit name:(white punarnava-vishakh,kshudrapatra,raktavrintaka),(rakta
punarnava-raktapuspika,sophagni,piksvara,vishaghni,praavrisenya,sarini),(blue-
Neela,shyama,Krishna).
Botanical description:perennial creeper 0.75-1 m in length,sometimes grow upto
4m in rainy seasons and dries in summer.leaves 2.5-4cm long,fleshy,with soft
hairs,at distance and whitish ventrally.Flowers-small,white colored.fruits-1cm
long,round or circular,containing seeds like cow’s beans.Root-thick,twisted on
drying.leaves arises on opposite sides are unequal in size.
Varieties:Two(brown and white).Brown variety is longer then white and is easily
available.Blue variety is mentioned in Rajnighantu.
Habbitat:All over India.
Properties:
Guna:katu; Vipaka:katu; Veerya:sheeta
Karma:Tridoshahar,pittaghna,and astringent,kapha-vata saamaka ,Red variety is
vatavardhaka and pittasamaka and pittasamaka by sheeta virya.
External uses:Lekhana or anti-inflamatory.
Internal uses:
Digestive system:Deepan,anuloman,purgative but emetic in large dose.
Circulatory system:cardiac tonic,increases blood,accelerates heart rate and acts as
an hypertensive.
Respiratory system:cures cough,antianaemic(punarnava mandur ids used in
anaemia)
Reproductive system:Seeds are aphrodisiac.
Urinary system:diuretic by increasing renal blood flow
Skin:Diaphrotic and useful in skin diseases
Temperature:Antipyretic
Satmikarana:Rasayan and antidote
Karma
Dosha:Tridodhaghna,kaphaghna
External use:punarnava s used in local appcation in the form of poultice or
fomentation in oedema.The juice of its leaves is used in the eyes for tropical
application
Internal use:
Digestive system:It is given internally in agnimaandya,toxicity,ascitis,and
constipation .A dose of 3gm is used to induce vomiting.
Circulatory system:Useful in heart diseases,anaemia,oedema.Leaves vegetable is
consumed to reduce oedema.
Respiratory system:useful in cough,asthma and urahksheta
Reproductive system:Menorrhagia(root decoction of red variety is used).seeds are
aphrodisiac
Eye diseases:Cataract,chronic conjunctivitis,blepharitis(rots rubbed in honey is
locally applied)
Urinary system:Act as a diuretic in dysurea
Skin:Useful in reducing swelling and foul smelling in skin disorders
Temterature:Antipyretic,esp. in Quaternary fever
Satmikarana:As a rasayan therapy in general debility.antidote to snake poison and
rat bite.
Parts used:Roots,seed,leaves,whole plant
Dosage:Decoction of root(5-10ml),powdered seeds(1-2gm),juice of whole plant(5-
10ml).
Formulation:Punarnavastak,punarnavasav,punarnavambu,punarnavadi mandur.
Srotogamitva:
Dosha:Vatakaphagna(red variety increases vata)
Dhatu:Rakta-meda(anaemia),raktauseful in bleeding disorders and
urahkshat),jaundice.
Mala:Mutragami
Organs:Heart, respiratory tract(hogweed vegetable mainly used to reduce
oedema).Sothaghni is the synonym for both the varieties.
Scientific Classification of plant
Kingdom :Plantae
(Unranked) :Angiosperm
(Unranked) :Eudicots
(Unranked) :Core eudicots
Order :Caryophyllales
Family :Nictaginaceae
Genus :Boerhavia
Species :Diffusa
Medicinal Use
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Antidote; Diuretic; Emetic; Expectorant; Laxative; Stomachic. The roots are diuretic, emetic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic.They are used in the treatment of asthma, oedema, anaemia, jaundice, ascites, anasarca, scanty urine and internal inflammation. They are also said to be an antidote to snake poisoning. An alkaloid in the roots has been shown experimentally to produce a distinct and persistent rise in blood pressure plus marked dieresis.
Phytochemitry of Punarnava Medicinal plants contributes an important group of non-wood forest products. Large number of the world population uses plants as a source of medicine as Home-Remedy for curative purpose on most of the Health Illness. India has been
one of the leading country in the development and practice of indigenous systems of medicine, particularly Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. The pharmacological potential of Punarnava is mentioned in books like Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrita Samhita. Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava) is one of the most famous medicinal plants in the treatment of a large number of human ailments. This paper explains the evidence based information on the detail Morphology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological activity of this plant. In most instants leaf, stem and root extracts has been used to study various activities of the drug. It has many ethno botanical uses (the leaves are used as vegetable, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic; the root juice is used to cure asthma, urinary disorders, leucorrhea, rheumatism, and encephalitis, immunomodulation, heapatoprotective), and many pharmacological potential of drug has been evaluated.
Floral formula:Br,Ebrl,О,¤,P5,A2-3,G(_1).
Floral Diagram:
Conclusion
From the above review we can conclude that the plant
value due to their variety of chemical constituents can be further
investigated on toxicological and other parameters to obtain a
valuable marketed product. Punarnava is found to to be very effective in
treatment of sotha,pandu,urinary disorders like mutrakrichhrata and mutraghat.
Apart from that the chemical constituents, who were found effective can also be
synthetically prepared for better yield and obtain a pharmacophore which may
be useful for drug .
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