Some Abbreviation

1 C.S: Charaka Samhitā

2 S.S: Sushruta Samhitā

3 A.S: Asthanga Samgraha

4 A.H: Asthanga Hridaya

5 BPN: Bhavaprakash Nighantu

6 S.N: Saushruta Nighantu

7 D.N: Dhanwantari Nighantu

8 R.N: Raj Nighantu

9 K.N: Kaiyadeva Nighantu

10 Y.T: Yogaratnakār

11 K.S: Kasyāp Samhita

12 G.N: Gada Nigraha

13 Bha: Bhaisajyaratnawali

14 Ci.S: Chikitsasthana

15 Su.S: Sutra sthana

16 U.S: Uttara Sthana

17 Ka.S: Kalpa Sthana

18 Sa.S: Sarir Sthana

S.N Table of Content Page no:

1. Introduction to Ayurveda 4

2. Introduction to Dravyaguna 4 -7

3. Punarnava in samhitas 7 -16

Charaksamhita(1000 BC)

Sushrutasamhita(1000BC)

AstangaHridayasamhita) (7th century)

Astanga sangraha(6th century)

Kasayapa samhita

Saranghadharsamhita(6th century)

4. Punarnava and its indication according to chikitsagranthas 17 -19

Gadanigraha(12th century)

Yoganatrakar- purbardha(17th century)

Bhiasjyaratnawali(18th century)

Chakra Dutt(1931 AD)

5. Punarnava in Nighantus 19 -28

BhavprakashNighantu (16th century) ,

Avinab nighantu(1850 AD)

Nighant Ratnakar part-2(1934 AD)

Shankar nighantu(1935 AD)

BrihatNighantratnakar (1955 AD)

Nepali Nighantu(1968 AD)

Nighnatu adarsh(1984 AD)

Shaushruta nighantu(2000 AD)

Madanpal nighantu(2009 AD,1st edition)

Kaiyadeva nighantu(2009 AD)

Raj Nighantu(2010 A.D)

6. Punarnava in Modern Texts 28 -41

Laboratory manual of plant taxonomy(N.S. Subrahmanyam,1996 AD)

In dravyaguna vigyan,vol=3rd (Gyanendra pandey,2004 AD)

In compendium of medicinal plant in Nepal(Puran Prasad kurmi &S.R. Baral,2006 AD)

Ayurvedic pharmacology and therapeutic uses of medicinal plants(Vaidya V.M Gogte,2009AD)

In Dravyaguna vigyan(priyavratsharma- 2nd volume)

7. Scientific classification 41

8. Medicinal use 41

9. Phytochemistry 41 -42

10. Floral diagram and Floral formula 42

11. Conclusion 43

12. Bibiliography 44 -46

Introduction to Ayurveda Ayurveda is a veda (book) of ayush (life). To lead a healthy life and to get rid of or to get cured of diseases, herbs are being used since ancient time. Each and every dravya has it's own guna (property) and karma (function), by which the dravya is utilised for remedial purposes. The science in which dravya is studied in detail is called as Dravya-guna-vigyan (Herbology). Dravya-guna-vigyan is based on the ideas of satva-raja-tama, panchmahabhootas and various experiences derived from the study of balance-imbalance of basic components of the universe. Dravya-guna-vigyan has been formulated in context with swasthya (health) and rugna (disease). The basic ideas have been developed keeping the patient in mind. Dravya-guna-vigyan is thus a science of treatment. The concept of herbology (dravya-guna-vigyan) Dravya-guna-vigyan is not only a useful factor for swasthya (maintenance of health) and chikitsa (treatment) but is also the chief factor involved in various substances as well as non-substances which are instrumental in vitiating health and creating disharmony in the equilibrium of body components. The use of Dravya-guna-vigyan is necessary for restoring this equilibrium. If drugs are to be used then through knowledge of these is essential. According to Vedas... It has been seen, that mention of the use of medicinal plant is found in all the four Vedas namely Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. Ayurveda, which is a text on the preventive and curative aspects of disease, is a part of Atharvaveda. Herbs are being used since ancient time to maintain health, to treat disease and regain the healthy state of mind and body. All the above mentioned Vedas have described herbs (medicinal plants) in different ways but the concept of pran (life) is common to all. According to Rigveda one who possesses a variety of herbs should be called as a vaidya (Ayurvedic Physician). In Atharvaveda mainly four types of treatments have been mentioned: • Atharvani • Angirasi • Daivi • Manushi Among these four, Manushi refers to the use of plants in its treatment. Treatment by dravyas or herbs of plant origin is given more emphasis than by

animal source. The panchabhautik composition of herbs, their rasas, vipak, veerya etc. are classified on the basis of their action. Though medicinal classification is action based, it is also done on morphological basis in relation to diet.

Herbs are used in the following forms

Formula Name Meanings

Kashaya Decoctions.

Churana Powders.

Ghrut Ghee preparation.

Rasa Mercuric preparation.

Mishra Miscellaneous preparations

Gutika Pills.

Avleha Linctus (syrups).

Tail Oil.

Lepa External application.

Dhup Fume, fumigation.

Aasavarishta Tonic wines.

Dumra Smoking.

Nasya Nasal drops.

Anjan Corrylium (drugs used for internal application in eyes).

Kalp Mixture of drugs.

Guggul Guggul, extract of gum.

Pak Semi - solid sweet preparation.

Specific Characters The five main characteristics of herbs are discussed herein

• Ras - When a substance is produced from panchamahabhootas (five elements), at that time different tastes develop in the substance depending on the proportion of the panchamahabhootas e.g. sweet, sour, salty, bitter and astringent. • Vipak - Diet or drugs, both, as they get digested, undergo change i.e. the food item that initially taste sweet, has an altogether different taste after digestion due to the digestion brought about by the jathragni.

Vipak is of three types : o Madhur (sweet) o Amla (sour) o Katu (pungent)

Veerya - The effectiveness of all gunas (properties) is known as veerya. It consists of two types : o Sheet veerya o Ushna veerya • Prabhav - The innate and specific property of a dravya is known as pravhav. This means that a specific action generated by prabhav may prove to be generated by it through circumstantial evidence but the exact mechanism by which prabhav brings about the action is hard to describe. A prabhav attributed to a particular dravya can be obtained only by using that particular dravya, any other dravya with the same properties and actions will not be able to generate the same prabhav i.e. dravyas (herbs) have their own exclusive prabhav. • Karma - The changes brought about by the dravyas through their rasa, gunas etc. within the body are known as karma (action) for e.g. Panchakarma, langhan, bruhan etc. Dravya -samskar (Basic preparations of herbs) The drugs selected for the treatment of any disease may be of plant origin/animal origin/mineral origin. • To make them fit for therapeutic administration and to keep them potent for many days, they have to undergo some modifications known as "Samskara" • A small quantity of a simple drug becomes component to cure even the most complicated disease by the influence of different modifying procedures, such as: o Toyagni Sannikarsa (Contact of drug with liquid and heat) o Sauca (Purification / Detoxification) o Manthan (Churning)

o Vasana ( Flavouring) o Bhavana (Trituration / grinding) o Kala Prakarsa (Time factor) Fundamental preparations for the dravyas are known as "Panchavidh Kasaya Kalpana" (five fundamental preparations) and they are as follows 1. Swarasa (Extracted juice) 2. Kalka (Paste) 3. Kasaya (Decoction) 4. Hima (Cold infusion) 5. Phanta (Hot infusion) These five fundamental preparations are potent therapeutically in their ascending order and are light for digestion in their descending order. Swarasa is the most potent preparation but heavy for digestion and Phanta preparation is the least potent and lightest for digestion. A patient having good digestive power but suffering from a chronic and severe disease, Swarasa Kalpana is advisable. A patient having weak digestive power and less severity of disease, Phanta Kalpana could be advised.

Punarnava in Charaka Samhita

;'q:yfg

anf+ Zjb+i6|f+ a[xtLd]/08+ ;k'g{gjDf\

ojfG s'nTyfG sf]nflg u'8"rL+ dbgflg r C.S.Su.2/12

Punarnava along with other plants such as

eranada,yava,kulattha,kola,guduchi,madana,palasha,etc;may be used as non-

unctous enema in udavarta and constipation.With this very group of drug may be

prepared unctuous enema for alleviation of vata.

bf]iffg's{ilf0fL dfqf ;{jdf{ufg';fl/0fL

aNof k'g{gjs/L z/L/]Gbl|or]t;fDf34 C.S.Su.13/34

The punarnava along with other herbs are prepared as sneha which is used for the

person suffering from eruptions,boils,pimples ,itching eczema,leprosy,urinary

disorders and vatarakta.

zf]ef~hgs}/08f{sj[ZrL/k'g{gjfojltns'nTydfifab/f0fLltbz]dflg :j]bf]kuflg ejGlt

C.S.Su.4/22

The punarnava along with other herbs of Swedopaga Gana are used in swedan

process.

b|fIffeofdnslkKknLb'/fnefz[ª\uLs06 sfl/sfj[ZrL/k'g{gjftfdnSo Olt bz]dflg sf;x/f0lf

ejGlt C.S.Su.4/36

The punarnava along with other herbs such as Abhaya,Pippali,Aamalaki,

Durlava,etc are used in treatment of Kasa.

cd[tfऽeofwfqLd'StfZj]tfhLjGTolt/;fd08"sk{0fL:ly/fk'g{gjf Olt bz]dflg joM:yfkgflg ejGlt

C.S.Su.4/50

Punarnava along with Abhaya,Dhatri,Rasana,Jiwanti,Mandukaparni, etc are used

as Rejuvinating drugs.

lrlsT;f:yfg

b|fIffk'g{gjfrJob'/fnDefDnj]t;}M

z[ª\uLtfdnsLef{uL/f:gfuf]If'/s}M kr]Tf\ C.S.Ci.18/125

Punarnava along with other herbs such as

Kantakari,Sunthi,Pippali,Marich,,Karchur,Chitrakamula,etc are made paste and

Kantakari Ghrita is prepared which is used in Swasha,Kasha, and Hikka.

k'g{gj}/08ztfj/LleM kQ"/j[ZrL/anfZdleb\leM

b\ljk~rd"n]g s'nTysf]noj}Zr tf]of]TSjlyt] siffo]

C.S.Ci.26/45

The Mishraka Sneha is prepared from black Punarnava along with

Variyara,Pashanavheda,Eranda-mula,etc is used in case of Vataja Dysurea.

sf{kf;d"n+ j[ifsfZde]bf} anf :ly/fbLlg uj]w'sf r 68

j[ZrL/ P]Gb|L r k'g{gjf r ztfj/L dWj;gfVok{0of}

tTSjfyl;b\wM kjg] /;M :ofT lkQ]ऽlws] IfL/dyflk ;{lkM C.S.Ci.26/69

The decoction of Punarnava along with

Karpash,Pashanaveda,Bala,Satawari,Madhuparni,etc is given in case of Vataja

Dysurea involving Renal Calculs.

sNk:yfg

hfTofM ;f}dg;floGof /hGofZrf]/s:o r

j[ZrL/:o dxfIf'b|;xfx}djt:o r C.S.Ka.4/16

laDAofM k'g{gjfof jf sf;d{b:o jf k[ys\

Ps+ wfdf{uj+ b\j] jf siffo] kl/d[Bt'

k"t+ dgf]ljsf/]if' lka]b\jdgd'QdDf\ C.S.Ka.4/17

The decoction of Punarnava along with Dhamargava

fruit,Mansparni,Mudraparni,vacha,Kundru,Kasamarda,etc is used in cure of mental

diseases.

l;b\lw:yfg

k'g{gj}/08j[iffZde]bj[ZrL/e"tLsanfknfzfM

b\ljk~rd"n+ r knf+lzsflg If'00fflg wf}tflg kmnflg rfi6f} C.S.Si.3/65

Here the Punarnava along with other herbs such as

Pasanvheda,bala,palash,sariwan,yasthimadhu,sarsho,madanphal,dhanyaka, etc is

used in making Punarnavadi nirooh vasti.

kl/:/fj] z[t+ IfL/+ ;j[ZrL/k'g{gjDf\

cfv'k{0lfsof jfऽlk t08'nLoso'Stof C.S.Si.10/32

The paste of both Red and White Punarnava along with other herbs such as

Musaparni,Chauraai,etc is prepared and given as Vasti to cure Parisrava.

Punarnava in Sushruta Samhita

;'q:yfg

lkKknLdl/rz[ª\uj]/f{b|

slxª\u'hL/ss':t'Da'?hDaL/;'d'v;'/;f{hse":t[0f;'uGwssf;d{bssfndfns'7]/sIfjsv/k'iklzU?

dw'lzU?km0lfH´s;{ifk/flhsfs'nfxnfju'Tyu08L/ltnk{0lfsfj{iffe"lrqsd"nsnz'gsnfoknf08'k|e[

tLlg S.S.Su.46/221

As explained in the text,Punarnava and other harbs such as

Sigru,sarshyu,rajika,mulaka,chitraka etc are used as spinach in food.

j{iffe"M skmjft3\gL lxtf zf]kmf]b/f{z;fDf\ S.S.Su.46/239

Varshabu is useful as kapha-vata samaka,sopha,udar roga and arsa roga.

lrlsT;f:yfg

tq cfbfj]j ax'jft/"IfDnfgfª\ufb[t] df{ufj/0ffb[i6zf]0lft d;s[bNkf=== ojdw's}/0f8ltnj{iffe"le{jf

k|b]xM sf{oM tq r"{0lft]if' === dw'lzU?d"ndfn]k:ltnsNsf] j]lt jftk|an] S.S.Ci.5/7

The Punarnava along with other herbs are made decoction which can be used for

Vata-rakta.

Zn]idk|an] Tjfdnsxl/b|f siffo+ dw'dw'/+ kfoo]Tf\ === kl|ofn;]n'slkTysNsM dw'lzU?k'g{gjfsNsM

Jof]ifltStfk[ys\k{0fLj[xtLsNs OTo]t]iff+ k~r k|b]xfM ;'vf]i0ffM Iff/f]bslki6fM zflnk{0fL k[Zlgk{0fL

a[xTof} jf IfL/lki6f:t{k0fld>fM S.S.Ci.5/10

The decoction of varshabu along with the other herbs is used to treat the kaphaja

ashmari.

eNnftslaNjfDa'lkKknLd"nf]bsL{ofj{iffe"k'g{gjflrqsz6L:g'xL j?0fsk'is/bGtLkYof bzknf]Gldtf

ojsf]ns'nTyf+Zr k|f:lysfG ;lnnb|f] 0f] lgiSjfYo rt'{efufjlzi6]ऽjtf{o jrflqj[Ts

DlkNnsef{uLlgr'nz'07LuhlkKknLlj8ª\u/f]W/lz/Liff0ff+ efu}/{wklns}{3[tk|:y+

ljkfro]Gd]xZjoy's'i7u'Ndf] b/f{zMKnLxljb| lwlk8sfgf+ gfzg+ gfDgf wfGjGt/Df\ S.S.Ci.12/5

The decoction of Punarnava along with

Bilva,Ambu,Vallataka,Puskarmula,Danti,Haritaki,etc, can be used in Prameha

pidika.

ljbfl/sf+ ;dEoHo :ljGgf+ ljDnfKo n]ko]Tf\

guj[lQsj{iffe"laNjd"n}M ;'k]ilft}M S.S.Ci.20/12

The roots and paste of Varsabhu,Bilva,Naga-vrittika should be applied to cure

Vidarika.

ct ऊ{Wj+ ;fdfGolrlsTl;td'kb]If\ofdM ltNjs3[trt'{yflg ofGo'StfGo'b/]if' ttf]ऽGotdd'ko'Hodfg+

Zjoy'dkxGlt d"qj{ltSl/of+ jf ;]j]t gjfo;+ jfऽx/x{dw'gf

lj8ª\ufltljiffs'6hkmneb|bf?gfu/dl/rr"{0f+ jf w/0fd'i0ffDa'gf lqs6'Iff/foZr"{0fflg jf

lqkmnfsiffo]0f d"q+ jf t'NoIfL/+ x/LtsL+ jf t'Nou'8fd'ko'~hLt b]jbf?z'07L+ jf u'Uu'n'+ jf d"q]0f

j{iffe"siffofg'kfg+ jf t'Nou'8+ z[ª\uj]/+ jf j{iffe"siffo+ d"nsNs+ jf ;z[ª\uj]/+ kof]ऽg'kfgdx/x{df;+

Jof]ifj{iffe"siffol;b\w]g jf ;{lkiff d'b\uf]n'DafG eIfo]T lkKknLlkKknLd"nrJolrqsdo"/sj{iffe"l;b\w+

jf IfL/+ lka]T ;xf}ifwd'/ª\uLd"nl;b\w+ jf lqs6's}/08Zofdfd"nl;b\w+ jf

j{iffe"z[ª\uj]/;xfb]jbf?l;b\w+ jf tyfऽnfa"laeLtskmnsNs+ jf t08'nfDa'gf Iff/lkKknLdl/

rz[ª\uj]/fg'l;b\w]g r d'b\uo"if]0ffnj0f]gfNk:g]x]g ef]ho]b\ojfGg+ uf]w"dfGg+ jf

j[Ifsf{sgStdfnlgDaj{iffe"Sjfy}Zr kl/if]sM ;{ifk;'j{rnf;}Gwjzf{ª\u]i6fleZr k|b]xM sf{oMoyfbf]if+

r jdglj/]rgf:yfkgflg tLIf\0ffGoh:/d'k;]j]t :g]x:j]bf]kgfxf+Zr l;/fleZrfeLIf0f+

zf]0lftdj;]ro]bGoqf]kb| jzf]kmflblt S.S.Ci.23/12

First of all,the Punarnava(varsabhu) along with other herbs such as

Tilva,Bidanga,Triphala,Kutaja,Maricha,Devadaru,Sunthi,etc are used to prepare

decoction and the Guggulu is either dissolved in cow’s urine or in the this

decoction can be used in case of Sotha.

zDkfsf]?a'j{iffe"jflhuGwflgzfR5b}M

k~rd"nLanf/f:gfu'8"rL;'/bf?leM S.S.Ci.38/43

A decoction of varshabu along with Rasana,vasaka,Rohisa,Eranda,Dasa-mula

group,etc can be given in case of disease due to the dearranged vayu localized in

the region of the thigh,legs,coxcy,sides and bills of shoulder, manya,head and

neck.The prepration used here is in the form of Sneha vasti.

pQ/:yfg

j[ZrLjlaNjj{iffEjM koZrf]bsd]j r

kr]T IfL/fjlzi6+ t' tb\lw ;{jHj/fkxDf\ S.S.U.39/202

Punarnava along with other herbs are made paka in water and milk and when milk

is only left ,it is given to drink,it cures all types of fever.

j[ZrLjd'?a"s+ r j{iffe"{a[xtLb\joDf\

lrqs+ r hnb|f] 0f] kSTjf kfbfjz]ilftDf\ S.S.U.42/46

Sveta Punarnava along with red punarnava and other herbs are made decoction,in

which honey and darang churna is mixed and left for 10 days.Now thid can be

given after complete digestion of food and this cures Arista

gulma,avipaka,anorexia.

kmNu'j[ZrL/b{efZd;f/r"{0f+ r jfl/0ff

;'/]If'/;b{efDa'kLt+ s[R5|?hfkxDf\ S.S.U.59/24

The Punarnava along with other herbs is used to cure the complication of painful

micturation.

sNk:yfg

lnXofGdw'o'tf+ Zj]tf+ Zj]tf+ rflk k'g{gjfDf\

U/GyoM sf]lsn]gf]U/f Hj/f] bfxZr bf?0fM S.S.Ka.7/24

j{iffe"gLlngLSjfysNsl;b\w+ 3[t+ lka]Tf\

c?0f]gflgnM S?b\wf] jfthfG s'?t] ubfGf\ S.S.Ka.7/25

The decoction and kalka of Punarnava and nilini is prepared in ghrita,if taken

allievates chonic fever,dreadful burning sensation.

Zj]tf+ k'g{gjf+ rf:o bb\ofb\wQ"/sfo'tfDf\

knn+ ltnt}n+ r /"lksfofM kof] u'8M S.S.Ka.7/52

Punarnava along with other herbs such as dhatur,white coal,ghrita are used in the

bite of mad animals poisoning.

Punarnava in Astanga hridaya

lrlsT;f:yfg

k'g{gjlzjfl6sf ;/nsf;d{bfd[tf

k6f]na[xtLkm0lfHhs/;}M koM;+o't}M

3[t+ lqs6'gf r l;b\wd'ko'Ho ;~hfot]

gsf;ljifdHj/Ifo u'bfª\s'/]Eof] eoDf\ A.H.Ci.3/58

The ghrita of punarnava along with Giloya,kasaudi,kastha,siwatika,patol,etc can be

used to cure cough,rheumatic fever,tuberculosis ans piles.

Psfª\uzf]km] j{iffe"s/jL/sls+z's}

ljzfnflqkmnf/f]W/glnsf b]jbf?leM M A.H.Ci.7/25

Here it is explained that Punarnava along with the other herbs can be

used to reduce swelling and tenderness.

d[b\jLsfrJoj{iffe"b'/fnDefDnj]t;}M61

z[ª\uLtfdnsLef{uL/f:gfuf]If'/s}M kr]Tf\

sNs}:tT;{jsf;]if' Zjf;lxWdf;' r]iot] A.H.Ci.3/62

Punarnava is used here for the preparation of punarnavadi ghrita which is used in

treatment of kasa.The punarnava along with saral kastha,kasaudi,giloya, parwal

etc, is used to cure interic fever,tuberculosis and piles.

;'q:yfg

k|Tos k'ikL kLt t}nf]bsL{of

Zj]tfo'Ud+ tfk;fgf+ r j[IfM A.H.Su.15/28

Yugma along with white aank,nagadanti,langali,bharangi,rasna,etc, of which arka

is obtained if used cures kapha dosha,meda dosha,isa,krimiroga,kustha .

pQ/:yfg

sfZd{olqkmnf b|f Iffsf;d{blgzfb\jo}M

u'8"rL;}{osfeL?z'sgf;f k'g{gj}M A.H.U.34/18

The kalka of kasamarya,triphala,giloya,satawari,punarnava ect is prepared and

made paka in ghrita.If it is given to drink,it cures all vata roga and is best in

reproductive system of medicine.

lzU?ltNjst{sf/Luhs[i0ffk'g{gj}M

sfnfd[tf{sd"n}Zr k'ik}Zr s/xf6h}M A.H.U.22/66

Punarnava along with other herbs are taken and lepa kalpana is made in sura.If it is

applied frequently for many times oftenly cures vataja goitre.

Punarnava in Astanga samgraha

;"q:yfg

!....................j[ZrLjgg{jfdxnf;nf...............jdgf]kof]UfLlg .. A.S.Su.14/2

Punarnava along with other drugs such as madanphala,jimutaka,etc is kept under Vamanopayogi(emetic) drugs.

@................s'i7/f:gfk'gg{gsQ0fd'nflg..............lg?xf]kof]uLlg .. A.S.Su.14/4

Punarnava along with other drugs such as madanphala,jimutaka,kosataki,dashmula,etc are mentioned as Niroohopayogi drugs.

#............bfIffdnsk'gg{jj[ZrL.............Zjf;zdgfy .. A.S.Su.15/34

Draksha,amalaki,punarnava,abhaya,etc from the Kasaghna gana cures cough and used in treatment of swasa.

lrlsT;f:YffGf

!= bzd"nan}/08d'nk'gg{jfztfj/L ========= ;f}jr{nf9\of+lkg]t\ .. A.S.Ci.13/3

Medicated oil or ghee prepared with decoction of dashmula and other drugs and

the paste of same drug,it should be used for drinking(internal oleation therapy).The

same drug should be used for processing the food and drinks,for preparing balls

and poultice for fomentation,for processing juices.

@= ======= d"nljbf/Ll4k'gg{jSjfy] ==================== siffoflbg]leM sNko]t .. A.S.Ci.13/13

Medicated ghee is prepared with the decoction of drugs of virataradi ganaand the

two punarnava and the paste of trapusha and other drugs is prepared and this ghrit

is used as drink,breaks the store quickly caused by pitta.Decoction,etc(food and

drinks) should be prepared from these drugs only as stated earlier.

#= ztfj/Luf]If'/sj[xtL4ok'gg{jf]zLdw's ========== k\dbf oyf sfndf;+Vof Olt ..A.S.Ci.13/24

Medicated oil is prepared from decoction of punarnava along with other drugs,four

parts of milk,paste of Bala..etc.This oil should be used for uttar vasti(Douche of

urinary bladder).

In case of sukrasmari(seminal stone) after purifying the alimentary tract and

in order to purify the receptacle of semen,the patient who is strong should be asked

to eat meat which increases sexual desire and the meat of cock,to his heart content

and then indulge in sexual intercourse with women,as appropriate to the season.

Punarnava in Sarangdhar Samhita

k'gg{jfbL of]u

k'gg{jf bf? z'i7L+ l;4fy{ lzw'd]j r . lki6\jf r}jf/gfn]g n]kM ;j{zf]wlht ..#..

The paste is made with the rice wash and applied relieve all kinds of sotha.

k'gg{jf /; lqmof

b'Uw]g s08+ Iff}b|]]0f g]q;|fj+ r ;lif{df ! k'ik+ t}n]g ltld/+ sflHhs]zg lgzfGwtfd\ ..!))..

k'gg{jf ho]bfz' ef:s/l;qld/+ oyf .

Punarnava is used as Anjan with milk dispells kandu with honey,discharges from

the eyes with ghee,puspa(corneal sears),with oil the defects of vision and with

kanjika(rice wash) night blindness.

k'gg{jflb sjfyM kf08'zf]wbf}

k'gg{jfeoflgDabfjL{ljQm/ kn]ns}M ..&^..

u'8'rLgfu/o't}M Sjfyf] uf]d'q;+o'Q M . kf08'sf;fb/Zjf ;z"n ;jf{Ëzf]wxf

Decoction of punarnava along with other drugs is taken with cow’s urine relives

pandu,kasa,udara,swasa,sula,sarbanga sotha.

Punarnava in kaasyap samhita

lrlsT;f :yfg

jif{e"d"nlgisfy+ of]ho]4]jbf?0ff ..

tt\ loj]Gdw';+o'Qm+ z"gf :qL d"j{of ;x .

The decoction of punarnava mula along with devdaru churna and other with honey

is given to women having sotha.

/:gf k'g{gjf s'i7+ tu/+ b]jxf? r .. =================== zfDot] s6'j'tgf ff

The punarnava along with rasana,kustha,tagar,guduchi,triphala,dashamula,etc if

taken cures the Katuputana(sheetaputana).

Punarnava in Gadanigraha

k'gg{jfkf]/hLZj+b+i6«+ kmNu'k|jfn+ r ;be{k'ikd\ .

Iff/fDa'dB]If'/;M ;'lki6+ k]o++ ej]bZdl/zs{/f;' .. $* ..

The kshar of puspa of punarnava along with other drugs is given with

water,alcohol and sugarcane juice is used in the treatment of Ashmari,Sarkarajanya

mutraghata.

Punarnava in Chakra Dutt

!=kg'g{jflbsNs

k'gg{jfljZjlqj[bu'8'rL – ;Dkfs kYof˜ d/bfxsNsd \ .

zf]y] skmf]Ty] dlxiffIfo'Qm+ d"q+ lk]j]4f ;lnn+ ty}iffd\ ..&..

Punarnava along with other drugs is made kalka and mixed with suddha guggula

and made decoction and is given to drink, cures kaphajanya sotha.

@=u'8'rL ;fl/jf b|fIff ztk'ikf kgg{jf .

;u'8f]˜o+ siffoM :ofb \ jftHj/lggfzgM &&..

Decoction of Punarnava along with other drugs is used in the treatment of vataja

jwora.

# k'gg{jfd08'/d

k'gg{jflqj[t+R5'igL – lkKknL dl/rflg r .

lj8Ë b]jsfi7Rr lrqs+ k'is/fx[bod\ ..$!..

lqkmnf+ 4] xl/b] r bGtLHr rljs+ tyf

s6h:o kmn+ ltQmf– lkKknLd"nd':tsd\ ..$@..

Ptflg ;defuflg d08'/ l4u'0f+ taM .

uf]dq]8i6u'0f] kSTjf :yfko]t l:gUw efhg] ..

kf08] zf]wf]b/fgfx z"nfz{M lqmldu'Ndg't\ ..$#..

Punarnava along with other drugs in formulation of Punarnavadi mandura is used

to cure Pandu,Sotha,Udarroga,Pain,Arsha,Krimi and Gulma.

$= o';gg{jf lgDjk6f]nz'i7L ltQmfd[ttfbfj{eofs\ifoM .

;jf{Ëzf]yf]b/sf;z"n+ Zjf;lGgt+kf08'ub+ lgxlGt ..!)..

Decoction of punarnava along with other drugs is used in treatment of Sarvanga

sotha,Udarroga,Kasa,Sula,Swasa,Pandu.

%=k'gg{jfbf? z'i7L Sjfy] d"q] r s]jn]

bzd'n/;] jf˜lk u'Uu'n'M zf]wgfzgM ..!@..

The decoction of Punarnava along with other drugs if taken with cow’s urine or

Dashamula decoction by mixing with guggula cures Sotha.

æk'gg{jfd"nslkTybf?–lr5Ggf] Dbjflrqsd"nl;4fM .

/;fojfUjZr kof+l; e"iffMzf]wy] k|b]of bzd"njfef{M ..@#..

The decoction of Punarnava along with Dashamula kalka and is made siddha with

mamsarasa,yavagu,milk and is given in case of Sotha.

Punarnava in Bhaisajya Ratnawali

k'gg{jflb siffo

k'gg{jfj]Nnhaf0f k'ËljZjlUg kYoflr/ ljNaljNj}M .

s[tM siffoM zdo]bz]iffg\ b'gf{du'Ndu|x0fLsljsf/fg\ ..(..

The decoction of Punarnava along with other drugs is given in case of Gulma and

Grahni.

k'gg{jflb t}nd\

k'gg{jfknzt+ hnbf]0f] ljdfro]b . ===================

==== t}n k'gg{jfVoft+ ;jf{g\ JofwLg\+ Joof]xlt .. !$)–!$^..

The tail made from punarnava along with other drugs is used as in cure of all

diseases internally.

k'gg{jflb d08'/d\

k'gg{jf lqj[R5'i7L lkKknL dl/rfgL r . ==========================

kf08' zf]yf]b/fgfxz"nfy{ M lqmldu'Ndg't\ ..^$–^&..

The formulation made from punarnava along with above drugs is used in the

treatment of Pandu,Sotha,Anaha,Sula,Krimi,Gulma,etc.

k'gg{jflb3[td\

k'gg{jfSjfysNsl;W4 zf]yx/ 3'td\ ..!$!..

The decoction and kalka of Punarnava is made siddha in ghee and is given in case

of sotha.

k'gg{jflbn]k

k'gg{jfbf?z'i7Ll;4fy{lzk|d]j r . lki6\j rf}jf/gfn]g k|]n]kM;j{zf]y lht. ..*@..

Punarnava along with above drugs is made kalka and if used as lepa cures all kinds

of Sotha.

k'gg{jflb Sjfy

k'gg{jf duwhf ==== zf]y] hxflt hN/:o g/:o zL3|d ..@(..

The decoction of punarnava along with other drugs if given to drink cures the sotha

of alimentary tract.

k'gg{jflb r'0f{

k'gg{jf˜ ===== cfdjft+ lgxGTofz' u[w|;Ld'4tfdfly ..%5–%^..

The punarnava along with other drugs is used in treatment of

Aamavata,Gridhasi,etc.

Punarnava in Yoga ratnakar

l6sfsf/ – >L nIdLklt zf:qL, cfo'j]{bfrfo{

P/08d'n+ z/;if{0+ r do"l/osf Zj]t k'gg{jf r ..

:tGo]g lki6\jf s'? ;+lgkft] n]k+ ;bf ;j{ub+ lgxlGt ..@..

Punarnava along with other drugs are used in prepration of Lepa which is used in

treatment of all types of Sannipaat.

cs{u|flGys lzu|bf?rljsf lguff{l08sflkKknL

/f:gfe[Ë k'gg{jf˜gnjrf e"lgDa z'i7Ls[tM ..*..

Punarnava along with other drugs is used to make decoction which is given to cure

Tri-dosha,Sannipata,Sutika roga,different types of Vata roga,sheeta,etc.

Punarnava in Bhavprakash Nighantu

Zj]tk'gg{jf

k'gg{jf Zj]td"nf zf]y£gL bL3{klqsf .. @#$..

s6'M siffofg' /];f kf08'£gL bLkgL k/f . zf]kmlgnfsf/ ZNf]idx/L a£gf]b/k|u't\ .. @#%..

Synonym-punarnava,swetamula,sothagni,dirghapatrika

Latin name-trianthema monogyma (p.c.roy)

English name-spreading hogweed

Guna-sweta punarnava is kasaya

rasa,agnideepaka,panduroga,sotha,vata,pitta,kapha and udarnasaka.

/Qmk'gg{jf

k'gg{jfd/f /Stf /Stk'ikf lznfl6sf . zf]y£gLIf'bjiff{e" j{ifs]t'M sl7lNnsf .. @#^ ..

k'gg{jf?0ff ltStf s6'kfsflxdf n3'M . jftnf u|x0fL Zn]idlkQ/StfljgflzgL .. @#& ..

Synonym-rakta

punarnava,raktapuspha,siwatika,sothagni,kshudravarsabhu,brisket,kattilacka

Latin name-Boerhavia diffusa.

Guna-tikta ,Vipaka-madhura ,Virya-seeta vatahar,kaphapittahar,raktavikar nashak

Description-there are two types of punarnava(sweta and rakta).But in raj nighantu

neela punarnava is also described.

Sweta punarnava-plant doesnot dries out during the ripening of fruit.grows in

rainy season and completes its flowering and fruiting in same season.At the end of

rainy autumn season it is rare.Its is also named named as varsabhu and usually

found in heighty and damp place.If it is free from weeds it grows upto 5-6 feet

long.Leaf usually round ,soft and thick.Stem-hairy,Flower-white,Seed-

triangular,small.

Rakta punarnava-plant dries out during ripening of fruit but the root doesnot dies

which eventually grows into a new plant in favourable rainy season.its

leaf,stem,flower arered in colour.leaf-small,it is consumed as spinach in villages.

Part used-panchanga,esp-mula

Dose-sworasa 10-20 ml,decoction 40-80 ml

Uses-rechaka,pachaka,mutral,kapha nissaraka and

vamaka.Swas,Sotha,kamala,Plihodar,yakritodar,Mutrakrischha,Bidradhi-nasak.The

pralepa is visagna and twokgata sothnasaka.

Punarnava is best kaphanissaraka and its

powder,decoction,seeta,kasaya is used in swasa and achieved best result.

Punarnava in Abhinab Nighantu

Zj]t k'gg{jf

k'gg{jfZj]td"nfzf]yWgLbL3{klqsf ..

s6'M siffofg'/;fkf+8'WgLbLkgLk/f ..

zf]sflgnu/ ZNf]idx/La|0of]b/k|0f't\ .. !$

Sanskrit name-sweta punarnava,swetmula,sothagni,dirghapatrika

Latin name-Boerhavia diffusa linn.

Description-Vishkharpara is prostate herb ,leaf-rounded with red margin,fruit-

small whitish.

Guna-katu,kasaya,agnikaraka,vata nasaka

Uses:pandu,sotha,vatavridhi,kaphadhikkya,badharoga,udarroga,kash,hridyaroga,pil

es and analgesics.

Dose-2 masa

/Qmk'gg{jf

k'gg{jfk/f/Qmf/Qmk'ikflznfl6sf ..

zf]y£gLM If'›jiff{e"j[{ifs]t' M slkNnsM .. !%

k'gg{jf˜?0ffltQmfs6'kfslxdfn3'M ..

jftnfu|x0fLZNf]idlkQ/QmljgflzgL ..

Sanskrit name-Raktapuspa,Silatika,Sothagni,Kshudrabarsabu,rishaketu

Description-leaf-similar to that of Amaranthus,flower-reddish

Guna-Tikta,Vipaka-Seeta,Laghu,Vatakaraka and Grahi

Uses-Kapha and Raktapitta nasaka.

Part used-Panchanga

Dose-2 masa

gLnk'gg{jf

gLnfk'gg{jfgLnfZofdfgLnk'gg{jf

s[i0ffVofgLnjiff{e"gL{lngL:jflewflGjtf .

gLnfk'gg{jfltQms6'i0ffr/;fogf]

x[bf]uof+kf+8'ZJfoy'Zjf;jftskmkxf ..

Sanskrit name-Neela ,Syama,Neelkrishna,Varshabhu,Neeleni

Guna-Tikta,Usna,Rasayana

Uses-Hridya roga,Pandu roga,Sotha,Swasha,Kaphasamaka

Punarnava in Nighantu Ratnakar

l;tjiff{e'jf] d"n+ oy;f kLt+ r k}lts+ x/lt .

rft'ly{s+ ;'lr/h+tfDa'n]g}j eIf0ffbyjf ..

zf]y£gLG›ojfokf7flj8Ëfltljiff3gfM .

SjflyTjf P]if0ffM kLtfM zf]yftL;f/gfzgfM ..

Punarnava along with above drugs is made decoction which if given to drink cures

Ashana,Pitah,Sotha and Atisara.

k'gg{jfjlNnhaf0fk'ª\vf ljZjflUgkYoflr/ljNjlaNj}M .

s[tM siffofM zdo]nz]iffGb'gf{du'Ndu|x0fL ljsf/fg\ .

Punarnava along with above drugs is made decoction and if it is given to drink

,cures the diseases like Gulma and Grahni.

Punarnava in Shankar Nighantu

k'gg{jf

E.N. Spreading hogweed

u'0f

Zj]t k'gg{jf, ltQm, pi0f, siffo, ?lrsf/s, clUg lbks, ?If, dw'/, :j/, x[bosf]nflu lxtsf/L,

zf]y, skm, jft, sf;, cz{, >0f, kf08'/f]u, ljif, pb/, z"n, x[bo/f]u / 8/, Ift /f]unfO{ lgsf]

kf5{ . o;sf] d"n ldg]/ d[t ld;fP/ c+hgsf] ?kdf k\of]u ubf{ cfFvfsf] zf]y lgsf] kf5{ . o;sf]

d'n sNsdf dx ld;fP/ c+hg ubf{ /Qm;|fj gfzs x'G5 . o;sf] d'n dfq hnsf] ;fy cfFvfdf

nufpFbf ltld/ /f]u lgsf] x'G5 . ufO{sf] uf]j/sf] /;df o;sf] d"n / kLkn pdfn]/ c+hg ubf{

/tGwf] lgsf] x'G5 . o;sf] kftsf] /; pi0f x'G5 .Æ

/Qmk'gg{jf ljQm, ;f/s, zf]ygfzs, /Qmk|b/ /f]u, kf08'/f]u / lkQ lgsf] kf5{ . gLnf] k'gg{jf

ltQm, [i0f, /;fog tyf x[bo/f]u kf08'/f]u, zf]w, Zjf;, jf6 / skm gfzs x'G5 . k'gg{jfsf]

kftsf] zfs cToGt ?If tyf jf6, dGbflUg, u'Nd, KnLxL / z"n gfz u5{ .

ljj/0f

k'gg{jf #–$ hftLsf] x'G5 . k"mn /ftf] / ;]tf] x'G5 . o;df ;]tf] k"mnsf] ljif vk/f xf] / /ftf]

k"mnsf] ;fFj cyf{t ubNo'/]gf xf] . ljif vk/fsf] If'k hldgdf k}mlnPsf] x'G5 . kft uf]nf] / /ftf]

ls/fgf ePsf] x'G5 . k"mn ;]tf] x'G5 . ;fF6sf] kft rf}nfO{sf] ;dfg x'G5 / k"mn /ftf] x'G5 .

Punarnava in Brihat-Nighantu

k'gg{jflbSjfy

k'gg{jf ljZjlqj[bu'8'rLZofdfskYof;'/bf?sNsd\ .

zf]y]skmf]Ty]If df+;d"q+Sjfy+lkj]xfKoyr}jt]iffd\ ..

Punarnava along with other herbs is made kalka and is given to drink with cow

urine,cures kaphaja sotha.

k'gg{jflb n]x

k'gg{jfd[tfbf?bzd"n/;fbs] . cf›{s:o/;d:y]u'8=======:ort'nf+kr]t\ .. tlT;Wb]0of]iffq} Zrk[ys

k[ys .

r"0fL{s[t}Zr;+lxt}d{w'gM s8j+lIfo]t\ .n]x]M k'gg{jf]gfd ZNf]id zf]kmlgif"xgM .

jf;fsf;f?lrx/f]ank'i6Øljgjw{gM ..

The Punarnava along with other herbs are used to make avaleha and is used to cure

Sotha,Swasa,Kasa,Anorexia and provides strength and nourishes the body tissue

and increases the digestive fire.

k'gg{jflb r"0f{

k'gg{jfbfJo{d[tfkf7fljZjZjfbf+li6«sfM . /hGof}å]j[xTof] r

lkKknLlrqsj[ifM .. ;defufln;+r"0o{ujf{d"q]0fjf lkj]t\ .

ax'k|sf/+Zjoo'+;j{ufqlj;fl/0fd\ . x+ltrfz'j/f0oi6f} j|0ff+Zr}jf]lTytfglo ..

The Punarnava along with other herbs are made churna and is given to drink with

cow urine,cures soth of whole body and heals the wound.

k'gg{jflb Sjfy

k'gg{jfbf?lgzflgz'+7Lx/LtsL . u"8"rL lrqsf] efËL{

b]jbf? r t}M ztd\ .. kfl0fkfbf]b/d'vk|fKtzf]km+ lgjf/o]t\ ..

The Punarnava along with above herbs is made decoction and if given to drink

cures the Sotha.

k'gg{jflb 3[t

k'gg{jfkq/;fnd"n+ ;+If'Btf]ofd{0fz]ifl;Wbd\ .

rt'y{efu]g3[t]gkSj+k|:y+t'tTsNsknfi6s]g ..

;+;]ljt+jftanf;/f]ufG;jf+{Zr zf]kmfgltb':t/f+Zr .

o'tdf]b/KnLxfu'bfG›]jf+Zrlgx+ltjfî +s'?t]rk'+;fd\ ..

The Punarnava along with amla is made kalka and ghrita is added one fourth of

kalka and is made paka in agni,when only ghrit is left and all kalka is dried in

ghrit,the ghrit if used cures excessive Sotha ,Cyst,Udara,Pliha,Piles and increases

the digestive fire.

k'gg{jflb n]k

k'gg{jfbf? z'+7Ll;Wbfy{M lzu|d]jr .

lki¶fr}jf/gfn]k|n]kM ;j{zf]kmlht\ ..

The Punarnava along with above herbs is made kalka and mixed with kanji and is

used as lepa,cure the Sotha.

k'gg{jflb :j]b

k'gg{jflUglgu'+8LklNft}/+8h}b{n}M .

;xr/}h{n+tKt+tT:j]bM zf]kmxfdtM ..

The Punarnava along with above herbs is cooked and the steam coming out if used

cures the Sotha.

k'gg{jflb of]u

k 'gg{jf d"nsb]jbf?lR5GgfG›]jflrsd"nl;Wbf .

/;fojfu'Zrkof+l;y"iffM zf]km]k|b]ofbzd"n0fdf{ M ..

The Punarnava along with above herbs is made decoction and is given with juice

,yavagu,milk,malt or given with dashamula decoction in case of Sotha.

Punarnava in Nepali Nighantu

!^* ;]tf] k'gg{jf

;++ – k'gg{jf, ljzfv, sl7Nnf, zlzjfl6sf, k[YjL, lzNjiff{e", bL3{kq, sl7Nns, k'gd"{, d+unkqs,

v]tdnf, j[ZrLj, jdf{e", If'b| oqs, zf]kmxgL

L.N. Trianthema Pentandra

:jfefj– tLtf], dw'/f], t/f]+, lk/f] / cljglbks 5 . kSjf:yfdf pi0f 5 . ljifbf]if, x[bo/f]u, sf;,

z'n, /Qmbf]if, kf08", zf]w jftljsf/, skmljsf/, cz{ c?lr, a|Wg/f]u / pbf/f]jfdf lxtsf/L 5 .

ef]s nufpF5 / /;fog 5 .

!^( – /ftf] k'gg{jf

;+= – /Qmk'gg{jf, q'm/f, d08nklqsf, /Qmsf08f, jif{s]t', nf]lxtf, /Qm klqsf, j}zfvL, zf]kmxgL,

/Qmk'liksf, ljifWgL, ;fl/0fL zf]0fkq, zf]vf, k'ge{j, If'b|jif{fe", lzjfl6sf, sl7Nns, /Qmk'ikf

L.N. Boerhavia diffusa

:jefj – tLtf], kSjfzodf kL/f], 708f, xNsf, ;f/s, jftjw{s / u|fxL 5 . skm lkq, /Qmljsf/,

zf]w, /Qmk|b/ / kf08'df pkof]uL 5 .

!&) – gLnf] k'gg{jf

;+ gLn k'gg{jf, Zofdf, s[i0ff, gLnjiff{e", gLlngL .

L.N. Trianthema decandra

:jefj – tftf], kL/f] / pi0f 5 . /;fog 5 . x[bo/f]u, kf08', zf]w, vf;, jftljsf/ / skm

ljsf/df pkof]uL 5 .

Punarnava in Nighantu Adarsha

jif{e' ju{

o;df dfq ;fgf] ;fgf] If'k x'G5 . o;sf] kft ;fbf, cled'v x'G5 . pkoq x'b}g . k'ik

afxosf]ifsf] bn $–% x'G5 . k'ik cEotsf]if x'b}g . o's]z/ % jf w]/} x'G5 . jLh uf]nf] r]K6f] xf] .

o; ju{sf] Mollugo s'6'Dasf] jg:klt dnjf/df kk{6sf] ?kdf pko'Qm x'G5 .

@$=% ljifvk/f

Distribution -ptklt :yfg_ – jiff{ Ct'df ;j{q

pko'Qm c+u – k~rfË, d'n, ;fs

j0f{g

o;sf] Ifk jiff{Ct'df oqtq pd|]sf] x'G5 . of] hldgdf k}mlnPsf] x'G5 . kq uf]nf], df]6f], /; o'Qm,

;fgf] x'G5 . csf][ lt/sf] kft cln 7"nf] x'G5 . kqsf] pWj{tn xl/of] / cw:tn xl/tfe wjn

x'G5 . kqsf] ls/fgf u'nfaL of /ftf] x'G5 . kqsf] pWj{tfndf cfOUnf;n] x]bf{ ;"Id rdlsnf]

cg]s ljGb'x? b]lvG5g\ . o:t} cB:tndf klg x'G5 . pkkq x'b}g . k's]z/ !) b]lv @) ;Dd

x'G5 . jLh sfnf], rf}8f / r]K6f] x'G5 / xNsf uf]nf] x'G5 . o;sf] kftsf] ;fs vfOG5g .

pkof]u

k'gg{jfsf] ;b[Zo o;sf] d'n, oq cflb zf]wWg 5g\ . ;fs zf]wWg / d"n d'qn / zf]yOg 5 .

jQmJo

jiff{e"sf] cy{ aiff{ Ct'df ptkGg x'g] jfnf xf] . o;sf] ldNbf] h"Nbf] Pp6f c? If'k x'G5 .

Trianthema crystalline h;sf] kmn cfOunf;af6 x]bf{ dg'iosf] bf9 ;dfg b]lvG5 .

o;nfO{ /Qmk'ikf Zj]td"nf, k'gg{jf eGg ;lsG5 . wGjGtl/ lgoi6'sf/n] jiff{e"{nfO[ qm'/ gfd

lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} d08nkqs, Zj]td'n, dxfjiff{e" o;sf] kof{o eg]sf 5g\ . Trianthemg

portulacastrum nfO{ oLgn] Zj]t k'gg{jf atfPsf 5g\ . Journal of Indian

Botanical society 1942, 21, 87 df >L rqmjtL{n] oL b'Osf] u'0f / s'6'Dasf] jg:klt

km/s ePtf klg oLlgx?nfO{ ;dfg eg]sf 5g\ .

Punarnava in saushruta nighantu

k'jg{jf Cifes]t'd{nfjiff{e'/]j r .

jZrLsf] bL3{ aiff{e"M Zj]td[nZr lslt{tM..@^..

In saushruta nighantu,following synonyms are stated and they are Rishav,varshabhu,Vrischi,Dirgh varshabhu,Sveta mula.

Punarnava in Madanpaal Nighantu

k'gg{jf ;fF7L

k'gg{jf Zj]td"nf k[Yjfsf] bL3{ kqsM .

ljiffbbL3f]{ jiff{e"M k'ge"{d{08nR5bf .. !^& ..

k'gg{jf j/f ltQmf ?Iff]i0f dw'/f s6'M .

k'gg{jf˜?0ff ltQmf /Qmk'ikf sl6Nnsf .. !^* ..

s"|?sM If'›jiff{e"j{iff{s]t'M lzjfl6sf .

zf]kmflgnj|0fZn]idx/f ?Rof /;fogL .. !^( ..

k'gg{jf j/f ltQmf s6'kfsf lxof n3' M .

jftnf u|xl0f Zn]id/QmlkQljgflzgL .. !&) ..

Synonym-two types-Sweta and

Rakta.swetmula,dirghapatraka,prithivika,varshabhu,punarbhu,mandallacchada etc

is the synonym for white punarnava.and aruna

,tikta,raktapuspa,katillaka,kruraka,kshudravarsabhu,varshaketu and sivatika is the

synonym for red punarnava.

Guna-sweta punarnava is saraka,katu,ruksha,usna,madhura.rakta punarnava is

used in Sotha, Vata,Vrana,Kaphanasaka,Ruchivardhaka and Rasayana.It is seetal

and katu ,laghu,vatakaraka,malbandhaka,raktapitta,kaphasamaka.

Distribution-cosmopolitan and usually found in rainy season in prostate

condition.It is also called as Gadhapurana.

Punarnava in Kayadeva Nighantu

@!) k'gg{jf

k'gg{jf k'ge"{M :oft ;bfd08nkqsM .

ZJf]td"nZr j[ZrLjf] jiff{e"M /QmkqsM .. &%@

zf]kmWgL hl6nf ;Bf]ljzf]ifL bL3{kqsM .

jiff{e"d{w'/f ltQmf siffof s6'sf ;/f .. &%#

Iff/f]i0ff jLkgL ?Iff zf]kmlgnskmfkxf .

x[Bf ?Rof ho]bzf]{q0fkf08'u/f]b/d\ .. &%$

Synonym-Punarnava

,Putarbhu,Madalpatraka,Swetmula,Varshabhu,Raktapatraka,Sophagni,Jatilla,Dirgh

apatraka.

Guna karma-punarnava-Madhura,Tikta,KasayaKkaturasa,Saraka,Kshariya,Usna-

virya,Agnideepak,Ruksha,Sotha-Vata kapha nasaka,useful for heart

,appetiter,wound,anaemia,visa and udaravikara nasaka.

Punarnava in Raj nighantu

Zj]t k'gg]jf s] gfd

k'gg{jf ljzfvZr sljNnfM zlzjfl6sf .

k[YjL r l;tjiff{e"bL{j{kq M sl7Nns M -!!%_

Punarnava,Bishakh,Kathilla,Sashivatika,Prithvi,Sheetavarsabhu,Deerghapatra are

the name for white punarnava.

Zj]t k'gg{jfsf] u'0f

Zj]tf k'gg{jf ;f]i0ff ltQmf skm ljiffkxf .

sf;5b|f]jfznf:q–kf08'zf]kmflgnflQg't\ .. !!&..

White punarnava is Tikta rasa,Usna veerya and kapha,visa nasaka.It also cures

hridaya roga,pain,rakta vikaar,Pandu roga,Sotha and vataja pain.

;Qmk'gg{jfsf] u'0f

jiff{ej M zf]0ffkq M zf]0ff M ;DdLlntb|'dM .

k'gg{jf]gjf] gUoM :ofx\jfljf{zlt;+1of ..!!(..

/Qmf kg'g{jf ltQmf ;fl/0fL /f]kmfgflzgL .

/Qmk|b/bf]ifWgL kf08'loQk|elb{gL ..!@)..

Rakta Punarnava is Tikta rasa and sotha nasaka.It also cures Rakta vikaar,pradara

roga,Pandu and Pitta janya diseases.

gLn k'gg{jfsf] gfd

gLnf k'gg{jf gLnf Zofdf gLnk'gg{jf .

s[i0fvof gLnaof{e"gL{lngL :jflewflGjtf ..!@!..

Neela,Syama,Krishna roopa,Neelavarsha,Nilini are the synonyms for Neela

Punarnava.

gLn k'gg{jfsf] u'0f

gLn k'gg{jf ltQmf s6'i0f r /;fogL .

x[b|f]ukf08'Zjoy'–Zjf;jftskmfk5f ..!@@..

Neela punarnava is Tikta and Kashaya Rasa,Usna veerya and Rasayana.It cures

Hridaya roga,Sotha,Swasa,Vataja and Kaphaja vikaar.

Laboratory manual of plant taxonomy,byN.S.Subrahmanyam

Habit:Annual herb

Stem:Prostrate or ascending glabrous stem with distinct nodes;stem diffusely

branched.

Leaves:Opposite,unequal,exstipulate,simple,ovate,with rounded or cordate base,marginentire,apex obtuse,dorsal surface green,lower surface silvery white.

Inflorescence:Flowers crowded in heads at the end of long slender stalks forming terminal panicle.

Flowers:Bracteate,small,minute and red

Perianth:perianth lobes 5,pink,gamophyllous.

Androcium:Stamens 2-3,slightly exerted.

Gynocium:Monocarpellary,ovary unilocular,superior with single ovale.

Fruit:Aclavate,and 5 ribbed achene.

Floral formula:Br,Ebrl,О,¤,P5,A2-3,G(_1).

Punarnava in Dravya Guna Vigyan,by Priyabrat Sharma

Mutraladi barga

Mutrabirechaniya

Gana : vayaha sthaphan,kasahar,swedopag,anubashanopag,bidarigandhadi

Family : nytaginaceae

Latin name : Boerhavia diffusa Linn.

Sanskrit name : punarnava,sothagni

English name : spreading hog weed

Plant description : a perennial prostate herb upto 2-3 feet long. They especially grow in rainy season.Leaf-1-1.5 inch long,rounded slightly hairy opposite, flower-small,pinkish or whitish in long petiole, inflorescence-2-3, fruit -12 inch long with gland present,root-long,solid and white,flowering and fruiting in rainy season.

Type : 2 types-white and red. Botanically Boerhavia repande found in palpa ,6-7

feet long ,in form of hedge and in some book Boerhavia repanda is written as the

synonym of Boerhavia diffusa

Distribution : found everywhere especially in terai

Chemical composition : punarnavine,potassium nitrate

Guna : laghu ruksha

Rasa : madhura tikta kashaya

Vipaka : madhura

Virya : usna

Dosh karma : tridosha hara.pitta samaka due to madhura tikta kashaya rasa and

kapha vata samaka due to usna virya

Uses : external- lekhan and sothahar

Internal

D/S –dipana,anulomana,rechan,vamaka in high dose

C/S- hridya,raktavardhaka,sothahar,raktavarabardha

R/S – kashaha

Rep/S-veej,brishya

E/S- mutrajanan

Skin-svedajanan,kusthaagna

Temperature-jworagna

Satmikarana-rasayana,bisagna

Parts used-mula,veej,panchanga

Dose-sworasa 5-10 ml,veej churna 1-3 gm

Visistha yoga-purarvastaka,punarvasawa,purarambu,punarnawadimandura

Punarnava in Dravya Guna Vigyan,by Gyanendra Pandey

Botanical name :Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.

Family :Nyctaginaceae

Classical name :Punarnava

Sanskrit name : punarnava,sothaghni,varsabhu

Regionalname:Gadahpurna,Gadahvindo(hindi),gadapunya(Beng),itsit(punj),Ghetu

li(Mar),Satodi,Basedo,Suketti,Spreading hogweed(Eng).

Description

A spreading diffusely branched pubescent or nearly glabrous herb;roots stout and

often perennial.Herb dries up in summer season and it grows up(regenerates) with

new plants during rainy season.(making the classical name punarnava

meaningful).Roots thick,stout,white often 1 foot or 30cm long;finger like in

thickness,fleshy when green or fresh,with 2-3 branches.Slight bitter in taste and

nauseous.

Leafstalk upto 5cm.Leaves rather thick in unequal

pairs,broadly ovate or somewhat circular,rounded at tip,green and glabrous

above,white beneath;petiole about 2.5cm,leaves opposite,two leaves of a node

differ in size.

Flowers in umbels of 4-10,arranged in panicles,perianth

pink,funnel shaped,5 lobed;stamens 2-3,flowers small,or minute,white or pink.

Fruit 5-ribbed,with glands on ribs;ft.0.625 cms.(1/4 inch long) packed

with many minute seeds.

Flowering and fruiting

After the herb come up in the rain and further grow they begin to flower and later

bear fruits during cold season(fron rains to autumn or winter).

Distribution

Plants occur through out as a common weed almost in all part of country,generally

on flat land and along road sides,also near water source.It assends to 1500m in the

Himalayan regions.Plants is found in Andhra Pradesh,bihar,Gujarat,jammu and

Kashmir,Karnataka,kerala,Aasam,Tamilnadu,Uttarpradesh n other region of India.

Kinds and varieties

There are two kinds of punarnava in classical texts of Materia medica(nighantu)

viz. Rakta and Sveta which are botanically identified as Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.

And Trianthema species respectively.Another plant Boerhavia repanda Willd. Is

also refered in context of Punarnava.In all Punarnava traya’ mentioned in texts

(nighantu) comprising three kinds of punarnava also indicate to Nila

Punarnava(blue variety) as included and referred particularly by Narahari(Raja

nighantu,prabhadra,116).

Classically it is observed about two or three kinds of Punarnava

in texts(nighantu),generally two varieties are white and red and rarely third one is

blue variety.

Botanically another species of Boerhavia i.e,Boerhavia repanda

Willd.syn.b.repens L. is also referred botanical source of punarnava.

Presently the punarnava traya,triogroup of punarnava,includes punarnava

rakta(Boerhavia diffusa),punarnava sveta(Boerhavia verticillata Poir) and

visakharpara(Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.) which have been dealt saperately.

Chemical composition

Plant contains punarvine 0.01-0.04%,a slightly bitter alkaloids,potassium

nitrate0.52%,chlorides and oils.Ash contains sulphate,chlorides,nitrate and

chlorate.

Pharmacodynamics

Rasa :Madhura,tikta,kasaya

Guna :Laghu,ruksha

Virya :Usna

Vipaka :Madhura

Doshakarma :Tridoshahara

Properties and actions

Karma :mutrala,lekhana,dipana,hridya,raktabharbhardhaka,kasa,vrisya,mutrajanan,svedaja

nan,Kusthaghna,jvaraghna,rasayana,visaghna,arsoghna.

Roga

sotha,mutrakricchra,mutraghat,pandu,kamala,yakritplihavikara,hridroga,sarvangas

otha,agnimaandya,udarroga,vibandha,plihodara,kasa,svasa,urahkshata,raktapradara

,kustha,jvara,chaturthika jvara,dourbalya,visa,sarpa visa,musika

visa,alarkavisa,netra roga,vidradhi,antarvidradhi,mudha

garbha,slipada,asmari,garbinisotha,nidranasa,vranasotha.

Therapeutic uses

The drug punarnava is antibilary, antipyretic,ear

diatonic,diuretic,expectorant,laxative,sodorific,stomachic.It is used in

anaemia,calculus ,heart diseases,insomnia,internal inflammation,jaundice,leprosy

and oedema.

The drug is used in traditional medicine as an antidote against datura

poisoning dhatura visa(toxic effects of datura metel linn.)/spider and snake bite

poisons.the studies with petroleum ether extract and their fractions have revealed

diureatic action.

Part used: Roots,whole plant, seed

Dose : Juice 5-10 ml.,seed powder 1-3 gm

Formulations

Punarnavadi mandura, punarnavasava, punarnavastaka kvatha,

punarnavadilepa, punarnavadya tailam, punarnavadi ghrtam, punarnavadilepa,

punarnavadi curna, punarnavadi guggulu, punarnavadyavaleha.

Group vayahsthapana ,kasahara, svedopaga, anuvasanopaga (caraka samhita),

vidarigandhhadi (susuruta samhita).

B. Vrisciva-Sveta Punarnava

Botanical name:Boerhavia verticillata Poir.

Family :Nyctaginaceae

Classical name :Vrisciva-Sveta punarnava

Sanskrit name :vrisciva-

vriscira,sveta,punarnava,svetamula,sothagni,kathillaka,visakha,sasivatika,prithvi,si

tavarsa,bhudirghapatra.

Regional name:safed gadahpurna,safed punarnava(hindi).

Description

Spreading or prostrate herb resembling to Boerhavia spp. With characterstic

distinction.

Prarmacodynamics

Rasa :Tikta

Virya :Usna

Vipaka :Katu

Dosakarma :Kaphapittahara

Properties and action

Karma: sothahara,visaghna,kasahara,sulahara,panduhara,caksusya.

Roga: Sotha,hridroga,visa,kasa,pandu,sula,netraroga-dristimandya.

Therapeutic uses

The drug vrisciva or sveta punarnava is effectively useful in the management of

oedema,dysurea,fever,anaemia,colic,eye diseases,cough,poisons,abdominal and

heart troubles.

In splenomegaly(plihodara),the roots of white punarnava pounded with rice-

water alleviates enlargement of spleen.The roots of plant drug are taken with cow’s

urine for alleviating all kinds of oedemaand udarroga.

The milk boiled with vrisciva and punarnava and tanduliyaka is given to

check discharges. Roots of white punarnava and varuna(Craeteva religiosa)

decocted in water and taken for treating unripe abscess(aama or apakva vidradhi).

The oil cooked with root of white punarnava is applied for removing

vatakantaka in feet. In all types of fever ,vrisciva, punarnava nd bilva, are boiled

with milk and water (reduced to milk only) and is taken for the alleviation of

Fever.

To counter poison, white punarnava has been indicated in medical texts.

Parts used : root

Dose : Juice 10-20 ml;decoction 50-100m

C.VISAKHARPARA

Botanical name :Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.

Family :Aiozaceae(Ficoidaceae)

Classical name :visakharpara

Regional name :biskharpa,pathara,svet-sabuni,santhi,gadahani

Description

Trianthema portulacastrum linn.syns;Trianthema monogyna,Trianthema

obchordata Roxb,prostrate glabrous or puberulus more or less succulent

herbs;branches forked upto 60cm or more long;herb forming patches,reddish green

to green in colour.

Leaves opposite or sub-opposite in equal pairs,linear,or broadly

obovate,apiculate,cuneate at base,2.5-3 *2.4-3cm.,petioles5-10mmor more

long;dilated into a sheath at the base.leaves paired unequally.

Flowers sessile in pouch like petiolar sheath,pinkish white.calyx tube

scarious lobes-5,cuspidate,slightly petaloid.stamans 10 or

more;anthers pink or white.ovary truncate,1- celled,style-1.

Capsule small,almost concealed in the petiolar pouch or

sheath,truncate slightly concave,with 2 spreading teeth,carrying away at least one

seed,lower part 3-5 seeded,seeds reniform muriculates,dull black,capsule

5mm,long,6-8 seeded;seeds muricates,black,2mm in diameter.

Flowering and fruiting time

Plants flowers and fruit in july-january.

Distribution

Plants occurs neotropics.it ig growing common in waste places,on ridges,or wall

crevices and in agricultural fields.central india and various regions,driers and warm

regions.

Trianthema triquetrum Rottl.ex Willd,syn Trianthema crystalline,non(Forsk) Vahl.

Mat forming 2-chotomously branched,caespitose herb.flowers 1 or 2-3 in forks of

branches.perianth herbaceous,with many ribs,not sheathed by the base of

petiole.Capsule upto 2mm,long,2 seeded,seeds discoid,black,marked with raised

lines.

Flowering and fruiting time

Plants flowers and fruit in Aug-Dec.

Distribution

Plants occurs in Asia and Africa tropics.It is grown in ravines and waste places in

central indiaand other regions in india,It is occasional or rare in uttarpradesh

plains,driers,warm,ravenous and other localities.

Kinds and varieties

Trianthema triquetra willd,ex.Rottl.(belonging to family Aiozaceae) is

knownasKakkapaakakoora(Telagu),Sirusharma(Tamil),Alethi(Punj),Pathar

phor(Rajasthan).

It is small prostrate branched herb widely distributed in India.Stems and

branches slender,usually red leaves,small,succulent,flowers several in axil,capsules

2.3*1.5mm.2 seeded;seeds compressed,orbicular reniform black.

As the plant forms a green carpet on the sandy and dry soils,it may be dried

as a sand binder,it may sometimes also become an aggressive weed.The herb is

suspected of poisoning livestock.

Two forms of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. Are also reported to occur

in this species: a red colored form in which the stem,leaf margins and flowers are

red and green colored form which has green colored stem and white flowers.

Some other species of Trianthema genus are also reported other then Trianthema

triquetra Willd.ex.Rottd.ex(syn. T. crystalline acuct. Non vahl) T.

portulacastrumLinn. Is used as an adulterant of the roots of Boerhavia diffusa,but

doesnot contain punarnavine(as T.portulacastrum Linn. Contain another alkaloid

trianthine) which also contains ecdly sterone processing moulting harmone

activity.Other species include Trianthema decandra Linn,Trianthema govindia

Buchham.

Chemical composition

Analysis of the leafy vegetable gave the following values:moisture

91.3,protein2.0,fat0.4,carbohydrate3.2,crude fibre0.9 and

ash2.2g,calcium1.00,phosphorous30,iron38.5 and ascorbic acid70mm/100gm of

edible matter.Carotene(2.3mg/100mg) has been reported.

The plant is rich in phosphorous and iron but poor in calcium.Herb also

contain high quantity of potassium nitrate.

The chemical analysis of the weed indicate of the weed indicated its potential

value as a source of organic matter to the soil,the weed considerably enriches the

soil with nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium.

Therapeutic uses

In the plant drug Visakharpara,the high content of soluble oxalate affect the

assimilation of calcium.Care may be taken to eliminate most of the soluble

oxalates by preliminary boiling of the vegetable for 15 minutes and rejecting the

water extracts.The contents of oxalate is the highest in immature plants and it

varies with rainfall and probably with the soil and other environmental factors.

The roots have catheric and irritant properties are used as an

abortificant,though the extract of roots showed little orno action on the isolated

uterus.They are also used for the obstruction of the liver,asthma,and

amenorrhoea.The leaves are diuretic and used in oedema and dropsy and in

ascites.A decoction of the herb is used as a vermifuse and is useful in

Rheumatism.It is also an antidote to alcoholic poison.Ethanol extracts of the plant

has shown some effect on blood pressure of guinea pigs and also on their

ileum.The drug plant is medicinally in various ailments.

An extracts of the whole plant is toxic to American cockroach when injected

into the blood streams.The seeds are found to be harmful contaminous in food

grains and other agricultural seeds.

The plant is potential source of organic matter to the soil.Herbs also

contains large amount of potassium nitrate other minerals as indicated and

considered from medicinal point of view.

Parts used :Whole plant

Dose :Juice 5-10ml.

A Compandium of Medicinal Plant of Nepal

Family :Nyctaginaceae

Latin name :boerhavia diffusa Linn.

Nepali name :Punarnava,laal punarnava,saano paate.

English name :Hogweed,patagon

Distribution :Tropical and subtropical regions of the old World.

Dist.N :WCE,Tropical,subtropical

Description:

Diffusely perineal branched herb.leaves thick,1.2-3.7cm,ovate,oblong.lowers

minute,sub-captate,in axillary and terminal panicles.

Parts used : whole plant

Application :Powder,decoction,juice,poultice

Use:

Plant is stomachic,diuretic,diaphrotic,expectorant,antipyretic,and cardiotonic.it

stimulates the function of heart and kidney and is specific for

jaundice,diabetes,general debility and oedema.it is used in prolapse ani,and fistula

ani,dysentery,otitis,media.Roots is useful in restoration of vitality in man.It is

antidote to snake venom.Leavesare used in opthalmia.and in eye

wounds,dropsy,gonorrhea,to hasten delivery.leaf paste is taken orally to check

bleeding after delivery.flowers and seeds are contraceptive.Plant is very useful

drug for all types of

inflammation,strangury,leucorrhoea,opthalmia,lumbago,myalasia,scabies,cariac

disorders,jaundice,nephritic syndrome.It is effective in case of oedema and ascitis

resulting from early cirrhosis of the liver and chronic peritonitis.it is also useful in

abdominal tumours and cancers.

Ayurvedic Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinal

Plant,By V.M.Gogte

Gana:Vayasthapana,kasahara,svadopag,anuvananopag;Vidarigandhadi

Kula:Punarnava kula

Family:Nyctaginaceae,flowers open at 4 o’ clock in evening and fall of at the

break of day.

Latin name:Boerhavia diffusa Linn.(diffusa=which spreads or widely

spreading).its root are found spread on the ground spanning on area af about 4-

5mtr.

English name:Spreading hogweed

Sanskrit name:(white punarnava-vishakh,kshudrapatra,raktavrintaka),(rakta

punarnava-raktapuspika,sophagni,piksvara,vishaghni,praavrisenya,sarini),(blue-

Neela,shyama,Krishna).

Botanical description:perennial creeper 0.75-1 m in length,sometimes grow upto

4m in rainy seasons and dries in summer.leaves 2.5-4cm long,fleshy,with soft

hairs,at distance and whitish ventrally.Flowers-small,white colored.fruits-1cm

long,round or circular,containing seeds like cow’s beans.Root-thick,twisted on

drying.leaves arises on opposite sides are unequal in size.

Varieties:Two(brown and white).Brown variety is longer then white and is easily

available.Blue variety is mentioned in Rajnighantu.

Habbitat:All over India.

Properties:

Guna:katu; Vipaka:katu; Veerya:sheeta

Karma:Tridoshahar,pittaghna,and astringent,kapha-vata saamaka ,Red variety is

vatavardhaka and pittasamaka and pittasamaka by sheeta virya.

External uses:Lekhana or anti-inflamatory.

Internal uses:

Digestive system:Deepan,anuloman,purgative but emetic in large dose.

Circulatory system:cardiac tonic,increases blood,accelerates heart rate and acts as

an hypertensive.

Respiratory system:cures cough,antianaemic(punarnava mandur ids used in

anaemia)

Reproductive system:Seeds are aphrodisiac.

Urinary system:diuretic by increasing renal blood flow

Skin:Diaphrotic and useful in skin diseases

Temperature:Antipyretic

Satmikarana:Rasayan and antidote

Karma

Dosha:Tridodhaghna,kaphaghna

External use:punarnava s used in local appcation in the form of poultice or

fomentation in oedema.The juice of its leaves is used in the eyes for tropical

application

Internal use:

Digestive system:It is given internally in agnimaandya,toxicity,ascitis,and

constipation .A dose of 3gm is used to induce vomiting.

Circulatory system:Useful in heart diseases,anaemia,oedema.Leaves vegetable is

consumed to reduce oedema.

Respiratory system:useful in cough,asthma and urahksheta

Reproductive system:Menorrhagia(root decoction of red variety is used).seeds are

aphrodisiac

Eye diseases:Cataract,chronic conjunctivitis,blepharitis(rots rubbed in honey is

locally applied)

Urinary system:Act as a diuretic in dysurea

Skin:Useful in reducing swelling and foul smelling in skin disorders

Temterature:Antipyretic,esp. in Quaternary fever

Satmikarana:As a rasayan therapy in general debility.antidote to snake poison and

rat bite.

Parts used:Roots,seed,leaves,whole plant

Dosage:Decoction of root(5-10ml),powdered seeds(1-2gm),juice of whole plant(5-

10ml).

Formulation:Punarnavastak,punarnavasav,punarnavambu,punarnavadi mandur.

Srotogamitva:

Dosha:Vatakaphagna(red variety increases vata)

Dhatu:Rakta-meda(anaemia),raktauseful in bleeding disorders and

urahkshat),jaundice.

Mala:Mutragami

Organs:Heart, respiratory tract(hogweed vegetable mainly used to reduce

oedema).Sothaghni is the synonym for both the varieties.

Scientific Classification of plant

Kingdom :Plantae

(Unranked) :Angiosperm

(Unranked) :Eudicots

(Unranked) :Core eudicots

Order :Caryophyllales

Family :Nictaginaceae

Genus :Boerhavia

Species :Diffusa

Medicinal Use

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Antidote; Diuretic; Emetic; Expectorant; Laxative; Stomachic. The roots are diuretic, emetic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic.They are used in the treatment of asthma, oedema, anaemia, jaundice, ascites, anasarca, scanty urine and internal inflammation. They are also said to be an antidote to snake poisoning. An alkaloid in the roots has been shown experimentally to produce a distinct and persistent rise in blood pressure plus marked dieresis.

Phytochemitry of Punarnava Medicinal plants contributes an important group of non-wood forest products. Large number of the world population uses plants as a source of medicine as Home-Remedy for curative purpose on most of the Health Illness. India has been

one of the leading country in the development and practice of indigenous systems of medicine, particularly Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. The pharmacological potential of Punarnava is mentioned in books like Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrita Samhita. Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava) is one of the most famous medicinal plants in the treatment of a large number of human ailments. This paper explains the evidence based information on the detail Morphology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological activity of this plant. In most instants leaf, stem and root extracts has been used to study various activities of the drug. It has many ethno botanical uses (the leaves are used as vegetable, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic; the root juice is used to cure asthma, urinary disorders, leucorrhea, rheumatism, and encephalitis, immunomodulation, heapatoprotective), and many pharmacological potential of drug has been evaluated.

Floral formula:Br,Ebrl,О,¤,P5,A2-3,G(_1).

Floral Diagram:

Conclusion

From the above review we can conclude that the plant

value due to their variety of chemical constituents can be further

investigated on toxicological and other parameters to obtain a

valuable marketed product. Punarnava is found to to be very effective in

treatment of sotha,pandu,urinary disorders like mutrakrichhrata and mutraghat.

Apart from that the chemical constituents, who were found effective can also be

synthetically prepared for better yield and obtain a pharmacophore which may

be useful for drug .

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