Simulations Working Group
Presenters • Pacific Engineering (Silva) • Regional Academy of Natural Science
(Bykovstev) • San Diego State/ETH (Olsen) • UCSB (Archuleta) • URS (Somerville) • USGS (Zeng*)
Simulation Validation Validation There are seven earthquakes that will be used in the validation. Listed in order to perform the validation study: 2005 Riviere du Loup 1988 Saguenay 2000 Tottori 1994 Northridge 1989 Loma Prieta 1979 Imperial Valley 1999 Chi Chi For each earthquake the fixed parameters and the station locations are given.
The validation has several elements. The first is to determine a faulting model that has minimum bias and standard deviation of the spectral acceleration response spectrum (5% damped) at periods of 10 s, 7.5 s, 5.0 s, 4.0 s, 3.0 s, 2.0 s, 1.5 s, 1.0 s, 0.5 s, 0.3 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s and 0.05 s. The passband of the data may not allow comparisons at 10 s and 7.5 s.
Simulation Parameters L: Rupture length. W: Rupture width. hTop: Vertical Depth to top of rupture plane. hypoStrike: Horizontal distance along strike from top center of rupture plane to the hypocenter, in local rupture plane coordinates. hypoDip: Vertical distance along dip from top center of rupture plane to the hypocenter, in local rupture plane coordinates. hypoLat: Latitude coordinate of hypocenter. hypoLon: Longitude coordinate of hypocenter. hypoDep: Vertical depth of hypocenter. M0: Seismic moment.
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Saguenay (Mw 5.8) Parameter Value rupL [m] 10000 ddW [m] 9900 hTop [m] 22000 hypoStrike [m] 520
hypoDip [m] 4413.5116
76 hypoLat [deg] 48.12 hypoLon [deg] -71.18 hypo [m] 26000 M0 [N-m] 5.85E+17 strike [deg] 320 dip [deg] 65 rake [deg] 78
Thickness [km] Vp [km/s] Vs [km/s] d[kg/dm^3] Qp Qs 1.44 4.5 2.6 2.3 500 250
6 5.5 3.4 2.5 1000 500 12 6.1 3.5 2.67 4000 2000 14 6.6 3.7 2.85 4000 2000 10 7 4 3.02 4000 2000 0 8.2 4.7 3.335 4000 2000
Stations
Longitude [deg]
Latitude [deg]
Vs30 (Wald & Allen, 2007) [m/s]
BSPQ -70.5057 47.4418 566.365 CHIQ -71.0123 48.4902 656.306 LMBQ -70.1527 47.6553 760 LMQ -70.3267 47.5483 467.178 QCQ -71.2760 46.7791 749.979
ROUQ -69.9966 47.4753 760 SANQ -71.9917 48.3248 760 SFA -70.8266 47.1244 500.744
SLBQ -70.0160 46.7418 760 STPQ -69.8045 47.4257 585.009 TADQ -69.7189 48.1432 760
Tottori (Mw 6.7) Parameter Value rupL [m] 40000 ddW [m] 20000 hTop [m] 500 hypoStrike [m] 0 hypoDip [m] 12000 hypoLat [deg] 133.35 hypoLon [deg] 35.275 hypo [m] 12500 M0 [N-m] 1.70E+19 strike [deg] 150 dip [deg] 90 rake [deg] 180
Thickness [km] Vp [km/s] Vs [km/s]
d[kg/dm^3] Qp Qs
2 5.5 3.179 2600 500 200 14 6.05 3.497 2700 500 200 12 6.6 3.815 2800 500 200 0 8.03 4.624 3100 500 200
Stations Longitude [deg] Latitude [deg] Vs30 (PEER) [m/s] OKY004 133.5018 34.9579 475.8 OKY005 133.7317 35.0098 293.4 OKY007 133.6121 34.7807 337.9 OKY008 133.9036 34.8701 450.6 OKY009 134.0923 34.9176 371.6 OKY014 133.7876 34.4462 362.2 OKY015 133.9256 35.2793 312.7 OKYH07 133.3169 35.0493 940.2 OKYH08 133.4055 34.9103 694.2 OKYH09 133.6765 35.1809 518.9 OKYH14 133.6205 34.9363 659.6 SMN002 133.0682 35.4714 138.8 SMN003 133.0929 35.1795 344 SMN004 132.9004 35.2881 281.4 SMN015 133.1704 35.3644 616.5 SMNH01 133.2604 35.2963 446.3 SMNH02 133.0856 35.2235 502.7 SMNH10 133.3031 35.5547 424.8 SMNH11 132.8033 35.4228 424.8 TTR005 133.8253 35.429 169.2 TTR006 133.6303 35.5106 352.7 TTR007 133.4902 35.2794 469.8 TTR008 133.3327 35.4227 139.2 TTR009 133.3113 35.1708 420.2 TTRH04 133.6307 35.4668 424.8
Rivière-du-Loup (Mw 4.6)
−70.5 −70.4 −70.3 −70.2 −70.1 −70 −69.9 −69.8 −69.747.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6
47.7
47.8
47.9
48
A11
A54
A61
A64
LMQ
10 km
Riviere du Loup
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
Epicenter
! Parameter Value hypoLat [deg] 47.75 hypoLon [deg] -69.73 hypo [m] 13000 M0 [N-m] 9.02E+15 strike [deg] 170 dip [deg] 60 rake [deg] 80
Saguenay (Mw 5.8)
−72 −71.5 −71 −70.5 −70 −69.546.6
46.8
47
47.2
47.4
47.6
47.8
48
48.2
48.4
48.6
BSPQ
CHIQ
LMBQ
LMQ
QCQ
ROUQ
SANQ
SFA
SLBQ
STPQ
TADQ
30 km
Saguenay
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!
Distance Along Strike (km)
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
(km
)
Saguenay
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−9
−8
−7
−6
−5
−4
−3
−2
−1
Fina
l Slip
(cm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
!
Tottori (Mw 6.7)
132.8 133 133.2 133.4 133.6 133.8 13434.8
34.9
35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
OKY004
OKY005
OKY015
OKYH07
OKYH08
OKYH09
OKYH14
SMN002
SMN003
SMN004
SMN015
SMNH01
SMNH02
SMNH10
SMNH11 TTR005
TTR006
TTR007
TTR008
TTR009
TTRH04
30 km
Tottori
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!
Distance Along Strike (km)
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
(km
)
Tottori
−20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20−20
−18
−16
−14
−12
−10
−8
−6
−4
−2
Fina
l Slip
(cm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
!
Northridge (Mw 6.7)
−118.9 −118.8 −118.7 −118.6 −118.5 −118.4 −118.3 −118.2 −118.134
34.05
34.1
34.15
34.2
34.25
34.3
34.35
34.4
34.45
34.5
BALD
CNPK
ECC
GRIF
HSBF
JENG
KAGC
LAWL
NEWH
NHCC
NORD
NWHP
PACD
PARD
RRS
RSE
SATI
SCRS
SMCH
SPVASSUS
SVSC
SYLM
TMPLTPFS
UCLG
VERM
VNUY
WADS
WOOD
10 km
Northridge
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!Distance Along Strike (km)
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
(km
)
Northridge
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8
−20
−15
−10
−5
Fina
l Slip
(cm
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
!
Loma Prieta (Mw 7.0)
−122.5 −122 −121.5 −12136.2
36.4
36.6
36.8
37
37.2
37.4
37.6
COR
CAPUCS
GGC
SAR
ADLADDCLD
HVL
SAG
SAL
MCH
WFS
FMS
20 km
Loma Prieta
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!
Distance Along Strike (km)
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
(km
)
Loma Prieta
−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15
−14
−12
−10
−8
−6
−4
−2
Fina
l Slip
(cm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
!
Imperial Valley (Mw 6.6)
−115.9 −115.8 −115.7 −115.6 −115.5 −115.4 −115.332.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33
33.1
33.2
33.3
Mexicali
Agrarias
BondsCorner
Brawley
Calexico
Calipatria
Meloland
ECA1
ECA10
ECA11
ECA12ECA13
ECA2ECA3
ECA4ECA5ECA6ECA7
ECA8ECDA
Holtville
Parachute
Plaster
SAHOP
Superstition
Westmorland
10 km
Imperial Valley
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!
Distance Along Strike (km)
Dis
tanc
e D
own
Dip
(km
)
Imperial Valley
−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15
−12
−10
−8
−6
−4
−2
Fina
l Slip
(cm
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
!
Chi Chi (Mw 7.6)
120.5 120.6 120.7 120.8 120.9 121 121.1 121.2 121.323.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
24
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
Fault 2
Fault 1
Fault 3
30 km
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
Chi−Chi
Fina
l Slip
(cm
)
0
500
1000
1500
!
Bias, Confidence, Stdev
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Bias as a Function of Distance, T=1.0 s
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PGV as a Function of Distance
!1#2$#%&'()*+,-$.+/+0%$
101100
101
102
PGV
for F
ault
Para
llel (
cm/s
)
Observed DataSynthetic Data
101100
101
102
Epicentral Distance (km)
PGV
for F
ault
Norm
al (c
m/s
)
Observed DataSynthetic Data
132.8 133 133.2 133.4 133.6 133.8 13434.8
34.9
35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
OKY004
OKY005
OKY015
OKYH07
OKYH08
OKYH09
OKYH14
SMN002
SMN003
SMN004
SMN015
SMNH01
SMNH02
SMNH10
SMNH11 TTR005
TTR006
TTR007
TTR008
TTR009
TTRH04
30 km
Tottori
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!132.8 133 133.2 133.4 133.6 133.8 134
34.8
34.9
35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
OKY004
OKY005
OKY015
OKYH07
OKYH08
OKYH09
OKYH14
SMN002
SMN003
SMN004
SMN015
SMNH01
SMNH02
SMNH10
SMNH11 TTR005
TTR006
TTR007
TTR008
TTR009
TTRH04
30 km
Tottori
Lon (deg)
Lat (
deg)
EpicenterUpper fault trace
!
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50−6
−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8
Velo
city
(cm
/s)
Observed Data, Fault Normal SMN003
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
Time (s)
Velo
city
(cm
/s)
Synthetic Data, Fault Normal SMN003
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50−15
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
Velo
city
(cm
/s)
Observed Data, Fault Parallel SMN003
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (s)
Velo
city
(cm
/s)
Synthetic Data, Fault Parallel SMN003
Data and Synthetics$
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