1
sergo dumbaZe, nikoloz dumbaZe
dauviwyari pedagogiskender bajeliZis cxovreba da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba
gamomcemloba
`baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~
baTumi _ 2017
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UDC(uak) 371.12.011.31-051(479.22)
d-901
wigni eZRvneba skender bajeliZis dabadebidan 95 wlisTavs
naSromSi gaSuqebulia qobuleTis raionis sofel xucubnis
mkvidris, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis, meore msoflio
omisa da Sromis veteranis skender bajeliZis cxovreba da ped-
agogiuri moRvaweoba.
aqve mokled daxasiaTebulia xucubnis istoria, misi demo-
grafiuli suraTi, gamoTqmulia avtorTa mosazreba bajeliZis
gvaris warmomavlobis, etimologiisa da gavrcelebis geografi-
is Sesaxeb.
wigni gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis, pirvel
rigSi, mSoblebisa da SvilebisTvis, maswavleblebisa da mos-
wavleebisTvis.
naSromi momzadda aWaris Rvawlmosil muSakTa pativmigebisa
da madlierebis sazogadoebis, iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis
saqarTelos pedagogTa sazogadoebis aWaris respublikuri or-
ganizaciisa da daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazogadoeba `moamag-
is~ egidiT.
redaqtori: nodar basilaZepedagogikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori
recenzentebi: 1. Temur gogmaCaZebiologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori
2. akaki zoiZepedagogikis doqtori, profesori
ISBN 978-9941-462-43-6© `baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~ _ 2017
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skender bajeliZeaWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli,
omisa da Sromis veterani(1921-2005)
4
winasityvaoba
gonieri kaci igive wignia.ilia
adamianis pirovnebad Camoyalibebaze, sazogadoeba-
Si Rirseuli adgilis damkvidrebasa Tu, saerTod, mis
warmatebebze mravali faqtori moqmedebs. maT Soris
gansakuTrebiT gamovyofdiT ors: pirveli _ mSoblebi,
ojaxi, meore _ maswavlebeli, skola. es ori faqtori,
Tavad aRzrdis subieqtTan erTad, yovelTvis moqme-
debs. funqciuri datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT, maTi roli
metnaklebad gansxvavebulia. maswavleblis, skolis ro-
li, maTi mizani da amocanebi vigrZeniT gasuli sauku-
nis Sua xanebSi, roca swavla daviwyeT skolaSi. es iyo
didi samamulo omisa da omis Semdgomi periodi, 1945-
1956 wlebi. qveyana miyenebul Wrilobebs iSuSebda,
dangreuls aRadgenda. faSizmze gamarjvebuli xalxi
mSvidobiani momavlis imediT cxovrobda da Sromobda,
itanda aTas gaWirvebas, sjeroda xvalindeli dRisa.
uWirda skolasac, magram mas far-xmali ar dauy-
ria, grZnobda did saxelmwifoebriv, sazogadoebriv da
zneobriv movaleobas erisa da qveynis winaSe; energiis
dauzogavad, uSurvelad da erTgulad emsaxureboda
qveyanas, sazogadoebas; samSoblos uzrdida Rirseul
Taobebs, romelTac unda gaegrZelebinaT mama-papaTa
`saqmeni sagmironi~.
skolebi funqcionirebda, maswavleblebi muxl-
Cauxrelad muSaobdnen, magram, qveynis mZime mdgomareo-
bis gamo, maT akldaT saTanado materialur-teqnikuri
baza, informaciis teqnikuri saSualebebi, saxelmZRva-
neloebi, saswavlo nivTebi. teqnikuri da sakomunikacio
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saSualebebi mwiri iyo, an Tu iyo, isic centrebSi. pe-
riferiebSi, miT ufro mTian soflebSi, iSviaToba iyo.
igi funqcionirebda raionul, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi,
sasoflo sabWoebis administraciul centrebSi. im xa-
nebSi es did miRwevad iTvleboda. analogiuri suraTi
iyo radiomomsaxurebaSic. zamTris pirobebSi, didTov-
lobis dros, mwyobridan gamodioda satelefono Tu
radioxazebi. maTi aRdgena ki, didi Tovlisa da ug-
zoobis gamo, Wianurdeboda. satransporto saSualebe-
bis ararsebobis gamo, raionuli centridan soflebSi
fostas ezidebodnen zurgiT, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi,
cxeniT da bevrjer didi dagvianebiT. erTi sityviT,
informaciis gavrcelebis intensiuri iseTi saSuale-
bebi, rogoric dResaa (televizori, kompiuteri, mo-
biluri telefoni da a.S.) imxanad ar iyo.
maSin CvenTvis, axalgazrdebisTvis, yovelgvari in-
formaciis saSualeba iyo skola, maswavlebeli. maswav-
leblis sityva iyo pirveli wyaro, misi pirveli maga-
liTi _ zneobrivi gakveTili. amitomac gviyvarda, gvje-
roda da vusmendiT mas. maswavleblis sityva CvenTvis
iyo kanoni. poeti amas mxatvrul ferebSi didebulad
gamoTqvams:
`maswavlebeli _ gza samermiso,maswavlebeli _ imedis xidi,maswavlebeli _ sinaTlis dedaqveynad megzuri yvelaze didi.~
qarTveli klasikosi poetis, ioseb noneSvilis
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `qveynad beladic ara yofila,
maswavlebeli rom ara hyoloda~. amitomac, migvaCnia,
rom mSoblebis Semdeg, cxovrebaSi yvelaze didi fig-
ura maswavlebeli, pedagogia, misgan boZebuli margali-
tebiT daSTenilni arian Taobebi. codnis, swavla-ga-
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naTlebis CiraRdani maswavlebelia. igi cxovrebis gan-
viTarebis yvela etapze sazogadoebaSi monumenturi
figuraa.
Cveni Taobis valia, kargad gvaxsovdes da arasd-
ros daviviwyoT Cveni maswavleblis, ostatis Rvawli
da amagi, Cvenze zrunvaSi TeTrad gaTenebuli Rameebi,
davafasoT maTi Sroma, daxarjuli energia. ra Tqma un-
da, am Sromasa da energias fuliT ver gadavuxdiT, Tu
Cven bolomde gavyvebiT maT rCeva-darigebebs, gavyvebiT
maT naTel kvals, cxovrebaSi davikavebT Rirseul ad-
gils, keTilsindisierad movemsaxurebiT qveyanas, sam-
Soblos, sazogadoebas, maSin anazRaurdeba ara marto
mSoblebis, aramed aRmzrdel maswavlebelTa Sromac
da energiac. mxolod maSin viqnebiT Cven, moswavleebi,
mSoblebisa da maswavleblebis winaSe da qveynis wina-
Sec valmoxdilni. magram, Cveni azriT, esec ar aris
sakmarisi. sazogadoebaSi Rirseuli adgilis dakave-
basTan erTad, Cven ar unda dagvaviwydes maswavlebel-
Ta keTili saqmeebi da naTeli saxelebi.
zepiri gadacemebiT Tu werilobiTi formiT maTi
wminda saxelebi unda SemovunaxoT da gadavceT moma-
val Taobebs, rogorc orientiri maTTvis rTuli cxov-
rebis labirinTebSi gzis gakvalvisTvis.
Wkvian kacs uTqvams, Cveni valia, axal Taobebs
sawvrTnelad gadavceT winaparTa memkvidreoba, rameTu
maT piruTvneli sidiade ara marto saamayo sazomia
Cveni erovnuli donisa, xolo naRvawi bazisia imisa,
rac Tu Cvenamde dRemde mosula, aramed magaliTi, Tu
rogor Tavdauzogavad emsaxuro qveyanas, rom SeZlo
ganamtkico, ganavrco balavari, romelzec unda daaSe-
no misi momavali da sapatio adgili daikavo istoria-
Si.
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es sityvebi exeba yvela Cvens did winapars da maT
Soris maswavlebels, romlis Tavdadebuli Sromis ma-
galiTis gareSe aravin izrdeba, arc erTi dargis
WeSmariti specialisti ar yalibdeba. maSasadame, wina-
parTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze Rvawlmosili pirovne-
baa maswavlebeli, romlis dafaseba Cveni momavali
Taobebis valia. es imis momaswavebeli iqneba, rom
maswavlebelTa Sromas ukvalod ar Cauvlia, gaweul
jafas Sedegi gamouRia. kidev erTxel mtkicdeba WeSma-
riteba, rom `rasac dasTes, masve moimki~, rom `awmyo,
Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavlisa~, an
kidev `warsuli saZirkvelia namyosi, rogorc awmyo
momavlisa.~
migvaCnia, rom es cxovrebis aqsiomuri WeSmaritebaa
da Cven misi erTguli da mona-morCili gaxlavarT. ar-
amcTu zepirad, aramed SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis erT-
erTi mizani da mimarTuleba CvenTvis aris maswavleb-
lebis mier gaweuli amagis ardaviwyeba, SeZlebisdag-
varad dafaseba. araerTi sagazeTo werili, saJurnalo
statia Tu calke monografia mivuZRveniT sazogadoe-
bis monumentur figurebs _ maswavleblebs. aRvniSnavT
maT dabadebis dReebs oficialurad, drodadro viw-
vevT stumrad, an vstumrobT maTTan, vamxnevebT, sapasu-
xod gamovxatavT im siTbosa da yuradRebas, ris Sede-
gad Cven davfrTiandiT da Rirseuli adgili davikaveT
cxovrebaSi. Rvawlis aRniSvna adamians sicocxles Tu
ver uxangrZlivebs, uxalisebs ki...
winamdebare naSroms vuZRvniT Cven sayvarel maswav-
lebelTa Soris erT-erT gamorCeuls, xulos raionis
xixaZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis gamges
(1954-1959 ww.), aWaris damsaxurebul maswavlebels,
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Sromisa da omis veterans, xucubnel skender xuseinis
Ze bajeliZes, amasTan, vasrulebT mis `anderZs~.
marTalia, igi dRes Cvens Soris ar aris, valmox-
dili wavida da ganisvenebs mSobliur xucubanSi, ba-
jeliZeTa sagvarulo sasaflaoze, magram CvenTan darCa
misi saamayo saxeli da sanaqebo saqme... es wigni mogiT-
xrobT mis saintereso, zogjer mZime, sabolood, warma-
tebul cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze.
madlobas movaxsenebT mis ojaxs, Svilebs, Zmasa da
Zmebis Svilebs, sanaTesao wres, mezoblebs _ yvelas,
vinc mxarSi gvedga am naSromis Sesaqmnelad.
Tavs bednierad CavTvliT da mizans miRweulad, Tu
dainteresebuli mkiTxveli winamdebare naSroms ise
miiRebs da Seafasebs, rogorc am Znel gzaze maswav-
lebel-moswavlis urTierTobaSi sifrTxiliT gadadg-
mul erT patara, magram saWiro da aucilebel nabijs.
9
p i r v e l i g a n y o f i l e b a
geografiul-socialuri garemo,gvaris genealogia da etimologia
sadac vSobilvar, gavzrdilvar da misrolia isari,sad mama-papa megulvis, imaTi kubos ficari,
sadac siyrmiTve vCveulvar, Cemi samSoblo is ari.rafiel erisTavi
$1. misi savane
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis SavizRvispireTi
cnobilia, rogorc kolxeTis dablobis subtropikuli
zona. Caisa da citrusis uxvmosavliani plantaciebiT
ganTqmuli qobuleTis raioni Tavisi mravalferovani
infrastruqturiTa da klimaturi pirobebiT
qobuleTis raioni
10
aRiarebulia zRvispira kurortad da cnobilia mTels
qveyanaSi, da ara marto aq.
samwuxarod, dRes am unikaluri dargebis planta-
ciebi mwyobridan gamosulia, tyeebad da ekal-bardebad
gadaqceulia. albaT, es drois bralia, gardamaval pe-
riods axlavs aseTi siurprizebi. darwmunebuli varT,
male dadgeba dro, roca meurneobis es dargebi, sa-
kurorto da turistuli sferoebis ganviTarebis par-
alelurad, kvlav aRorZindeba da mosaxleobis materi-
aluri uzrunvelyofis wyaro gaxdeba. amis naTeli
gamoxatulebaa, rom ukve daiwyo da xorcieldeba aRm-
Seneblobis grandiozuli programebi saqarTveloSi,
maT Soris, aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi da, ker-
Zod, qobuleTis raionSi.
xucubnis Temi
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maradmwvane qobuleTis raionis soflebs Soris
erT-erTi gamorCeulia xucubani, romelic Savi zRvis
sanapirodan, kerZod, q. qobuleTidan ori km-Taa daSo-
rebuli. igi qobuleTis dablobis gagrZelebaze, kint-
riSis xeobaSi, mdinaris orive mxareze gaSenebuli da
raionis erT-erTi didi, ulamazesi da Tvalwarmtaci
sofelia, romlis teritoria aRwevs sofel qobuleTam-
de. maSasadame, xucubani or qobuleTs Soris mdebare-
obs: aRmosavleTidan sofeli qobuleTi esazRvreba, da-
savleTidan _ qalaqi qobuleTi, CrdiloeTidan _ sofe-
li gvara, samxreTidan _ sofeli kvirike. xucubnis te-
ritoria 14000 kvm, mosaxleoba Seadgens 1655 komls 6350
mcxovrebiT, maT Soris 55 ojaxi bajeliZeTa gvarisaa.
sofeli xucubani saxelganTqmuli iyo ara marto
mosaxleobis SromiTi warmatebebiT, aramed Tavisi is-
toriuli warsuliTac.
rogorc zemoT iTqva, xucubnis teritoria istori-
uli kolxeTis Semadgeneli zRvispira nawilia. igi Zv.
welTaRricxvis II aTaswleulis dasasruls Camoyal-
ibda. didi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad moZiebu-
li nivTieri masalebis analizidan irkveva, rom Savi-
zRvispireTi, maT Soris qobuleTi, civilizaciis mniS-
vnelovani da saintereso arealia. istoriuli wyaroe-
biT, mecnierTa kvleva-ZiebiT, gansakuTrebiT, arqeolo-
giuri gaTxrebiT dgindeba, rom xelsayreli geogra-
fiuli da bunebrivi pirobebis gamo, kolxeTis samefos
periodSi xucubani dasaxlebuli yofila da adgilob-
rivi mosaxleoba flobda liTonis damuSavebis xer-
xebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT cnobebs gvawvdian Zveli aR-
mosavleTisa da antikuri xanis berZeni mwerlebi.
xucubanma cnobil mecnierTa da sazogado moRva-
weTa gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro me-19 saukunis
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80-iani wlebidan. aq kvleva-Zieba CautarebiaT eqvTime
TayaiSvils, grigol guriels, frang mecnier-arqeolog
Jan muries.
xucubnis intensiuri Seswavla daiwyo XX saukunis
20-iani, kidev ufro intensiurad ki 40-iani wlebidan,
kerZod, 1944 wels, roca jer kidev germania-sabWoTa
kavSiris omi damTavrebuli ar iyo. aq istorikos av-
Tandil ioselianis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarda arqe-
ologiuri gaTxrebi. napovni masalebiT gakeTda daskvna
imis Sesaxeb, rom kintriSis xeobis, kerZod, xucubnis
mkvidrni, im dros brinjaodan rkinis warmoebaze gar-
damaval periodSi imyofebodnen, rom rkina TandaTano-
biT cvlida brinjaos iaraRs.1
1 av. ioseliani, narkvevebi kolxeTis istoriidan, Tb., 1973.
xucubnis erT-erTi ubani
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xucubnis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis me-18
saukunis gamoCenili mecnieri, geografi da istorikosi
vaxuSti batoniSvili.1 aq mdebareobda da moqmedebda
mTel xeobaSi ganTqmuli eklesia TeTrosani,2 romelic
qristianuli saeklesio kulturis centri iyo.
xucubnis teritoriaze napovni mravalferovani
arqeologiuri masalebiT dainteresda akademikosi niko
berZeniSvili. man xucubnis veli Seadara `gadaSlil
wigns, romelSic Cvens winaprebs Tavis Tavgadasavali
cxovlad CauweriaT~.3
cnobilia, rom mTeli saqarTvelo, maT Soris, aWa-
ra, ganicdida ucxo dampyrobTa gamudmebul Semosevebs.
am mxriv arc xucubani iyo gamonaklisi. ruseT-Turqe-
Tis omebis dros da manamdec, es sofeli, rogorc
strategiulad mniSvnelovani ubani, gamoyenebuli iyo
mtris winaaRmdeg, Tu mtrebis mier misi dakavebis
Semdeg adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasapyrobad gaSli-
li brZolis placdarmad. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT cno-
bilia ruseT-TurqeTis 1877-1878 wlebis movlenebi.
xucubnis Sesaxeb mcire moculobis naSromi gamos-
ca istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorma, profesorma SoTa
jafariZem.4 masSi saubaria xucubnis istoriul war-
sulze, mosaxleobis SromiT miRwevebze, gasuli sauku-
nis 20-60-iani wlebSi. gansakuTrebiT warmoCenilia di-
di samamulo omisa da misi Semdgomi periodi, roca so-
fels Tavkacobda sabWoTa kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos
orgzis deputati, ordenosani vladimer bajeliZe.
1 vaxuSti bagrationi, aRwera samefoisa saqarTvelosi, Tb., 1997.2 r. surmaniZe, TeTrosani, gamomc. `alioni~, 2007.3 n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, VIII, Tb., 1990.4 S. jafariZe, ordenosani xucubani, gamomc. `sabWoTa aWara~,baT., 1969.
14
………
kintriSis xeobis, maT Soris, xucubnis, mecnieruli
Seswavla ufro warmatebuli da efeqturi gaxda 1958
wlidan _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mraval-
profiliani baTumis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
daarsebis Semdeg. mas saTaveSi Caudga qobuleTis
mkvidri, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti as-
lan inaiSvili, xolo misi gardacvalebis Semdeg _ sa-
qarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori daviT xa-
xutaiSvili _ cnobili istorikosi da ganTqmuli
arqeologi. institutis koleqtivma naxevarsaukunovani
istoriis manZilze didi muSaoba gaswia aWarisa da mi-
si mimdebare mxareebis istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnog-
rafiis, folkloris, dialeqtologiis, sociologiisa
xucubnis Temis administraciuli Senoba
15
da ekonomikis Sesaswavlad. am institutis koleqtivis
didi damsaxurebaa aWaraSi da gansakuTrebiT fiWvnarSi
grandiozuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Catareba (xel-
ZRvanelebi: d. xaxutaiSvili, a. kaxiZe). bolo wlebSi
fiWvnarSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT dainteresdnen uc-
xoeli mkvlevrebic _ ingliseli da germaneli arqe-
ologebi, romlebic, qarTvel mecnierebTan erTad,
kvlavac agrZeleben aq kvleva-Ziebas. maT erToblivad
gamosces araerTi naSromi.1 arafers vambobT qarTvel
mkvlevarTa mier gamocemul sxva naSromebze.
baTumis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis sameciero-
kvleviTi institutis daarsebiT ufro gafarTovda ma-
namde aWaraSi momuSave mecnier-mkvlevarebis (baTumis
pedagogiuri institutis profesor-maswavlebelTa da
aWaris saxelmwifo muzeumis (yofili direqtori x.
axvlediani) mecnier-muSakTa mier dawyebuli samxreT-
dasavleT saqarTvelos, kerZod, aWaris istoriis kvle-
va-Zieba. maTi damsaxurebaa isic, rom daiwera da gam-
oica samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkve-
vebi, aWara _ oTxtomeuli, romlis pirveli tomi (uZve-
lesi droidan ax. w. V saukunemde) gamoqveynda 2007
wels, meore tomi (V saukune _ 1877 weli) _ 2009 wels,
mesame tomi (baTumis olqi _ 1877-1920) _ 2008 wels da,
bolo, meoTxe tomi (1921-1990) _ 2012 wels.2
aRniSnul narkvevebSi mdidari da saintereso masa-
lebia Setanili. aWaris sxva regionebTan erTad, so-
fel xucubnis Sesaxeb dainteresebuli mkiTxveli bevr
unikalur masalas naxavs masSi.
1 kaxiZe amiran, vikersi maikl, fiWvnari 1 (kolxebi da berZnebiaRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi), baTumi-oqsfordi, 2004, gv. 15,(qarTul da inglisur enebze).2 samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, aWara,oTxtomeuli, 1, 2, 3, 4, baTumi, 2007, 2009, 2008, 2012.
16
sainteresoa am soflis saxelwodebis etimologia.
ibadeba kiTxva: vin uwoda mas es saxeli da rodis?
amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazre-
ba, zogjer urTierTgamomricxavic.
Cveni azriT, am toponimis axsna, pirvel rigSi, un-
da veZeboT TviT sofelSi, xucubnelTa Soris. mosax-
leobaSi SemorCenilia gadmocema am toponimTan dakav-
SirebiT. es gadmocema xucubnis saSualo skolis is-
toriis maswavlebels tite fxakaZesa da skolis direq-
tors eTer bajeliZes, soflis istoriis CanawerebSi
aqvT Setanili da inaxeba aRniSnuli Temis sakrebulo-
Si. am legendis mixedviT da xucubnis sakrebuloSi,
qobuleTis raionuli sakrebulos yofili rwmunebu-
sofel xucubnis Temis centri
17
lis, baton zurab bajeliZis gadmocemiT, am sofelSi
(dRevandel bajeliZeTa ubanSi) uZveles droSi auSe-
nebiaT eklesia, romelsac rqmevia wminda elias1 ekle-
sia. mRvdelmsaxuri yofila guriidan mosuli pirovne-
ba, gvarad naTiZe (saxeli ucnobia). es ori gvari dRe-
sac cxovrobs xucubanSi da isini iTvlebian ZirZvel
gvarebad.
wminda elias eklesiis2 midamoebSi cxovrobda mo-
saxleoba. maT Soris, bevri uxucesi, xandazmuli pi-
1 m. qamadaZe, toponimia, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriisnarkvevebi, aWara, 1, baT., 2007, gv. 63.2 wminda elias eklesia dangreul iqna ucxo tomTa Semosevebisdros, gansakuTrebiT ruseT-TurqeTis omis periodSi. darCeniliiyo misi nangrevebi. sofelma bolo wlebSi moindoma misi aRd-gena, magram finansuri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCndaT.
qveyanaSi keTil adamianebs ra gamolevs (RmerTma ufro gaam-ravlos maTi ricxvi, uTqvamT Cvens winaprebs). swored aseTiqvelmoqmedi aRmoCnda Tbiliseli qalbatoni meri sadraZe. isxSirad stumrobs xucubanSi bajeliZeTa ojaxs. roca dainaxa ameklesiis naSTebi _ nangrevebi, dainteresda eklesiis istoriiTda iTava misi aRdgena. sainteresoa, ram ukarnaxa mas es qvel-moqmedeba? ra motivacia hqonda am qalbatons? ra Tqma unda, Cve-
xucubnis (wm. elias)eklesia
18
rovneba yofila. amitom am dasaxlebas uxucesebis, mo-
xucebis, xucebis ubani, anu `xucubani~ uwodes. leg-
enda-gadmocemis mixedviT isic irkveva, rom `xuci~ ar
niSnavs `xucess~, anu dRevandeli gagebiT, mRvdelmsax-
urs (rogorc, magaliTad, iyo iakob xucesi). aq igu-
lisxmeba WkuasakiTxavi pirovneba, beri, moxuci (ara
religiuri datvirTviT, aramed saero SinaarsiT). leg-
enda rom terminis saero datvirTvis sasargeblod
metyvelebs, Semdegi gadmocemidan Cans: uxucesTa Soris
yofila erTi xuci, moxuci, mas hyolia sami vaJiSvili.
oTxiveni SesaniSnavi momRerlebi, mgaloblebi yofi-
lan. maT gareSe arc qorwili tardeboda da arc
glova sruldeboda, icodnen samxiarulo-saqorwilo
da samgloviaro-sazaro simRerebic. gansakuTrebiT kar-
gad asrulebdnen `xasanbeguras~. isini soflis erT-
erT lxinze miuwveviaT. mama _ xuci, Tavisi baniT (musi-
kaluri xmiT) ganTqmuli, SeuZlod yofila, ver wasula
da Svilebi gaugzavnia. maT iq bevri simRera Seusru-
lebiaT. bolos sazogadoebis TxovniT `xasanbegurac~
SemouZaxiaT, magram uxucoba (xucis _ mamis aryofna)
didad datyobia simReras, gansakuTrebiT uferulad
ni azriT, misma maRalma zneobam, siZvelisadmi pativiscemam,sarwmunoebisadmi erTgulebam, didbunebovnebam, keTilSobilebam,qarTveli patrioti mandilosnisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma sispeta-kem, wina da ufrosi Taobebis naSrom-najafisadmi siyvarulma,erTgulebam, pativiscemam da mimteveblurma xasiaTma. saqme isaa,rom misi Svili SemTxveviT Semoakvda viRac pirovnebas. dedam aridava da Seundo mkvlels Cadenili codva (rogor hgavs es `vef-xisa da moymis~ legendas!), ZaZebSi gaxveuli deda eklesiuri,mimtevebeli gaxda (aferum, Tqvens qalobas, rwmenas, didsulov-nebas, qalbatono meri). man naxa sponsori (magram vin, ar viciT.Cveni azriT, esec maT didsulovnebaze, keTilSobilebaze, maRalsulierebasa da erovnulobaze miuTiTebs) da ase, am gziT Zvelfesvebze aSenda axali da restavrirebul iqna eklesia, siZvelisSenarCunebiT.
19
moeCvenaT simReris bani. simReris mosmenis Semdeg vi-
Racas gulistkiviliT uTqvams: `haikidi, xucis banio~,
e.i. inatres mamis _ xucis (mo-xuc-is) bani.
cxadia, legenda SinaarsiT sainteresoa, magram is
ver xsnis etimologias. Tu Cven legendas davujerebT
da soflis saxelwodeba-kompozitSi meore nawils ban-ad miviCnevT, maSin avcdebiT WeSmaritebas. kompozitis
(xucubani) meore nawilia `ubani~ da ara `bani~. es ori
sityva bgeraTa SedgenilobiT (oTxi aso) erTnairia.
magram sxvadasxva datvirTva da Sinaarsi gaaCniaT. `ba-
ni~ musikaluri, xolo ubani _ zogadi geografiuli
saxelia. banis ubnad aRiareba Tu miCneva, Cveni azriT,
umarTebuloa. garda amisa, soflis saxeli gacilebiT
Zvelia, `xasanbeguras~ simRera ki Turqebis Semosevebis
istorias ukavSirdeba. maSasadame, qronologiuri faq-
toric `banis~ winaaRmdeg da `ubnis~ sasargeblod la-
parakobs.
amrigad, am legenda-gadmocemis mixedviT, `xucub-
nis~ etimologiuri axsna, anu misi `banTan~ dakavSire-
ba, gamoricxulia.
sofelSi Semonaxulia, agreTve, legenda-gadmocemis
sxva versiac. xucubnis erT-erTi mkvidris, xasan baje-
liZis (89 wlis asakSi gardaicvala) gadmocemiT, aq
araerTi eklesia arsebula. erT-erTi maTgani yofila
bajeliZeTa dasaxlebaSic. masSi xucebi (mRvdelmsaxu-
rebi) moRvaweobdnen. amitom soflis am ubans da Semdeg
mTel sofels daerqva `xucubani~ (xucebis ubani). am
SemTxvevaSi sityva `xucebi~, xuci saeklesio piria da
ara saero termini. toponimSi `xucebis ubani~ pirveli
gamoyenebulia mravlobiT ricxvSi sityva `xuc-eb-i~,
romlidanac amovarda mravlobiTobis (eb) da saxelobi-
Ti brunvis (i) niSnebi da darCa misi Ziri. `xuc~-i. mas
20
SeuerTda termini `ubani~ da miRebulia `xucubani~.
SeTanxmebuli msazRvrel-sazRvruli, sadac `xuc~ miRe-
bulia `xucebidan~, msazRvrelia `ubnisa~, rom igi xu-
cebs ekuTvnis da ara momRerlebs, `ubani~ ki sazRvru-
lia, gansazRvrulia geografiuli zogadi saxeli. maTi
SeerTeba moxda qarTuli gramatikis erToblivi kano-
nebis safuZvelze da miRebulia sityva `xucubani~.
xasan bajeliZis gadmocemas ramdenadme amyarebs
profesor zurab WumburiZis Tvalsazrisi, romelic man
gamoTqva Tavis naSromSi `ra gqvia Sen?~ mecnieri emya-
reba ara legendebsa da gadmocemebs, aramed mecnier-
mkvlevarTa mier qobuleTSi Catarebuli arqeologiuri
gaTxrebisas xucubanSi moZiebuli masalebis analizis
Sedegebs. is ambobs: `arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT irkveva,
rom am adgilas mosaxleoba yofila jer kidev Zv. wel-
TaRricxvis VII-V saukuneebSi (2500-2600 wlis win), roca
Cveni winaprebi brinjaodan rkinis warmoebaze gadadi-
odnen. TavisTavad cxadia, rom soflis saxeli ase Zve-
li ar SeiZleba iyos, magram igi arc mTlad axalia.
pirvelad iqneboda xucis-ubani, rac xucesis (mRvdelis,
an gvaris ufrosis, moxucis) ubans niSnavda. aqedan mi-
viReT xucubani.~1
folkloruli, gramatikuli da arqeologiuri ma-
salebis, mecnieruli mosazrebebis Sejerebis safuZvel-
ze, mivediT im daskvnamde, rom toponimi `xucubani~
Sedgeba ori sityvisagan (`xuc~ da `ubani~ da ara `ba-
ni~). maTi SeerTebiT miRebulia `xucubani~ (xucebis
ubani), Sinaarsobrivad dakavSirebulia eklesiasTan,
mRvdelmsaxurebasTan, xucebTan, umTavresad moiazreba
bajeliZeTa ubanSi arsebuli wminda elias eklesia.
prof. z. WumburiZe am mosazrebis paralelurad dasaS-
1 zurab WumburiZe, ra gqvia Sen? Tb., 1982, gv. 174.
21
vebad Tvlis, rom `xuci~ SeiZleba xucubansa da war-
marTuli Tu qristianobis droindeli periodis rwmena-
warmodgenebis gamomxatvel toponimTan (eliawminda,
mariamwminda) iyos dakavSirebuli.
elias cixesa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb saubaria fundamen-
tur naSromSi `samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istori-
is narkvevebi _ aWaras~ pirvel tomSi Setanil profe-
sor mixeil qamadaZis statiaSi `toponimia~1 (da ara
marto am statiaSi). narkvevebSi miTiTebulia qarTul
miTologiaSi cnobil lazares oreul eliaze, rome-
lic RmerTma cisa da Rrublebis winamZRvrad, setyvisa
da wvimis gamgeblad daadgina. misi mravali sakulto
adgilia saqarTveloSi, maT Soris aWaraSi. wminda
elias vinaoba aWaraSi daviwyebulia, Tumca Semonaxu-
lia qobuleTis raionSi, maT Soris xucubanSi. aqve
axsnilia toponimi `TeTrosani~, romelic soflebis
gvara-xucubnis sazRvarze, md. aWyvis napirasaa. `TeT-
rosani~ warmarTuli xanis toponimad miCneulia. igi
dakavSirebulia TeTri giorgis kultTan. am saxelis
Zireuli nawilia `TeTr~. -osan- sufiqsia, romelic
daerTvis arsebiT saxels, awarmoebs zedsarTav saxels
da aRniSnavs raimes mqoneblobas: mandil-osani, gvir-
gvin-osani, orden-osani.2 aseTive warmoebis toponimad
Tvlis TeTrosans prof. m. qamadaZe.3 amasTan dakavSi-
rebiT sainteresoa r. surmaniZis naSromi `TeTrosani~.4
profesori z. WumburiZe xucesad, gvaris ufrosa-
dac varaudobs. Cven misi mosazrebis pirvel varauds
mxars vuWerT, meore ki saeWvod gveCveneba, radganac
1 m. qamadaZe, toponimia, iqve, 63.2 b. jorbenaZe, g. kobaxiZe, n. mesxiZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisda modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, 1988, gv. 353;3 m. qamadaZe, iqve, gv. 63.4 r. surmaniZe, dasax. naSromi.
22
sofelSi Semonaxuli legenda-gadmocemis meore versi-
iT ivaraudeba xuc-i saeklesio pirad, rac angariSgasa-
wevia. aqedan gamomdinare sabolood xucubani unda mi-
viCnioT saeklesio terminad, anda, Tu `xucs~ gvaris
ufrosad davuSvebT, sabolood SeiZleba imis Tqmac,
rom gvaris ufrosi Tu eklesiis mRvdelmsaxuri erTi
da igive pirovneba unda yofiliyo.
sofel xucubans mZime warsuli hqonda. igi bevrjer
ucxoel moZaladeTa Semosevebisa da brZolebis as-
parezi gamxdara, amitom mosaxleoba duxWirad cxov-
robda. roca saqarTvelo da, maT Soris xucubani, ax-
ali cxovrebis mSeneblobas Seudga, suraTi ramdenadme
Seicvala. es sofeli daadga koleqtivizaciis gzas.
glexoba TandaTanobiT gaerTianda kolmeurneobaSi.
dainerga teqnika, gaixsna skolebi, kulturis centrebi,
momzadda adgilobrivi kadrebi. sofelma mokle droSi
Tavi daaRwia ekonomikur da kulturul CamorCenilo-
bas. ganviTarda soflis meurneobis iseTi dargebi,
rogoricaa: meCaieoba, mecitruseoba, mesaqonleoba da
sxv. sofelma saxe icvala, Zveli oda-saxlebi Seicvala
axali kapitaluri orsarTuliani SenobebiT. keTil-
moewyo soflis centri, gayvanil iqna gzebi, gaSenda
skverebi, aSenda kapitaluri saSualo skola, kultu-
ris saxli, klub-biblioTeka, sportuli moedani, bavSv-
Ta baga-baRi, kinodarbazi da sxva mravali.
soflis, ise rogorc mTeli qveynis, winsvla-ganvi-
Tareba Seaferxa germania-sabWoTa kavSiris 1941-1945
wlebis omma.
xucubnelebma Tavi gamoiCines faSizmis winaaRmdeg
Tavdadebul brZolebSi. xucubnidan bevri frotze wav-
ida faSisturi germaniis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.
maT Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT: aslan bajeliZe, mi-
23
xeil baJunaSvili, rifaT arTmelaZe, aleqsandre (ali)
bajeliZe, ali beriZe, skender bajeliZe, osman bajeli-
Ze, pirveli aWareli eqimi qali xurie mJavanaZe, sulei-
man xabazi, ilias TxilaiSvili, xasan bajeliZe, iusuf
TxilaiSvili, xusein bladaZe, suleiman gogitiZe, iu-
suf mowyobili, suleiman bajeliZe da sxvebi. isini
gamarjvebulebi daubrundnen mSobliur kuTxes da Se-
moqmedebiT mSvidobian SromaSi Caebnen.
hitlerul urdoebs Tavs risxvad daatydnen Zmebi
memed da axmed bajeliZeebi, rezo da nuri mowyobi-
lebi, dursun da zia TxilaiSvilebi, iusuf bajeliZe,
magram, vai, rom brZolis velze daecnen gmirTa sik-
vdiliT da ojaxebs ver daubrundnen. Crdilo kavkasiis
frontze daiRupa rifaT bajeliZe, TevraT xabazma ki,
romelic krasnodaris misadgomebTan icavda samSob-
los Tavisuflebas, ZmaTa saflaoze daimkvidra bina...
bevria Sinmousvleli, yvelas, wignis SezRuduli mocu-
lobis gamo, ver davasaxelebT. isini 55-mde arian. maT
saxelebs ojaxebi, naTesavebi, Tanasoflelebi saTuTad
inaxaven da yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixseneben. dRevan-
deli xucubnis warmatebebSi maTi dalocvili marjve-
nac urevia.
omis Semdeg, rogorc mTelma qveyanam, xucubanmac
moiSuSa Wrilobebi da sofelSi daiwyo meurneobis aR-
mavloba. omisSemdgom aTwledSi kolmeurneoba Cadga
milionerTa rigebSi. xucubnis kolmeurneobis saqvey-
nod aRiarebuli warmatebebi dakavSirebulia soflis
Tavkacis, soflis meurneobis sapatio muSakis, sakavSi-
ro umaRlesi sabWos orgzis deputatis _ baton vla-
dimer bajeliZis saxelTan (mis Sesaxeb vrclad qve-
moT).
24
ase TandaTanobiT gaizarda, gafarTovda da win
wavida xucubani, rogorc ekonomikurad da kultu-
rulad, ise demografiulad. ase, magaliTad, gasuli
saukunis 20-ian wlebSi xucubani (maSin gvarasTan iyo
gaerTianebuli) warmodgenili iyo 1500 komliT da 4500
macxovrebliT. sofeli Tavisi finansuri SesaZleblo-
bebiT gaxda milioneri1 kolmeurneoba. dRes ki, mrava-
li kataklizmebis gadatanis miuxedavad, sofeli Zalas
ikrebs da cxovreba normalur kalapotSi dgeba; marTa-
lia, bevria problemac, magram saqarTvelos xelisuf-
lebis mier soflis daxmarebis programis amoqmedebiT
seriozuli nabijebi idgmeba soflebSi da maT Soris
sofel xucubanSi, sadac dRes, rogorc zemoT iTqva,
cxovrobs 1655 komli 6350 mcxovrebiT, romelTa gankar-
gulebaSia 14 000 kvm miwis farTobi.2
am sofels umReroda saxelovani poeti, sulmnaTi
jemal qaTamaZe leqsiT `Cemi xucubani~. gTavazobT zo-
gierT adgils am leqsidan:
xucubani, xucubani, Cemi xucubani,alag lurji, alag mwvane, gzebi da ubani...xinos mTidan gadmomdgari mze viT kiborCxala,kintriSis pirs gadaSlili baRebi da yaneba.moqaTqaTe tyemlebis da yvavilebis wyeba,mokriale cis sarkeze varskvlavebi wydeba...magram Zvelad aq ra iyo _ ekali da bardi,idga Slami da Waobi, tkivili da dardi.
1 gaz. `lenineli~, (qobuleTis raionuli gazeTi), #111, 19 seqtem-beri, 1970, gv. 1,2.2 xucubnis Temis saregistracio wigni.
25
. . .axla ki _ baRebidan, yanebidan movardnili `rero~,am bednier dReebs, mzians, rogor ar vumRero,viT ar mivce Sromis guguns poeturi banida rogor ar Seviyvaro Cemi xucubani.
$ 2. soflis inteligencia
`inteligencia~ laTinuri sityvaa. leqsikonSi igi
asea ganmartebuli: `sazogadoebis socialuri fena, ro-
melic Sedgeba gonebrivi Sromis muSakebisagan, im pir-
Tagan, romelTac aqvT ganaTleba da specialuri codna
mecnierebis, teqnikisa da kulturis sxvdasxva dargSi~.1
amis mixedviT, aris soflis inteligencia, qalaqis in-
teligencia, teqnikuri inteligencia da sxva.
soflad oficialuri inteligenciis Sesaferisi
socialuri fenis Seqmnamde mis funqcias asrulebdnen
gvaris, Temis, tomis beladebi da maTi garemocva, Semd-
gomSi _ soflis gamocdili uxucesebi, Wkviani, dabrZe-
nebuli adamianebi. isini TavianTi gonierebiT gan-
sazRvravdnen gasakeTebel saqmes, wyvetdnen sakiTxebs,
primitiulad, magram drois Sesaferisad. miuxedavad
amisa, isini im droisTvis mainc inteleqtualur fenas
warmoadgendnen. magaliTad, aseTebi iyvnen: xelosnebi,
durglebi, ostatebi, kalatozebi, mWedlebi, raime dar-
gis codniT SeiaraRebuli pirovnebebi.
Zvelad ostats, romelic saxls aagebda, araviTari
specialuri ganaTleba ar hqonda, magram is kargad erk-
1 qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli, Tb., 1983,gv. 250.
26
veoda samSeneblo saqmeebSi da amisTvis saWiro ge-
ometriul, ariTmetikul da yofiT sakiTxebSi, sxvebis-
gan gansxvavebuli Tavisi gonebiTa da arakvalificiuri
inteleqtualuri unariT inteligenciis rols asru-
lebda. es unda miviCnioT teqnikuri inteligenciis Ca-
nasaxad.
specialuri inteligenciis Camoyalibeba dakavSi-
rebulia ganaTlebisa da kulturis kerebis SeqmnasTan,
sadac adamianebi Sesabamis ganaTlebas Rebuloben da
gadadian sazogadoebis im socialur fenaSi, romelsac
inteligencia (am sityvis pirdapiri gagebiT) hqvia. am-
denad inteligenciis Camoyalibebas safuZvlad udevs
Sromis danawileba da ganaTlebis kerebis Seqmna.
am zogadi msjelobidan gamomdinare, xucubanSi
soflis oficialuri inteligenciis Camoyalibebamde,
mis funqcias asrulebdnen soflis is pirovnebebi, rom-
lebsac, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, SeeZloT mosaxleobis
marTva, Wkuis darigeba, saqmis organizeba, gonebrivi
Sromis muSakebis funqciis Sesruleba. soflis mosax-
leoba maT akisrebda am saerTo-saxalxo saqmes da
emorCileboda kidevac.
xucubnis inteligenciis centri gaxda, uwinares
yovlisa, skola da pedagogiuri koleqtivi, romelmac
didi roli Seasrula soflis axalgazrdebis swavla-
aRzrda-ganTlebisa da soflis inteligenciis, adgi-
lobrivi kadrebis momzadebaSi.
rodis gaixsna pirveli skola xucubanSi da vin
iyo iniciatori? amasTan dakavSirebiT, mowonebis Rir-
sia xucubneli suleiman ismailis Ze kaikaciSvilis
(gulo-aRa kaika-ciSvilis ZmisSvili) narkvevi `mniS-
vnelovani TariRi~. masSi saubaria xucubanSi pirveli
qarTuli skolis gaxsnis Sesaxeb. es narkvevi-mogoneba
27
gulo-aRakaikaciSvili
winamdebare wignis avtorebs gad-
mogvca Cvenma maswavlebelma, aWa-
ris damsaxurebulma pedagogma, xu-
cubnis mkvidrma, skender bajeli-
Zem. amasTan dakavSirebiT, aRniS-
nul narkvevSi vkiTxulobT: `gulo
kaikaciSvilis ZmisSvili, 10 wlis
suleimani (1903-1983), romelic sa-
zogadoebis xarjiT TbilisSi
swavlobda, 1914 wels giorgi yaz-
begma sacxovreblad sakuTar
saxlSi waiyvana. Tavad xelmokle
generali mzrunvelobas ar akleb-
da misTvis Zalze kargad nacnobi mxaris Svils da, al-
baT, kidev didxans eyoleboda, rom ara sazogadoebis
mdivnis daviT kariWaSvilis gadawyvetileba. daviTma
kargad icoda, rom giorgi yazbegs Tavadac uWirda, am-
itom mogvianebiT suleiman kaikaciSvili man Tavis
saxlSi gadaiyvana. aseTi mSobliuri mzurnvelobiT
suleimani ganaTlebul inteligentad Camoyalibda da
didxans iRvawa aWaris skolebSi. Cvens xelT arsebul
dokumentebSi suleimani mogviTxrobs: 1914 wels `qarT-
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoe-
bis~ mier me da murad gunTaiSvili gagzavnili viqeniT
Tbilisis qarTul saTavadaznauro gimnaziaSi, sadac
Cagvweres Sesaferis klasebSi. yvelaze siamiT minda mo-
vigono 1915 wlis 23 dekembers Tbilisidan ardadegebze
sofelSi Camosvla~.
qobuleTSi CamosvlisTanave, muradi TavisianebSi
wasula, suleimans ki fexiT gauwevia saxlisken (xucub-
nisken – avt.), am dros mas wamowevia mgzavrebiani etli,
romelSic, meetlesTan erTad, msxdaran sami cilin-
28
suleimankaikaciSvili
driani, simpaTiuri adamiani. maT-
gan erT-erTs gimnazielis forma-
Si gamowyobili suleimanisTvis
qarTulad ukiTxavs: _ sadauri
xar, ymawvilo? mas upasuxnia, rom
sofel samebidan (xucubnis erT-
erTi nawilia – avt.) iyo. es Wa-
Rara kaci misula suleimanTan,
auRia misi xelbargi da meetli-
sTvis miuwodebia, Tavad sulei-
mani ki win dausvamT da gamgza-
vrebulan. roca gaugiaT, rom
igi kaikaciSvili iyo, maRal
kacs misTvis ukiTxavs, Tu visi Svili iyo. suleimanis
pasuxze mas uTqvams: `aba, Cveni ismailis Svili xar?~
rogorc Semdeg gairkva, WaRara kaci ieremia gulisa-
Svili yofila, maRali kaci _ rejeb niJaraZe, xolo
mesame _ arsen wiTliZe.
suleimani mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor Sexvdnen misi
TandaswrebiT stumrebi centrSi myofT, rogor gaabes
maTTan baasi. moiTaTbires da auwyes sofelSi pirveli
qarTuli skolis gaxsnis ganzraxva.
amas kargad Sexvdnen soflis mowinave adamianebi:
axmed da aslan TamazaSvilebi, Zmebi axmed, xasan da
xusein gogitiZeebi, ismail, xusein, omer, Suqri, xasan
kaikaciSvilebi, Zmebi rejeb da osman mowyobilebi, Zme-
bi xusein da skender mowyobilebi, dursun da ramiz
TxilaiSvilebi, isini Caebnen saqmeSi da mezobeli nini-
Ze SeiTanxmes skolisaTvis miwa mieca. Senoba iyides
ozurgeTis mazris sofel baxvSi, urmebiT gadmoitanes
da dadges. qveviT pirveli sarTuli qva gaakeTes, meore
29
sarTuli xis Senoba iyo. skola gaixsna 1916 wlis
martSi.1
amave dRes skola gaxsnes alambarSi, manamde mar-
tis pirvel ricxvebSi sofel yorolisTavSi, xolo
aWaris danarCen soflebSi imave wlis momdeno ricxveb-
Si.
amgvarad, xucubanSi pirveli skolis gaxsnaSi didiwvlili miuZRvis arsen wiTliZes, gulo-aRa da ismailkaikaciSvilebs, eremia gulisaSvils, rejeb niJaraZes,romelTa iniciativiTa da aqtiuri monawileobiT so-felSi Camoyalibda ganaTlebisa da kulturis pirvelikera. skola muSaobas Seudga xusein mowyobilis bina-
Si, mogvianebiT ki, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mosaxleo-
bam SeiZina oTxoTaxiani saxli baxvSi, gadmoitana da
dadga igi sofelSi.
xucubnis qarTuli skolis maswavleblebi iyvnen:
arsen wiTliZe, masTan erTad Tamar darejanaSvili da
babo bregvaZe. axalgaxsnili skolebi muSaobdnen 1917
wlis Tebervlis burJuaziul-demokratiul revolucia-
mde.
marTalia, mosaxleobaSi wera-kiTxvis ucodinaro-
bis likvidaciiTa da erovnuli cnobierebis ganmtkice-
biT skolam bevri ram gaakeTa, magram erTi yvaviliT
gazafxuli ar modis. dasaxuli didi amocanis ga-
dasawyvetad erTi an ori skola sakmarisi ar iyo, saWi-
ro iyo mTeli qveynis, maT Soris, aWaris masStabiT
skolebis gaxsna.
es amocana intensiurad da globalurad xor-
cieldeboda gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebidan, roca
daiwyo ganaTlebis axali sistemis Camoyalibeba aWaris
1 ab. surgulaZe, pirveli qarTuli skola xucubanSi,baTumi, 1969.
30
yvela sofelSi, maT Soris qobuleTis raionSi da ker-
Zod, xucubanSi, farTod inergeboda swavla-ganaTleba.
mosaxleobam Tavisi Svilebi _ Wabukebi da qaliSvile-
bi Caaba swavlebaSi. male pirvel oTxklasdamTavrebu-
lebs pirveli rvaklasdamTavrebulebic daematnen, bo-
los _ pirveli saSualoganaTlebuli axalgazrdebic
gamoCndnen. adamianTa Segnebis done iqamde amaRlda
(amas cxovrebac karnaxobda da mosaxleobac naTlad
grZnobda), rom sakmarisi ar iyo saSualo skolis dam-
Tavreba, saWiro iyo umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba, adgi-
lobrivi mosaxleobisgan saTanado srulyofili kva-
lificiuri specialistebis momzadeba. amrigad, soflisskola iyo is brwyinvale CiraRdani, romelmac gzagauxsna axalgazrdobas saSualo specialuri Tu umaR-lesi ganaTlebis misaRebad, inteligenciis rigebis ga-safarToeblad.
ase TandaTanobiT skolam niadagi moamzada, xucub-
neli axalgazrdebi SeaiaraRa saSualo ganaTlebiT, sa-
Sualo-teqnikurma saswavleblebma da baTumis SoTa
rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiurma ins-
titutma (amJamad universiteti), Semdgom Tbilisis,
quTaisisa da bevrma sxva umaRlesma saswavlebelma sa-
Sualo skoladamTavrebuli axalgazrdebisgan moamza-
des calkeuli dargis specialistTa armia. amis Sedegi
iyo swored is, rom xucubnelTa rigebidan aRizardnen:
pedagogebi, eqimebi, agronomebi, zooveteqimebi, te-
qnologebi, inJinrebi, ekonomistebi, iuristebi, samxe-
dro specialistebi, mecnierebi, xelovnebisa da kul-
turis dargis mowinave adamianebi, romlebmac Tavi
gamoiCines saxalxo meurneobis calkeul sferoSi, ga-
naTlebis, kulturis, mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargSi,
rogorc adgilze, xucubanSi, qobuleTis raionuli
31
rejeb niJaraZe
mmarTvelobis aparatis SemadgenlobaSi, ise avtonomi-
uri respublikis partiul, saxe-lmwifo organoebSi Tu
sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi. Tavdauzogavi SromiT
bevri maTgani gascda aWaris farglebs, cxovrobda da
moRvaweobda TbilisSi, moskovSi, leningradSi da sxva
qalaqSi.aWaraSi pirveli umaRlesganaT-
lebulebi iyvnen alambreli rejebniJaraZe, boboyvaTeli iusuf civaZe,xucubneli suleiman kaikaciSvili,xusein nakaiZe, xusein beqiriSvili.
isini TavianTi piradi TvisebebiTa
da sazogadoebriv-erovnuli moRva-
weobiT mniSvnelovani adgili daika-
ves da TvalsaCino roli Seasrules
aWaris mosaxleobis erovnuli cno-
bierebis aRorZineba-ganmtkicebaSi,
kuTxis kulturul da ekonomikur
cxovrebaSi. maTi magaliTi gzas un-
aTebda da swavla-ganaTlebis wyurvils uZlierebda
mTeli kuTxis, qobuleTis raionisa da sofel xucub-
nis axalgazrdebsac.
xucubnelTaTvis stimulis mimcemi iyo aslan iusu-
fis Ze bajeliZe (masze qvemoT).
gamoCenili mxedarTufrosi aslan bajeliZe ekuTv-
nis im qarTveli sabWoTa oficrebis pleadas, romel-
mac muSur-glexur armiaSi samsaxuri saqarTveloSi
sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis pirvelsave wlebSi
daiwyo.
Tbilisis samxedro meTaurTa skolaSi araerTi
axlgazrda Cairicxa qobuleTis raionidan. eseni iyvnen:
32
irakli nakaiZe jemal mesxiZe Temur gogmaCaZe
aslan bajeliZe, xusein beJaniZe, dursun SaviSvili, iu-
suf megreliZe, axmed veruliZe, suleiman inaiSvili.
xucubani amayobs Tavisi Rirseuli da saxelovani
SvilebiT. ai isini: cnobili partiuli da saxelmwifo
moRvawe aleqsandre TxilaiSvili, saxelovani iuristi
jemal bajeliZe, ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori aleqsandre (ali) bajeliZe, geografiis
mecnierebaTa kandidatebi xusein da irakli nakaiZeebi,biologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti jemalmesxiZe, biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
Temur gogmaCaZe, mecnier-muSakebi: ilia bauJaZe, akaki
gogoliSvili da sxvebi.
vin iyo aslan bajeliZe?
aslan bajeliZe iyo xucubnel bajeliZeTa saxelo-
vani warmomadgeneli. igi daibada 1912 wels RirsebiT
savse pirovnebis iusuf bajeliZis ojaxSi.
TerTmeti wlis aslan bajeli-Zes auxda ocneba _
amierkavkasiaSi samxedro polkis skolaSi Caricxes.
bejiTad swavliT imTaviTve miipyro aRmzrdel-maswav-
lebelTa yuradReba. am saswavlebelSi masTan erTad
33
polkovnikiaslan bajeliZe
1912-1983
swavlobda saqarTvelos kompar-
tiis c.k-is yofili pirveli mdi-
vani vasil mJavanaZe.
1926 wels axali kursdamTav-
rebuli aslani ukve oceulis me-
Tauria q. baTumSi, pirveli msro-
leli qarTuli diviziis meore
polkSi. aq man Tavi gamoiCina,
rogorc energiulma da unarianma
meTaurma. 1932 wels kargi muSao-
bisTvis aslani imave polkis
dazvervis aseulis meTaurad
daawinaures. male kapitnis CiniT
gadaiyvanes saswavlo aseulis me-
Taurad.
1936 wels, saqarTvelos sabWoTa xelisuflebis da-
myarebis 15 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, aslani moskovSi
gagzavnes saqarTvelos mSromelTa delegaciis Semad-
genlobaSi. delegacia qveynis xelmZRvanelebma miiRes
kremlSi. oficris profesiaze Seyvarebuli a. bajeli-
Zis sikoxtaviT, aRnagobiT da SemarTebiT didad moixi-
blnen i. stalini da k. voroSilovi. maT gverdiT miix-
mes aslani, Semdeg ki samaxsovro suraTic gadaiRes.
sabrZolo da politikur momzadebaSi maRali maCvene-
belebisTvis aslan bajeliZe `sapatio niSnis~ ordeniT
daajildoves.
1937 wels aslani moskovis oficerTa samxedro sas-
wavleblis kursantia, Semdeg erT-erTi samxedro Se-
naerTis meTauri, polkis meTaurTa skolis ufrosi, ba-
talionis meTauri, polkis meTauris moadgile.
1939 wels, roca iaponelebi veragulad Tavs daesx-
nen monRoleTis saxalxo respublikas, igi Tavisi ma-
34
maci meomrebiT mTeli 14 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi gmir-
ulad ebrZoda iaponel samuraebs, romlebmac araer-
Txel igemes Cveni mamaci mebrZolebis Zlieri dartyma.
omis dawyebis dRidan, aslani meTaurobda sxvadasxva
polks, Semdeg 209-e msroleli diviziis erT-erTi pol-
kis meTaurad daniSnes da iaponelTa dajgufebis max-
loblad gadaiyvanes. mas daavales diviziis piradi Se-
madgenlobis sabrZolo momzadeba. frontisTvis rezer-
vebis unarianad momzadebisTvis igi samamulo omis
meore xarisxis ordeniT daajildoves.
1943 wels dekemberSi aslan bajeliZe me-17 armiis
284-e msroleli diviziis meTaurad daawinaures. divi-
ziam iaponelTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi isaxela Tavi. 17
dRe-RameSi brZolebiT gaiara 1200 km, SeuZlebeli SeZ-
lo da sabrZolo davaleba brwyinvaled Seasrula,
risTvisac umaRlesi mTavarsardlis _ i. stalinis mad-
loba daimsaxura, divizias xonganskis saxeli ewoda,
xolo polkovniki aslan bajeliZe wiTeli droSis or-
deniT daajildoves.
1946 wlis ivnisSi, mZimed daWril aslans operacia
gaukeTes, Semdeg ki amierkavkasiis samxedro olqSi
gadmoiyvanes. wlebis manZilze igi iyo anapis saxelo-
bis 414-e wiTeldroSovani qarTuli msroleli diviz-
iis polkis meTauri, sadac diviziis mTeli piradi
Semadgenlobis sayovelTao siyvaruli daimsaxura.
am diviziis yofili meTaurebi, generlebi _ giorgi
yufaraZe, giorgi yuraSvili da petre CxobaZe, diviziis
politganyofilebis yofili ufrosi, gadamdgari pol-
kovniki varlam janeliZe yovelTvis amayobdnen aslan
bajeliZiT, romelic aravis patiobda sabrZolo da
politikuri momzadebis saqmeSi daudevrobas, an upa-
suxismgeblobas. is gonivrulad warmarTavda armiaSi
35
partiul-politikur muSaobas. yovelTvis wina planze
ayenebda adamianebisadmi, maTi pirovnebisadmi pativis-
cemas. Tavad aslan bajeliZe, da es gvarsac axasiaTebs,
xom kristaluri siwmindisa da maRali zneobis gansax-
iereba iyo. igi 1923 wlidan 1954 wlamde, 30 welze meti,
umwikvlod emsaxura saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis ganmtkicebas. man SeubRalavad atara oficris
urTulesi profesia. yovelTvis iyo cxovrebaSi, saqmi-
anobasa da megobrobaSi magaliTis mimcemi adamiani,
romlis sityva saqmiT iyo damSvenebuli.
aslanma didi samamulo omis frontze nanaxi da
gancdili gaWirveba SeiZleba daiviwya, magram ar daviw-
yebia is, rac am gaWirvebam aswavla.
sanimuSo mxedruli moRvaweobis, faSisturi ger-
maniasa da imperialistur iaponiaze Zlevamosil ga-
marjvebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis, aslan bajeliZe
polkovniki aslan bajeliZe (marcxnidan pirveli)naTesav-axloblebTan erTad
36
dajildoebuli iyo 9 ordeniTa da 12 medliT, rom ara-
feri vTqvaT stalinisgan miRebul saxelobiT madlo-
baze.
ai, patiosani adamianis, samSoblosadmi, sazogadoe-
bisadmi Tavdadebuli pirovnebis, maRalmoqalaqeobrivi
Tvisebebi: moxdenili Cacmuloba, sifaqize, sidarbais-
le, keTilsindisierebiT ganvlili da rwmeniT aRsavse
cxovrebis gza didi magaliTia, sicocxlisa da drois
faqtoris uwyvetobis utyuari faqtoria, rac Tanabrad
moqmedebs yvela droSi, warsulSi, awmyoSi da mimar-
Tulia ukeTesi momavlis SeqmnisaTvis. swored batoni
aslan bajeliZis 30-wliani samxedro samsaxuri, 70-
wliani Sinaarsiani saqmiT datvirTuli sicocxle aris
saukeTeso nimuSi amisTvis.
omgamovlili, mZime wlebgadatanili, samSoblosT-
vis uangarod gaweuli samsaxurisTvis mopovebuli or-
denebiTa da medlebiT mkerddamSvenebuli batoni as-
aslan bajeliZe kremlSi (ukana rigSi marcxnidan meoTxe)
37
lani 71 wlis asakSi, 1983 wels gardaicvala. ganisven-
ebs bajeliZeTa sagvareulo sasaflaoze.
aslan bajeliZis mxedrul niWsa da maRal moqa-
laqeobriv Tvisebebze saubrisas metad saintereso da
upriani iqneba moviSvelioT ramdenime amonaridi poli-
tolog arCil takiZis mier saqarTvelos kompartiis
centraluri komitetis yofili pirveli mdivnis vasil
pavles Ze mJavanaZis Sesaxeb dawerili mogonebidan.
gasuli saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi, _ wers a. takiZe,
_ meoTxed saukuneze metxans partiis qedis raionul
da aWaris saolqo komitetSi vmuSaobdi, aqedan 19 weli
vasil mJavanaZis saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri
komitetis pirveli mdivnis maRal postze moRvaweobis
periods emTxveva. ramdenjerme mqonda bedniereba, par-
tiul muSakTa viwro jgufTan erTad, piradad Sevxved-
rodi da mesaubra masTan. partiul RonisZiebebze mra-
valjer momismenia misi moxsenebebi da gamosvlebi.
CemTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da dauviwyari Sex-
vedra vasil mJavanaZis damsaxurebul pensiaze gasvlis
Semdeg, 1984 wels qobuleTis raionis sofel xucu-
banSi saxelovani polkovnikis aslan bajeliZis ojaxSi
Sedga. vasil mJavanaZe da aslan bajeliZe uaxloesi me-
gobrebi iyvnen, rasac 1923-1925 wlebSi Tbilisis msro-
lelTa samxedro saswavlebelSi erTad swavlis peri-
odSi Caeyara safuZveli. kursantebi imdenad dauax-
lovdnen erTmaneTs da daZmakacdnen, rom v. mJavanaZe
zafxulis ardadegebs xSirad sofel xucubanSi, aslan
bajeliZis ojaxSi atarebda. samxedro cxovrebam Semd-
gomSi maTi cxovreba gahyara, magram isini mainc mtkice
megobrebad darCnen. partiis centraluri komitetis
pirvel mdivnad muSaobis periodSi vasil mJavanaZe xSi-
rad interesdeboda aslan bajeliZis mdgomareobiT,
38
vasil mJavanaZe megobris, meore msoflio omis gmiris,polkovnik aslan bajeliZis saflavTan
magram baton aslans erTxelac ar ucdia didi mego-
bris piradi intresebisTvis gamoyeneba, piriqiT, man
uari Tqva vasil mJavanaZis SeTavazebul araerT maRal
Tanamdebobaze.
aslan bajeliZe 1983 wels gardaicvala. sxvadasxva
mizezis gamo mis dakrZalvas vasil mJavanaZe ver
daeswro. ojaxma misi amaRelvebeli depeSa miiRo mos-
kovidan. meore wels v. mJavanaZe qobuleTSi imyofeboda
da moisurva aslan bajeliZis saflavze misvla. pensi-
aSi myofi vasil mJavanaZe mainc didi pirovneba iyo da
bajeliZeTa sagvarulosa da xucubnis kolmeurneobis
saxelovanma Tavkacma vladimer bajeliZem partiis qo-
buleTis raikomis pirvel mdivans da aRmaskomis Tav-
mjdomares sTxova sapatio stumarTan Sexvedra, magram
maT uari uTxres: Cven amis gakeTeba saqarTvelos kom-
partiis centraluri komitetis nebarTvis gareSe ar
SegviZliao _ ganucxades mas. es arajansaRi damokide-
buleba adre aRiarebuli, Semdeg wasuli xelmZRvanel-
39
isadmi, komunisturi reJimis Sedegi gvegona, magram,
samwuxarod, mas Semdegac ase gagrZelda da, albaT, mo-
mavalSic ase iqneba. xelmZRvaneli yovelTvis unda da-
fasdes, xelmZRvanelobaSic da wasvlis Semdegac. sau-
baria WeSmarit xelmZRvanelze (avt.). Sewuxebuli vla-
dimer bajeliZe aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mi-
nistrTa sabWoSi Camovida da miTxra, mirCie, rogor
moviqceo. me maSin ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris mo-
adgiled vmuSaobdi da mas vkiTxe: Cemi daxvedra sak-
marisi Tu iqneba-meTqi. man kmayofileba gamoTqva. meore
dRes vasil mJavanaZis erT-erT Tavgadaklul Tayvanis-
mcemelTan, aWaris ganaTlebis ministr vaxtang wuluki-ZesTan erTad, Zvirfas stumars aslan bajeliZis saf-
lavTan davxvdiT. male vasil mJavanaZe movida, didi
gvirgvini moitana da karga xans mdumared dascqeroda
megobris saflavs. Semdeg mokled, STambeWdavad ilapa-
raka aslan bajeliZis pirovnebaze, mis kacurkacobaze,
sabrZolo damsaxurebaze, gansakuTrebiT xazi gausva
mis did rols uZlevelad miCneuli iaponelTa kvantu-
nis armiis ganadgurebaSi. mraval ordensa da medals
Soris gamoyo umaRlesi mTavarsardlis i.b. stalinis
saxelobiTi madloba, romelic saqarTveloSi 18-ma, xo-
lo aWaridan mxolod orma mebrZolma miiRo.
Semdeg maspinZlebma aslan bajeliZis saxlSi migvi-
patiJes. batoni vasili yvelafers didi interesiT aT-
valierebda. gaixsena, rom aslanis mSoblebs 20-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi patara ficruli oda-saxli hqon-
daT. `me da aslani meore sarTulze, sastumro oTaxSi,
vcxovrobdiT, dRes yvelaferi Secvlili da galamaze-
bulia. maSin aseTi didi sasaxleebi vis hqonda. batonma
vladimerma moaxsena, rom sofelma Tqveni xelmZRvane-
lobis dros moiTqva suli. es didebuli saxlebi Tqven
40
dros aaSenes. didebul skolas, kulturis saxls, bib-
lioTekas, kinodarbazs da sxva sikeTes glexebi Tqven
gimadlian, batono vasil~.
Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, pativcemulno, skender maswav-
leblis mogvareebo da Tanasoflelo xucubnelebo,
vfiqrobT, marTali viqnebiT, Tu vityviT, rom baton as-
lan bajeliZis damsaxurebis ukeTes Sefasebas ise ve-
ravin SeZlebs, rogorc vasil mJavanaZem warmoadgina,1
_ wers batoni arCil takiZe.
SesaZloa, vinmem Tqvas, wigni eZRvneba skender ba-
jeliZes da aslan bajeliZeze amdeni laparaki ra saWi-
ro iyoo. es mouzomavi Tanafardoba maTze saubrisas
xom ar Crdilavs wignis mTavar gmirs? Cven ki vupasu-
xebT aseT oponents (Tu ki iqneba vinme), rom polkovnik
aslan bajeliZeze ramdenic vilaparkoT (Tumca zomaze
meti araferi ra varga), skender bajeliZis pirovnebas
Crdils ki ar ayenebs, piriqiT, mis avtoritets ufro
amaRlebs. batoni aslani xom skender maswavleblis
ara marto mogvare, aramed misi biZacaa, Tanasoflelia,
xucubnelia da ara ucxo. Tu Cven xucubnis, am saxel-
ganTqmuli soflis saqveynod aRiarebas aRvniSnavT, mis
warsuls, ufros Taobas vixsenebT, vsaubrobT mis in-
teligenciaze, romlis fesvebidan erT-erTi pirveli da
sxvebisaTvis tonis mimcemi xom batoni aslani brZan-
deboda. skender maswavlebeli (da ara marto is) am in-
teligenciis rigebSi gaizarda da aslan bajeliZe, es-
oden saxelganTqmuli, samSoblosTvis daxarjuli kaci
misi mkvidri iyo da amayobda misi saxeliTa da avto-
ritetiT. batoni aslani Tavisi pirovnuli RirsebebiT
didi figura iyo, ara marto mSobliur kuTxeSi, sa-
1 s. dumbaZe, aWaris avtonomiuri respublika meore msoflioomis periodSi (1939-1945 ww.), baTumi, 2005, gv. 46-49.
41
vladimer bajeliZe1923-1998
qarTveloSi, aramed mTeli kavSiris masStabiT. is mar-
to Tavis Tavs ki ar ekuTvnoda, aramed samSoblos sax-
elovani, saamayo Svili iyo. amdenad, dagveTanxmebiT,
saamayo da sayovelTaod sayvareli da, miT umetes, na-
Tesavic Tua, masze laparki arasdros vinmes Crdilad
ar gadaiqceva. misi saxelisa da avtoritetis madli
yvela kaikacis darajad da mfarvel angelozad moev-
lineba. ase, rom kargi wris wevrTa avtoriteti maRla
swevs TiToeuli wevris avtoritetsac.
batoni aslan bajeliZe ara marto bajeliZeebSi, an
xucubanSi, qobuleTSi, aramed
saqarTvelos istoriaSi erT-
erT aRiarebul mxedarTmTav-
rad darCeba. misi saxeli da
ganvlili cxovreba lampariviT
gzas gaunaTebs axalgazrdobas
momavlis SenebaSi.
sofel xucubans alamaze-
ben sxva bajeliZeebic, omis
frontze sabrZolo SemarTe-
biT Tu Sromis velze miRweu-
li warmatebebiT, razedac ze-
moT aRiniSna.
polkovnik aslan bajeliZis Semdeg gamovyofdiT
mis ZmisSvils, baton vladimer xuseinis Ze bajeliZes,romlis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli xucubnis TvalsaCi-
no da sakavSirod aRiarebuli miRwevebi. Tavisi moqa-
laqeobrivi RirsebebiT, sidinjiT, TavdaWerilobiT,
profesionalizmiT, principulobiT, mSromeli adamia-
nebisadmi mzrunvelobiT, sameurneo da saxelmwifoeb-
rivi mmarTvelobis unar-CvevebiT xucubnelTa da (ara
marto xucubnelTa) rigebs amSvenebda vladimer xusei-
42
SromiT mopovebuli jildoebi
nis Ze bajeliZe. is am wignis mTavari gmiris _ skender
bajeliZis momdevno Zma gaxldaT. iyo aWaris soflis
meurneobis muSakTa gvardiis Rirseuli warmomadgene-
li, SesaniSnavi specialisti, gamorCeuli organizato-
ri, sakavSiro soflis meurneobis damsaxurebuli muSa-
ki, sakavSiro umaRlesi sabWos ori mowvevis deputati,
im dros aRiarebuli saxelmwifos umaRlesi jilode-
bis, leninis da Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenebis ka-
valeri.
vladimer bajeliZe daibada 1923 wels, qobuleTis
raionis sofel xucubanSi. SromiTi saqmianoba sruli-
ad axalgazrdam 1947 wels daiwyo CaqvSi ubnis agrono-
mad da mas Semdeg naxevari saukune emsaxureboda aWa-
ris avtonomiuri respublikis soflis meurneobis
aRorZinebis saqmes. vladimeri iyo aWaris mcenareTa
dacvis saxelmwifo inspeqciis muSaki, raionis soflis
meurneobis ganyofilebis mecitruseobis dargis agro-
nomi, xucubnis kolmeurneobis ubnis agronomi, gvaras
kolmeurneobis jer mTavari agronomi, Semdgom Tav-
mjdomare.
43
1962 wels batoni vladimeri airCies mSobliuri
soflis kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomared. swored misi
xelmZRvanelobiT srulad icvala sofelma saxe. Sro-
mis axali meTodebis farTod danergviT, mSromelTa
iniciativis stimulireba-waxalisebiT, misTvis ekonomi-
kuri berketebis moqnilad gamoyenebiT sofeli xucuba-
ni gaiyvana mTeli qveynis masStabiT mowinaveTa rigebSi.
vladimer bajeliZis xelmZRvanelobiT, sofeli iRebda
Caisa da citrusis sarekordo mosavals, risTvisac
mTavrobis araerTi jildo daimsaxura. misi TaosnobiT
Catarda respublikuri yriloba soflad sanimuSo wes-
rigsa da disciplinis ganmtkicebisaTvis, ramac farTo
gamoxmaureba pova saqarTvelos yvela regionSi.
vladimer bajeliZes pensiaSi gasvlis Semdegac ar
Sewuyvetia aqtiuri sazogadoebrivi saqmianoba. misi ga-
mocdilebiT araerTi sazogadoebrivi sakiTxi mogvare-
bela qobuleTis raionSi.
1998 wels wavida Cvengan SesaniSnavi organizatori,
gulisxmieri, Tavmdabali, samSobloze, ojaxze, xalxze
uzomod Seyvarebuli adamiani, datova aRiarebuli sax-
eli da dauviwyari saqmeebi. misi xsovna samudamod
darCeba ara marto megobrebis, kolegebis, axloblebis,
xucubnelebis, bajeliZeTa gvaris, aramed xeobis isto-
riaSi, _ aRniSnulia vladimer bajeliZis Sesaxeb aWa-
ris soflis meurneobis da sursaTis saministros mier
momzadebul nekrologSi (masze saubari qvemoT).1
vladimer bajeliZis madliani gza da tradiciebi
gaagrZela giorgi bajeliZem.
xucubnel bajeliZeTa gvaris 50 ojaxs Soris erT-
erTi qemal xuseinis Ze bajeliZis (1893-1963) (meuRle
1 vladimer bajeliZe (nekrologi), gaz. `aWara~, 4 nomeberi, 1998,gv. 4.
44
aleqsandrebajeliZe
Tenzile xasanis asuli xabazi, 1895-1979 ww.) ojaxi gax-
lavT. maTi Svilebi arian: severiane, aleqsandre, gior-gi.
severiane daibada 1912 wels. man jer safinanso-
ekonomikuri kursebi, Semdeg Tbilsis saxelmwifo uni-
versitetis safinanso-ekonomikuri fakulteti daamTav-
ra. cxovrobda baTumSi, monawileobda faSizmis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolaSi. omis Semdeg muSaobda xucubnis
kolmeurneobis buxhaltrad, 1950 wlidan _ aWaris sax-
alxo kontrolis komitetSi, iyo aWaris saeqsperto ko-
misiis Tavmjdomare. bolos aWaris finansTa saminist-
ros sarevizio sakontrolo jgufis
ufrosi. omgamovlili veterani 1982
wels, 70 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.
dasaflavebulia xucubanSi bajeli-
ZeTa sagvareulo saflavze.
severianis momdveno Zma iyo
aleqsandre (ali) (1923-1985 ww.) daam-
Tavra xucubnis saSualo skola. ro-
gorc warCinebuli kursdamTavrebu-
li, 1941 wels ugamocodod Cairicxa
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiul fakultetze. germania-sabWoTa kavSiris omis
dawyebis gamo, swavla veRar ganagrZo da ojaxSi dab-
runda. rogorc friadosani, daniSnes wyavrokis Svid-
wliani skolis fizika-ma-Tematikis maswavleblad. 1942
wlis maisSi gaiwvies frontze. monawileobda mraval
sabrZolo operaciaSi, maT Soris, ibrZoda berlinTan.
1945 wlis bolos, omgadaxdili meomari, ordenebiT da
medlebiT mkerddamSvenebuli, demobilizebul iqna. 1946
wels swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universi-
tetSi, magram ara iuridiul, aramed ekonomikur fa-
45
giorgi bajeliZe
kultetze. universitetis dasrulebis Semdeg iqve daam-
Tavra aspirantura, daicva sakandidato da sadoq-toro
disertaciebi da gaxda ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doq-
tori, profesori. gamoqveynebuli hqonda 56 samecniero
naSromi, maT Soris, 4 monografia. specialistTa didi
yuradReba daimsaxura misma araerTma naSromma, gan-
sakuTrebiT ki `aWaris soflis meurneobis ekonomikis
aqtualurma sakiTxebma~.
aleqsandre bajeliZem didi roli Seasrula poli-
tikuri ekonomikis saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnaSi. gansakuT-
rebiT aRsaniSnavia misi wvlili aWaris socialur-
ekonomikur istoriis SeswavlaSi. man am Temaze araer-
Ti naSromi gamoaqveyna. maTgan aRsaniSnavia monogra-
fiebi, romlebSic Seswavlilia aWaris ekonomikis is-
toria 1878-1921 wlebSi (rus. enaze), socialisturi
ekonomikis warmoSoba da damkvidreba aWaraSi (1921-1940
ww), aWaris soflis meurneobis ekonomikis sakiTxebi1
da sxv. samecniero moRvaweobasa da sazogadoebriv saq-
mianobaSi miRweuli warmatebebisTvis dajildoebuli
iyo ivane javaxiSvilis medliT. misi xelmZRvanelobiT
momzadda da dacul iqna ara-
erTi sakandidato da sadoqto-
ro disertacia. omSi mamacobi-
saTvis miRebuli hqonda ram-
denime jildo, maT Soris me-
dali `mamacobisaTvis~. aleq-
sandre nayofieri da perspeqtiu-
li mecnieri iyo. magram avtoka-
tastrofaSi moxvedram Searyia
misi janmrTeloba. gardaicvala
1 samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, aWara, t.,IV, baTumi, 2012, gv. 539.
46
1985 wels. dasaflavebulia mSobliur sofelSi, baje-
liZeTa sagvarulo sasaflaoze.
aleqsandre bajeliZem da misma meuRlem, Tina mala-
niam, samSoblos gauzardes ori Svili _ ciuri da gu-
rami, romlebic cxovroben TbilisSi da agrZeleben
ojaxisa da gvaris tradiciebs.
qemal bajeliZis mesame vaJiSvilma giorgim (daiba-
da 1931 wels) 1956 wels daamTavra xucubnis saSualo
skola, erTxans muSaobda soflis klubis gamged, Sem-
deg gaiwvies samxedro samsaxurSi, daamTavra kaunasis
saxelmwifo saoficro skola da 1954 wels daasrula
samxedro samsaxuri Tadarigis oficris CiniT. jaridan
dabrunebis Semdeg igi muSaobda xucubnis kolmeurne-
obaSi sxvadasxva Tanamdebobaze. 1955 wels Cairicxa
Tbilisis sasoflo-same-urneo institutSi, ekonomika-
organizaciis fakultetze (dauswreblad); 1961 wels
daamTavra aRniSnuli umaR-lesi saswavlebeli agrono-
mis specialobiT. 1957 wlidan muSaobda umcros ag-
ronomad, mcenareTa dacvis agronomad, mTavar agrono-
mad. iyo sakolmeurneo partiuli komitetis mdivani,
1983-1993 wlebSi ki amave kolmeurneobis Tavkaci. aris
damsaxurebuli ekonomisti, arCeulia q. qobuleTis sa-
patio moqalaqed. hyavs meuRle nazi gogmaCaZe, romelic
amJamad pensioneria. maT gazardes Svilebi: irina, le-
vani da ilia. samive umaRlesi ganaTlebiTaa. irina ni-
JaraZeebis rZalia, cxovrobs q. qobuleTSi, levani
cxovrobs da muSaobs TbilisSi, xolo ilia _ qobu-
leTis samxedro komisariatSi.
giorgim, rogorc soflis Tavkacma, rogorc zemoT
iTqva, Rirseulad gaagrZela winamorbedis, vladimer
bajeliZis saxelovani tradiciebi da kargi saxeli da-
tova soflis mosaxleobasa da raionis xelmZRvane-
47
rezo bajeliZis ojaxi.meuRle rusudani, Svilebi:
mzia da daviTi
lobaSi. dRes giorgi pensioneria da ojaxSi saqmia-
nobs, Tavs irTobs SviliSvilebze ferebiT da maTi
warmatebebiT xarobs.
rezo bajeliZe skender
maswavleblis biZaSvilia.
daibada 1926 wels xucuban-
Si. daamTavra saSualo sko-
la, mwvane koncxis teqniku-
mi. muSaobda sabuRaltro
aRricxvis xaziT sxvadasxva
dawesebulebaSi.
1968 wels dauswreblad
daamTavra soxumis subtro-
pikuli institutis agrono-
miuli fakulteti. muSaobda
xucubnis milioner kolmeu-
rneobaSi sxvadasxva Tanam-
debobaze. iyo gvaras ubnis
ufrosi agronomi, saidanac
gavida pensiaSi.
datova kargi ojaxi _ meuRle rusudani, Svilebi:
nana, mzia, daTo. yvela umaRlesi ganaTlebiT. rezo
gaxda babuac. gardaicvala 2010 wlis 15 agvistos. gan-
isvenebs sagvareulo sasaflaoze.
xucubnelTa saamayod unda aRiniSnos, rom am sof-
lis mkvidrni dawinaurdnen ara marto qobuleTis
raionul, aramed aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi sax-
elmwifo, partiul da sazogadoebriv organoebSi. uwi-
nares yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom aWaris avtonomi-
uri respublikis xelmZRvanelad, aWarel mkvidrTagan
pirvelad dawinaurebul daviT mamulaZis1 (romelmac
1 s. dumbaZe, vl. mamulaZe, xixanis saarwivodan, baTumi, 1998.
48
aleqsandreTxilaiSvili
jemal bajeliZe
gaamarTla xalxis, zemdgomi xelmZRvaneli organoebis
ndoba da imedebi, gaalRo aWarisa da aWarlebisadmi
undoblobis yinuli), Semdeg airCies xucubnis mkvidri,
im dros aWaris ministrTa sabWos
Tavmjdomare aleqsandre Txilai-Svili, igi TiTqmis ori aTeuli
wlis manZilze unarianad marTav-
da aWaras, agrZelebda winamor-
bedTa saxelovan tradiciebs.
SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqtic,
rom aleqsandre TxilaiSvilis
cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas pro-
fesorma SoTa jafariZem miuZRvna
specialuri naSromi.1 amitom aq
mokled xazs vusvamT mis did dam-
saxurebas ara marto xucubnelebis, aramed aWaris av-
tonomiuri respublikis mkvidrTa winaSe. amitom maTze
saubars amiT davasrulebT.
xucubnel bajeliZeTa erT-erTi
Rirseuli warmomadgeneli iyo je-mal bajeliZec (d. 1926 w.). jemalma
aqve daamTavra saSualo skola, Sem-
deg ki _ Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo univeriste-
ti da miiRo iuristis specialoba.
1949-1952 wlebSi muSaobda saqarTve-
los respublikis prokuraturaSi,
sagamoZiebo ganyofilebis prokuro-
rad, 1952 wels sruliad axalgazr-
da daawinaures aWaris avtonomiuri
respublikis prokuroris moadgiled. 1953 wels mas
1 S. jafariZe, xalxis samsaxurSi, baTumi, 2003.
49
levan bajeliZe
irCeven aWaris umaRlesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomared
da imave wels _ aWaris iusticiis ministrad. iyo aWa-
ris advokatTa kolegiis prezidiumis Tavmjdomare, aWa-
ris ministrTa sabWos saqmeTa mmarTveli (1961-1962 ww.)
aWaris prokurori (1963-1974 ww.), Semdgom isev iustici-
is ministri (1975-1989 ww.), saidanac gavida damsax-
urebul pensiaze. bolo wlebSi eweoda saadvokato saq-
mianobas. igi iyo erudirebuli pirovneba da maRal-
kvalificiuri specialisti. iuristi, uaRresad pati-
osani, principuli da marTlmsajulebis erTguli msa-
xuri. jemal bajeliZe Tanabari obieqturobiT wyvetda
rogorc adamianTa uflebebis, aseve, saxelmwifo in-
teresebis dacvis sakiTxebs. samarTlebriv organoebSi
xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobebze muSaobiT, man didi wvli-
li Seitana axalgazrda specialistebis aRzrdasa da
daostatebaSi. misi profesionalizmi, saxelmwifosadmi
damsaxureba, moqalaqeobrivi Rirsebebi, gaweuli sa-
qmianoba dafasda saxelmwfo jildoebiT, iyo aWaris
umaRlesi sabWos deputati. igi 70 wels gadacilebuli,
gardaicvala, ganisvenebs mSoblur sofelSi, ba-
jeliZeTa sagareulo sasaflaoze.1
xucubnis mkvidria levan baje-liZe, romelic daibada 1934 wlis 15
agvistos. daamTavra: xucubnis saSu-
alo skola (1953 w.) saqarTvelos
sasoflo-sameurneo institutis ag-
ronomiuli fakulteti swavluli
agronomis diplomiT (1962 w.), amave
institutis aspirantura (1972w.) dai-
cva sakandidato disertacia soxu-
1 jemal bajeliZe (nekrologi), gaz. `aWara~, 18 ivnisi, 1997.
50
jumberbajeliZe
mis subtropikul institutSi, mieniWa
soflis meurneobis kandidatis same-
cniero xarisxi. imsaxura jarSi, mu-
Saobda samkurnalo mcenareTa sa-
kavSiro kvleviTi institutis amier-
kavkasiis zonalur sacdel sadgurSi
ufros mecnier-TanamSromlad (1988-
2006 ww.) amave sadguris direqtori
iyo. gamocemuli aqvs 41 samecniero
naSromi. miRebuli aqvs ori saavto-
ro mowmoba iseTi samkurnalo prepa-
ratebis SeqmnaSi, rogoricaa: ven-
blastini da livitozoni, romlebic gamoiyeneba lei-
kemiis samkurnalod.
jumber bajeliZe, dabadebuli 1932 wlis 19 Teber-
vals, xucubanSi. 1951 wels daamTavra xucubnis saSu-
alo skola, 1960 wels _ baTumis subtropikuli te-
qnikumi da muSaobda kvirikes meurneobaSi agronomad.
paralelurad, daamTavra soxumis subtropikuli meur-
neobis instituti (1968 w.). sxvadasxva dros iyo xucub-
nis kolmeurneobaSi araerT sapasuxismgeblo Tanamde-
bobaze. 1992 wlidan pensioneria. hyavs meuRle da erTi
Svili.
saerTod, yvela qarTvelisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT,
xucubnelTaTvis saamayoa is faqtic, rom maTi rigebi-
dan ori niWieri axalgazrda daewafa xelovnebisa da
kulturis iseT dargs, rogoricaa Teatri. saqarTve-
los saxalxo artistebi _ iusuf kobalaZe da merabxinikaZe, TbilisSi umaRlesi Teatraluri ganaTlebis
miRebis Semdeg, moRvaweobdnen baTumis ilia WavWavaZis
saxelobis saxelmwifo dramatul TeatrSi. nayofieri
moRvaweobiT, samsaxiobo artistizmiT, Sesrulebis
51
originaluri manerebiTa da gardasaxvis virtuozuli
niWiT, mayurebelTa didi siyvaruli da pativiscema
daimsaxures. Teatraluri xelovnebisa da saqarTvelos
istoriaSi maTi saxelebi ukvdavia. dauviwyaria iusuf
kobalaZis mier Seqmnili saxeebi _ oidipos mefe, ote-
lo, bagrationi, beqir gurjiZe, arsena. agreTve, dauviw-
yaria merab xinikaZis mier Sesrulebuli rolebi: kik-
viZe, napoleoni, uriel akosta, nezmanovi, iago, erekle
mefe, kartaSovi, giJua, selim ximSiaSvili, papa onise,
TevraTi da sxva mravali. isini, miuxedavad imisa, rom
didi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobiT dakavebulni iyvnen, ar
iviwyebdnen mSoblur sofels, zrunavdnen masze, mona-
wileobdnen soflis yvela RonisZiebaSi, axarebdnen Ta-
nasoflelebs, Snosa da lazaTs matebdnen xeobis Ro-
nisZiebebs.
raki xucubnelTa xelovnebaze vlaparkobT, aqve
SeiZleba davasaxeloT kidev erTi xelovani am sofli-
dan, romelsac, marTalia, klasikuri Tu specialuri
iusuf kobalaZe _saqarTvelos
saxalxo artisti
merab xinikaZe _saqarTvelos
saxalxo artisti
52
ganaTleba ar hqonda miRebuli, magram bunebrivi niWiT
dajildoebuli xelovani virtuozulad ukravda Con-
gurze, Wibonze da kargadac amRerebda Zvel da axal
simRerebs. bevr simReras Tavad qmnida xolme. mas ara
marto xucubansa da qobuleTis raionSi, aramed mis
farglebs gareTac icnobdnen, rogorc meCongure Tu
meWibone xusia bajeliZes (mis Sesaxeb ix. vrclad qve-
moT).
xucubnelTa Soris bevri saxelovani da qebuli
adamiania. mivesalmebiT yvelas TiToeulad, cal-cal-
ke, vusurvebT janmrTelobas, xangrZliv sicocxles
gaerTianebul, gamTlianebul, gamdidrebul, yvela ada-
mianiT dasaqmebul, yvela saojaxo yulabagadidebul,
bolomde gademokratebul saqarTveloSi. bodiSs vixd-
iT im xucubnelTa winaSe, romlebzec weras ver
vaxerxebT, wignis moculobis, sagamomcemlo saqmiano-
bis wesebiT SezRudlobis gamo, da gTxovT, mogviteoT.
warmodgenili wignis wakiTxvas vandobT TiToeul
xucubnels. marTalia, wigni Semoifargleba bajeli-
Zeebze saubriT, magram Tqvendami siyvaruli da pati-
viscema, Zvirfaso xucubnelebo, am striqonebsac gam-
ovayoleT.
$3. bajeliZeTa gvaris warmomavlobisa daetimologiis Sesaxeb
rogorc zemoT vTqviT, sofeli xucubani saintere-
soa ara marto Tavisi geografiul-reliefuri mdeba-
reobiT, klimatur-meteorologiuri pirobebiT, mraval-
ferovani flora-fauniT, istoriuli warsuliT Tu ga-
53
datanili brZolebiT, aramed sayuradReboa agreTve sa-
kuTari demografiuli suraTiTac.
xucubanSi cxovroben ZirZveli, metad cnobili da
aRiarebuli gvarebi: anTaZeebi, babulaZeebi, baJunaiSvi-
lebi, bauJaZeebi, bajeliZeebi, bladaZeebi, gogitiZeebi,
gogmaCaZeebi, gorgilaZeebi, dumbaZeebi, emiriZeebi, Txi-
laiSvilebi, kaikaciSvilebi, kobalaZeebi, konceliZeebi,
megreliZeebi, mowyobilebi, mJavanaZeebi, nakaiZeebi, nem-
saZeebi, oqropiriZeebi, stamboliSvilebi, qaTamaZeebi,
SubaliZeebi, cecxlaZeebi, xinikaZeebi.
sofeli TandaTanobiT izrdeboda aWaris mTiani
raionebidan Casaxlebuli Tu saqarTvelos sxva regio-
nebidan, an kidev qobuleTis sxva soflebidan gan-
saxlebulebis xarjze. amitom aq mcxovreb ZirZvel gva-
rebs Soris gaCnda axali gvarebi: arTmelaZeebi, baTni-
Zeebi, beriZeebi, bolqvaZeebi, daviTaZeebi, diasamiZeebi,
vaSaymaZeebi, vasaZeebi, kaxaZeebi, miqelaZeebi, lomiZeebi,
mgelaZeebi, solomoniZeebi, surmaniZeebi, koCaliZeebi,
SavaZeebi, SainiZeebi, civaZeebi, xaxutaiSvilebi, xozre-
vaniZeebi da sxv.
skender bajeliZis biZaSvilebi
54
rogorc davinaxeT CamoTvlil gvarebis Soris erT-
erTi ZirZveli, cnobili bajeliZeTa gvaria.
gvar-saxelebze saubrisas zogadad mainc unda vi-
codeT ori mTavari momenti: pirveli, gvar-saxelebis
warmomavlobis Teoria da, meore, gvaris istoria. zog-
adi monacemebis safuZvelze ki unda moxdes sakvlevad
aRebuli gvaris warmomavlobisa da etimologiis gaana-
lizeba. amgvarad, gvar-saxelebis problemis garkve-
visTvis saWiroa Teoriuli baza, rac sxvadasxva kuTx-
iT SemuSavebulia qarTvel mecier-mkvlevarTa Sromeb-
Si. yvelaze didi roli Seasrules leqsikografebma da
leqsikologebma. am saqmes saqarTveloSi fuZe daudo
sulxan-saba orbelianma. man Seqmna `sityvis kona~, ro-
melic aris leqsikoni s. ioramiSvilis redaqciiTa da
winasityvaobiT (Tb., 1948). es saSviliSvilo saqme ga-
nagrZo Tedo Jordaniam, romelmac Seqmna `qronikebis~
samtomeuli. masSi, bevr sxva sakiTxTan erTad, ganxi-
lulia araerTi gvar-saxeli. amas mohyva 1924 wels s.
kakabaZis `dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi~,
1961 wels - niko CubinaSvilis `qarTuli leqsikoni~
(al. Rlontis redaqciiTa da gamokvleviT); 1964 wels _
al. Rlontis `qarTuli leqsikoni, qarTuli gvarsax-
elebi~; zurab WumburiZis `ra gqvia Sen?~ (1971 w.),
qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia (1975 w.), tbeTis sulTa
matiane, romelic gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da
saZieblebi daurTo Tina enuqiZem (1977 w.); ilia maisur-
aZis `qarTuli gvarsaxelebi~ (saleqsikono bibliogra-
fiuli masalebi (1981 w.); kona gigineSvilis mier gamo-
cemuli `berZnuli da romanuli sakuTari saxelebis
orTografiuli leqskoni~ (1985 w.); al. Rlontis `sa-
kuTari saxelebi: qarTveluri saxelebi~ (1986 w.); qar-
Tuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli (1986
55
w.) da mravaltomeuli; roland TofCiSvilis `XIX sau-
kunis mosaxleobis aRwera saqarTveloSi,~ Jur. `mnaTo-
bi~, #12 (1981 w.); avTandil silagaZisa da anzor ToTa-
Zis `gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi~ (1997 w.), iakob axuaS-
vilis `qarTuli gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi~, xuT-
tomeuli, IV, (2004 w.) ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Sedge-
nili m. WabaSvilis mier, meore gamocema (1989 w.); ara-
fers vambobT saqarTvelos istoriis did korifeebze
(iv. javaxiSvili, n. berZeniSvili, s. janaSia, p. ingo-
royva da sxva mravali), romelTa calkeul naSromebSi
ganxilulia CvenTvis amjerad saintereso sakiTxebi.
eris, qveynis, misi Semadgeneli nawilebis, regio-
nebis, olqebis, xeobebis, soflebisa Tu qalaqebis is-
toriis srulyofilad Seswavla moiTxovs gvarebis is-
toriis Seswavlasac. ama Tu im pirovnebis cxovreba-
saqmianoba _ moRvaweobis monografuli gamokvlevisT-
vis saWiroa misi winaprebis vinaobis garkveva. winap-
rebis aRsaniSanvad ki uZvelesi droidan gaCnda adami-
anTa saxelebi da gvarebi. saxeli erTi pirovnebis sa-
kuTari saxelia, amdenad yvela pirovnebas Tavisi, sa-
kuTari saxeli aqvs. sakuTari saxeli ki gaCnda adami-
anis azrovnebis dawyebis droidan, erTimeorisgan ada-
mianebis gasarCevad. amisaTvis adre saxeli sakmarsi
iyo. magram droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianebis erTmaneTi-
sagan _ Tavisi sexniasgan gasarCevad-saWiro darCa dama-
tebiTi saxeli, anu gvari, romelic aerTianebda sisx-
liT naTesavebs, gvarovnul, tomobriv gaerTianebebs.
amdenad pirvelad gaCnda saxeli, xolo Semdeg gvari,
ramac gaadvila sazogadoebis wevrTa urTierToba.
sainteresoa isic, rom TiTqmis yvela xalxSi sax-
eli ansxvavebs kacsa da qals. bevr enaSi (rusuli,
Turquli), sqesis garda saxeliTa da gvariT gamokve-
56
Tilia naTesaobac. amasTan, aris kacisa da qalis sazi-
aro saxelebic, magaliTad, giuli, suliko, guguli,
dodo, ia da sxva mravali. saxeli `giuli~ saqarTve-
loSi 3548 qals hqvia da 606 mamakacs, `dodo~ _ 6530
qals da 163 mamakacs, `suliko~ _ 3803 qals da 4680
mamakacs, `ia~ _ 13215 qals da 148 mamakacs da a.S.1
gvar-saxeli iseTi fenomenia, romlis Sesaswavlad
arsebobs araerTi mecniereba, romlebic sxvadasxva
aspeqtiT ikvleven gvar-saxelTa sakiTxebs.
gvar-saxelebis istoriaze warmodgena rom gvqon-
des, saWiroa verkveodeT iseT terminebSi, rogoricaa
onomasiologia da onomastika.
onomasiologia (onomatologia), berZnuli sityvaa
da erTi gagebiT niSnavs ama Tu im enaSi arsebul sa-
kuTar saxelTa erTobliobas, meore gagebiT _ enaTmec-
nierebis nawilia, romelic sakuTar saxelebs swav-
lobs.
onomastika (onomastikoni) igive onomasiologiaa,
misi pirveli gagebiT. maSasadme, onomastika (onomasti-
koni) niSnavs sakuTar saxelTa erTobliobas, xolo
onomasiologia (onomatiologia) gulisxmobs sakuTar
saxelTa Sewavlas, kvlevas.
garda aRniSnulebisa, arsebobs kidev sxva termine-
bi: anTroponimika da anTroponimia. profesori aleq-
sandre Rlonti Tavis naSromSi `qarTuli sakuTari sa-
xelebi~2 ganmartavs, rom pirveli termini _ anTropo-
nimika (berZ.) onomatologiis nawilia, romelic adami-
anTa sakuTari saxelebis sistemas swavlobs. meore
termini _ anTroponimia ikvlevs, swavlobs adamianTa
sakuTar saxelebs. onomastikonSi erTiandeba sxvada-
1 a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 43.2 al. Rlonti, qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, Tb., 1964, gv.
57
sxva terminebi: anTroponimebi (adamianTa sakuTari sax-
elebi), eTnonimebi (tomTa da xalxTa saxelebi), zooni-
mebi (cxovelTa, frinvelTa, mwerTa saxelebi), toponi-
mebi (adgilis saxelebi), hidronimebi (mdinareTa, tbaTa,
zRvaTa saxelebi).
Tanamedrove anTroponimika Tu onomastiologia sa-
kuTar saxelebs ori aspeqtiT ikvlevs: 1. deskriptulad
(e.i. dRevandeli viTarebis mixedviT) da 2. diaqronu-
lad (e.i. ganviTarebis istoriis CvenebiT). Cven ki unda
vicodeT, rom gvaris istoriis SeswavlisaTvis saWiroa
orive aspeqtis (deskriptuli da diaqronuli) mixedviT
msjeloba.
qarTvel mecnierTa da leqsikologTa naSromebis
momarjvebiT SeiZleba nebismieri gvaris warmomavloba-
ze msjeloba.
qarTuli gvarebi metad mravalferovania winaprebis
TvalsazrisiT. raki gvari grZeldeba mamis xaziT, ami-
tom umTavresad gavrcelda da ganivrco mamakacTa sax-
elebi da ara qalTa.1
profesor zurab WumburiZis ganmartebiT, mamis sa-
xeli gvaris fuZed iqca, Cadga naTesaobiT brunvaSi,
e.i. daemata `is~ fonema (brunvis niSani), agreTve `Ze~
(dasavleT saqarTveloSi) da `Svili~ (aRmosavleT sa-
qarTveloSi). am gziT miviReT Svilisa da momdevno mis
memkvidreTa Stos gvari. droTa ganmavlobaSi naTesao-
biTi brunvis niSnis Tanxmovani s daikarga, magram igi
daculia Zvel Txzulebebsa da dokumentebSi warmod-
genil iseT gvarebSi, rogoricaa: sabanisZe, abuserisZe,
ColoyasSvili, qavTarasSvili da sxva.
1 z. WumburiZe, leqsikoni, ra gqvia Sen? Tb., 1982, gv. 43-44; i. ax-uaSvili, qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, xuTtomeuli, t. IV, Tb., gv.1052-1059.
58
garda Ze da Svilisa qarTul gvarebs awarmoebs ag-
reTve ia, ua(va). amaTgan el da ur (ul) sadaurobis ma-
warmoebeli sufiqsebia. megrul gvarebSi gavrcelebu-
lia va da ia sufiqsebi, romlebic uan/ian daboloebis-
gan unda iyos miRebuli.
sainteresoa qarTuli gvarebis mawarmoebel cal-
keul formatTa raodenoba saqarTveloSi:
1. Ze _ 1 649 222 ; 8. eli _ 55 017;
2. Svili _ 1 303 723; 9. uli _ 25 729;
3. ia _ 494 224; 10. Si _ 7 263;
4. ava _ 200 642; 11. skiri _ 2 375;
5. iani _ 129 206; 12. Wviri _ 1 831;
6. uri _ 76 044; 13. yva _ 1 023.1
7. ua _ 74 817;
qarTuli gvari myaria Tavisi bunebiT. igi aerTia-
nebs sisxliT naTesaobas da icavs misi wevrebis Rirse-
bas. maTSi adamianis sakuTari saxelis tabuirebis tra-
diciac yofila, zogan dResac ki SemiCneva es procesi.
cols ar SeeZlo qmris saxelis xseneba da, piriqiT,
qmars - colisa. es iyo urTierTpativiscemis, erTmane-
Tisadmi mokrZalebis gamoxatuleba da tradiciad
qceuli tabu. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa vaJa-
fSavelas sityvebi: `fSaveli qmari da misi coli ise
dahberdebian, rom erTmaneTs saxels ar dauZaxeben _ es
unamusobad, sircxvilad miaCndaT~.2 aseT SemTxvevaSi
coli qmars mouZebnida, qmari - cols erTmaneTze mi-
marTvisaTvis damatebiT, araoficialur, amasTan mofe-
rebiT, saidumlo saxels.
saqarTveloSi gvarebi ZiriTadad VI saukunidan
gaCnda. dRevandeli gvarebis umravlesoba ki XIV-XV
1 a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 288.2 vaJa-fSavela, Txz. t., V, Tb., 1961, gv. 10.
59
saukuneebidan momdinareobs. TandaTanobiT viTarde-
boda gvari, xdeboda misi ganStoeba, gantotva. am gziT
Cndeboda monaTesave gvarebi.
gaCnda mosazreba, rom qarTuli gvari Zveli wel-
TaRricxvis siRrmeSi midis. ase, magaliTad: fifia, Tu-
ria, Taria, Saria, gaxaria, malia, faia, xaria, facia da
mravali sxva.1
gvar-saxelebis Sesaxeb zogadi Teoriuli da isto-
riuli eqskursis Semdeg SeiZleba gadavideT uSualod
saikTxze, romelic gansaxilveli Temis Semadgeneli
nawilia. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs xucubnis erT-erTi aRi-
arebuli bajeliZeTa gvari.
ismis kiTxva: rogoria am gvaris warmomavloba, an
ra etimologiuri axsna moeZebneba mas?
am sakiTxze pasuxis gasacemad moviZieT gvar-sa-
xelebis Sesaxeb arsebuli arcTu ise mwiri litera-
tura. bajeliZeTa gvaris Sesaxeb msjelobas wavawydi
profesor iakob axuaSvilis naSromSi `qarTuli gvar-
saxelebi~.2 avtoris varaudiT, gvari `bajeliZe~ war-
momdgaria `baji~-dan. ra aris baji? qarTul enci-
klopediaSi `baji~ ganmartebulia, rogorc sofeli am-
brolauris raionSi (RadiSis sasoflo sabWo), raWis
qedis CrdiloeT kalTaze, mdinare rionis marcxena na-
piras, zRvis donidan 620 m, ambrolauris raionuli
centridan 22 km manZilze.3 profesori i. axuaSvili
wers, rom sityva `baji~ ixmareba ori aspeqtiT: pirve-
li, rogorc geografiuli saxeli da meore _ rogorc
Turquli sityva (moismina Turuqlad molaparakeTa
1 s. gogitiZe, qaSqa-abeSla: afxazur (afsua)-adiReuri Tu qarTve-luri modgma? baTumi, 2010, gv. 513.2 iakob axuaSvili (algeTeli), qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, xuTto-meuli, t. IV, Tb., 2004, gv. 1052-1059.3 qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, Tb., 1977, gv. 257.
60
metyvelebaSi), naxa Turqul leqsikonSi da gaigo, rom
`baji~ Turquli sityvaa da ixmareba ramdenime mniSvne-
lobiT: 1. Tavani, sxveni, 2. saliteraturo Turqul ena-
Si _ sarkmeli, saxuravSi sinaTlisa da haerisaTvis ga-
moWrili sarkmeli, 3. da, deida, 4. bajanaRi – qvisli.
Cven davamatebT mis mexuTe mniSvnelobas _ baji-baja,
rac niSnavs kedelsac, saxlis sxvensac (qse), maRal
adgilsac.
prof. iakob axuaSvili imasac ambobs, rom Znelia
imis Tqma, rom gvar-saxeli `bajeliZe~ am terminidan
`baji~ _ momdinareobs, magram saeWvo ar unda iyos misi
am gvaris guriis sofel `baj~-Tan dakavSireba, rom-
lidanac warmoqmnilad miiCneva, anu toponimad Tvlian.
mkvlevari imasac ambobs, rom Tu davafiqsirebT, rom
bajeliZe `bajidan~ momdinareobs, toponimikurad arse-
bobs amnairi warmoSobis gvarebi; magaliTad, asea miRe-
buli curtav-el-i curtavidan, rusTav-el-i – rusTavi-
dan, maCab-el-i maCabidan, wereT-el-i _ wereTidan, jav-
el-i-Ze _ javidan, musx-el-i-Svili _ musxidan, jayel-i
_ jayidan, xul-el-i-Ze, xuladan (yazbegis raionSi so-
felia xula, xuleliZeebic bevria), xixa-Ze _ xixa-dan
(xixanidan, xixaZiridan) da sxva mravali.
baton iakob axuaSvils veTanxmebiT, rom baj-i-dan
momdinareobs gvari `bajeliZe~, magram CvenTvis mi-
uRebelia `bajis~ axsna Turquli enis bazaze, an misi
dakavSireba guriis bajTan (guriaSi aseTi sofeli
araa dafiqsirebuli). guriaSi bajeliZeebi cxovroben
ozurgeTis raionis soflebSi baxvSi, meriaSi da na-
tanebSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi baji geografiuli saxe-
lia, ese igi toponimia, meore SemTxvevaSi mas sul sxva
gageba aqvs, naTesaobas gamoxatavs. geografiuli `ba-
jis~ naTesaobis aRmniSvnel Turqul `bajTan~ dakavSi-
61
reba arafriT ar SeiZleba, radgan qarTuli `baji~ da
Turquli `baji~ omonimebia, formiT meqanikurad hgavs
erTmaneTs, saqarTveloSi arsebuli toponimebis axsna
upirvelesad unda veZioT mSobliur enaSi da Tu
sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda es, maSin mivmarToT sxva enas.
Cven gveCveneba, rom bajeliZis Ziridan aRebuli `baji~-
s axsna, uwinares yovlisa, unda veZioT raWaSi. raki
raWa, kolxeTTan SedarebiT, maRali adgilia, Sesa-
Zlebelia `baji~ Tu `baja~ maRal adgilsac niSnavdes.
Cveni mosazrebiT, `baji~ aris qarTuli sityva `baj-
baji~ (daTvi baj-bajiT dadioda) an kidev zantad, nela
mosiarule adamianze ityvian `bajbajiT dadiso~. es
kidev erTxel migvaniSnebs, rom bajeliZis Ziri `baji~-
s axsna unda veZioT qarTul enaSi, mis raWvelur ki-
lokavSi.
mkvlevari miuTiTebs imasac, rom aWaraSi bajeliZe-
Ta pirveli adgilsamyofeli qobuleTis raionis
sofeli xucubania. gadmocemiT, aqedan nawili qedis
raionSi, sofel (aliqoRlebSi) – oqtomberSi (qedis r-
ni) gadasula sacxovreblad. Semdeg moxda maTi gan-
totva. axla arian xelvaCauris raionis sofel maxoSi,
angisaSi, q. baTumSi, qobuleTSi, maWaxlis xeobis so-
fel cxemlnaraSi ki iyvnen bajiSvilebi. bajeliZeebi
cxovroben agreTve sofel axalSenSi (xelvaCauris r-ni
_ avt.). aqve batoni i. axuaSvili imowmebs oqtombrel
zebur bajeliZis (baTumis satransporto policiis yo-
fili ufrosis) monaTxrobs: `Cemi winaprebidan vici,
rom guriidan gadmosulan xucubanSi, xolo iqidan
asulan oqtomberSi. gvaqvs mimosvla xucubnel da gu-
rul bajeliZeebTan. viciT, rom erTi modgmisani varT.
aq aWaraSi gvari ar Segvicvlia. amas adasturebs 1912
welis arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT Sedgenili sia, rom-
62
lSic moxseniebuli arian iusuf bajeliZe da qobule-
Teli cnobili brma meCongure xusein bajeliZe, rome-
lic tkbili xmiT asrulebda Zvel da axal simRe-
rebs.~1
Tu sofelSi arsebul gadmocemebs, romelzedac
zemoT iyo saubari, da baton i. axuaSvilis mosazrebebs
SevajerebT, SeiZleba mivideT im daskvnamde, rom ba-
jeliZeTa gvari (rogorc Tavad bajeliZeebi amboben),
raWidan mosulan xucubanSi, xolo (aliqoRlebel)
zebur bajeliZis TqmiT, guriidan mosulan xucubanSi.
am orive mosazrebis da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom `ba-
ji~ geografiuli saxelia (raWaSi), SeiZleba gavakeToT
savaraudo daskvna bajeliZeTa gvaris warmomavlobisa
da maTi moZraobis marSrutis, anu gavrcelebis geo-
grafiis Sesaxeb, rom es gvari Camoyalibda raWaSi, am-
brolauris raionSi, Semdeg Camovidnen barad, kolxeTis
dablobze, guriaSi (ozurgeTis r-ni), Tu aWaraSi, xucu-
banSi (qobuleTis r-ni). am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vifiq-
roT, rom xucubnidan gadavidnen ozurgeTSi, an, piri-
qiT. amas gvavaraudebinebs am gvaris saqarTveloSi gan-
saxlebis geografiuli suraTi. saqarTvelos samoqala-
qo reestris 2011 wlis monacemebiT, bajeliZeebi cxov-
roben: TbilisSi 89 (kaci _ 47, qali _ 42); guriaSi, ker-
Zod, ozurgeTSi _ 247 (kaci – 118, qali – 129); lanC-
xuTisa da Coxatauris raionebSi TiTo suli (da isic
qali); aWaraSi 461 (kaci _ 220, qali _ 241), aqedan qobu-
leTis raionSi 187 (kaci _ 99, qali _ 88), baTumSi 121
(kaci – 57, qali _ 64); xelvaCauris raionSi 115 (kaci –
48, qali _ 67); qedaSi 38 (kaci – 16, qali – 28); rusTavSi
4 (kaci _ 2, qali _ 2). TiTo-orola suli (gaTxovili
1 i. axuaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 1052-1059.
63
qali) cxovrobs bolnisSi, gulrifSSi, gurjaanSi, oCam-
CireSi.1
Cveni varaudis mixedviT, am gvaris moZraobis marS-
rutic ase gvesaxeba:
pirvel SemTxvevaSi geografiuli termini `baji~
adgilis aRmniSvneli toponimia, meore SemTxvevaSi is
arc geografiuli da arc toponimikuri terminia. igi
aRniSnavs sacxovrebeli saxlis garkveuli funqciis
matarebel nawils (sakvamle mili, an sarkmeli). Cven
veTanxmebiT pativcemul profesors, rom es `baji~ aris
toponimi da gvari bajeliZec warmodgenilia am
sityvidan. magram rogor?
vajamebT ra msjelobas bajeliZeTa gvarTan da-
kavSirebiT da mis warmomavlobisa da etimologiis
Sesaxeb, gamovTqvamT Cvens varauds.
Cveni azriT, `bajeliZe~ ukavSirdeba ambolauris
raionis sofel `baj~-is geografiul toponims. es kar-
1 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo reestri, www.cra.gov.ge, 2011 w.
64
gad Cans am sityvis Semadgenel nawilebad - fonemebad
daSliT: baj-i, baj-el-i, baj-el-is-Ze (baj-el-i-Ze). aq
`baji~ aris geografiuli punqti, sadac am gvaris pir-
veli piri dasaxlda. -el _ iq dasaxlebuli piris sa-
daurobaze mimaniSnebeli sufiqsia, -is _ naTesaobiTi
brunvis niSani, -Ze _ pirvelad dasaxlebuli pirovne-
bis, misi STamomavalTa Svilia, rac specifikuria qar-
Tuli gvarebisaTvis, umTavresad dasavleT saqarTve-
loSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi brunvis niSnis Tanxmovani
`s~ daikarga, sabolood miviReT gvari `bajeliZe~. Tu
kargad davukvirdebiT, am gvaris etimologiur ganvi-
TarebaSi SeiniSneba ramdenime etapi: 1) baji, 2) baj-
el-i, 3) baj-el-is-Ze da 4) bajeliZe.
amgvarad, bajeliZeTa gvarma etimologiurad aseTi
gza gamoiara da sabolood miiRo dadgenili forma.
sainteresoa kidev erTi sakiTxi am gvarTan dakavSire-
biT. jerjerobiT ver movipoveT raime dokumenti, an
Tundac zepirsityvieri gadmocema imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-
dis momxdara raWidan bajeliZeTa migracia kolxeTis
dablobze, aWara-guriaSi Tu guria-aWarSi. gvaris gan-
viTarebis etapebis da migraciis qronologiis dadgena
momavali kvlevis sakiTxia. amaTan, sainteresoa isic,
rom raki `baji~ qarTuli geografiuli toponimia da
aqedan baj-el-i ki sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sityvaa,
igulisxmeba, rom bajidan sxvagan wasuli yvela adami-
ani bajelad iwereba da aqedan ganviTarda sabolood
dRevandeli, CvenTvis saitereso gvari bajeliZe. aqve
SeiZleba vifiqroT imaze, rom bajeliZeebs, vidre ba-
jSi cxovrobdnen, SesaZlebelia sxva gvari (?) hqondaT
da SeiZleba isic, rom isini axlac cxovroben raWaSi
Zveli gvariT. vinc ki wamovida iqidan, bajeliZeebad
(soflis saxeli SeinarCunes) daiweres, moxda gvaris
65
ganStoeba, genealogiurad ki is maT (adgilze darCe-
nilT) da wamosul bajeliZeebs erTi saerTo naTesauri
kodi aqvT. roca Cven statistikur monacemebze dayrd-
nobiT vambobT, rom bajeliZeebi dRes raWaSi ar fiq-
sirdeba, es SemTxveviTi araa, vinaidan es geografiuli
termini baji-dan wamomdgari sadaurobis aRmniSvneli
bajeliZe sworad miuTiTebs iq mcxovrebTa bajidan
sxvagan wasvlaze. aq saZiebelia bajeliZeTa genealo-
giuri warsuli gvari (Tu ki iqneba, guriaSi, dRevan-
del baxvSi).
zemoT motanili statistikuri monacembidan Cans,
rom raWaSi, ambrolauris raionSi, romelsac bajeli-
ZeTa gvaris warmomavlobis sawyisad vTvliT, amJamad
am gvaridis aravin cxovrobs. an Tu arian, Zveli, Sesa-
Zloa sxva gvarisani arian. es xom ar gamoricxavs ba-
jeliZeTa raWidan warmomavlobis faqts? Tu am azrs
daveTanxmebiT, maSin safiqrebelia, ratom miuTiTebs
xucubnis bajeliZeebis (am gvaris yvelaze mravalric-
xovan kompaqtur dasaxlebaSi) gadmocemiT maTi raWidan
warmomavlobis Sesaxeb? Cveni azriT, miuxedavad imisa,
rom dRes bajeliZeebis gvari ar fiqsirdeba raWaSi,
bajeliZeTa gvaris raWidan warmomavlobis sakiTxi
saeWvo ar unda iyos, radgan `el~ sufiqsiani gvari
warsul mosaxleobaze miuTiTebs.
raWa, marTalia, saqarTvelos erT-erTi ulamazesi
mxarea, magram istoriis qartexilebis dros mtris mud-
mivi Tavdasxmebis obieqti iyo, amasTan, ugzoobis gamo,
cxovrebis mZime pirobebic arTulebda da mosaxleoba
nawil-nawil Camodioda barSi. swored am motiviT unda
avxsnaT bajeliZeTa gvaris raWidan barad, kolxeTis
dablobSi Camosaxleba. is ki daudgenelia, sad dasaxl-
66
dnen da soflis saxeli gvarad aqcies (bajeliZe) para-
lelurad aWaraSi (xucubanSi) Tu guriaSi (ozurgeTSi).
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT zemoT moyvanil statistikas,
Cans, rom bajeliZeebi yvelaze meti aWaraSi arian (461
suli), rom bajeliZeebi aWaridan guriaSi (247 suli)
da am ori regionidan TbilisSi Tu saqarTvelos sxva
regionebSi (SeiZleba, ucxoeTSic) gadavidnen.
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imasac, rom guriaSi so-
feli `baji~ ar fiqsirdeba da yovelive amas argumen-
tad miviRebT, SeiZleba vifiqroT imazec, rom bajeli-
Zeebi raWidan Camosaxldnen aWaraSi (xucubanSi), iqedan
ki aWaris soflebsa da guriaSi sxvadasxva mizeziT, ar
gamovricxavT religiur aRmsareblobasac. Tu religi-
ur faqtorsac gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin gamodis, rom
raWidan bajeliZeTa migracia aWaraSi moxdeboda os-
malTa batonobis dawyebamde. vinc mahmadianoba miiRo
mSobliuri enis SenarCunebis mizniT, darCa aWaraSi,
xolo vinc ver Seegua da ar miiRo sxva sarwmunoeba,
gadavida saqarTvelos qristianul teritoriaze _ gu-
riaSi da axlac cxovroben, Sesabamisad, guriaSi _
baxvsa da natanebSi.
67
m e o r e g a n y o f i l e b a
skender bajeliZis cxovrebada moRvaweoba
$1. mSoblebi
mSoblis siyvaruli yvela
saTnoebis safuZvelia.ciceroni
bevri daTeseT, bevric moimkeT,
siyvaruli da pativiscema,Tqvengan viswavleT da STavigoneT
kacurkacoba, sindisi, Sroma.vano gabaiZe
SavizRvispireTSi, kerZod, qobuleTis raionis erT-
erT ulamazes sofel xucubanSi daibada skender xu-
seinis Ze bajeliZe. es iyo 1921 wlis 27 aprili. aprili
xom bunebis macocxlebeli, gazafxulis ulamazesi
Tvea. im wlebSi xusein bajeliZis ojaxisTvis aprilis
yvelaze gamorCeuli dRe 27 ricxvi iyo. is pirveli
Svilis, pirveli Tofis gavardnis, ojaxis sixarulisa
da bednierebis mauwyebeli dasamaxsovrebeli dRe gax-
da. gaxarebuli mSoblebi _ Tavs evlebodnen pirvel
pirmSos. pataras skenderi daarqves.
kargi mSoblebi hyavda skenders. dedis mxriv igi
wulukiZeTa gvars enaTesaveboda. deda, ojaxis wevre-
bisa da mezoblebis daxasiaTebiT, gamoirCeoda saTnoe-
biT, SromismoyvareobiT, TavazianobiT, stumarTmoyva-
reobiT, tradiciebisadmi erTgulebiT. kargi gvari-
68
Svili, karg ojaxSi dabadebuli da gazrdili meriemxuseinis asuli wulukiZe qarTveli mandilosnis Rir-
sebiT aRsavse qalbatoni yofila. im dros, roca meri-
ems swavlis asaki Seusrulda, sofelSi skola ar yo-
fila. swavlis wyurvili ver moikla, ocnebad darCa,
Tumca wera-kiTxvis ucodinarobis salikvidacio sko-
laSi (`likbezi~) iswavla wera-kiTxva. skolebis maso-
brivad gaxsnamde aseTi skolebi arsebobda XX s. 20-30-
ian wlebSi. didi survilis miuxedavad, skolaSi bo-
lomde ver iswavla, radgan gaTxovda. 1919 wels Ta-
nasoflel, darbasieli aRnagobis axalgazrdasTan, xu-
sein bajeliZesTan Seqmna ojaxi. maT 60 weli erTad
zides mZime, magram tkbili cxovrebis uReli da ase
gaatares TavianTi Sinaarsiani, patiosani da SromiT
datvirTuli cxovreba. qalbatoni meriemi didi rudu-
nebiT Caeba saojaxo saqmianobaSi, rac meuRlis samsax-
ursa da eqvsi Svilis aRzrdas moandoma. bednieri deda
moeswro Svilebis daqorwineba-daojaxebas. igi iyo, ara
marto bednieri deda, aramed SviliSvilebis mzurnveli
bebia da SvilTaSvilebis _ didi bebiac. man didi
siyvaruli daimsaxura da avtoriteti moixveWa, ara
marto kargi rZlobiTa da dedobiT, aramed agreTve
kargi diasaxlisobiTa da stumarTmoyvareobiT. igi
gaWirvebulebisa da qvriv-oblebisadmi yuradRebiT
gamoirCeoda sofelSi – mezoblebSi, naTesaobaSi. ami-
tom ufro metad undoda sicocxle, raTa damtkbariyo
Tavisi naSrom-naamagariT, Svilebisa da SviliSvilebis
siyvaruliT, magram cxovreba muxTalia, rodis dagi-
debs kvants da dagicurdeba fexi, ar ici. 1992 wels 92
wlis asakSi, qalbatoni meriemi gardaicvala, ganisven-
ebs xucubnis madlian miwaSi bajeliZeTa sagvareulo
sasaflaoze.
69
qalbaton meriemis maRalmoqalaqeobrivi Tvisebebi
ara marto saxelovani mSoblebis (es mTavari faqtoria
kargi rZlobisTvis) kargi aRzrdis Sedegi iyo da ge-
netikuri kodiT momdinareobda, aramed amas aRrmavebda,
aZlierebda da emateboda agreTve qmris, batoni xusei-
nisadmi erTguleba, dafaseba, yuradReba da megobruli
damokidebuleba. swored amaze ityvian: kaci qaliT ka-
cobs, qali kaciT qalobso.
naTqvamidan Cans, rom skender bajeliZes hyavda ara
marto kargi deda, aramed kargi, yuradRebiani mama.
isini siTbos da mzrunvelobas ar aklebdnen erTmaneTs
da ojaxs.
skender bajeliZis mama _ xuseini, memed bajeliZisojaxSi ufrosi Svili yofila. igi daibada 1880 wels
sofel xucubanSi. bavSvoba Tanatol biZaSvilebsa da
naTesav-mezoblebTan erTad gaatara. mZime bavSvoba
hqonda, magram mzrunveli mSoblebis xelSewyobiT swav-
skender bajeliZis mSoblebi:deda _ meriem wulukiZe (1900-1992),mama _ xusein bajeliZe (1880-1980)
70
las daewafa. raki maSin sofelSi qarTuli skola ar
yofila, iswavla qobuleTis rusul dawyebiT skolaSi,
sadac aswavles rusuli wera-kiTxva, xolo qarTuli
wera-kiTxva Tavad iswavla, damoukideblad. `roca qar-
Tulad davwerdi, _ ixsenebda SvilebTan da SviliS-
vilebTan saubarSi batoni xuseini, _ maswavle-beli
saxazaviT gagvwkeplavda _ ratom wer qarTula-do.~ ase
iyo saqarTveloSi mefis ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobis
dros, rusifikatoruli politikis periodSi. gasuli
saukunis 20-ian wlebamde igi vaWrobiT iyo gatacebuli.
Semdgom ki sakolmeurneo cxovrebaSi Caeba. xuseini
gamrje, welgamarTuli meurne, Sromismoyvare da keTi-
li kaci yofila.
batonma xuseinma ojaxi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, Ta-
nasofelel xusein wulukiZis aRiarebul ojaxSi gazr-
dil meriem wulukiZesTan Seqmna da 60 weli erTad
Wimes cxovrebis Wapani. eqvsi Svili aRzardes da cxov-
rebis gzaze daayenes. maT hqondaT Sexmatkbilebuli
cxovreba, naxes gaWirvebac, dalxinebac, magram ur-
TierTpativiscemiT iolad laxavdnen cxovrebis dabr-
kolebebs. aseT pirobebSi gazardes bavSvebi: skenderi,vladimeri, Suqri, zia, faTuSa da qeskini. faTuSa da
zia adreul asakSi gamoeTxovnen saaqaos da zeciuri
saqarTvelos mkvidrni gaxdnen, danarCenebi gaizardnen,
davaJkacdnen, daojaxdnen da mSoblebis guli gaaxares,
Tavadac kargi cxovreba Seqmnes.
marTalia, xusein bajeliZes klasikuri ganaTleba
ar miuRia, magram TviTganaTlebis gziT imdens miaRwia,
rom sofelSi (da aramarto sofelSi) erT-erTi aRia-
rebuli pirovneba iyo: dinji, sityvaZviri, TavdaWeri-
li, WkuasakiTxavi, keTilSobili, moyvasis erTguli,
ufrosebis momsmeni da damjeri, umcrosebze mzrunveli
71
da damrigebeli, gaWirvebulebze, qvriv-oblebze Tu me-
zoblebze uxmaurod da uangarod xelisgamwodebeli,
Sromismoyvare pirovneba. aseT kacze arsebobs kargi
SinaarsiT datvirTuli termini `kargi beriao.~ qobu-
leTSi ki ityvian kargi xucia, moxuci, Tu uxucesiao.
sxvaTa Soris, soflis saxelsac adgilze SemorCenili
Zveli folkloruli gadmocemis mixedviT, xucubnelTa
erTi nawili ukavSirebs `xucebs~ _ uxucesebs da
miRebulia `xucubani.~ ra Tqma unda, aq, am SemTxvevaSi
ar igulisxmeba terminis sasuliero azri, aramed xan-
dazmul da Wkvian kacze ityvian, romelic gamoirCeva
sityvaZvirobiT, WkuiT, brZnuli azrebiT, mamaSviluri
darigebebiT, kaci, romelsac yvela usmens da ujerebs.
didi Sroma-jafa gamovlili, saukunis asaks miR-
weuli, xusein babu gardaicvala Rrmad moxuci, 1980
wels. ganisvenebs mSobliur sofelSi, sagvareulo sa-
safalaoze, meuRlis gverdiT.
vfiqrobT, ar iqneba zedmeti xusein babuaze sau-
brisas movigonoT erTi saintereso epizodi.
akaki wereTlis saxelobis baTumis sajaro bibli-
oTekaSi presis masalebis damuSavebisas gazeT `aWaris~
erT-erT nomerSi wavawydiT werils saTauriT: `meWibo-
ne xusein bajeliZe~.
marTali giTxraT, gagvexarda, skender maswavleb-
lis mama meWibone, xelovnebis kaci yofilao (misi ma-
mac xom xuseinia). davinteresdiT, gveCqareboda maswav-
lebelTan Sexvedra am sakiTxis dazustebisaTvis (sxva-
Ta Soris, sistematurad vxvdebodiT maswavlebels, an
is gvewveoda ojaxebSi). male kidevac SevxvdiT. saubari
CamovagdeT mSoblebze, movigoneT presaSi `aRmoCenili~
`meWibone xusein bajeliZe~, gvainteresebda es xelovani
kaci misi mama iyo, Tu ubralod, saxel-gvaris damTxve-
72
va moxda. mamamisze Cven manamde araferi vicodiT da
arc mas uTqvams mis saqmianobaze Tu xelovnebaze.
Cveni saubari maswavlebels esiamovna, rom Cven,
misma mowafeebma, mis mamaze yuradReba gavamaxvileT.
`dRevandeli zogierTi axalgazrda moswavle Tu stu-
denti, samwuxarod, maswavleblis Tu leqtoris saxel-
gvars erTad ver dagvisaxelebs, _ gakvirvebiT, ufro
sworad, gaognebuli, TiTqmis sayvedurSereuli toniT,
odnav maRali xmiTa da Rimilnarevi saxiT mogvmarTa
skender maswavlebelma, _ maswavleblis mSoblebze
saubari ra enaze mosatania. Tqven ki maswavleblebi
yvela gaxsovT da maswvleblis mSoblebiTac inter-
esdebiT. didi madloba amisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom
Tqven, marTlac, gulwrfelebi xarT maswavlebelTa
mimarT, ram `gagagiJaT~, riT `moiwamleT~ ase magrad.
ra gagikeTeT aseTi?!~ sixarulgamoxatuli gakvirvebiT,
odnav aweuli xmiT, warmoTqva nasiamovnebma maswavle-
belma Cveni emociuri saubris Semdeg. erTxans Sewyda
saubari, SeCerda, pauza gakeTda, saxeze wiTeli almuri
moedo. cudad xom ar xarT, skender maswavlebelo? –
Sewuxebulni gacxarebiT mivmarTeT mas. pauzis Semdeg
uxmaurod, zeviT aweuli xeliT gvaniSna, ara, kargad
varo. Cven SevamCnieT, rom is raRacas gvimalavda. naTq-
vamia, Subi xalTaSi ar daimalebao. TvalebSi crem-
lebi rom SevamCnieT, maSin mivxvdiT, rom didad gax-
arebuls, omis mZime wlebgamovlils, grZnobebma uRa-
latao. ver vityviT, ar viqnebiT marTali. man grZnobis
karnaxiT gadmovardnili cremlebiT gamoxata Cvendami
madliereba da kmayofileba im damokidebulebisa da
yuradRebisTvis, siTbosa da dafasebisTvis, rasac Cven-
Si xedavda _ maswavleblis mimarT rom vavlendiT
(sxvaTa Soris, mSoblis Semdeg maswavlebeli CvenTvis
73
iyo yvelaferi, pirvel informacias skolaSi misgan
vismendiT). damSvidda, amoisunTqa, kidev erTxel Tbili
sityvebiT madloba gamoxata, Cagvexuta, gulze migvik-
ra, mogvefera sakuTari SvilebiviT da ganagrZo sauba-
ri Cvens mier dasmuli Tu dasazustebeli kiTxvis pasu-
xad Tavidan fexis terfamde kmayofilma maswavlebelma.
es iseTi saintereso epizodi iyo da aseTi didaqtikuri
scena gaTamaSda, Cvenda uneburad, amas namdvilad ar
velodiT. iseTi STabeWdileba Segveqmna, ena ver amovi-
ReT maswavleblis am mimikaze. mis TvalebSi Camdgarma
cremlebma Cvenc dagvatyveva da, albaT, ubralo mkiTx-
velisTvis Znelad warmosadgenia es momenti. Cvenc
cremlebi Cagvidga TvalebSi. _ `didi madloba, axal-
gazrdebo!~ _ gaimeora maswavlebelma, mixaria da imedi
maqvs, Tu gaizrdeba aseTi Taoba (da unda gaizardos),
rogoric Tqven xarT, darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelo
marad iqneba...
rogorc iqna, emociuri grZnobebi movTokeT mas-
wavlebelmac da misma moswavleebmac. Cvenma didostat-
ma ganagrZo saubari: `biWebo, mTavari saTqmeli, ramac
me amaforiaqa, dagvrCa. axla davubruneT `meWibone
xusein bajeliZes~ _ Tqveni wakiTxuli werili mamaCems
ar exeba. is ar iyo Cemi mama. meWibone xuseini Cemi biZa
iyo. es saxelebis ubralo damTxvevaa. mamaCemis biZa-
Svili me biZad mxvdeba. is iyo xuSutis Ze, mamaCemi me-
medis Ze. ise ki is virtuozulad, originalurad uk-
ravda Wibonzec da sxva instrumentebzec. simRerasac
ayolebda. CvenSi aRiarebuli meWibone iyo. uyvarda xe-
lovneba. Tqveni ki ar mikvirs, bevri sxvac mekiTxeboda
amis Taobaze. ra Tqma unda, kargi kaci iyo, uyvarda
xalxs, pativs scemda mas. xelovnebaTmcodneebi bevr-
jer werdnen mis Sesaxebac. aqve dagvisaxela guguli
74
gabisonias wigni `sagundo xelovnebis moamageni~ (ba-
Tumi, 1974). wignis me-19-20 gverdebi maszea daTmobili.
awi daimaxsovreT misi (e.i. mamis) biZaSvili Cemi biZac
iyo da aRiarebuli, ara marto biZaSvilebSi, bajeliZe-
ebSi, aramed mTel sofelSi, qobuleTSi. xelovnebis
muSakTa Sorisac. raki Cems Sinaur pirovnebas aseTi yu-
radRebiT moekideT, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, Cemi biZa iyo
Tu mamis biZaSvili, me madlobas mogaxsenebT xelo-
vanisa da xelovnebisadmi aseTi gatacebuli siyvaru-
lisaTvis...~
xusia (xusein) bajeliZe popularuli pirovneba yo-
fila ara marto bajeliZeebSi Tu xucubanSi, aramed
qobuleTSi da aWaris farglebs gareTac. amaze metyve-
lebs masze Seqmnili leqsi `xalxuri meCongure~.
`bajeliZes vin ar icnobs, saxelad hqvia xusia,
xelSi Conguri uWiravs, yvelaze ukeTesia,
ise xucdeba mgosani, cudi ar dauTesia.
meleqseobs maRali xmiT, meCongureTa wesia,
bajeliZe, Tqven icocxleT, Cven viqnebiT moxaruli,
nametani kargi rom xar, amxanagis moyvaruli~.
cnobili patriotis, xalxuri mTqmelis _ xasanTxilaiSvilis leqsSi vkiTxulobT:
`qobuleTSi saamayo xusia bajeliZea,
gvicocxlos RmerTma, zrdilobiT kargi kaci,
orgulebis mimarT ki metad serTi~ (mkacri – avt.).
xusein bajeliZe leqsebs Tavadac igonebda da am-
Rerebda kidevac (samwuxarod, misi yvela leqsi da
simRera Cvenamde moRweuli araa).
75
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi brma iyo, ver xedavda,
xucubanSi aRiarebuli xalxuri mTqmeli da meWibone _
meCongure kaci, imednad sayvareli adamiani iyo, rom
xalxSi zedmetad `brma xusia~-s saxeliT aravin mimar-
Tavda, yvela dagisaxelebda, rogorc `meCongure~ an
`meWibone~ xusias.
kidev erTi, magram, Cveni azriT, daujerebeli faqti
am qebuli adamianis Sesaxeb. 1938 wels TbilisSi gamo-
cemul a. xinTibiZis wignSi `guruli firalebi~ CamoT-
vlilia kowia cecxlaZe, prokofi Wyonia, goga lomja-
ria, xusein (xusia) bajeliZe da sxvebi.
vis gaugonia brma kaci da firali? amas xom komen-
tari ar sWirdeba, anda, xelovan kacs ra afiralebda?
ai, rogori ded-mama, naTesaoba hyavda skender baje-
liZes. gasagebia isic, Tu rogor gaizrdeboda igi ase-
Ti mzurnveli da swavlamowyurebuli, magram am mxriv
ocnebaauxdenebeli mSoblebis xelSi. ra Tqma unda,
mSoblebma, didi survilis miuxedavad, skolis ararse-
boba da cxovrebis mZime pirobebis gamo, ver iswavles,
magram amiT guli ar aucruebiaT. samagierod, mTeli
energia, Sroma da jafa moandomes Svilebis normalu-
rad aRzrda-ganaTlebas, Rirseul moqalaqeebad Camoya-
libebas. amaSi xedavdnen isini Svilebis karg momaval-
sa da bednierebas. es iqneboda maTi sicocxlis gagrZe-
lebac da TavsiTavad maTi (mSoblebis) gaxarebac.
swavla-ganaTlebiT dainteresebuli, metad mowadi-
nebuli dauokebeli surviliT gaJRenTili mSoblebis
xelSi gaatara ojaxis pirvelma sixarulma, patara
skenderma Tavisi bavSvoba. misi bavSvoba daemTxva ax-
ali yofa-cxovrebis damkvidrebis xanas, roca jer ki-
dev axlad imsxvreoda Zveli feodalur-Suasaukuneob-
rivi, moZvelebuli, daxavsebuli yofa da adaT-wesebi,
76
mkvidrdeboda axali urTierTobebi. gardmavali pe-
riodis aseT mZime pirobebSi uxdeboda cxovreba mo-
saxleobas.
miuxedavad siZneleebisa, ixsneboda skolebi, teqni-
kumebi, umaRlesi saswavleblebi, iqmneboda ganaTlebis
sistema, magram materialuri xelmokleobis, ugzoobis,
utransportobis gamo, yvelas xeli ar miuwvdeboda
swavla-ganaTlebis miRebaze da bevri niWieri, swavla-
mowyurebuli axalgazrdis cxovreba Semoifargleboda
mxolod dawyebiTi, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, Svidwliani
skolis damTavrebiT. cotaTi SeZlebulebi axerxebdnen
teqnikumebSi Sesvlas, an sxva qalaqebis umaRles saswa-
vleblebSi swavlis gagrZelebas, radgan, 1935 wlamde
baTumSi umaRlesi saswavlebeli, instituti ar arseb-
obda, manamde mis funqcias asrulebda pedagogiuri sa-
swavlebeli, romelsac masze dakisrebuli funqciis ga-
mo, ewodeboda aWaristanis pedagogiuri saswavlebeli.
1935 wels mis bazaze gaixsna baTumis samaswavleblo
instituti, umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli kera aWaraSi.
patara skenderi laRad izrdeboda dedis `iavnana-
Ti~ da mamis alersiTa da mzrunvelobiT.
$2. bavSvoba
dRe-dReze izrdeboda patara, ojaxis imedi, nugeSi
da momavali _ qveynad movlenili skenderi. mSoblebs
didad axarebda Cvilis Taviseburi metyveleba _ bur-
dRuni, xelebis qneva, Rimili, zogjer mSoblebis, gan-
sakuTrebiT dedis gamafrTxilebeli, lamazi tirili _
momxedeT, momefereTo. Sinaganad uxaroda ded-mamas.
77
arafers vambobT, da warmoidgineT, ra dReSi iqnebod-
nen meriem bebia da xusein babua, romelTa siyvaruli
Svilebisadmi gaizarda, gaZlierda SviliSvilebisadmi
siyvaruliTac. pirveli Svili, pirveli SviliSvili
xom marTlac eniT uTqmeli sixarulia, warmoudgen-
lad, uzado siyvarulia ojaxSi, gana marto imitom,
rom axali wevri Seemata ojaxs, sofels, raions, kuT-
xes, qveyanas, Tundac planetas, aramed, agreTve, imiTac,
rom ojaxSi axali naTesauri urTierTobis aRmniSvne-
li axali leqsikac gaCnda: `deda~, `mama~, `bebia~, `ba-
bua~, `ZmisSvili~, `disSvili~, `biZaSvili~, `deidaSvi-
li~ da vin CamoTvlis kidev ramdeni ram.
ai, raoden sixaruli, siuxve, simdidre da bed-
niereba Tan moaqvs `saaqaoSi~ axalmosuls TiToeul
ojaxSi (RmerTma aravis moaklos es sixaruli da bed-
niereba sakuTar ojaxSi). Svilis, gansakuTrebiT, pir-
veli Svilis da, Tu vinicobaa, gvaris gamgrZelebelia,
miT ufro, dResaswaulia, ara marto ojaxSi, mTel
gvarSic. axalSobili yvelas uxaria, magram bevrjer
gaucnobierebelia am sixarulis Tu siyvarulis arsi
da Sinaarsi, Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi (cnobieria Tu
gaucnobierebeli) es momenti mudam sixarulis momgvre-
lia. Tu Svili normalurad gaizrdeba da winaparTa
STamomavlobaSi Rirseul adgils daimkvidrebs, aseTi
Svilis dabadeba marTlac auwereli bednierebaa Tavi-
dan bolomde, magram Tu, cudi aRzrdis Sedegad, Svili
gzas acda, ar gahvya mama-papaTa naTel kvals, maSin
aseTi Svilis dabadebiT gamowveuli sixaruli dRen-
aklia, male ubedurebad Seicvleba. gzasacdenili Svi-
li mSoblebs mis sicocxleSi klavs Tavisi avi zrax-
vebiT Tu boroti saqcieliT. aseTze ityvian `Sens nacv-
lad qva gaCeniliyo, xom ajobebda, Robes gavakeTeb-
78
dio.~ RmerTma yvela mSobeli daifaros aseTi ubedu-
rebisgan. ratom xdeba ase? aseT ubedurebas mravali
faqtori ganapirobebs. es sxva sasaubro Temaa, magram
raki mSoblebze Camovarda saubari, erTs vityviT, rom,
Cveni azriT, am ubedurebis upirvelesi mizezi cudi,
zomierebas moklebuli aRzrdaa.
amitom aseT mSoblebs gvinda vurCioT, rom Svilis
aRzrdaSi da saerTod cxovrebaSi mTavaria z o m i e-
r e b a. berZeni filosofosebi codnaTa Soris yvela-
ze did codnad swored zomierebis grZnobas miiCnevd-
nen, rac savsebiT sworia da gasaTvaliswinebeli adami-
anis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, Tavisi saqmianobis yvela
sferoSi, yovelnair moqmedebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare,
SegaxsenebT, sparsul-tajikur-arabuli literaturis
klasikosi poetis m. saadis rCevas Cveni perifraziT,
rom zedmeti simkacre, risxva Svilebisadmi SiSsiwvevs, uzomod zemdeti fereba ki Svilis TvalSi Sen-dami pativiscemas amcirebs. nu iqnebi imdenad mkacri,rom yvelas Tavi moabezro da imdenad lmobieri, romgeTavxedon.
Cveni azriT, vinc Svils am Segonebis gaTvaliswine-biT gazrdis, gverwmuneT, ubedurebas Tavidan aicilebsda bolomde bednieri iqneba mSobel-Svilur urTier-TobaSi.
kargi mSoblebis _ qalbatoni meriemis da batoni
xuseinis _ ojaxSi patara skenderi da momdevno 5 Svi-
li sworedac am zomierebiT izrdeboda. isini qarTuli
tradiciebis, samSoblos erTgulebisa da mSoblebisad-
mi pativiscemis, ufros-umcrosobis aRiarebuli wesebis
dacvis suliskveTebiT zrdidnen Svilebs, razedac mi-
uTiTebs TiToeuli maTganis gavlili gza, maTi Rir-
seuli ojaxebi. aseT Tbil garemoSi patara skenderi
79
dRe-dReze izrdeboda, male ena amoidga, TamaSi daiwyo
Tanatol gogo-biWebTan. ai, rogor igonebs skenderis
bavSvobis wlebs misi biZaSvili xasan dursunis Ze ba-
jeliZe: `mama adre gardamecvala. me xSirad xusein bi-
Zias ojaxSi viyavi, skenderTan erTad vTamaSobdi.
bavSvoba erTad gavatareT. biZaSvilebidan yvelaze ax-
los viyavi skenderTan. igi iyo metad wesieri, Tavazi-
ani, dinji, mSoblebis moyvaruli da damjeri. arasd-
ros ar wageCxubeboda, yovelTvis mxarSi medga. skola-
Sic pirvel klasSi erTad mivediT da jarSic erTad
gagviwvies. jaridan dabrunebis Semdegac erTmaneTTan
axlos viyaviT. marTalia, is maswavlebeli iyo da mu-
Saobda xulos raionSi, magram roca Camovidoda mSob-
lebTan ojaxSi, aucileblad SevxvdebodiT. bavSvobis
siyvaruli da urTierTpativiscema bolomde gamohyva,~
_ ase daaxasiaTa biZaSvilma Tanatoli skenderi, roca
igonebda masTan erTad gatarebuli bavSvobis wlebs.
$3. swavlis wlebi
mSoblebis mzrunvelobiT, babua-bebias alersiTa
da naTesav-axloblebis moferebiT, skenderis bavSvoba
male gavida. dadga skolaSi Sesvlis dro.
1928 wlis pirveli seqtemberia. Svidi wlis sken-
ders dedam Caacva, daaxura, moamzada pirvel klasSi
wasasvlelad, mamam ki didi sixaruliTa da siamayiT
miiyvana skolaSi. patara skenderi mSobliuri, dawyebi-
Ti skolis pirveli klasis moswavled Caricxes. male
SeeCvia igi skolas, amxanagebs, maswavleblebs. Seiyvara
wigni, skola, maswavlebeli, davalebebs droulad as-
80
rulebda, TamaSsac aswrebda. gaiara winasaanbano peri-
odi, eziara iakob gogebaSvilis `dedaenis~ siTbosa da
xibls. maSin, ra Tqma unda, ver acnobierebda, vin iyo
didi iakobi, magram uxaroda, rom misi wigniT iswavla
qarTul, mSobliur enaze wera-kiTxva. patara biWunas
swavla ar uWirda, klasidan klasSi gadadioda daubr-
koleblad. `friadosani ar viyavi, magram swavla ar
miWirdao~, - igonebda igi CvenTan saubarSi.
xucubani didi sofeli iyo. dawyebiTi skolis ba-
zaze gaixsna jer Svidwliani, Semdeg saSualo skola
da skendermac aqve bolomde gaagrZela swavla.
1938 wels skenderma daamTavra xucubnis saSualo
skola da imave wels moewyo baTumis #1 pedagogiur
saswavlebelSi, romlis bazaze 1935 wels Seiqmna ba-
Tumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis orwliani samaswav-
leblo instituti. 1945 wels igi gadakeTda oTxwlian
saxelmwifo pedagogiur institutad, 1990 wels ki ba-
Tumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo uni-
versitetad. mogvianebiT, saxelwodebidan qalaqis dasa-
xeleba amoiRes da ewoda `SoTa rusTavelis saxel-
mwifo universiteti~ (gaugebaria, ra gamarTleba hqonda
saswavleblis saxelwodebidan qalaqis saxelis anu-
lirebas?) es Secdoma gasworda, magram bolomde ara.
es saswavlebeli rusTavelma ki ar Seqmna, aramed misi
saxelobisaa. amitom unda iyos SoTa rusTavelis sax-elobis (avt.) baTumis saxelmwifo universiteti.
pedagogiuri saswavleblis direqtorad im dros
muSaobda cnobili pedagogi da aRiarebuli organiza-
tori nikoloz lorTqifaniZe, romelic, samwuxarod,
1937 wlis represiebma Seiwira. skenders saswavlebelSi
aswavlidnen mcodne, kvalificiuri, samSoblosaTvis
Tavdadebuli pedgogebi: aleqsandre CimakaZe, vukol
81
iaSvili, ilia Rlonti, nadim niJaraZe, nadia jibuti,
straton ToTibaZe, natalia Jordania, irakli nakaiZe,
ilia gogitiZe, qeTevan alasania, zina gogoliSvili,
meliton kuxianiZe, daviT WeiSvili, givi nioraZe da
sxvebi. masTan erTad saswavlebelSi swavlobdnen Tan-
atolebi: oTar da haidar faRavebi, guguli beriZe, re-
sul gogitiZe, emine maxaraZe, griSa cxoiZe da bevri
sxva.
batoni skenderi didi madlierebiT igonebda am
saswavlebelSi swavlis wlebs, kmayofilebas gamoT-
qvamda maswavleblebis mimarT. moxibluli iyo direq-
toris pirovnebiT da didi ridic hqonda mis mimarT.
1941 wlis 18 ivniss daamTavra pedagogiuri saswav-
lebeli da miiRo dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblis
kvalifikacia. fiqrobda erTxans skolaSi muSaobas,
SeiZenda SromiT gamocdilebas, daagrovebda cotaoden
fulsac, rac ojaxs gamoadgeboda, mamas daexmareboda,
Semdeg ki surda swavlis gagrZeleba umaRles saswav-
lebelSi da kvalifikaciis amaRleba.
skenderis Canafiqri gonivruli iyo, magram mou-
lodnelma SemTxvevam misi cxovrebis gzac Secvala.
1941 wlis 21 ivniss saswavleblis kursdamTavrebu-
lebs gamoSvebis saRamo hqondaT, romelsac eswrebod-
nen saswavleblis direqtori, pedagogebi, mSoblebi,
kursdamTavrebulebi. ismeboda sadRegrZeloebi, madlo-
bas eubnebodnen aRmzrdel-pedagogebs, mSoblebs, adi-
des samSoblo, romlis samsaxurs male Seudgebodnen.
uxarodaT axalgazrdebs saswavleblis damTavreba,
diplomebiT axali cxovrebis dawyebis molodinSi rom
iyvnen. cota dro gavida, dailia araerTi sasmisi, Rvi-
nom Tavisi Tqva. amas mohyva simRerebi, cekvebi, saRamom
zeimis xasiaTi miiRo. Sexvedra gvian Ramemde gagrZel-
82
da. Semdeg daemSvidobes da gaaciles maswavleblebi,
mere erTmaneTs daemSvidobnen, dauloces gzebi da
Tvalcremlianni dabrundnen ojaxebSi. magram es crem-
lebi iyo sixarulis, daSorebiT gamowveuli sinanulis
da ara ubedurebis an raime mwuxarebis.
male gaTenda 22 ivnisi _ metad mZime da Semzaravi
ambis informaciiT. am dRes faSisturi germania muxana-
Turad Tavs daesxa sabWoTa kavSirs. mTeli qveyana fex-
ze dadga. daiwyo didi samamulo omi.
$4. cxovrebis mZime wlebi
faSistur germanias win aRudga mTeli sabWoTa
xalxi ioseb stalinis meTaurobiT. sabWoTa mTavrobis
gadawyvetilebiT, Catarda mosaxleobis sayovelTao-
savaldebulo mobilizcia. qudze kaci fexze dadga.
saarqivo masalebidan, presis furclebidan, saTanado
wignebidan cnobilia, rom sayovelTao mobilizaciis
oficialurad gamocxadebamde, bevr raionSi axalgazr-
doba cxaddeboda samxedro komisariatebSi da ewere-
boda moxaliseTa rigebSi. am mxriv arc qobuleTis
raioni iyo gamonaklisi. mobilizaciis oficialurad
gamocxadebisTanave 100-mde axalgazrdam gamoTqva sur-
vili moxalised wasvlaze.1 rogorc zemoT iTqva, did
samamulo omis wlebSi faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
monawileobda qobuleTis raionidan 5800 kaci, maTgan
dabrunda 1550 mebrZoli. am raionidan Caqvis Semdeg
yvelaze meti xucubnis sasoflo sabWodan 1289 moqa-
1 saqarTvelos prezidentis arqivi, f. 14, aRw. 1, saq. 1676, furc.42.
83
laqe wavida frontze mterTan sabrZolvelad.1 maT So-
ris iyo skender bajeliZec. 1942 wlis 26 ianvars igi,
sxva TanatolebTan erTad, baTumis samxedro komisari-
atidan gaaciles jarSi. skenderi q. moskovSi Cavida,
mere gagzavnes q. podolskSi da Caricxes Sinagan saq-
meTa saxalxo komisariatis specdaniSnulebis SenaerT-
Si, romelic podolskis samxedro saWurvlis damam-
zadebel qarxanas icavda, iqidan _ Crdilo kavkasiaSi,
Semdeg stavropolSi gadaiyvanes. masTan erTad ib-
rZodnen mtris winaaRmdeg baTumeli valiko uCaneiS-
vili, miSa janaSvili, xaburzania, gabelia, miSa xunda-
Ze; manglisidan: jmuxaZe, TeqeTaSvili, TaqTaqiSvili,
wiklauri da sxvebi.
1942 wlis 3 agvistos germaneli faSistebi stavro-
polSi SeiWrnen. pirvel brZolebSi aqtiuri moqmedebi-
sa da gambedaobisTvis skender bajeliZem ordenic ki
daimsaxura (ordenis miRebamde nawili, romelSic sken-
deri iricxeboda, alyaSi moxvda da igi tyved aiyvanes,
magram ordenis gadacema moxda omis damTavrebis Sem-
deg). ai, rogor aRwers am process omgadaxdili:
`erT-erT brZolaSi mterma Cveni poziciebi dabomba
da didi ZaliT Semogvitia. Wirda gamklaveba. amasobaSi
tyvia-wamalic Semogvelia, maSveli Zalac ar Canda.
polkis meTauri daiRupa. misi magivroba axalgazrda
ufrosma leitenantma ikisra. _ ukan unda davixioT,
sxva gamosavali ar aris, mters aravin danebdes! _ mog-
vmarTa man. magram es SeuZlebeli gaxda, radgan mters
ukve alyaSi moeqcia is nawili, romelSic ibrZoda
skender bajeliZe.
1 r. arTmelaZe, samSoblos saxelovani Svilebi, baTumi, 1972, gv.213 (rus. enaze).
84
ase Seicvala samSoblos dasacavad wasuli skender
bajeliZisa da sxvaTa cxovrebis mZime gza. iyo tyveoba,
SiSi, SimSili, gaWirveba, samSobloze fiqri, tyveobi-
dan Tavis dasawRevad gaqcevis ramdenime cda, gaqceva
da isev Cavardna. ai, iqidan daiwyo misi cxovrebis
tragikuli periodi, sulieri da fizikuri wamebis
gaWianurebuli wlebi. bedukuRmarTobam mas arguna do-
nis rostovis, bataiskis, taganrogis, mariupolis, dne-
propetrovskis cixeebSi da sakoncentracio banakebSi
yofna. `yovelive amis miuxedavad, arasdros mifiqria
samSoblos Ralati, yovelTvis imedi mqonda, rom mteri
damarcxdeboda. am imediT vitandiT aTas gasaWirs,
tanjvasa da wvalebas~, _ igonebda veterani.
tyveobaSi skenderi Sexvda baTumis pedagogiuri in-
stitutis istoriis fakultetis kursdamTavrebul mi-
xeil jaSs, mezoblebs xucubnidan _ zia memedis Ze
TxilaiSvilsa da suleiman axmedis Ze oqropiriZes.
germanelebi tyveebs amuSavebdnen rkinigzis xazebisa
da dangreuli xidebis aRdgenaze. isini ramdenime aTas-
ni iyvnen sxvadasxva qveynidan.
1942 wlis bolos sabWoTa tyveebi gadaiyvanes mari-
upolSi, Semdeg dnepropetrovskSi. 1943 wlis Semod-
gomaze moxvdnen prusiasa da poloneTSi. aq banakSi maT
avstrieli, ingliseli da frangi tyveebic SeuerTes.
Semdeg aqedan isini daniisken waiyvanes. `erT-erT nav-
sadgurSi gaqceva vcadeT, _ igonebs tyvedyofili, _
magram metad mkacri kontrolis pirobebSi ver movaxer-
xeT.~ erT navsadgurSi gemi gaCerda. daiwyes germane-
lebis katerebiT tyveebis napirze gadayvana. skenderma
rogorRac moaxerxa katerze asvla da amxanagebTan er-
Tad napirze gadavida. es iyo daniis axlos kunZul
85
redbuzeze, magram amas mohyva isev sakoncentracio
banki, isev tanjva da wameba.
Semdeg skenderi gadaiyvanes q. odenzeSi, sadac sab-
WoTa tyveebis Semkrebi punqti iyo. ra Tqma unda, mas
tyveobaSi aqac bevri wvaleba da wameba gadaxda Tavs.
amasTan, gamoCndnen keTili danieli adamianebi, rom-
lebic tyveebs daxmarebis xels uwvdidnen, apurebdnen,
xandaxan tansacmliTac mosavdnen. yovelive am mowya-
lebas batoni skenderi SiSiT da eWviT uyurebda, ma-
gram tyveTa bedi aiZulebda zogjer uari ar eTqva
mowyalebaze. aseT keTil adamianad mas bolomde ax-
sovda luis uge, romelic didi humanurobiT epyrobo-
da tyveebs da materialuradac exmareboda maT.
`1945 wlis maisSi, _ hyveba veterani, _ CvenTan mo-
vidnen iatakqveSeli danieli patriotebi da omis war-
matebiT damTavreba gvaxares. am dros iq qarTvelTagan
aravin iyo, arc saqarTveloze vicodi araferi. gavige,
rom mkacr pasuxs sTxovdnen yofil tyveebs, magram Cven
xom samSoblosTvis ar gviRalatia.~
da mainc, ra bedi elodaT samSobloSi dabrune-
bulT, aravin icoda. maT (tyveebs) sTavazobdnen ucx-
oeTSi darCenas. `neta, ras ar gvpirdebodnen? rogor
movqceuliyavi, davrCeniliyavi ucxoeTSi? _ xSirad
aseT kiTxvas vusvamdi Tavis Tavs, _ ambobs tyveobaga-
movilili veterani. _ ara! iyo mkacri pasuxi gulSi.
sakuTari qveynis, samSoblos siyvaruli ar masvenebda,
ucxoeTSi darCenili sul tyveobaSi, usamSoblod unda
vyofiliyavi, dabrunebuli ki...~ yvelafris miuxedavad,
batonma skenderma mainc Tavis mamulSi yofna irCia.
gulSi idumalad imeorebda rafiel erisTavis striqo-
nebs da mtkiced swamda, rom:
samSoblo dedis ZuZui, ar gaicvlebis sxvazeda,
86
oriv tkbilia, Zmobilo, mirCevnis, orsav Tvalzeda,rogorc ufali, samSobloc, erTia qveyanazeda..~
poetis gulSi Camwvdomi patriotuli striqonebi
skender maswavleblisTvis fici gaxda.
`mjeroda, rom marTal kacs ar gamwiravdnen~, _
ambobda igi da asec moxda sinamdvileSi.
omis damTavrebis Semdeg sabWoTa sazRvarTan spe-
cialur tyveTa Semkreb punqtSi skenderma gaiara mkac-
ri `safiltracio Semowmeba~. amis Semdeg igi Caricxes
sabWoTa armiis rigebSi. samxedro samsaxuri gaagrZela
omis Semdegac.
mTels xucubanSi icodnen, rom skenderi ugzo-ukv-
lod daikarga frontze. daitires kidec. mSoblebi,
naTesavebi, axloblebi guls ijerebdnen imiT, rom maTi
Svili Tu naTesavi samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis
brZolas Seewira, magram es ra SeRavaTi iyo mSoblis-
Tvis...
madloba RmerTs, es informacia yalbi aRmoCnda.
1946 wels skender bajeliZe moulodnelad dabrunda
ojaxSi. es iyo saswaulebrivi cis gaxsna mSoblebisaT-
vis, naTesav-axloblebisaTvis. gaixares. moisiyvarules.
yvela pativs scemda. erTxans daisvena kidec, male
momjobinda, tyveobis stresi uneldeboda, magram ar
exsneboda...
87
$5. cxovrebis karnaxiT gza umaRlesisken
omi damTavrda. xalxma amoisunTqa. qveyana Seudga
omiT gamowveuli kolosaluri zaralis aRsadgenad Tu
miyenebuli Wrilobebis mosaSuSeblad mSvidobian Sro-
mas.
frontidan dabrunebulma skenderma mcire xans da-
isvena, Seryeuli janmrTeloba gaiumjobesa, magram
omis mZime wlebis saSinelebaTa mogoneba ar asvenebda.
baton skenders, samSoblos winaSe valmoxdils,
sakmao profesiul ganaTlebamiRebuls omis Semdeg
SeeZlo daewyo muSaoba dawyebiTi klasebis maswavle-
blad, mSobliur sofelSi Tu ara raionis axlomaxlo
romelime sofelSi mainc. amaSi, cxadia, aravin da ara-
feri uSlida xels. mSoblebs ki uxarodaT, rom ganaT-
lebiT pedagogi Svili hyavdaT, muSaobas daiwyebs da
ojaxs garkveulad daexmarebao. es survili aki masac
hqonda pedsaswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg da ramde-
nime wlis muSaobis Semdeg ganagrZobda swavlas umaR-
les saswavlebelSi.
magram amjerad ifiqra, barem umaRles ganaTlebas
miviReb da mere daviwyeb muSaobaso. mSoblebic dae-
Tanxmnen omgadaxdil Svils, vin icis, Semdeg ra moxde-
bao. am gadawyvetilebiT Seudga umaRles saswavlebel-
Si Casabarebeli gamocdebisTvis momzadebas, parale-
lurad mamas exmareboda saojaxo saqmeebSi.
1948 wels Caabara misaRebi gamocdebi da baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri
institutis geografiis fakultetis pirveli kursis
studenti gaxda. institutSi leqciebs ukiTxavdnen
cnobili leqtor-maswavleblebi: geografiis kaTedris
gamge nadim niJaraZe, wevrebi: aleqsandre javaxiSvili,
88
kvirosi kvasxvaZe, nadia jibuti, giorgi CxaiZe, platon
mgalobliSvili, vldimer qemxaZe, vladimer norakiZe,
qeTevan alasania, memed stamboloSvili, vukol iaSvi-
li, grigol babiloZe, parmen pataraia, vladimer Wan-
turia, zina gogoliSvili, jemal noRaideli da sxvebi.
skenderi geografias interesiT swavlobda, ramdenadac
bevri qveyana movlili hqonda da misTvis bevri ram
nacnobi iyo, rac interess swavlisadmi ufro aRuZrav-
da da uZlierebda.
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis pedagogiuriinstitutis geografiis fakultetis 1952 w. kurs-damTavrebulTa saiubileo Sexvedra 30 wlisTavze
(1982 w. 28 ivnisi)
suraTze: skender bajeliZe - ukana rigSi marjvnidanpirveli, zis (SuaSi) _ leqtori, geografiis mecnierebaTakandidati, docenti nadia jibuti
89
durie veruliZe
skenderTan erTad swavlobdnen zurab komaxiZe, emi-
ne maxaraZe, mixeil jaSi da sxvebi.
1948 weli skender bajeliZi-
saTvis fexbednieri iyo. jer erTi,
am wels studenti gaxda. meore,
studentobis momdevno wels ojaxi
Seqmna _ Tavisi bedi daukavSira da
momavali cxovrebis uRalato me-
gobrad airCia Tanasofleli, cno-
bili pirovnebis dursun veruliZis
qaliSvili duriko. male qorwilic
gadaixades. ase Seiqmna axali pata-
ra ojaxi xusein bajeliZis did,
fuZe ojaxSi. mesamec is iyo, rom studentobis dros,
1950 wels axalSeqmnil ojaxSi qaliSvili gaCnda. mas
JuJuna daarqves Semdgom pirvel Svils meore _ eTeri
da mesame _ liana mohyvnen. ase ganedlda didi Tu
patara ojaxi.
marTalia, swavla da ojaxi _ orive cal-calke
mZime tvirTia, erTad aRebuli ki warmoudgenlad umZi-
mesi. kargi meuRlis TanadgomiT, mzrunveli mSoblebis
xelSewyobiT skenders swavlaSi xeli ar SeSlia. 1952
wels daamTavra umaRlesi saswavlebeli, aimaRla pro-
fesiuli ostatoba da gaxda saSualo skolis geo-
grafiis diplomiani maswavlebeli. ha, burTi da moeda-
ni, sadac ginda imuSave, miT ufro aWara, gansakuT-
rebiT misi mTiani raionebi, maswavlebelTa kadrebis
naklebobas ganicdidnen.
amrigad, 1948-1952 wlebi axalbeda, damwyebi, ukve
diplomiani, maswavleblis cxovrebaSi uaRresad Rirs-
SesaniSnavi periodi iyo: studentoba, bednierebis mom-
tani ojaxis Seqmna, Svilebi, maTiT gamowveuli axali
90
sixaruli, umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba, diplomi da
pedagogiuri saqmianobis dawyeba _ yvelferi is, rasac
natrobda axalgazrda, omgadaxdili skenderi, yvela-
feri kargad, warmatebiT auxda. momaval cxovrebaSi
mwvane Suqi aenTo.
$6. muSaoba aWaris `ucnob~ mTianeTSi
rogorc iTqva, batonma skenderma 1952 wels daam-
Tavra baTumis saxelmwifo pedinstituti da gaxda geo-
grafiis maswavlebeli. kursdamTavrebulTa gamana-
wilebelma komisiam, romelSic Sediodnen institutis
reqtori, fakultetis dekanebi, sazogadoebrivi organ-
izaciebis xelmZRvanelebi, aWaris ganaTlebis ministri,
q. baTumisa da aWaris raionebis ganaTlebis ganyofi-
lebaTa gamgeebi, skender bajeliZe gaanawilა aWaris
mTianeTSi, misTvis jer kidev ucnob xulos raionis
xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi. gaformda ministris brZa-
neba (# 85,1952, 26 agvisto), romliTac dainiSna aRniS-
nuli skolis geografiis maswavleblad.
mZime pirobebi iyo maSin, qveyana omis Wrilobebs
iSuSebda. jer kidev iyo siZneleebi, ugzooba, utrans-
portoba. avtobusi dadioda q. baTumidan mxolod xu-
los raionul centramde, zamleTidan xixaZiramde ki 35
km fexiT unda evloT. SemTxveviT Tu Segxvdeboda rai-
me satvirTo manqana, didi bedniereba iyo.
`respublikuri saaavadmyofos iqiT gza saiT midi-
oda, ar vicodi. sabWoTa kavSirisa da evropis didi
nawili moviare, omi gadavitane da aWariswylis xeobaSi
ar vyofilvar, ar vicodi, sad mivdiodi, vin damxvde-
boda, sastumro, bina safiqrali mqonda. problema xom
91
ar Semeqmneba-meTqi, _ sul amaze vfiqrobdi~, _ didi
gancdiT ambobs gamocdili maswavlebeli Tavisi muSao-
bis dawyebis periodze, pirveli mgzavrobis STabeWd-
ilebebze. mogvianebiT, xixaZirSi didxans nayofierad
muSaobis Semdeg, xixaZirsa da sxalTa-xixanis stumarT-
moyvare mosaxleobaze, maTgan gancdil siTbosa da siy-
varulze yovelTvis didi siamayiT saubrobda amagdari
maswavlebeli, batoni skenderi (amis Sesaxeb naxavT
qvemoT).
axalgazrda, jan-RoniT savse pedagogi pirveli
daemSvidoba mSoblebs, ojaxs, Cavida baTumSi, SeiZina
samgzavro bileTi da gaswia misTvis jer kidev ucnobi
mxarisken. karg kacs RmerTi ar gaswiravso, – naTqvamia
da baton skenders avtosadgurSi, avtobusis gasvlamde
Sexvda erTi nacnobi Tu axlobeli pirovneba, romel-
mac icoda xuloc da xixaZiric. man Tavisi damai-
medebeli saubriT gaamxiarula, daamSvida. mgzavroba
Znelia, transportis naklebobis gamo, magram, samagi-
erod, iq kargi xalxia, gadagyvebian, stumari uyvarT.
Sen, miT umetes, midixar saxelmwifo mivlinebiT, unda
emsaxuro, maT Svilebs unda aswavlo. Sen Tavdajere-
buli, Tavmdabali iyavi da isini migiReben, rogorc
Sinaurs. axval Tu ara xixaZirSi, maSinve darwmundebi
amaSio, _ gaamxneva Tanamosaubrem. bolos ki daatana, iq
cxovrobs erTi metad kargi kaci, sergo jaiani, isicmaswavlebelia, moikiTxe da yvelaferSi dagexmarebao.
axalbeda skender maswavlebels cotaTi gulze moeSva,
kargi kaci eguleba sofelSi, sadac TviTon midis, Ra-
mes gaaTevinebs, meore dRes skolaSi rom miva, di-
reqtori daudgeba gverdSi. am imediT madloba uTxra
Tanamosaubres, mSvidobiani mgzavroba usurva imanac,
dauloca samsaxuric da daSordnen. Rrmad Cafiqrebu-
92
li skender maswavlebeli, sxva uamrav mgzavrTan erTd,
Cajda avtobusSi, daiZra usulo `raSi~, axalbeda mas-
wavlebeli gaudga gzas xixaZirisken. is zamleTSi unda
Camosuliyo da xelmarjvniv unda gahyoloda sxalTis
xeobisken, sofel xixaZiris gzas, magram, radgan
pirvelad mgzavrobda am mxares, zamleTSi Camosvlis
nacvlad, xulos raionul centrSi aRmoCnda. sxva ra
gza hqonda. moikiTxa ganaTlebis ganyofileba da gan-
yofilebis gamges _ levan beriZes warudgina Tavisi
sagzuri, ministis brZaneba.
gamgem yuraRdebiT miiRo axali maswavlebeli,
gaecno da bolos uTxra: _ dRes gvianaa, xixaZirSi ver
aaRwev, aq sastumro aris, Ramis gaTeva ar gagiWirdeba,
xval diliT ki avtobuss gahyevi zamleTamde da iqidan
waxval xixaZirSio, _ urCia gamgem.
meore dRes, diliT, batoni skenderi gaudga gzas
raionuli centridan xixaZirisken. zamleTidan igi,
ramdenime sxva maswavlebelTan erTad, fexiT gaudga 35
km-ian gzas. gaiares furtio, sxalTa, kvatia, fuSru-
kauli da bolos mividnen `nanatr~ xixaZirSi. ukve mo-
saRamoebuliyo, binddeboda. soflis centrSi, `xi-
disTavze~, ramdenime kaci iyo. gauxarda soflis axal,
Tu pirvel stumars. miesalma, _ ras SvrebiT, rogor
xarT, megobrebo? _ Zveli nacnobiviT gamokiTxa da
dauwyo tkbili saubari sakmaod grZel gzagamovlilma
da sakmarisze metad daRlilma stumarma. saintereso
saubari gaimarTa stumarsa da maspinZlebs Soris. es
xom sazRvrispira sasoflo sabWos centri iyo. iqve
axlos mesazRvreTa samxedro nawili _ komendatura
funcionirebda. mosaxleoba Zalian fxizlobda, ro-
gorc usamxreebo mesazRvreni, miT umetes, mosuli stu-
mari, marTalia, Tbilad da tkbilad laparkobda, ma-
93
sergo jaiani
gram aravisTvis nacnobi ar iyo. maspinZlebic Tbilad
Sexvdnen maTTvis ucnob kacs, taqtianad gamokiTxes
vinaoba, ra saqmeze da visTan iyo mosuli. _ Cven xom
ver dagexmarebiTo, SeaSveles Tbili sityva. roca
gaiges, xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi maswavleblad iyo
gamogzavnili, _ dainteresdnen, Sinaurad CaTvales, _
axla daRamda, skolaSi aravinaa, skolis direqtori
xval iqnebao da Ramis gasaTevad yvela epatiJeboda
ukve gacnobil da sapatio stumars sakuTar ojaxSi.
yvelas madloba uTxra am gulTbilad miRebisTvis da
mainc irCia sergo jaianis naxva. cxadia, maspinZlebma
ar awyenines stumars da miiyvanes sergo jaianis ojax-
Si. sergo jaiani xom cnobili iyo
ara marto sofelSi, aramed sxalTa-
xixanis xeobasa da mTel raionSi. igixevisberi kaci iyo xeobaSi, pedagogi-
inteligenti, raionuli aqtivis wev-
ri. is kargad Sexvda stumars. misi
xixaZirSi ganawilebis Sesaxeb man
skolis direqtoris informaciiT uk-
ve icoda. guli guls Sexvdeba da
orives gaexardebao, naTqvamia. am ga-
moTqmisa ar iyos, orive pedagogi
iyo. maT male gamonaxes sasaubro Tema. kidev meti, ser-
gos meuRlem _ qalbatonma naTelamac stumari ZmasaviT
miiRo da qarTveli qalis kdemamosilebiT, diasaxlisis
marifaTebiT gaumaspinZlda. ra Tqma unda, daloces
stumari da misi pirveli stumroba xixanis xeobaSi,
sofel xixaZirSi, am ojaxSi, xixaZiris skolis
maswavleblad daniSvna da warmatebebi usurves pe-
dagogiur frontze. skender maswavlebelma gulTbilad
miRebisTvis didi madloba uTxra maspinZlebs, aRuTqva,
94
rom am sofelSi da ojaxSi pirveli stumroba samu-
damod dauviwyari iqneboda misTvis (da marTlac, ase
iyo bolomde _ avt.)
meore diliT, sauzmis Semdeg, stumari da maspinZe-
li erTad wavidnen skolaSi. ase dasrulda axal-
daniSnuli skender bajeliZis pirveli mgzavroba ba-
Tumidan xixaZiris saSualo skolamde. pirveli seqtem-
bridan ki daiwyo misi pedagogiuri moRvaweoba.
rogorc batoni skenderi igonebs, imxanad mTis
sofeli cud dReSi iyo. yvelafers omis kvali aCnda,
cxovreba Wirda. skolaSi adgilobrivi maswavleblebi
mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi iyvnen saSualo ganaT-
lebiT, an xulos pedagogiuri saswavlebeldamTavre-
bulni. skola dakompleqtebuli iyo ZiriTadad saqarT-
velos sxvadasxva kuTxidan movlinebuli axalgazrda
pedagogebiT, romelsac pirvel xanebSi axalgazrda di-
reqtori Tavkacobda. skolaSi saxarbielo mdgomareoba
ar iyo. maswavleblebs mZime pirobebSi uxdebodaT mu-
Saoba.
1953 wlis seqtembridan skolas dimitri xozreva-
niZe Cauyenes saTaveSi. `gadmocemiT vicodi, – igonebda
batoni skenderi, _ rom dimitri xozrevaniZe mkacri
xelmZRvaneli iyo. SemdgomSi gairkva, rom igi sim-
kacresTan erTad, metad samarTliani da momTxovni
xelmZRvaneli gaxldaT. uwinares yovlisa, momTxovni
iyo sakuTari Tavisadmi da Semdeg skolis koleqti-
visadmi. uyvarda wesrigi, disciplina, Sroma. futkariv-
iT muSa kaci iyo. bevrs smenia da bevric dawerila
xixaZiris saSualo skolis warsulSi aRiarebul war-
matebebze, misi direqtoris, aWaris damsaxurebuli
maswavleblis _ dimitri xozrevaniZis damsaxurebaze,
ara marto am kuTxis axalgazrdobis saSualo da uma-
95
dimitrixozrevaniZe(1916-1964) _
aWaris damsax-urebuli
maswavlebeli,xixaZiris saSu-alo skolisdireqtori
1953-1959 wlebSi
Rlesi ganaTlebis miRebis uzrun-
velyofaSi, aramed am xeobis kul-
turuli dawinaurebis saSvili-
Svilo saqmeSic.
udavo WeSmaritebaa, marto is
rad Rirs, rom swored aw gansven-
ebuli dimitri xozrevaniZis xel-
mZRvanelobiT, xixaZiris saSualo
skola gadaiqca saqarTvelos res-
publikis skolebs Soris erT-erT
mowinave skolad. axalgazrdoba
masobrivad daewafa swavlas ara
marto skolaSi, aramed umaRles
saswavleblebSi. misi aq muSaobis
periodSi 12 axalgazrdam skola
oqrosa da vercxlis medlebze
daamTavra. bevrma umaRlesi ga-
naTlebac miiRo. swavlis `kulti~
Seiqmna. axalgazrdobas ise Seuy-
varda umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc navardiT daRlil
irems _ wyaro ankara. yovelive miRweuli d. xoz-revaniZem Seajama da ganazogada Tavis wignSi `skolamTaSi~ (baTumi, 1958). wignSi, sxvebTan erTad, ganzoga-debulia skender bajeliZis pedagogiuri moRvaweoba. amskolaSi yovelive sasikeTo saqmianobaze, direqtorTanerTad, didi damsaxureba swored skender bajeliZesmiuZRvis.
SemTxveviTi rodi iyo is faqti, rom saswavlo na-
wilis gamge al. miqelaZe samuSaod sxva raionSi gadai-
yvanes. am Tanamdebobaze bevrma gamoTqva muSaobis sur-vili, magram skolis direqtorma arCevani baton sken-der bajeliZeze SeaCera. igi skolaSi muSaobis erTi
96
wlis Semdeg daawinaures saswavlo nawilis gamged da
6 wlis ganmavlobaSi, direqtorTan erTad, mTeli mon-
domebiT zrunavda, rogorc moswavleTa swavla-aRzr-
disTvis, aseve axalgazrda, energiuli pedagogiuri
kadrebis dainteresebisa da daxelovnebisaTvis. isini
erToblivad samSoblos uzrdidnen Rirseul patri-
otebs. amdenad, skenderi direqtoris marjvena xeli
iyo. `zogierT Cveneburs vaJbatonebs rom hkiTxo, _
werda didi pedagogi da humanisti iakob gogebaSvili,
_ yovel adamians mucliTganve Tan gamoaqvs mamuliS-
vilobao, radganac samSoblo qveynis siyvaruli yvelas
bunebiTve Tana hyveba da amitom am grZnobis aRzrdaze
zrunva ra saWiroao...~ _ akritikebs ra aseT vaJba-
tonebs, gogebaSvili ganagrZobs: `patriotoba sazo-
gadoebam da calke pirma unda danergon, aRzardon da
daayenon jerovan simaRlezed...~
skender maswavlebeli yovel aRsazrdels unergav-
da mSobliuri xalxisa da qveynis siyvaruls, pativis-
cemas yovelive imisadmi, rac, miuxedavad istoriis
bedukuRmarTobisa, Cveni kuTxis qarTvelobam sicocx-
lis fasad SeinarCuna: moyvasis gatana, sxvisi Wiris
Tavisad miCneva, namusis qudis tareba, ufros-umcroso-
bis dafaseba, uangaro samsaxuri samSoblosadmi.
marto imis gaxseneba rad Rirs, rom im ormocda-
aTian wlebSi, roca mTis skolebSi Wirda gogonebis
swavlebaSi Cabma, es problema xixaZirSi ukve aRar
arsebobda, radgan aqaur mosaxleobas sjeroda, rom iq,
sadac skolis direqtori dimitri xozrevaniZea, saswav-
lo nawilis gamge _ skender bajeliZe da saswavlo-aR-
mzrdelobiTi muSaobas mtkiced Sekruli, erTsulovani
da maRalkvalificiuri pedgogiuri koleqtivi axorce-
97
lebs, maT Svilebs araferi mouvidodaT. yvela maswav-
lebeli sakuTari SviliviT zrunavda moswavleze.
aqve, skolis xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad, jerovani
Sefaseba unda mieces im did Sromismoyvare, saerTo
saqmisTvis Tavdadebuli pedgogiuri koleqtivis saqmia-
nobas, romelSic batoni skenderi moRvaweobda. maT
Soris, uwinares yovlisa, aRsaniSnavi arian saqarTve-
losa da aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblebi: sergo
jaiani, roland bolqvaZe, ana alfaiZe, giorgi sira-
biZe, arCil iSxneliZe, daviT Rlonti, musto miqelaZe,
emine da dursun gabaiZeebi, mogvianebiT ufrosi maswav-
leblebi: givi Todria, evgenia kuzmina, lamara maxara-
Ze, axalgazrda maswavleblebi: aslan xaxutaiSvili,
revaz beraZe, ioseb abaSiZe (samive pedagogi _ aslani,
revazi da iosebi Semdeg baTumis pedinstitutSi miiw-
vies, disertacia daicves da iq ganagrZes muSaoba),
xixaZiris saSualo skolis pedkoleqtivi.sxedan, marcxnidan marjvniv: mesame dimitri xozrevaniZe
(direqtori), mexuTe skender bajeliZe (sasw. nawilis gamge)
98
xixaZiris saSualo skolis pedkoleqtivi.xixaZiri, 1953 w.
oTar oCigava, Taliko ruseiSvili, daviT gogoZe, lia-
na baramiZe, folad cecxlaZe, beJan da aslan miqelaZ-
eebi, ioseb mamulaZe, mzevinar jaiani, nespie gabaiZe,
zurab beriZe da sxvebi. es skola Semd-gomSic agrZe-
lebda da tradiciebs ar Ralatobda. swored skolis
xelmZRvanelTa da mTlianad pedagogiuri koleqtivis
nayofieri Sromis Sedegia, rom xixaZiris saSualo sko-
la maSin da momdevno wlebSic, roca mas didxans aWa-
ris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli arCil iSxneliZe
xelmZRvanelobda, asobiT axalgazrdam daamTavra,
maTgan 28-m oqrosa da vercxlis medalze, 600-ze metma
kursdamTavrebulma miiRo umaRlesi ganaTleba, ro-
melTagan 30-ze meti mecnier-muSakia, (mecnierebaTa doq-
tori, mecnierebaTa kandidati Tu akademiuri doqtori).
Cven, am wignis avtorebs, gvqonda bedniereba da am
skolaSi swored misi aRzevebis periodSi, 1953-1956
wlebSi, vswavlobdiT. vcxovrobdiT saskolo internat-
Si, sadac aRmzrdel-maswavlebelTa da skolis xel-
99
mZRvanelobis mudmivi yuradRebis, zrunvisa da kontro-
lis qveS viyaviT. xSirad Rameebi gviTendeboda wignze
muSaobasa Tu Temebis damuSavebaSi. kargad swavlisaT-
vis im drois Sesabamisad saTanado pirobebi iyo Se-
qmnili. direqtori da saswavlo nawilis gamge xSirad
modiodnen saRamoobiT saskolo internatSi, zogjer
moulodnelad da gvamowmebdnen, gvexmarebodnen, yvel-
afers akeTebdnen, rom rameSi xeli ar SegvSloda da
kargad gveswavla.
skender maswavlebeli geografias gvaswavlida. uy-
varda ruka. jer saWiro punqtebs zepirad CamogvaTvle-
vinebda rukasTan zurgSeqceviT, xolo Semdeg CamoTv-
lil adgilebs rukaze Semogvaxazvinebda. iyo Zalian
momTxovni, uwinares yovlisa, TavisTavisadmi da mos-
wavleebisganac mkacrad iTxovda codnas. gamoirCeoda
obieqturobiT, principulobiT, samarTlianobiT. ver
egueboda moswavleTa cbierebas. Tu SeamCnevda, ar apa-
tiebda. cdilobda, aseT moswavleebSi uaryofiTi
Tvisebebis aRmofxvras. bevr SemTxvevaSi mizans aRwevda
marjvnidan marcxniv: skender bajeliZe,SoTa abaSiZe, arCil iSxneliZe. baTumi, 1980
100
kidec. Zalian fxizeli Tvali hqonda, verafers gamoa-
parebdi. niSnebs iolad ar werda, e.i. ar uyvarda ze-
reloba. Cveni klasi gamorCeuli iyo skolaSi, rogorc
swavlaSi, ise disciplinis mxriv, magram ar iqna da
xuTosnebma erTxans ver miviReT `xuTebi~ geografiaSi.
pirveli `friadi~ daimsaxura Tanaklaselma egnate
dumbaZem. gakveTilis gamarTulad moyolis Semdeg, ru-
kis codanSi Tavic gamoiCna, gasameorebeli da ara
marto es, ganvlili masalebis codniT gaaxara peda-
gogi, ris Semdeg mas dauwera niSani `friadi~ da Tan
daamata: `yoCaR, egnate, didad masiamovne. ase unda gaa-
grZelo. Sen sxva dumbaZeebs ajobe. kargi iqneba, Tu
Seni biZaSvilebi mogbaZaven Sen~-o. odnav Rimilnarevi
sityvebiT, TiTqosda mkacri toniT da spetaki guliT
daasrula saubari. egnatemde gamoZaxebulTagan erTs
`oriani~, meores `samiani~ dauwera. ra Tqma unda, qebu-
li egnates `friadma~ (im meoTxedSi mTel klasSi pir-
veli `friadi~ iyo am saganSi) vizualurad Canda da
Cvenc vgrZnobdiT, rom maswavlebeli gaaxara, gaaxali-
sa, gaamxiarula, albaT, manamde Sinaganad fiqrobda _
`Cemi nakli xom araa, moswavleebi friadebs rom ver
Rebulobeno~ (kargi maswavlebeli dabali moswrebis
mizezebs moswavleebSi ki ara, TavisTavSi eZebs) da am
talRaze myof maswavlebels meti aravin gamouZaxebia.
didi xalisiT axsna axali masala. es iseTi rTuli,
saocari da STambeWdavi scena iyo, klasi gaognebuli
darCa. es ambavi samsawavlebloSic iTqva, direqtorsac
moaxsena, Sens `xuTosnebs~ egnatem ajoba, pirveli `xu-
Tiani~ man miiRo klasSio. es epizodi e.w. `Cepe~ gavr-
celda mTels skolaSi. ai, rogori mkacri da momTx-
ovni iyo skender maswavlebeli. marTalia, is mkacri
pedagogi iyo, magram Cven gviyvarda, radgan samarTlia-
101
nic iyo. niSnebs yovelTvis obieqturad werda. maswav-
lebelma egnate Seaqo da es CvenTvisac stimuli iyo,
rom pirveli `friadi~ klasSi daimsaxura dumbaZem da
ra ufleba gvqonda, ar migvebaZa misTvis, anda, direq-
tori Tu klasis xelmZRvaneli (oTar oCigava) gapati-
ebdnen zerelobas swavlaSi? ra Tqma unda, male Cvenc
avmaRldiT biZaSvil egnatemde geografiis SeswavlaSi.
ai, ras wers amasTan dakavSirebiT Tavad egnate
dumbaZe: `me gansakuTrebiT miyvarda geografia, mTeli
gulisyuriT vekidebodi rukis codnas, es siyvaruli
me-5 klasidan (Txilvanis maSin 8-wlian, SemdgomSi saS-
ualo da amJamad sajaro skolaSi geografiis maswav-
leblis levTer bJalavas da Semdgom nazi xarazis
mier danergili mqonda. isini roca gakveTils gvixs-
nidnen, rukaze saWiro adgils ise Semoxazavdnen saCve-
nebeli joxiT, rom rukisken arc Seixedavdnen, TiTqos
`zurgze Tvalebi hqondaT~ da rukas xedavdnen. maTi es
manera Zalian momwonda da mamaCems ruka (maSin arc Tu
ise ioli sanaxavi iyo) vayidvine da Sin didxans vvar-
jiSobdi rukaze moxazvis am maneris gamosamuSaveblad.
isini moswavleebisgan yvela gakveTilze detalurad
iTxovdnen Seswavlili qveynebis sworad Cvenebas ru-
kaze, maTi farTobis, mosaxleobis monacemebis codnasa
da dedaqalaqebis damaxsovrebas. es, rogorc wesi, unda
scodnoda nebismier moswavles. me am moments gansakuT-
rebul yuradRebas vaqcevdi geografiaSi gakveTilis
swavlis dros. am saqmeSi erTmaneTs vejibrebodiT sko-
laSi mimavali Tanaklaselebi (skolamde manZili 3-4 km
iyo yoveldRiurad savali). roca xixaZiris saSualo
skolaSi ganvagrZeT swavla, aq moTxovnebi kidev ufro
meti iyo. aman Cemze uaryofiTad ki ara, piriqiT, dade-
biTad imoqmeda, ufro meti stimuli momeca, wamaqeza.
102
ufro mets vmecadineobdi, friadosani ar vyofilvar,
magram imas ki mivaRwie, rom geografiaSi yvelas va-
jobe da pirveli `friadi~ miviRe. skender maswavleb-
lis pedagogiurma taqtma, misi manerebisa da sagnisamdi
uzado siyvarulma sabolood gansazRvra Cemi momavali
profesia – pedagogoba da specialoba _ geografiis
maswavlebloba. davamTavre geografia-biologiis fa-
kulteti da ramdenime weliwadi pedago-giur moRvaweo-
basac veweodi Cems mSobliur Txilvanis saSualo sko-
laSi. RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli, batoni
skenderi Cemi saficari da sayvareli maswavlebeli
iyo~, _ ase daasrula egnatem Tavisi memuaruli sau-
bari skender maswavlebelze, mis gakveTilze da gax-
maurebul da saintereso epizodebze.
skender maswavlebeli iTxovda ara mxolod axsni-
li gakveTilis, aramed ganvlili masalis codnasac.
axal masalasTan erTad, gasameoreblad mogvcemda ganv-
lil masalas ara paragrafebis TanmimdevrobiT, aramed
Tematuri niSniT. es xerxi Zalian gvexmareboda sxvada-
sxva gakveTilze miRebuli codnis erTmaneTTan dakav-
Sireba-damaxsovrebaSi. gamoZaxebuli moswavle moyve-
boda wina gakveTilze axsnil masalas, gasameoreblad
micemuli masalis ZiriTad sakiTxebs da Semdeg maswav-
lebeli gansakuTrebulad moiTxovda ganvlili masa-
lis mTavar, yovelTvis dasamaxsovrebel momentebs (ge-
ografiuli punqtebis Cveneba rukaze, Tu Teoriuli sa-
kiTxebi, qveynebis farTobebi, mosaxleoba, saxelmwifo-
Ta dedaqalaqebi da a.S.). geografiis gakvTili amave
dros gamocdac iyo. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli Seaja-
mebda moswavlis Sromas, saTanado komentarebiT da
dauwerda niSans. imdenad obieqturad werda niSans,
rom arc erT moswavles ar uCndeboda pretenziis sa-
103
fuZveli. amrigad, skender maswavlebeli gansakuTrebiT
ver egueboda muSaobis epizodur xasiaTs, rac gamoix-
ateboda moswavlis niSnis misaRebad da ara codnis
SesaZenad swavlaSi. is ki mkacrad iTxovda moswav-
lisagan sistematur codnas (swavla codnis SesaZenad
da ara mxolod niSnis misaRebad), sistematurobis
moTxovna, rogorc swavlebis erT-erTi aspeqti, skender
maswavleblisaTvis gansakuTrebuli aucilebloba iyo.
pirvelad ver avuReT alRo, maRal niSnebs saerTod ar
werso, vfiqrobdiT, magram erTjer Cvens gasaxarad, iyo
aseTi momentic, saubarSi isic Tqva, rom erTma adami-
anma, rogori didi ganaTlebac hqondes, ar SeiZleba
yvelaferi icodeso. amitom arsebobs leqsikonebi, en-
ciklopediebi da a.S. yvelaferi arc me vici, magram is
mTavari, rac umaRlesi saswavleblis programiT gaT-
valiswinebulia, aucileblad unda icodes nebismierma
maswavlebelma, rom SeZlos aswavlos sxvas. Tqvenc
maswavleblis doneze ki ver iswavliT geografias, ma-
gram saskolo programis farglebSi aucileblad unda
daeufloT mTavar sakiTxebs, ara epizodurad, aramed
sistematurad da unda SeZloT sakiTxebis erTmaneTTan
dakavSireba, SeZenili codnis logikurad, Tanmimdevru-
lad gadmocema msmenelisaTvis gasagebad. aseT SemTxve-
vaSi me mzad var nebismier moswavles davuwero ara
marto dadebiTi, aramed maRali niSnebic. maswavleblis
am Ria da gulwrfelma saubarma Cvenze didi gavlena
moaxdina. kidev ufro Segvayvara sender maswavlebeli.
gavigeT misi manerebi da muRami. gakveTilebis momza-
debis Semdeg internatSi mcxovrebi moswavleebi veji-
brebodiT, SekiTxvebs vusvamdiT erTmaneTs ganvlili
masalidan, ara marto geografiaSi, aramed yvela sagan-
Si. amiT bolos da bolos gavugeT maswavlebels, avye-
104
viT mas. Cvenc movigeT da maswavlebelic kmayofili
darCa Cveni swavlis SedegebiT. umaRles saswavlebleb-
Si, visac gamocdis Cabareba mouwia geografiaSi, an am
specialobaze moewyo, swavla ar gaWirvebia. yovelTvis
kmayofilebiT aRniSnavdnen skender maswavleblis dam-
saxurebas, mis pedagogiur ostatobas.
batoni skenderi originaluri Tvisebebis mqone
pedagogi iyo. Tu moswavleTa Soris skolaSi mkacri
saxe hqonda, xSirad SegvimCnevia, rom maswavlebelTa
koleqtivSi mas xumroba scodnia, icoda anekdotebis
sainteresod moyola (es xom xelovnebaa, yvelas ar ga-
mosdis). sxvebs gaacinebda yurebamde, TviTon ki iSvi-
aTad gaicinebda. iyo dinji, sityvaZviri, TavdaWerili,
gansakurebiT gakveTilebis dros. skender maswavleb-
lis am Tvisebas vgebulobdiT sxva maswavleblebisgan.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi niSandoblivi momentic. pir-
velad maswavleblebi cxovrobdnen daqiravebul bineb-
Si, calke ojaxebSi. dimitri xozrevaniZem SeZlo mas-
wavleblebisTvis saerTo sacxovreblis aSeneba, ris
Semdeg yvela maswavlebeli gadavida am sacxvorebelSi.
aman pedagogiuri koleqtivi ufro SeamWidrova, mono-
liTuri da megobruli gaxada. marTlac, maswavlebel-
Ta megobruli cxovrebis pirobebis uzrunvelyofa
erT-erTi mTavari momentia saskolo cxovrebSi. es
ukanaskneli ki mTavari faqtoria saswavlo-aRmzrdelo-
biT Tu saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi ara
marto skolaSi, saswavlo dawesebulebaSi, aramed mo-
saxleobaSi, mSobelTa Soris muSaobaSic. aqedan iqmne-
ba pedkoleqtivis Tu skolis saerTo avtoriteti. xixa-
Ziris saSualo skola, skender maswavleblis sityvebiT
rom vTqvaT, amis saukeTeso nimuSi iyo saqarTvelos
soflis skolebs Soris.
105
skender mawavlebeli maRali aRnagobis, momxiblavi
garegnobis kaci iyo, hqonda TeTri saxe, Savi Tvalwar-
bi, koxta ulvaSebi, lamazad gadavarcxnili qoCori.
garegnulad iyo pirquSi, Zalian mowyenili, TiTqos
viRacaze Tu raRacaze gabrazebuli, magram adamiane-
bisadmi metad gulTbili da yuradRebiani iyo. mos-
wavleebi zogjer aseT mdgomareobaSi rom SevamCnevdiT
mis mowyenil saxes, erTmaneTSi vityodiT: neta, skender
maswavlebels ra awuxebs? avad xom ar aris? sul ar
icinis, mudam Cafiqrebulia, _ xSirad gvifiqria da
kidevac gviTqvams erTmaneTSi moswavle-internatelebs.
Cven gviCndeboda maswavleblis Secodebis grZnoba: neta
ra uWirs? Cvengan Svelas xom ar iTxovs? an Cven ra
SegveZlo, garda SeniSnuli gancdisa? iseTi ieri hqon-
da, TiTqos marTlac Svelas iTxovda garSemomyofTa-
gan. Cven, moswavleebi, xom ver vkiTxavdiT mis gasaWir-
ze. amitom vcdilobdiT, kargad gveswavla gakveTilebi
da amiT mainc gagvexarebina Cveni sayvareli maswavle-
beli. sxvaTa Soris, misi mowyenilobis mizezi CvenTvis
erT xans saidumlod rCeboda. didi xnis Semdge, baTum-
Si rom daviwyeT muSaoba, mxolod maSin gavigeT CvenT-
vis gaucnobierebeli, magram gancdili momenti. igi
xSirad CamobrZandeboda Tavisi `raSiT~, msubuqi avto-
manana `moskviCiT~ baTumSi, aucileblad gvinaxulebda,
Zalian davuaxlovdiT mas. maswavlebelsa da moswavles
Soris, ostatsa da Segirds Soris urTierTobis zne-
borivi subordinaciis SenarCunebiT damyarda megobru-
li urierToba Cvens Soris. xSirad vixsenebdiT xixa-
Ziris saSualo skolaSi Cveni swavlisa da misi mu-
Saobis epizodebs. swored maSin davusviT kiTxva didi
mobodiSebiT: _ skender maswavlebelo, yovelTvis Cafi-
qrebuli iyaviT, vicodiT, gqondaT axali kostiumi, ma-
106
gram iSviaTad icvamdiT, ra gqondaT maSin safiqrali?
moswavleebs gvaRelvebda Tqveni aseTi gancdebi da
daRvremiloba, cotaTi gaTamamebulebma gavubedeT
aseTi kiTxva.
_ ax, axalgazrdebo, ra bednierebi xarT! Tqven ar
iciT, ra aris omi da isic aseTi grandiozuli, daman-
greveli meore msoflio omi. misi saSineleba, gansa-
kuTrebiT tyveobaSi gatarebuli Cemi mZime wlebi. mar-
Talia, tyveobidan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg gaviare e. w.
`politikuri filtracia~, jarSic damabrunes da erTi
weli omis Semdeg kidev vimsaxure, mgram sul meSinoda,
xom ar damiWeren, rogorc yofil tyves-meTqi. skolaSi
uSiSroebis muSakis gamoCenis SiSiT gulSi vambobdi _
Cems wasayvanad xom ar mosula-meTqi. ase viyavi wlebis
ganmavlobaSi. Cacma-daxurvaze vin fiqrobda, an ra me-
kostumeboda, an ra gamacinebda. biWebi zogjer saRa-
moobiT an dasvenebis dReebSi sadResaswaulod (Tu
ojaxebSi, mSoblebTan ver wavidodiT) CamovjdebodiT,
cota RviniTac SeviqcevdiT Tavs, maSin gulze momeSve-
boda (ra Zala aqvs dalocvil Rvinos, oRond zomiere-
bis dacviT): gavxalisdebodiT, mec gavicinebdi, anekdo-
tebsac movyvebodiT, omis epizodebsac vixsenebdiT, iS-
viTad, magram mainc vxumrobdiT kidec. aba, zamTris
grZel RameebSi ra unda gagvekeTebina, sul wignis ki-
Txva xom ar SeiZleba, dasveneba da garTobac saWiroa.
daxarjuli energia unda aRadgino. 1956 wels, roca
represirebulTa reabilitacia daiwyo, SvebiT amovisu-
nTqe, _ agvisxna Cvenma maswavlebelma misi mdgomareo-
biT Sewuxebul da didxans amaze Cafiqrebul moswav-
leebs. ar viciT, ramdenad dagvijerebT, magram getyviT,
rom Cvenc maswavleblis Secodebis grZnoba maSin mog-
vexsna.
107
skender maswavlebeli yovelTvis mowesrigebuli
iyo. igi uyvarda yvelas, pedagogiur koleqtivsa da
moswavle axalgazrdobas. kargi avtoriteti daimsaxu-
ra soflis mosaxleobaSi, mSoblebSi, ganaTlebis sis-
temis mesveurTa Sorisac. skolis inspeqtirebis dros
(zogjer es mTel kviras grZeldeboda) skender maswav-
lebeli yovelTvis gamoirCeoda Tavisi akademiuri, gan-
maviTarebeli gakveTilebiT. amitom igi cnobili iyo
rogorc mowinave maswavlebeli da gamocdili saswav-
lo nawilis gamge. ase axasiaTebdnen mas inspeqtirebis
Sesaxeb wardgenil moxsenebebSi da gaformebul brZa-
nebebSi.
skender maswavlebeli (pirvel rigSi marcxnidanmexuTe) xixaZirel megobrebTan
108
roca xixaZirSi pedagogiuri moRvaweoba daasrula
da samuSaod mSobliur raionSi, qobuleTSi gadavida,
xixaZiris skolis pedkoleqtivma, moswavle axalgazr-
dobam, soflis mosaxleobam didi kmayoflebiT gaaci-
les imis TxovniT, rom kvlav stumreboda xixaZirs. mi-
si wasvliT gamowveuli sinanulis cremlebic ki gaayo-
les qobuleTSi pedagogsa da sayvarel pirovnebas. ai,
ras niSnavs, kacuri kacoba. swored aris naTqvami, kar-
gi qeni qvaze dade, gaire win dagxvdebao. sikeTe adami-
anis simaRliT ki ar izomeba, aramed gakeTebuli saq-
miT, naSrom-najafariT, damsaxurebuli RvawliT. viciT
isic, rom sxva ki ar gamogaCens, Seni saqme gamogavlens.
Cven ki misi yofili moswavleebi, winamdebare wignis
avtorebi, mTeli xeobis mosaxle-obis saxeliT gamovx-
skender bajeliZe (SuaSi)yofil moswavleebTan _
egnate da sergo dumbaZeebTan erTad
109
atavT did madlierebas skender maswavleblis pirov-
nebis mimarT. marTalia, dRes is ar aris Cvens Soris,
ganisvenebs zeciur saqarTveloSi, naTelSi myof mis
suls mivmarTavT _ skender maswav-lebelo, xalxisgan
pativi Sen Tavad daimsaxure Rirseulad, Cven ki gvax-
sovxarT, ar dagiviwyebT, sanam sunTqva SegviZlia!
xixaZirSi misi Svidwliani moRvaweobis Sedegi ga-
nixila skolis pedagogiurma sabWom da saTanado weri-
lobiTi daxasiaTebac ki misca.
`skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe, dabadebuli 1921
wels, umaRlesi ganaTlebiT, 1952-53 saswavlo wlidan
muSaobda xixaZiris saSualo skolis geografiis maswa-
vleblad. 1954 wlis 20 agvistodan dawinaurebul iqna
xixaZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis gamged.
movaleobas asrulebda maRali pasuxismgeblobiT,
ibrZoda klasSi saswavlo muSaobis saTanado simaRle-
ze dayenebisaTvis, aris dinji da TavdaWerili amxana-
gi. kargad flobs saswavlo procesis organizacias da
misi marTvis xerxebs.
sargeblobs kargi avtoritetiT.
xixaZiris saSualo skolis direqtori dimitri
xozrevaniZe.
2. 02. 1959 w.~
aseTi maRali RirsebiT datvirTuli da Semkobili
pedagogi tovebs xixaZirs da samuSaod ubrundeba mSob-
liur raions, magram siyvaruli xixaZiris, sxalTis
xeobisa da misi stumarTmoyvare mosaxleobisadmi Tan
gahyva mas sicocxlis bolomde.
110
$7. pedagogiuri moRvaweobis gagrZelebamSobliur raionSi
sakmaod didxans imoRvawa batonma skenderma xixa-
Ziris saSualo skolaSi. gamoCndnen xixaZireli axal-
gazrda specialistebi sxvadasxva saganSi da maT Soris
geografiaSic. amasTan, skender maswavlebeli ojaxidan
mowyvetili iyo. omis mZime wlebgamovlili veterani
sakmao asakSic Sevida. man saWirod CaTvala mSobliur
raionSi gadasvla. gancxadebiT mimarTa amis Taobaze
aWaris ganaTlebis ministrs, baton daviT TebiZes. min-
istrma uyoymanod daakmayofila damsaxurebuli peda-
gogis drouli da savsebiT misaRebi moTxovna da amas
mohyva saTanado brZaneba (#644, 1959 wlis 17 noemberi),
sadac vkiTxulobT:
`bajeliZe skender xuseinis Ze xulos raionis xix-
aZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis gamge da
geografiis maswavlebeli 1959 wlis 20 oqtombridan
gadayvanil iqnas qobuleTis raionis Caisubnis skola-internatis aRmzrdel-maswavleblad, misi gancxadebis
safuZvelze.
aWaris ganaTlebis ministri d. TebiZe.~
111
ase damkvidrda skender maswavlebeli mSobliur
raionSi, magram guli Tavisi soflisaken miuwevda,
surda ufro axlos yofiliyo sakuTar ojaxTan,
mSoblebTan. magram amjerad es ar moxerxda, cota xniT
mainc. skender maswavlebels aqac Sexvda SesaniSnavi
pedagogiuri koleqtivi, romelsac damsaxurebuli ped-
agogi, saskolo cxovrebis kargi organizatori niaz
yurSubaZe xelmZRvanelobda. mas gverdSi amoudgnen
gamocdili pedagogebi: iveri melaZe, Tina loria, SoTa
vaSaymaZe, amiran erqomaiSvili, givi gogiCaiSvili, qse-
nia yurSubaZe, givi jaSi da sxvebi. aqac bevri niWieri
moswavle eziara skender maswavleblis zrunvasa da
yuradRebas. misi aqauri bejiTi da saamayo moswavleebi
iyvnen: rostom jafariZe _ aWaris yofili prokurori,
aWaris a.r ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos
parlamentis wevri, Rirsebis ordenosani, rostom gun-
Caisubnis skola-internatis pedagogTa erTi nawili: marcxni-dan _ Suqri onaSvili (skola-internatis TanamSromeli),aslan yurSubaZe, rezo focxiSvili, vaJa (niaz) yurSubaZe
(direqtori), skender bajeliZe
112
TaiSvili _ iuristi, iyo aWaris uzenaesi sabWos pirve-
li mowvevis deputati, iuridiuli komisiis Tavmjdo-
mare, aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mrCeveli Tavdac-
visa da uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi, iusticiis sabWos mdi-
vani, baTumis samoqalaqo davaTa arbitraJis Tavmjdo-
mare, bsu-s profesori, pedagogi eTer yurSubaZe _ oq-
ros medalosani. muSaobda maTematikis maswavleblad
Caisubnis skolaSi. Semdeg _ baTumis #1 (amJamad #2)
skolis pedagogia. iyo saswavlo nawilis gamge da di-
reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli.
xixaZirisa da Caisubnis skolebSi 15 wlis peda-
gogiuri moRvaweobis Semdeg, 1967 wlis 10 marts, ga-
formda aWaris ganaTlebis ministris kidev erTi brZa-
neba #209, romelSic vkiTxulobT: `bajeliZe skender
xuseinis Ze, qobuleTis raionis Caisubnis skola-
internatis aRmzrdeli da geografiis maswavlebeli,
1967 wlis 15 martidan gadayvanil iqnas xucubnis saSu-
alo skolis klasgareSe da skolisgareSe aRmzrdelo-
biT muSaobis dargSi organizatorad direqtoris moad-
gilis uflebiT.
safuZveli: qobuleTis raionis ganaTlebis ganyofi-
lebis gamgis 1967 wlis 10 martis #2 10/35 momarTva.
aWaris assr ganaTlebis ministri – v. wulukiZe.~
eTeryurSubaZe
rostomgunTaiSvili
rostom jafariZe
113
roca misi moswavlis erT-erTi mSobeli CaisubanSi
Sexvda skender maswavlebels, man auwya, rom samuSaod
gadavida mSobliur sofelSi. Sewuxebulma mSobelma
guliswuxili ase gamoxata: `Tqven ki moigeT, ojaxs
daubrundiT, magram Cven, moswavleebma da mSoblebma
didad wavageTo~. es sityvebi kargad gamoxatavs sken-
der maswavleblis pirovnebis, rogorc pedagogis,
rols, mis avtoritetsa da damsaxurebas skolaSi.
skender maswavlebelma, xandazmulobis miuxedavad,
xucubnis saSualo skolaSi kidev ufro axali mon-
domebiT, didi pasuxismgeblobiT ganagrZo pedagogiuri
saqmianoba. mas aqac karg pedagogiur koleqtivSi
mouwia muSaoba. skolis direqtori jemal megreliZedidi avtoritetiani, mcodne maswavlebeli, kargi xelm-
ZRvaneli iyo; tite afxazava, klara cincaZe, suleiman
xucubnis saSualo skola.skolis direqtori, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli
jemal megreliZe pedkoleqtivTan erTad. 1980 w.
114
megreliZe, aslan qaTamaZe, avTandil zoiZe, ramiz max-
araZe, qsenia CxaiZe da sxvebi erTsulovnebiTa da mxar-
daWeriT xels uwyobdnen skender maswavlebels keTil-
Sobilur saqmianobaSi, Tanac siamovnebiT iziarebdnen
mis mdidar gamocdilebas. xixaZirelebsa da Caisubne-
lebze naklebi siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT rodi ig-
oneben skender bajeliZis amagsa da Rvawls xucubneli
aRzrdilebi _ roman mowyobili, vaJa beriZe, gia Tama-
zaSili, rostom gunTaiSvili, Tamar baTniZe, eTer bau-
JaZe, vaJa xinikaZe, oTar, levan, vaJa bajeliZeebi da
sxvebi.
batoni skenderi ara marto gamorCeuli pedagogi,
aramed didbunebovani humantisti adamianic iyo. igi
yovelTvis gaWirvebulTa pirveli qomagi da qvelmoq-
medi gaxldaT. bevr Tanasoflels axsovs, albaT, xixa-
ZirSi or obol axalgazrdas batoni skenderis ini-
ciativiT da maswavlebelTa xarjebiT rogor gadaux-
des qorwili, romelic mTeli soflis zeimad gadaiqca.
xucubnis sajaro skola,sadac muSaobda skender bajeliZe
115
nodar kekeliZe
skender maswavleblis pedago-
giuri saqmianoba marto skoliT ro-
di Semoifargleboda. igi yovelTvis
dainteresebuli iyo kursdamTavre-
bulTa Semdgomi bediT, swavliTa
da cxovrebiT. 46 weli gavida xixa-
Ziridan mSobliur raionSi gadasv-
lis Semdeg, magram mas arasdros
gauwyvetia kavSiri am xeobis maswav-
leblebTan, mSoblebTan, yofil
moswavlesTan. igi xixaZirelTa Wir-varamis monawile,
yvelas mrCeveli da qomagi iyo. igi specialurad Camo-
dioda qobuleTidan baTumSi, moisiyvarulebda Tavis
yofil moswavles, sarecelze mijaWvul nodar keke-liZes, anugeSebda, daaimedebda da amiT umsubuqebda mas
gamwarebul sicocxles. didi madloba amisaTvis Tqven,
skender maswavleblo! _ maSin ase mivmarTavdiT no-
daris meuRle qalbatoni surie da Cven, nodaris
Tanaklaselebi.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos kidev erTi faqti.
mTeli saqarTvelo SeZra 1989 wlis 19 aprils xulos
raionis sofel wablanaSi, CanCurixevis ubanSi, datria-
lebulma tragediam, roca solgomanis gora moskda.
geologebis savaraudo azriT, daaxloebiT erTi mil-
ioni kub. metri miwis masam Caxerga md. sxalTiswylis
kalapoti, amoavso misi marcxena Senakadis, patara yiS-
liswylis xevi, daangria sacxovrebeli saxlebi, dafa-
ra, daasamara am patara xevSi moqmedi xe-tyis saxerxi
qarxana da ramdenime sacxovrebeli saxli. mewyerma
STanTqa 23 adamianis sicocxlec (am tragediis simbo-
lod aRmarTulia memoriali).
116
stiqiis Sedegad daRupulTa memoriali(CanCurixevi, 1989 wlis 19 aprili)
am Semzarav-
ma movlenam SeZ-
ra mTeli sofe-
li, wablana,
sxalTa, xixanis
xeoba, raioni,
aWara, sruliad
saqarTvelo, di-
di Tu patara,
qali Tu kaci,
moxuci Tu ax-
algazrda fexze
dadga.
SemTxvevis adgili moinaxules saqarTvelosa da
aWaris xelmZRvanelebma. wablanas ewvia da daRupulTa
ojaxebs, aWarisa da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleo-
bas, momxdari tragediis gamo samZimari uTxra uwmin-
desma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-
patriarqma ilia meorem. man dazaralebulT moTminebis-
ken, xolo qarTvel ers, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas,
maTTvis daxmarebis xelis gawodebisken mouwoda.
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis es mowodeba
mTelma saqarTvelom (da ara marto saqarTvelom) gul-
Tan miitana. dazaralebul ojaxebs baTumSi droebiT
TavSesafari miuCines, Semdeg binebSi Seasaxles, gau-
wies saTanado saWiro materialuri daxmareba.
am Semzaravma movlenam aaforiaqa skender maswav-
lebelic. igi meore dResve avtobusiT avida SemTxvevis
adgilas _ CanCurisxevSi, gaigo momxdari ambavi da
isic, rom misi yofili moswavleebi _ yiSlis arasru-
li saSualo skolis direqtori daviT SainiZe, misi bi-
ZaSvili oTar SainiZe, kidev 21 moqalaqesTan erTad,
117
daviT SainiZe oTar SainiZe
mewyers miwaSi Caetana da damwuxrebuli mosaxleoba
daeZebda daRupulebs. skender maswavlebelic maT Seu-
erTda. roca daRupulebi ipoves, maSin genaxaT batoni
skenderis cremlebi da tkivili. amas mxolod didsu-
lovani adamiani gaakeTebda, mxolod skender bajeli-
Zis modgmis kaci moimoqmedebda. kidev meti, is am tra-
gedias specialuri samZimris depeSiTac gamoexmaura,
romelic gazeTSi moTavsda.
`gazeT `sabWoTa aWaris~ redaqcias:
didad SemaZrwuna da damamwuxra im ambavma, rom
stiqiis Sedegad xulos raionis sofel wablanis bevri
mcxovrebi daiRupa.
Cemi mwuxareba miT ufro mwarea, rom am ubedurebas
Seewirnen Cemi yofili moswavleebi _ daviT da oTar
SainiZeebi.
minda Tqveni gazeTis meSveobiT Rrma samZimari ga-
davce daRupulTa ojaxebs, maTs axloblebs da aR-
vuTqva, rom maTTan var.
skender bajeliZe,
118
aWaris assr damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli, didi sa-
mamulo omis monawile, sofeli xucubani~.1
vinc skender bajeliZes erTjer mainc Sexvedria damisi saubari mousmenia, arasdros daaviwydeba igi, misigulis siTbo, keTilSobileba, mokrZalebuloba, maRal-zneobrioba. igi suliT xorcamde sikeTisa da kacurka-cobis gansaxiereba iyo. maRali moqalaqeobrivi Tvise-bebi misi pirovnebis samkauli da humanurobisa da ke-TilSobilebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda. amitomdidi siTbo, sikeTe, saxeli da avtoriteti datovayvelgan, sadac ki ucxovria da umoRvawia. misgan ga-cemuli es sikeTe masve ubrundeboda sazogadoebisgananalogiuri sikeTiT.
$8. damsaxurebul pensiaze
sxvadaxva raionSi da araerT skolaSi xangrZlivi,
muxlCauxreli pedagogiuri moRvaweoba saerTod om-
gadaxdili pirovnebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT tyveobaga-
movlili kacisTvis, metad damRleli da damqancvelia.
aseTi mZime wlebis Semdeg energiis dauzogavad Sromam
mxcovani maswavleblis _ skender bajeliZis janmrTe-
lobaze gavlena iqonia. amitom man gancxadebiT mimarTa
skolis direqtors, j. megreliZes, janmrTelobis mdgo-
mareobis gamo, pensiaSi gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT samu-
Saodan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. skolis direqtorma
amasTan dakavSirebiT acnoba qobuleTis raionis ga-
naTlebis ganofilebis gamges, baton levan mesxiZes.
1 gaz. `sabWoTa aWara~, 3 maisi, 1989 w.
119
ganaTlebis raionulma ganyofilebam daakmayofila
damsaxurebuli, Rvawlmosili pedagogis Txovna da 1981
wlis 20 oqtombers dauSva saTanado brZaneba #671, ro-
melSic naTqvamia:
`xucubnis saSualo skolis geografiis maswavlebe-
li skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe 1981 wlis 8 oqtom-
bridan gaTavisufldes samuSaodan pensiaSi gasvlasTan
dakavSirebiT.
safuZveli: skolis momarTva.
qobuleTis raionis ganaTlebis ganyofilebis gamge
l. mesxiZe~ (maSin brZanebebs ganaTlebis ganyofileba
aformebda).
samuSaodan gaTavisuflebis win skolis direqtor-
ma skender maswavlebels aseTi daxasiaTeba misca:
`skender bajeliZe, dabadebuli 1921 wels, upartio,
Sromis staJi 31 weli, amJamad muSaobs xucubnis sko-
laSi geografiis maswavleblad. kargad flobs sagans
da misi swavlebis meTodebs. icnobs sabunebismetyvelo
dargis sagnebis mecnierul miRwevebs da saWiroebis mi-
xedviT ukavSirebs gakveTilebs. pasuxismgeblobiT eki-
deba, emzadeba da meTodurad gamarTul gakveTilebs
atarebs. iyenebs arsebul TvalsaCinoebebs da teqnikur
saSualebebs. mtkice moTxovnebs uyenebs moswavleebs
davalebis SesrulebaSi, swavlebaSi karg Sedegebs aR-
wevs. muSaobs TavisTavze, exmareba damwyeb maswavleb-
lebs, Tavis gamocdilebas uziarebs maT. aqtiurad mo-
nawileobs skolis cxovrebaSi, keTilsindisierad as-
rulebs davalebebs, ver egueba naklovanebebs. xSirad
sakiTxs ayenebs pedsabWos sxdomebze da ibrZvis maT
aRmosafxvrelad.
avtoritetiT sargeblobs skolis pedkoleqtivSi,
moswavle axalgazrdobaSi da soflis mosaxleobaSi.
120
xucubnis skolis direqtori j. megreliZe.~
cotas davisveneb, mivxedav ojaxs, janmrTelobasac
da SviliSvilebsac moveferebio, _ fiqrobda veterani
pedagogi.
pensia fsiqoligiurad Znelad Sesaguebeli faqto-
ria. adamiani ZiriTad saqmianobas rom wydeba, fiqrobs,
sicocxle mTavrdeba, sikvdili daCqardebao da yovel-
Tvis am ubedurebis burusSi Tu molodinSi uRam-
uTendeba. Tu janmrTelobac Seryeuli aqvs da yurad-
Reba, ojaxuri siTbo aklia, es procesi kidev ufro
mtkivneuli da Znelad asatania.
Zalian moZravi kaci iyo skender bajeliZe, usaqmod
ver Cerdeboda (es moxucebulobis, asakis daavadebaa,
rogorc Cans). gamonaxa gasarTobi, drois mosaklavi,
amave dros janmrTelobisa da ojaxisTvis sasargeblo
saqme. naTqvamia, sibereSi siqaCleo, jer kidev pensiaSi
gasvlamde 1976 wels daamTavra avtoskola, aiRo man-
qanis marTvis mowmoba, iyida msubuqi markis avtomanqana
`moskviCi~ da am `bedauriT~ xSirad stumrobda qaliS-
vilebs, Zmebs, ZmisSvilebs, naTesavebs, megobrebs, yo-
fil moswavleebs. Camodioda baTumSic, saojaxo saq-
meebsac agvarebda da axloblebsa da Sinaurebsac nax-
ulobda.
ase klavda dros. es iyo misi `dasveneba-garToba~.
kidev meti, skender maswavlebeli, rogorc pensioneri,
omisa da Sromis veterani, sargeblobda veteranisaTvis
dawesebuli sagzurebiT da periodulad dadioda ku-
rortebze, isvenebda da ikaJebda janmrTelobas (sagz-
uriT amaragebda misi yofili moswavle givi gabaiZe,
romelic muSaobda socuzrunvelyofis saministroSi).
araerTxel yofila sairmeSi, kislovodskSi, borjomSi,
wyaltuboSi, sadac bevri megobari gaiCina, maTTan gad-
121
kurort `sairmeSi~marcxnidan: iveri melaZe,
skender bajeliZe
aRebuli samaxsovro su-raTebi alamazeben mis saojaxo
alboms da inaxavs maT megobrobas. kurort `sairmeSi~igi isvenebda Tavis megobar-kolegasTan, aRiarebul
pedagogTan, cnobil filologTan da samSoblos erT-
gul pirovnebasTan, baton iveri melaZesTan erTad.
isini imdenad afasebdnen da uyvardaT erTmaneTi, rom
skender maswavlebeli, baTumSi Camosuli, baton iveris
unaxavi ukan ar brundeboda. maTi es damokidebuleba
iveri melaZem gadmosca skender bajeliZis dabadebidan
75-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil saRamoze misasalmebel
werilSi, romelic moTavsebulia am wignis momdevno
ganyofilebaSi.
aseT Tbil ojaxur da
megobrul garemoSi uxde-
boda cxovreba pensiaSi
gasvlis Semdeg skender ba-
jeliZes. mets ras inatreb-
da omis mZime wlebis Sem-
deg mSvidobiani cxovrebiT
dalxinebuli, nayofieri pe-
dagogiuri moRvaweobiT
xeldamSvenebuli, pensiaSi
gasvliT TiTqos ramdenadme
SromaSemsubuqebuli adami-
ani. xarobda ojaxis mama da
dedmamiSvilobaSi ufrosi
Zma skender maswavlvbeli
Tavisi gavlili Sinaarsiani
cxovrebis gziT. pensiaSi
gasvlis Semdeg igi drois
did nawils ojaxSi, megobrebTan, da-ZmebTan atarebda.
amiT ivsebda im `sicarieles~, rac gamowveuli iyo
122
faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis periodSi, Semdeg stu-
dentobisa Tu Soreul raionSi pedagogiuri moRvaweo-
bis wlebSi, ojaxisagan Sors yofniT.
rogorc zemoT iTqva, skenderi dedmamiSvilebs So-
ris ufrosi iyo. mis Semdeg xusein da meriem bajeli-
Zeebis ojaxSi gaCndnen vladimeri, Suqri, zia, faTuSada qeskini. rogorc zemoT iTqva, samwuxarod, zia da
faTuSa adreul asakSi gardaicvalnen. maT ojaxebi ar
SeuqmniaT. darCenili Zmebi gaizardnen, Sesaferisad
iswavles da ojaxSi Tu cxovrebaSi daikaves kuTvnili
adgilebi.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, vladimerma miiRo umaR-
lesi agronomiuli ganaTleba, wlebis ganmavlobaSi
xelmZRvanelobda sofel xucubans, romelic milion-
eri kolmeurneoba gaxda.
is, rogorc soflis gamorCeuli Tavkaci, sakavSiro
umaRlesi sabWos ramdenime mowvevis deputati gaxldaT.
ufros Zmas skenders Tu ordenebi hqonda faSizmis wi-
naaRmdeg omSi monawileobisa da Tavdadebuli brZoli-
saTvis, baton vladimeris gulmkerds Sromis frontze
miRweuli warmatebebisaTvis miniWebuli ordenebi da
medlebi amSvenebda (mis Sesaxeb vrclad iTqva zemoT).
skenderis Semdegi Zmaa Suqri, teqnikis moyvaruli.
saSualo skolis damTavrebis Semdeg daeufla meqaniza-
toris specialobas, kolmeurneobis daSlamde muSaob-
da sofelSi, Cais fabrikebSi. Suqris meuRlea ania ar-
Sevskaia. maT hyavT ori Svili: malxazi da tarieli.
isini agrZeleben mamis saqmes da emsaxurebian, Tavs ev-
lebian dedas.
123
skenderis umcrosi Zmaa qeskini. man skola daamTav-
ra, muSaobda kolmeureobaSi, imsaxura jarSi, sazenito
artileriaSi, aqve daeufla mZRolis specialobas. ja-
ris Semdeg kolmeurneobis daSlamde muSaobda Cais
sakref kombainze meqanizatorad. misi meuRlea qal-
batoni nino, saxelovani meCaie, arCeuli iyo sakavSiro
umaRlesi sabWos bolo mowvevis deputatad. maT sam-
Soblos misces sami Svili: kaxa, qeTino, mirza. sam-
wuxarod, kaxam naadrevad gamoicvala samyaro _ saaqao
saaqaod, qeTino sofel kondidSi gaTxovda, meuRle _
gia SaqariSvili. hyavT ori Svili: levani da nini. mir-
za ki emsaxureba mSoblebs da agrZelebs bajeliZeTa
tradiciebs.
Zmebi Suqri da skender bajeliZeebikievi, 1951 wlis 4 ivlisi
124
qeskini amJamad xusein bajeliZis fuZe ojaxSi yve-
laze uxucesia, aris pensioneri, agrZelebs mamis tra-
diciebs, icavs gvaris Rirsebas, mrCevlad Tu damri-
geblad saTaveSi udgas Svilebs, Zmebis Svilebs, Svili-
Svilebs, erToba saojaxo saqmeebiT da patarebze
zrunviT, xarobs maTze cqeriT, uyveba winaparTa Rir-
seul tradiciebze da mouwodebs maT, daicvan, gaamrav-
lon da saxelovnad gaagrZelon saqmeni maTi sagmironi,
kargi swavliT, SromiT, sulieri siwmindiT da zneo-
brivi sispetakiT bajeliZeTa darad Rirseuli adgili
daimkvidron sofelSi, raionSi, sazogadoebaSi, qveyana-
Si, cxovrebaSi.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdgom,
2014 wlamde, sofel xucubans Tavkacobda skender
maswavleblis momdevno Zmis, vladimeris Svili _ zu-rab bajeliZe. igi zrunavda da zrunavs soflis keTil-
mowyobisa da mosaxleobis keTildReobisTvis.
qeskin bajeliZe meuRle ninosTan erTad
125
qeskini (ukana rigSi SuaSi)da zurabi (marjvniv)
ojaxebis wevrebTan erTad
mamis msgavsad, igi kar-
gi kacia, tkbilmoubari,
yuradRebiani, maRali kul-
turis, adamianis damfase-
beli, TanamSromlebTan
taqtiani, Tbili, maTze
mzurnveli, mrCeveli da
damrigebeli, samsaxureo-
brivi movaleobisa da min-
dobili saqmisadmi maRali
pasuxismgebeli. zurabi mo-
qalaqeobrivi TvisebebiT,
garegnobiT, xmis tembriT,
metyvelebis maRali kul-
turiT, diqciiT, mokrZa-
lebiT, ubraloebiT, zomi-
erebiT, stumarmaspinZlo-
bis surviliTa da unariT
mamis oreulia. vinc mis mamas icnobda da baton zura-
bis saubars moismens, pirvelive wuTebidan Tvalwin
zurab bajeliZe da wignis avtori sergo dumbaZe
126
Svilis saxiT mamis silueti warmoudgeba. xalxuri
naTqvamia, kargi deda Svils mamas daamsgavsebso.
RmerTma acxonos ded-mama, RmerTma daicvas Svili
zurabi, romelic kacurkacobiT agrZelebs mSoblebis,
gvaris, soflis Rirseul tradiciebs, aferum, aseT
Svils yvela ojaxSi.
aRsaniSnavia zurab bajeli-
Zis Tanadgoma winamdebare wignis
masalebis Segroveba-momzadebaSi.
batoni zurabi dawinaurda.
amJamad qobuleTis municipal-
itetis axlad Seqmnil ganyofi-
lebaSi soflis ganviTarebis sam-
saxuris ufrosia, erTgulad da
gulmodgined emsaxureba mindo-
bil saqmes.
zurabi ara marto saxelovani
mamis Svili, misi saqmis Rirseu-
li gamgrZelebelia, aramed Sesa-
niSnavi ojaxis patronicaa. misi
meuRlea qalbatoni maia melaZe,qoreografis, aWaris kulturis damsaxurebuli moRvaw-
is Tofan (Teimuraz) melaZis Svilia, muSaobda qobule-
Tis raionul arqivSi. amJamad aWaris centralur sax-
elmwifo arqivSi agrZelebs saqmianobas. maT gazardes
sami vaJkaci. yvelam miiRo umaRlesi ganaTleba: arCili
ekonomistia, misdevs bizness, giorgi inJineria, muSaobs
Sps `gza~-Si, imeda mezRvauris specialobis dauflebis
Semdeg curavs Soreuli naosnobis sistemaSi. baton
vladimer bajeliZis STamomavloba Rirseulad agrZe-
lebs ojaxisa da gvaris tradiciebs.
Tofan (Teimuraz)melaZe
aWaris kulturisdamsaxurebuli
moRvawe
127
baton zurabs hyavs Zma, genadi, inJiner-mSenebeli,
muSaobs qobuleTis infrastruqturaSi. misi meuRle _
qalbatoni xaTuna diasaxlisia, hyavT ori Svili _
giorgi da nino.
skender maswavlebeli xarobda, amayobda ara marto
sakuTari ojaxiTa da mravalricxovani, sisxliT naTe-
sauri wriT, aramed damoyvrebiT danaTesavebuli gare-
moebiTac.
sami qaliSvilis mamas, baton skenders sam ojaxTan
hqonda moyvroba. ai, isinic: sofel qobuleTidan dam-
saxurebuli pirovneba memed basiliZe (meuRle surieinaiSvili), q. qobuleTidan axmed nakaiZe (meuRle suriececxlaZe) da q. baTumidan akaki evgeniZe (meuRle qeToWanturiSvili). maTTan hqonda kargi urTierToba, mis-
vla-mosvla, stumroba da maspinZloba. roca moyvrebze
Camovardeboda saubari, batoni skenderi xSirad imarj-
genadi bajeliZe meuRlesTan _ xaTunasTan daSvilebTan _ ninosTan da giorgisTan erTad
128
skenderis ufrosi qaliSvili JuJuna SvilTan uCasTanda meuRlesTan _ nodar basiliZesTan erTad
vebda da imeorebda didi qarTveli mgosnis, xmawkriala
poetis _ akaki wereTlis sityvebs:
`WirSic da lxinSicsaWiroa moyvare,rom Sens gulSi nadebimasac gauziaro~-o.
skender bajeliZis rZlebi _marexi, nino da maia
129
skenderis SviliSvili inga basiliZe-surmaniZisameuRlesTan fridon surmaniZesTan da SvilTan
TornikesTan erTad
skender bajeliZis Svilebidan ufrosma qaliSvil-
ma JuJunam gaaxara memed basiliZis ojaxi. man xeli
misca nodar basiliZes. igi Sesaxedavad momxiblavi,
darbaiseli, stumarTmoyvare, megobruli, Tanamdgomi,
gamgebiani pirovnebaa. JuJunam da nodarma sami Svili
gauzardes samSoblos - irma, inga da uCa. ingam ojaxi
Seqmna profesor ramaz surmaniZis vaJiSvilTan, fri-
donTan. gauCndaT Svili Tornike. maT miiRes ded-mamis
tituli, xolo batoni skenderi gaxda didi babua. igi
Zalian amayobda baton ramaz surmaniZis moyvrobiTa da
ingas ojaxiT. SemTxveviTi ar iyo isic, rom skender
maswavleblisadmi miZRvnil yovel RonisZiebas eswre-
boda batoni ramazi da Tbili sityvebiTac miesal-
meboda mas. grZeldeboda bednieri moyvroba... sam-
wuxarod, fridons ukurnebeli seni Seeyara. sad ar
hyavdaT, riT ar umkurnales, rogorc ityvian, qva wam-
lad aqcies, magram veraferma uSvela. ojaxs ubedureba
daatyda Tavs. 45 wlis, warmatebuli da perspeqtiuli
130
axalgazrda kaci, 2011 wlis 28 oqtombers, xangrZlivi
da mZime avadmyofobis Semdeg, gardaicvala. dasaflave-
bulia q. baTumSi, feriis sasaflaoze. fridonis gar-
dacvalebam bevri daamwuxra. am tragediam ZaZebi Caacva
dedas, qalbatonNnazis, uRlis calad datova meuRle
inga, oblad _ Svili Tornike, daamwuxra agreTve mama,
moyvrebi, naTesaoba, axloblebi, megobrebi, kolegebi.
cxovrebas Tavisi wesebi aqvs, uZluri varT mis winaSe.
dagvrCenia erTi ram _ moTmineba da janmrTeloba vu-
survoT qalbaton ingas, Svilis _ Tornikes kargad
aRzrdiTa da cxovrebaSi karg gzaze dayenebiT Tava-
dac gaexarebinos ojaxi, gvari da fridonis sulic,
axloblebi, naTesavebi. ingas ufrosi da _ irma kargi
vaJkacisa da SesaniSnavi ojaxisSvilis, jambul sur-
maniZis meuRlea. hyavT vaJi _ amirani. daojaxebulia
JuJunasa da nodaris vaJiSvili _ uCac, hyavs meuRle _
nato da Svili nikolozi. swored maTTan saubriT, Svi-
liSvilebis mosiyvarulebiTa da alersiT imsubuqeben
bebia da babua (es Tu SesaZlebelia) TavianT mwuxare-
bas.
batoni skenderis meore qaliSvilia eTeri. ufrosi
dis, JuJunas msgavsad, man daamTavra samedicino teq-
nikumi da muSaobda meddis specialobiT qobuleTis sa-
natoriumSi `saqarTvelo~.
eTeri cnobili gvaris nakaiZeebis rZali gaxda. man
Seqmna ojaxi rostom axmedis Ze nakaiZesTan, romelic
aWaris ganaTlebis yofili ministris, baTumis SoTa
rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri in-
stitutis yofili proreqtoris, irakli nakaiZis naTe-
savia. gazardes ori Svili: sulxani da jimSeri. xa-
robda ojaxi da cxovrobda momavlis rwmeniT.
131
skenderis SviliSvili irma basiliZe meuRlesTan _ jambulsurmaniZesTan da vaJiSvilTan _ amiranTan erTad
skenderis qaliSvili eTer bajeliZe-nakaiZisa,SvilebTan _ sulxanTan, jimSerTan da SviliSvilTan erTad
132
samwuxarod, eTers bolomde ar gaumarTla cxov-
rebam. 1996 wlis 12 dekembers gardaecvala meuRle
rostomi da erTaderT imedad Svilebi darCnen.
liana skender bajeliZis nabolara Svilia. man, de-
bisgan gansxvavebiT, sxva gza airCia. 1986 wels daamTav-
ra saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis (amJamad
teqnikuri universiteti) qimiis fakulteti. erTxans mu-
Saobda aWaris ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsebul
baTumis maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis institutSi qimi-
is meToduri kabinetis meTodistad.
liana colad gahyva baTumel nodar akakis Ze evge-niZes, Seqmnes kargi ojaxi. jerjerobiT hyavT erTi Svi-li – giorgi.
pensioneri maswavlebeli am did ojaxur garemoSi,
axlo naTesavebSi, moyvareebSi, kolegebTan, megobrobis
skenderis qaliSvilis lianas da nodar evgeniZisqorwili
skenderis qaliSvili liana bajeliZe da siZe nodarevgeniZe, SvilTan, giorgisTan erTad
133
rangSi ayvanil yofil moswavleebTan SexvedrebiT
`iklavda~ dros. yovelTvis grZnobda maTgan siTbos,
yuradRebas, mokrZalebas, erTgulebas, uziarebda maT
Tavis gamocdilebas, mouTxrobda ganvlili wlebis av-
kargze; iyo optimisti, yovelTvis swamda ukeTesi mo-
mavlis. kargi Svilebi ar izrdebian kargi garemosa da
Rirseuli tradiciebis gareSe. xusein da meriem ba-
jeliZeebis erTgulebiT, winaparTa dafasebiT, moyvre-
bisadmi yuradRebianobiT gamorCeul ojaxSi Svilebic
Rirseulni gaizardnen. isini kargi saxeliT sargeb-
lobdnen yvelgan, sadac umsaxuriaT.
ase grZeldeboda bajeliZeTa tradiciuli ojaxisa
da skender maswavleblis cxovreba...
Tumca iyo usiamovno moulodnelobebic. skender
bajeliZes orjer operacia dasWirda, magram meuRlis,
qalbaton durikos yuradRebiT, Svilebis (JuJunas,
eTeris, lianas), siZeebis (nodar basiliZis, rostom
nakaiZis, nodar evgeniZis), Zmebis (vladimeris, qeskinis),
SviliSvilebis (irmas, ingas, uCas, sulxanis, jimSeris),
naTesav-axloblebis mzrunvelobiT, gamovida mdgoma-
134
reobidan. uxaroda, _ awi ra minda, viqnebi kargado.
Sevxedav ojaxs, moveferebi Svilebs, SviliSvilebs, ba-
buas meti ra sWirdeba amqveynado, _ imeorebda xolme.
naTqvamia, kaci bWobda, RmerTi icinodao... 1986
wels gardaecvala uZvirfasesi pirovneba, silamaziT,
saTnoebiT da momxibvlelobiT gamorCeuli qalbatoni
duriko _ erTguli meuRle da sulieri megobari.
uRliscalad darCa skender maswavlebeli... naTqva-
mia, Tavs zemoT Zala ar ariso, unda Seeguos adamiani,
Tundac aseT umZimes mdgomareobas. skender maswavlebe-
lic `egueboda~ Tavis beds, Tavs damtydar ubedurebas.
marTalia, uyuradRebod arasdros darCenila _ Svile-
bi, SviliSvilebi, Zmebi, maTi ojaxebi, naTesavebi, moyv-
rebi, mezoblebi Tavs evlebodnen, gverdidan ar Sor-
debodnen, martod ar tovebdnen, mdgomareoba Sevumsu-
buqoTo, magram aseTi mdgomareba skender bajeliZis-
Tana moridebuli kacisaTvis mZime gadasatania, Znelad
Sesaguebeli.. es enauTqmeli kaci maSinac Zalian wuxda,
roca Tavisi mdgomareobiT sxvebs awuxebda, Tundac
Svilebs.
$ 9. Rvawli daufasda
miuxedavad didi gvariSvilobisa, mravalricxovani
naTesavebisa, moyvrebisa, axlobel-mezoblebisa da maT
mier Seqmnili Tbili garemosi, meuRlis gardacvale-
biT gamowveul sulier tkivils veraferi cvlida. amas
amCnevdnen ara marto Sinaurebi, aramed Cvenc, misi
yofili moswavleebi. amitom misma aRzrdilebma, xixa-
Ziris saSualo skoladamTavrebulebma, amagdari mas-
wavleblis dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavis sazeimod aR-
135
niSvna gadavwyviteT. amiT gvsurda amagi dagvefasebina
da momavali TaobebisaTvis gveCvenebina misi damsax-
ureba da isic, rom, visac surs amqveynad saxeli dato-
vos, unda akeTos sikeTe, Tesos siyvaruli da siTbo,
rasac samagaliTod asrulebda Cveni skender maswavle-
beli. garda amisa, Cveni mizani iyo am formiT Segvem-
subuqebina misTvis cxovrebiT miyenebuli tkivili,
Rvawlis dafasebiT gagvexarebina, gagvexalisebina misi
sicocxle. am mizniT sainiciativo jgufma Seagrova
sxvadasxva dros mis Sesaxeb gamoqyvenebuli masalebi,
mogonebebi, iubilaris cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis
amsaxveli fotosuraTebi, videomasala da moewyo sain-
tereso gamofena, romelsac amSvenebda aleqsandre be-
gaSvilis lamazi striqonebi:`maswavlebeli mzea pirbadri,irgvliv bavSvebi varskvlavebia,sulis siwminde, gulis simdidresul maswavleblis naswavlebia~.
1996 wlis 6 dekembers, aWaris ganaTlebisa da kul-
turis axlad daarsebuli muzeumis darbazSi Seikrib-
nen skender bajeliZis Tanaklaselebi, Tanakurselebi,
omisdroindeli TanamebrZolebi, kolegebi, misi aRzr-
dilebi.
daniSnul droze darbazi Seivso mowveuli stum-
rebiT. RonisZiebis mesveurebma, saorganzacio jgufis
wevrebma, daikaves adgilebi prezidiumSi, iubilari ki
specialurad gamzadebul da TvalsaCinod dadgmul sa-
varZelSi dabrZanda.
darbazs, sadac RonisZieba gaimarTa, amSvenebda
kargad gaformebuli lozungi aseTi teqstiT: `sayva-relo skender maswavleblo, mxurvaled mogesalmebiTda guliTadad gilocavT dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavs!~
136
skender bajeliZis saiubileo saRamoze.marcxnidan: nikoloz dumbaZe, vladimer bajeliZe (skenderis
Zma), amiran mamulaZe, iubilari skender bajeliZe, misimoswavleebi _ lamara jaiani-dumbaZisa, misi meuRle sergo
dumbaZe, SviliSvili nino da egnate dumbaZe
skender bajeliZis dabadebidan 75 wlisTavis saiubileoSexvedraze. suraTze: iubilaris kolegebi, axloblebi da
aRzrdilebi (baTumi, 1996 wlis 6 dekemberi)
137
yofilma moswavleebma _ lamara jaianma, egnate
dumbaZem, aleqsandre mamulaZem, yofili kolegis, ukve
gardacvlili aslan xaxutaiSvilis meuRlem, pedagogma
vardo xabaZem, Svilebma, SviliSvilebma, megobrebma iu-
bilars miarTves Taigulebi, masTan erTad gadaiRes
samaxsovro suraTebi.
saiubileo saRamo Sesavali sityviT gaxsna aWaris
maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis institutis direqtorma
arCil iSxneliZem.
SekrebilTa winaSe saintereso moxsenebiT warsdga
xixaZiris saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebuli, oqros
medalosani, imJamad aWaris mrewvelobis departamentis
ganyofilebis ufrosi nikoloz dumbaZe. man SekrebilT
gaacno iubilaris biografia, misi cxovrebis, brZoli-
sa da Sromis saintereso epizodebi.
marcxnidan: oTar bajeliZe (biZaSvili), vladimerbajeliZe (Zma), skender bajeliZe, ramaz surmaniZe
(moyvare), nodar basiliZe (siZe), jambul surmaniZe (siZe)
138
iubilars gulTbilad miesalmnen: aWaris avtonomi-
uri respublikis ganaTlebis saministros ganyofile-
bis ufrosi nodar qaTamaZe, romelmac iubilars ga-
dasca samaxsovro sigeli; aWaris kulturis ministri
Teimuraz komaxiZe; aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli
iveri melaZe; iubilaris yofili moswavle, xixaZiris
saSualo skoladamTavrebuli, pirveli oqros mdalo-
sani, imJamad aWaris samuzeumo gaerTianebis direqtori,
nodar cecxlaZe; qobuleTis raionis xucubnis saSu-
alo skolis direqtori, manana abaSiZe; baTumis respu-
blikuri saavadmyofos kardiologiuri ganyofilebis
gamge, medicinis mecnierebaTa kandidati, yofili mos-
wavle da iubilaris mkurnali eqimi, amiran jaiani; q.
baTumis prokuroris moadgile, iuridiul mecnierebaTa
kanditati vano gabaiZe, romelmac, misasalmebeli sity-
vis Semdeg, iubilarisadmi miZRvnili sakuTari leqsi
waikiTxa; saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli,
aWaris ganaTlebis yofili ministri, vaxtang wulukiZe;baTumis kooperaciuli vaWrobis direqtori (yofili
skender bajeliZe kolegebTan erTad
139
moswavle), amiran mamulaZe; aWaris avtonomiuri respu-
blikis socialuri dacvis, Sromisa da dasaqmebis min-
istris pirveli moadgile, daviT mamulaZis saqvel-
moqmedo sazogadoeba `moamage~-s vice-prezidenti vla-dimer mamulaZe, romelmac iubilars gadasca samaxsov-
ro adresi; iubilaris yofili moswavlis, nodar keke-
liZis meuRle surie wulukiZe; xulos raionis sofel
vernebis saSualo skolis direqtori (yofili mos-
wavle) rezo surmaniZe; pensioneri, iubilaris Zma, ssr
kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos yofili deputati, mravali
ordenisa da medlis kavaleri, xucubnis aRiarebuli
Tavkaci vladimer bajeliZe; iubilaris yofili mos-
wavle, imxanad baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis
saxelmwifo universitetis kaTedris gamge, docenti,
amJamad istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
sergo dumbaZe, romelmac aRmzrdel-maswavlebels aCuqa
sakuTari wigni `waruSleli furceli~ (baTumis peda-
gogiuri instituti omis wlebSi), sadac, sxva Taname-
mamuleebTan erTad, gadmocemulia skender bajeliZis
sabrZolo epizodebi.
bolos amaRelvebeli sityva warmoTqva iubilarma,
batonma skender bajelZem. man madloba gadauxada
SekrebilT, iubiles mowyobis iniciator-organizato-
rebs. `TviTonac mwamda, axla kidev erTxel davrwundi,
rom maswavleblobaze didi araferi ar arsebobs. ada-
mianis suls ayalibebs pedagogi. ra SesaniSnavad brZa-
na poetma ioseb noneSvilma: `qveynad beladic ara yo-
fila, maswavlebeli rom ara hyoloda.~ ramdeni Ses-
aniSnavi adamianis CamoyalibebaSi midevs wili. amaze
meti simdidre arc arsebobs, albaT, qveynad. kidev
140
erTxel madloba yvelafrisTvis~, _ ase daamTavra
saTqmeli iubilarma veteranma.1
sazeimo ganwyobas kidev ufro met elfers aZlevda
maswavleblisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi, romelsac kiTx-
ulobdnen moswavleebi, gzadagza sruldeboda kargad
momzadebuli da moxdenilad CarTuli mxatvruli nom-
rebi.
iubilari daloces, madloba uTxres, janmrTeloba
da xangrZlivi sicocxle usurves da kvlav moefernen
mis saxelze gaSlil sufrasTan, romelsac usxdnen:
skender bajeliZe (iubilari), nikoloz dumbaZe (Ta-
mada), nadia jibuti, (iubilaris leqtori), vladimer
bajeliZe (iubilaris Zma), arCil takiZe (politologi),
akaki surmaniZe (daxelovnebis institutis direqtoris
moadgile), SoTa bolqvaZe (Txilvanis saSualo skolis
direqtori), vaxtang wulukiZe (ganaTlebis yofili min-
istri), ramaz surmaniZe (iubilaris moyvare, profeso-
ri), manana abaSiZe (xucubnis saSualo skolis direqto-
ri), ciskara kaikaciSvili (xucubnis saSualo skolis
maswavlebeli), arCil iSxneliZe (daxelovnebis insti-
tutis direqtori, kolega), zurab komaxiZe (iubilaris
Tanakurseli), anzor cecxlaZe (aWaris statistikis
sammarTvelos ufrosi), nodar basiliZe (iubilaris
ufrosi siZe), iveri melaZe (iubilaris uaxloesi mego-
bari, kolega), givi xarabaZe (mrewvelobis saministros
TanamSromeli), sergo jaiani (iubilaris kolega, misi
pirveli maspinZeli xixaZirSi), Temur gogmaCaZe (iu-
bilaris Tanasofleli, biologiis mecnierebaTa doq-
tori, profesori), oTar bajeliZe (iubilaris biZaSvi-
li), Saqro falavandiSvili (bsu geografiis kaTedris
gamge, profesori), Tamaz xozrevaniZe (skolis direqto-
1 gaz. `aWara~, 14 inavari, 1997 w. gv. 2.
141
ris _ dimitri xozrevaniZis Svili), Temur xozrevaniZe
(yofili moswavlis _ xuseinis Svili), besarion gabaiZe
(yofili kolegis _ levanis Svili), nodar cecxlaZe,
givi gabaiZe, levan gabaiZe, amiran gabaiZe, beso gabaiZe,
vano gabaiZe, akaki gabaiZe, akaki surmaniZe, egnate dum-
baZe, levan surmaniZe (stomatologi), amiran mamulaZe,
lamara jaiani, sergo dumbaZe, vladimer xalvaSi (yo-
fili moswavleebi xixaZiris saSualo skolidan).
saiubileo misaloci sufra didxans gagrZelda,
dailia iubilaris, mis mier ganvlili gzis, samSoblo-
saqarTvelos sadidebeli, mSoblebis, maswavleblebis,
megobrebis, siyvarulis, kacurkacobis, maswavlebl-mos-
wavleTa urTierTobis sadRegrZeloebi. paralelurad,
gzadagza ismoda erovnul-patriotuli simRerebi, imar-
Teboda cekvebi, oxunjobani. sufra gvianobamde gagr-
Zelda da didi kmayofilebiT dasrulda. gamxiarule-
buli iubilari da dafasebuli maswavlebeli xvevna-fe-
rebiT binamde gavacileT, Semdeg erTmaneTs davemSvi-
dobeT da yvelani gaveSureT saxlebisken. sazeimo Ro-
nisZieba, misi damamSvenebeli da damagvirgvinebeli sa-
Ramo-vaxSami saintereso da dauviwyar dRed iqca, rac
maswavlebel-moswavleTa urTierTobaSi STambeWdav da
istoriul furclad darCeba TiToeuli maTganis xsov-
naSi.
mkiTxvels vTxovT, es wigni damsaxurebul aRmzr-
del-maswavlebelze ar CaTvalos moswavleTa mier mas-
wavleblis ubralo qebad. batoni skenderi namdvilad
imsaxurebda amgvar damokidebulebas, saiubileo saR-
amoze gamomsvlelTa kontingenti, didi paTosiTa da
siyvaruliT savse misalmebebi, misi amagis damfaseb-
lebiT gaWedili darbazi aSkarad metyvelebda iu-
bilaris maRal Rirsebasa da damsaxurebaze.
142
aWaris assr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis 1973
wlis 11 ianvris brZanebulebiT, skender xuseinis Ze
bajeliZes xangrZlivi da nayofieri moRvaweobisaTvis
mieniWa aWaris assr skolis damsaxurebuli maswavleb-
lis sapatio wodeba, xolo dabadebidan 75-e wlisTav-
Tan dakavSirebiT, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uz-
enaesma sabWom igi sapatio sigeliT daajildova. ai
isic:
`aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sabWos
prezidiumisb r Z a n e b u l e b a
s. x. bajeliZis aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uze-
naesi sabWos sapatio sigeliT dajildoebis Sesaxeb.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sabWosprezidiumi adgens:
saxalxo ganaTlebis dargSi xangrZlivi da nayofieri
moRvaweobisaTvis, dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavTan da-kavSirebiT, pensioneri, aWaris damsaxurebuli
maswavlebeli
skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZedajildovdes aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis
uzenaesi sabWos sapatio sigeliT.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sabWos
Tavmjdomare a. abaSiZe.q. baTumi, 1997 wlis 27 maisi~.
omis veteran skender bajeliZes yuradReba ar mok-
lebia faSizmze gamarjvebis saiubileo dReebSi, ker-
Zod, 30-e, 50-e, me-60 wlisTavebis sazeimo dReebSi is
daajildoves saiubileo medlebiT, samgzis (1971, 1973,
1975 ww.) arCeuli iyo qobuleTis raionis xucubnis sa-
soflo sabWos deputatad. xalxis rCeuli iyo, uyvar-
daT da afasebdnen mas patiosani, samarTliani da saq-
143
miani Tvisebebis gamo. Tavad xalxis siyvaruli yvelaze
did jildod miaCnda.
istoriaSi cnobili pirovnebis napoleon bona-
partis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, xelisuflebis, sardlis
Tu ubralo meTaurisagan miRebuli jildo misi mate-
rialuri SinaarsiT ki ar izomeba, aramed is gamox-
atavs sxvadasxva doneze xelisufalis, xelmZRvanelis
Tu meTauris yuradRebas da Seni Rvawlis dafaseba-
aRiarebas oficialurad. vfiqrobT, gamgebisaTvis ko-
mentari zedmeti iqneba!
skender bajeliZis daxasiaTeba mocemulia aWaris
avtonomiuri respublikis ganaTlebis saministros ko-
legiis masalebSi, ministris brZanebebSi, xulosa da
qobuleTis raionebis ganaTlebis ganyofilebebis sab-
Woebis sxdomebis masalebsa da gamgeebis brZanebebSi,
masze saubaria araerT gamocemul wignSi.1 arafers vam-
1 d. xozrevaniZe, skola mTaSi, baTumi, 1958; s. dumbaZe, aWarisavtonomiuri respublika meore msoflio omis periodSi (1939-1945ww), baTumi, 2005; n. dumbaZe, s. dumbaZe, xixaneli xevisberi, Tb.,2006; s. dumbaZe, saxelovani xixaneli, Tb., 2008; i. xalvaSi, skolaxixanis ZirSi, baTumi, 2006.
saxalxo deputatis mowmoba
144
amiran jaianieqimi, kardiologi
medicinis mecnierebaTakandidati
bobT sagazeTo werilebze, romelSic asaxulia
skender bejeliZis Rvawli.
yovelive es, Cveni azriT, aris Rvawlmosili peda-
gogis, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis, omisa da
Sromis veteranis saxelisa da saqmis ukvdavyofa, misi
xelTuqmneli Zegli.
aWaris amagdari maswavleblis, batoni skender ba-
jeliZis Rvawli da pedagogiuri moRvaweobis mokle
anonsi mocemulia maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis insti-
tutis da sazogadoeba `moamagis~ gamgeobis mier mom-
zadebul adresebSi, romelic warmodgenilia winamdeba-
re wignis meoTxe ganyofilebaSi.
$ 10. ukanaskneli Sexvedraveteran maswavlebelTan
pensiaSi gasvlis Semdeg
skender maswavlebeli xSirad
Camodioda q. baTumSi Tavisi qa-
liSvilis _ JuJunas ojaxSi.
drois did nawils aq ata-
rebda. amasTan, periodulad
dadioda konsultaciebze medi-
cinis mecnierebaTa kandidat-
Tan, amiran jaianTan, respu-
blikuri saavadmyofos kar-
diologiur ganyofilebaSi.
eqimi misi moswavle iyo xixa-
Ziris saSualo skolaSi. ami-
145
omisa da Sromisveterani
skender bajeliZe
rans uyvarda Tavisi aRmzrdeli maswavlebeli da did
pativs scemda mas. igi zrunavda maswavleblis janmrTe-
lobaze ara marto Tavisi konsultaciebiTa da medi-
kamentebiT, aramed eniTac, tkbili sityviTa da yurad-
RebiT.
Cven, misi moswavleebi, sis-
tematiurad vurekavdiT siZis _
nodar basiliZis binaSi tele-fonze, movikiTxavdiT maswav-
leblis janmrTelobis mdgoma-
reobas, zogjer ki vakiTxavdiT
piradadac. CvenTan saubari
mxneobas matebda. imxanad Tva-
lis operacia gaikeTa da mxed-veloba droebiT daqveiTebuli
hqonda, ver gvcnobda, gvarCevda
xmiT. madlobas gvetyoda da
davemSvidobebodiT. bevrjer qa-liSvili da siZe dagvidgamdnen
magidaze sasmels, daloceT
maswavlebelio, _ gvetyodnen. ise Tbilad, tkbilad da
taqtianad, rom uaris Tqma mogerideboda, maswavlebeli
ki uxerxulobis mosaxsnelad dagvavalebda. ras
vizamdiT, davemorCilebodiT, SeveqceodiT warsulze,
omze, qveyanaze, skolaze saubriT. bolos, keTili sur-vilebiT davemSvidobebodiT da wavidodiT.
skender maswavlebels arc eqimebis, arc Svilebis,
siZeebis Tu SviliSvilebis, naTesavebis Tu moyvrebis
yuradReba ar aklda. TandaTanobiT janmrTeloba gau-
umjobesda, mxedveloba moemata, fexzec wamodga, magram
quCaSi martod gamosvlas Tavs aridebda, moZraoba
uWirda. es is dro iyo, roca qveyana faSizmze gamarj-
146
vebis 60 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad emzadeboda. misma
mowafeebma gadavwyviteT, omis veterani maswavleblis
kidev erTxel gaxseneba didi saiubileo dReebis win.
davurekeT telefonze, movikiTxeT janmrTeloba, Tu
SeZlebda qalaqSi gamosvlas, cotaTi gaviseirnoT-Tqo.
esiamovna. SevTanxmdiT. daniSnul droze mivakiTxeT
msubuqi avtomanqaniT. koxtad Cacmul-daxuruli, Tavisi
siberis originaluri joxiT gamosuliyo ezoSi _ ar
valodinoo, ijda da gveloda (gamoirCeoda punqtua-
lobiTa da akuratulobiT). es iyo 2005 wlis 9 maisi.
gavediT qalaqSi, revoluciis (amJamad xelovnebis)
muzeumis skverSi. fotografic moviyvaneT da gadavi-
ReT suraTi faSizmze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavis aRsa-
niSnavad. gauxarda, gaxalisda veterani, alaparakda
ukanaskneli Sexvedra veteran maswavlebelTan.marcxnidan: sergo dumbaZe, skender bajeliZe,
nikoloz dumbaZe, egnate dumbaZe
147
Cveni dinji da sityvaZviri sayvareli maswavlebeli.
moridebiT SevapareT, skender maswavlebelo, am sa-
maxsovro suraTs, gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavis iubiles
mouxdeba sasmisebiT dalocva, rom Zala hqondes Cvens
Sexvedraso, – gavexumreT. amasTan, veWvobdiT, uars
gvetyoda janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo. Cvenda gas-
axarad, daviTanxmeT. iqve axlos, sergo bolqvaZis kafe-
barSi CamovjeqiT. davloceT gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavi,
veteranebi; Cveni maswavleblis TamadobiT, movigoneT
omSi daRupulebi, janmrTeloba da xangrZlivi sicocx-
le vusurveT mas. ase saxeldaxelod aRvniSneT faSiz-
mze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavi veteran maswavlebelTan
erTad. es aRmoCnda Cveni bolo Sexvedra sayvarel ped-
agogTan. erTi wlis Semdeg, gamarjvebis 61-e weli, mis
gareSe aRvniSneT, samagierod, mis mosagoneblad gazeT
`aWaris~ 2006 wlis 9 maisis nomerSi movaTavseT werili
`ukanaskneli Sexvedra veteran maswavlebelTan~ wina
wels masTan erTad gadaRebuli suraTiT.
Sexvedra 60 wlisTavze, baTumi, 2005 w. 9 maisiamiran gabaiZe, skender bajeliZe, egnate dumbaZe
148
`zustad erTi wlis winaT, 2005 wlis 9 maiss, fa-
Sizmze gamarjvebis mesamoce wlisTavs yofili Tanak-
laselebi, megobrebi: amiran gabaiZe, nikoloz, egnate
da sergo dumbaZeebi SevxvdiT Cvens aRmzrdel peda-
gogs, omis veterans, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis
damsaxurebul maswavlebels skender bajeliZes. ga-
marjvebis saiubileo wlis aRsaniSnavad, suraTebic ki
gadaviReT da vaCuqeT mas. miuxedavad xandazmulobisa
da SeuZlod yofnisa, batoni skenderi CvenTan erTad
sufrasTan dajda. cota Rvinosac Seepara, gaxalisda,
moigona Tavisi bavSvoba, swavlis wlebi, amagdari ped-
agogebi, faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros gamov-
lili mZime dReebi. skender bajeliZe omis dawyebis
dRidanve mamacurad ebrZoda mters. ordenebi da med-
lebi daimsaxura, magram, samwuxarod, bedma omis dros
tyveobac arguna _ prusiis, poloneTis sakoncentracio
banakebSi. tyveobidan Tavdaxsnis Semdeg, e. w. `safil-
tracio banakSi~ dakiTxes, Seamowmes da kvlav gaamwe-
ses jarSi samsaxurisTvis. igi demobilizebul iqna
1946 wels.
man sixaruliT moigona omis Semdgom umaRles sas-
wavlebelSi gatarebuli periodi, nayofieri pedagogi-
uri moRvaweoba xulos raionis xixaZiris saSualo
skolaSi, sadac 1952 wlidan 1959 wlamde iRvawa. Semdeg
qobuleTis raionis skolebSi, jer CaisubanSi da bo-
los mSobliur xucubanSi muSaobda.
sufrasTan man siamayiT isic gviTxra, rom yvelaze
did jildod, Cemi 75-e wlisTavis gamo, 1996 wels, ba-
TumSi Tqveni, Cemi madlieri aRzrdilebis mier mowyo-
bili Sexvedra mimaCniao.
Cven, mis yofil moswavleebs, kargad gvaxsovs isic,
rom maSin, mas, sxvebTan erTad, sakuTari leqsiT
149
miesalma yofili moswavle, iuridiul mecnierebaTa
kandidati, docenti vano gabaiZe:
`RmerTma gacocxloT, batono skender,
kargad SegvargeT gamTbari grZnoba~.(leqsis sruli teqsti ixileT Semdeg ganyofilebaSi)
vemzadebodiT maswavleblis 85-e wlisTavis aRsa-
niSnavadac, magram... faSimzze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavis
aRniSvna, masTn yofna da saubari, samwuxarod, ukanask-
neli aRmoCnda.
wavida Cvengan samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli, Sro-
miTa da saqmiT gamorCeuli, saukeTeso adamianuri Tvi-
sebebiT Semkuli mamuliSvili.
raoden guldasawyvetia, rom dRes, faSizmze ga-
marjvebis samocdameerTe wlisTavs Cven skender baje-
liZesTan erTad ver vxvdebiT, Tumca misi sicocxle da
saqme dauviwyari iqneba CvenTvis, misi aRzrdilebisaT-
vis.
Tqveni omaxiani xma, dinji, damajerebeli da Tbili
saubari, logikuri msjeloba, azrTa wyoba anTebul
lamprad darCeba aRzrdilTa mexsierebaSi, Zvirfaso
skender maswavlebelo!
moswavleTa jgufi~(gaz. `aWara~, # 83, samSabaTi, 9 maisi, 2006. gv. 9).
150
$11. veterani maswavlebeli emzadeboda85 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad, magram...
adamianis cxovreba iyofa or periodad: aRmavali
(sicocxlis pirveli naxevari) da daRmavali (sicocx-
lis meore naxevari). periodebs konkretuli wlebis
dasaxelebiT ver ganvsazRvravT, es adamianis sicocx-
lis dasrulebamde SeuZlebelia. wlebiT gansazRvra
Tu dadgena xdeba konkretul pirovnebebze mxolod
gardacvalebis Semdeg.
asea yvela adamianis da maT Soris, skender baje-
liZis mimarTac.
skender maswavleblis cxovrebac grZeldeboda, mis
dReebs emateboda dReebi, kvirebs _ kvirebi, wlebs _
wlebi. es iyo misi sicocxlis aRmavali xana. Semdeg
dadga meore, daRmavali periodi, roca mis sicocxles
akldeboda wlebi, Tveebi... Cven, mis irgvliv Tu garSe-
mo myofni, Sinauri Tu gareSeni, vgrZnobdiT amas,
vamxnevebdiT, xan iubilis aRniSvniT, xan sigeliT, xix-
aZirSi kursdamTavrebulTa araerT Sevxedraze mowve-
viT, sagazeTo werilebiT, mis Sesaxeb wignebSi weriT,
sxva jildoebiT, masTan SexvedrebiT, tkbili sau-
brebiT, warsulis gaxsenebiT... veterans gansakuTrebiT
ainteresebda da emzadeboda kidevac dabadebidan 85 da
faSizmze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavebis aRsaniSnavad.
Cvenc, yofili mowafeebi, amJamad megobrebi, ojaxi, Si-
naurebi saiubileo Tadarigs viWerdiT, magram, sam-
wuxarod, igi moulodnelad gardaicvala.
adamianebma kargad unda gavacnobieroT, rom si-
cocxle sikvdiliT mTavrdeba da fasdeba imis mixed-
viT, Tu ra kvali datova saiqiosken mimavalma saaqaoSi,
amqveyanaze.
151
didi ilia brZanebda, `kacs ori saxeli unda hqon-
des, erTi aq dasarCeni, meore ki Tan wasayolio~. ilias
am brZnul sentencias agrZelebs didi qarTveli mwe-
rali da humanisti nodar dumbaZe, rodesac ambobs, rom
`is meore, Tanwasayoli saxeli Cvenma madlierma Svi-
lebma unda dagvaweron saflavis qvaze, oRond is sax-
eli WeSmariti unda iyos, radgan mogonili saxeli
kacs arc iq da arc aq ar gamoadgeba.~1 adamiani sikvdi-
lis Semdeg fizikurad kvdeba, gadainacvlebs amqvey-
nidan imqveynad, romelsac qarTvelma kacma, `mudmivi
sasufeveli~ uwoda da Tu wasayoli saxeli WeSmaritia,
aseT kacze `mokvda~-s nacvlad ityvian _ `gardaic-
vala~-o. es sityva ixmareba adamianis keTilSobilebisa
da misdami sazogadoebis pativiscemis gamosaxatavad.
adamiani imdenad unda gaisarjos, rom amaRldes `gar-
dacvalebis~ doneze. am gamoTqmebSi gansxvavebuli Si-
naarsia Caqsovili. es iqidanac Cans, rom sikvdilis
Semdeg avi, boroti adamianis augad moxsenebisTvis
ityvian: `sasikvdile iyo, an `RmerTma miasikvdilao~.
keTilSobil, Rirseul pirovnebaze ki ityvian: `sawya-
li, gardaicvala~, `RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi su-
li~ da a. S.
skender maswavlebeli iyo swored keTilSobili
pirovneba, Rirseuli moqalaqe. mTeli Tavisi cxovreba
uangarod emsaxura samSoblos, axalgazrdobis swavla-
aRzrdis saqveyno saqmes, misi sityvebiT Tu vityviT,
`adamianebis pirovnebad Camoyalibebas~. didi da naTe-
li kvali datova am qveyanaSi: lamazi ojaxi, kargad
gazrdili Svilebi da SvilSvilebi, hyavda gamor-
Ceuli, kacTmoyvare Zmebi, ded-mamisSvilebi, moyvrebi,
1 n. dumbaZe, STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb., 1984, gv.102.
152
naTesaoba, aseulobiT pirovnebad Camoyalibebuli mo-
wafe. mis aRzrdilTa Soris arian pedagogebi, eqimebi,
inJinrebi, iuristebi, ekonomistebi, teqnologebi, Jurna-
listebi, poetebi, mwerlebi. meuRlis dakargviT gamow-
veul mwuxarebas imsubuqebda (Tu es SeiZleba saerTod)
axloblebis TanadgomiT, Tavisi naamagariT, miRweuli
SedegebiT, danatovari memkvidreobiT, aRzrdilebiT.
sicocxlis bolo dReebSi moulodnelad sTxova
qaliSvils da siZes _ JuJunas da nodars _ baTumidan
qobuleTSi waeyvanaT, meore qaliSvilTan, eTerTan
(rogorc Cans, Tavad grZnobda Tavis aRsasruls da
undoda mSobliur sofelSi yofna). es survili
Seusru-les Svilebma, naTesaobam.
qalbatoni eTeri Tavs evleboda mamas, eqimi da
wamali ar daukliaT misTvis Svilebs, SviliSvilebs
da naTesaobas, magram uSedegod. is mTlianad daixar-
ja, misi sicocxlis aRsasrulis wuTebi dadga.
$12. yvelam guliT daitira igi
ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa
gza viwro, verca kldovani.
SoTa rusTaveli
2005 wlis 28 ivliss gardaicvala Svilebis sayva-
reli mama, SviliSvilebis mosiyvarule babua, naTesao-
bis saukeTeso warmomadgeneli, aWaris damsaxurebuli
maswavlebeli, didi samamulo omis veterani, Rvawlmo-
sili pedagogi skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe. ori sax-
eli hqonda skender maswavlebels. erTi saxeli Tan
gahyva saiqioSi _ `keTilSobili~, `kargi kaci~, meore,
153
nodar dumbaZis TqmiT, WeSmariti saxeli ki aq, saaqao-
Si, amqveynad darCa. skender bajeliZis kaikacoba, mis-
dami uzomo siyvaruli naTlad gamoCnda masTan gam-
oTxovebis dReebSi. didebul adamians mistirodnen ara
marto ojaxi, naTesaoba, xucubani da qobuleTi, aramed
aWaris raionebi, sxvadasxva qalaqidan _ Tbilisidan,
goridan, quTaisidan, baTumidan mosuli megobrebi,
moswavleebi, nacnobebi, stumrebi. didi xalxmravloba
iyo, dadga ukanasknel gzaze gacilebis Jami. sacx-
ovrebeli saxlis win, farTo ezoSi moewyo misi dakr-
Zalvisadmi miZRvnili xalxmravali samgloviaro mit-
ingi. ukanaskneli gza dauloces marTlac dalocvil
kacs da naTelSi yofna usurves mudmiv sasufevelSi.
mitingis dasrulebis Semdeg, xalxmravali samglo-
viaro procesia gaemarTa bajeliZeTa sagvareulo sas-
aflaosken, sadac sakuTari xeliT momzadebuli origi-
naluri saflavi daxvda meuRle durikos gverdiT. iqve
axlos ganisveneben skender bajeliZis mSoblebi _
qalbatoni meriemi da batoni xuseini, saqveynod saxel-
moxveWili Zma, yvelasTvis sayvareli da saTayvanebeli
pirovneba vladimer bajeliZe, skender maswavleblis
biZa aslan bajeliZe, biZaSvili ali (aleqsandre) ba-
jeliZe da bajeliZeTa gvaris sxva warmomadgenlebi.
RmerTma gacxonos, skender maswavlebelo, Cveno
sayvarelo aRmzrdelo!
Cven, sanam suli gvidgas, ar dagiviwyebT, movalT
saflavTan, mogeferebiT, yvavilebs gaCuqebT...
154
bajeliZeTa sagvareulo sasaflao
skender da durie bajeliZeebis saflavi
155
es saflavi, Seni STamomavloba, datovebuli WeSma-
riti saxeli, gakeTebuli realuri saqme, da es wigni _
Seni Zegli iqneba aw da maradis, ukuniTi ukunisamde,
skender maswavleblo. Senma aRzrdilebma, rac SevZe-
liT, gavakeTeT Tqvenda gasaxarad. Tu raime dagake-
liT, gvjera, Seni didi suli gvapatiebs. sabolood
gpirdebiT: madlierebiT mogigonebT yovelTvis, sanam
suli gvidgas. Tqveni da sxva maswavleblebis naTeli
xsovna waruSleli iqneba Cvens gulebSi.
skender bajeliZis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb infor-
macia-gancxadebebi da nekrologebi gamoqveynda sxvada-
sxva gazeTSi.
* * *
skender bajeliZe(nekrologi)
gardaicvala omisa da Sromis veterani, aWaris av-
tonomiuri respublikis skolis damsaxurebuli mas-
wavlebeli skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe.
daibada 1921 wels qobuleTis raionis sofel xucu-
banSi.
1938 wels daamTavra soflis saSualo skola. baTu-
mis #1 pedagogiuri saswavleblis dasrulebisTanave,
qveyana samamulo omis qarcecxlSi gaexvia da isic sam-
Soblos damcvelTa rigebSi Cadga.
bedma omis wlebSi tyveoba arguna _ prusiis, pol-
oneTis sakoncentracio banakebSi, Semdeg moxvda daniis
kunZul redbuzeze, qalaq odenzeSi. tyveobidan Tav-
156
daxsnils mouwia e. w. `safiltracio~ banakSi dakiTxva-
Semowmeba da kvlav daabrunes sabWoTa armiis rigebSi,
saidanac mxolod 1946 wels dabrunda.
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo
pedagogiuri institutis geografiis fakultetis damTa-
vrebis Semdeg, 1952 wels, samuSaod xulos raionis saz-
Rvrispira sofel xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi gaamweses.
axalgazrda pedagogma imTaviTve moipova siyvaruli
da pativiscema pedagogiur koleqtivSi, moswavle axal-
gazrdobaSi, male daawinaures kidec saswavlo nawilis
gamged.
1959 wels samuSaod gadavida Tavissave raionSi.
jer moRvaweobda Caisubnis skola-internatSi, Semdeg,
1976 wlidan, xucubnis saSualo skolaSi geografiis
maswavleblad da organizatorad.
skender bajeliZes daufasda Rvawli: mas 1973 wels
mieniWa aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis sapatio
wodeba. dajildoebuli iyo sabrZolo didebis orde-
niT, medlebiTa da avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi
sabWos sapatio sigeliT.
igi Cveuli siamayiT Sexvda faSizmze gamarjvebis
60 wlisTavs da daRupulTa Sesandobari warmoTqva.
1996 wlis 6 dekembers, baTumis maswavlebelTa dax-
elovnebis institutma, daviT mamulaZis saqvelmoqmedo
sazogadoeba `moamagem~ da xixaZiris saSualo skolis
kursdamTavrebulebma pativi miages skender maswavle-
bels _ aWaris ganaTlebisa da kulturis muzeumSi sa-
zeimod aRniSnes misi dabadebidan 75 wlisTavi.
wavida Cvengan samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli, Sro-
miTa da saqmiT gamorCeuli, saukeTeso adamianuri
TvisebebiT Semkuli mamuliSvili.
157
skender bajeliZis saxe da saxeli dauviwyari iqneba
kolegebis, naTesav-megobrebisa da aRzrdilTa xsovnaSi.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis ganaTlebis,
kulturisa da sportis saministro;aWaris omis, Sromisa da samxedro Zalebis veteranTa respu-
blikuri sabWo;daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazogadoeba `moamage~.
gaz. `aWara~ 1.08.2005 w.
* * *
nekrologis teqsti gamoqveynda gazeT `xulos~
furclebzec. nekrologs xels aweren: xulos raionis
gamgeoba; daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazogadoeba `moa-
mage~; xulos ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis gan-
yofileba, xixaZiris SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saS-
ualo skola.gaz. `xulo~, 26-27, 8.08.2005.
* * *
gazeT `baTumelebSi~ yofili moswavleebis sax-
eliT gamoqveynda samZimris gancxadeba.
skender bajeliZeRrma mwuxareba dagveufla Cveni aRmzrdel-maswav-
leblis, omis da Sromis veteranis, aWaris avtonomiuri
respublikis damsaxurebuli maswavleblis, baton sken-
der bajeliZis gardacvalebis gamo.
didia baton skenderis amagi xixaZireli axalgazr-
debis mimarT, amitomac mSobeliviT gviyvarda igi, yo-
velTvis gvixaroda masTan Sexvedra da misi alersi,
amitomac cxare cremlebiT davtiriT mis gardacvale-
bas.nikoloz dumbaZe, sergo dumbaZe.
gaz. `baTumelebi~, #26, 6-13 ivlisi, 2005 w. gv. 8
158
batoni skender bajeliZis gardacvalebis gamo
gazeTebis meSveobiT ojaxs samZimari gamoucxades ax-
loblebma, kolegebma, megobrebma, qobuleTisa da xu-
los raionebis xelmZRvanelobam.
ase dasrulda skender maswavleblis saaqao cxov-
reba da daiwyo mudmivi, saiqio cxovrebis periodi.
mSvidad iZineT sasufevelSi, batono skender.
159
mesame ganyofileba
xixaZirs ra damaviwyebssamSoblos da xalxissiyvaruli uberebelia
`TiTqmis naxevari saukune gavida mas Semdeg, rac me
1959 wels davemSvidobe xixaZiris saSualo skolas,
moswavle axalgazrdobasa da gulalal mosaxleobas,
magram aq gatarebuli Sromisa da cxovrebis wlebi
samudamod SemorCa Cems mexsierebas.
sakmaod mZime da faTerakebiT aRsavse iyo Cemi
cxovrebis gza. ver vityvi, rom Cems ojaxs uWirda
maSin, roca me vizrdebodi. davamTavre xucubnis saSu-
lo skola da baTumis pedagogiuri saswavlebeli, ma-
gram Semdeg didi tanjva da wameba gadamxda samamulo
omSi brZolis dros. bedma gatanjuls tyveobac
xixaZiris saSualo skolis ganaxlebuli Senoba
160
marguna da movxvdi prusiasa da poloneTSi, saidanac
gadmomiyvanes daniis kunZul redbuzeze, qalaq oden-
zeSi... tyveobidan dabrunebis Semdeg e. w. `safiltra-
cio~ banakSi gaviare dakiTxva-Semowmeba da Semdeg
kvlav Camricxes sabWoTa armiis rigebSi, saidanac
mxolod 1946 wels viqeni demobilizebuli. cotaodeni
dasvenebis, sulieri simSvidis dauflebis Semdeg, misa-
Rebi gamocdebi Cavabare da 1948 wels Caviricxe baTu-
mis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo peda-
gogiuri institutis (amJamad universiteti) geografiis
fakultetze. 1952 wels, institutis damTavrebisTanave,
samuSaod xulos raionis xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi
gamamweses. es CemTvis Zneli saqme iyo, sagonebelSi Cav-
vardi, rogor memuSava CemTvis ucnob adgilas, anda,
gana mqonda saamisod Sinagani xalisi Tu ganwyoba? ma-
gram kvlavac imZlavra CemSi patriotulma grZnobam,
pedagogis mowodebam: emsaxure Sens xalxs, Sens qveyana-
so. rogorc Cavedi am sazRvrispira sofelSi, maSinaTve
vigrZeni cxovrebis siZnele _ sapasporto reJimi, me-
sazRvreTa kontroli, rac mzaravda tyveobaSi namyof
kacs. sofelsac omis mZime kvali aCnda, Wirda cxov-
reba. skolaSi adgilobrivi maswavleblebi mxolod
dawyebiT klasebSi iyvnen, ZiriTadad saqarTvelos sxva-
dasxva kuTxidan movlinebuli axalbeda maswavleblebi
muSaobdnen, romelTac mZime pirobebSi uxdebodaT mu-
Saoba.
xixaZirSi misvlisTanave vigrZeni mTavari, rac
CemTvis esoden gamamxnevebeli da saWiro iyo: mosax-
leobis yuradReba, siTbo da siyvaruli. sacxovrebeli
binac ukeTilSobilesi adamianis, guliani kacis osman
gabaiZis saxlSi davide.
161
Cemi muSaobis periodSi, direqtoris ZalisxmeviT,
Seiqmna profesionali specialistebis erTad Sekruli
pedagogiuri koleqtivi, romelSic Serwymuli iyo ad-
gilobrivi da mowveuli specialistebis interesebi.
mTavari yuradReba gadatanili gvqonda saswavlo-saaR-
mzrdelo procesis sworad warmarTvaze, pedagogTa
codnis, gamocdilebis miznobrivad gamoyenebaze, mas-
wavlebelTa Sromisa da cxovrebis normaluri piro-
bebis Seqmnaze.
am skolis istoriaze, imis rolisa da mniSvnelo-
bis gaSuqebaze, vfiqrob, farTod iqneba sxvaTa mogo-
nebebSi, amitom me mxolod zogierT Strixze ga-
vamaxvileb yuradRebas.
mainc ras gamovyofdi xixaZiris saSulo skolaSi
Cemi muSaobis periodidan?
pirveli. mosaxleobis, mSobelTa interesi da yur-
adReba swavlisadmi da, amdenad, Tanadgoma da zrunva
mozardTa swavla-aRzrdisadmi, maswavleblis Rirsebi-
sa da avtoritetis dacvisadmi.
meore. moswavle-axalgazrdobis xalasi niWiereba,
mondomeba da swrafva codnis, ganaTlebis misaRebad. am
mdgomareobas isic aZlierebda, rom raionSi bevri ar
iyo saSualo skola. pirvel xanebSi xixaZiris saSua-
lo skola erTaderTi iyo sxalTa-xixanis xeobaSi, Sua-
xevis raionSi ki axalad ixsneboda saSualo skolebi.
amitom aq saswavleblad modiodnen Suaxevis raionis
mareTis, sakuTriv sxalTa-xixanis xeobebis rvaklasdam-
Tavrebuli moswavleebi. 1953 wels mecxre klasSi TiTq-
mis 60-ze meti moswavle Cairicxa da amitom ori par-
aleluri mecxre klasi Seiqmna.
162
marcxnidan:skender bajeliZe, oTaroCigava, givi Todria
mesame. skolaSi Seiqm-
na marTlac sanimuSo, maR-
alkvalificiuri, didi pa-
suxismgeblobis mqone pe-
dagogTa erTiani ojaxi,
romlis upirvelesi miza-
ni axalgazrdobis swav-
la-aRzrda, namdvil moqa-
laqeebad Camoyalibeba
iyo. TavianTi akademiuri
done, muSaobis didi gam-
ocdileba gamoiyenes Cemma
kolegebma, romlebmac Sem-
dgomSi respublikis sxva-
dasxva raionsa da qalaq-
Sic nayofierad iRvawes. aba, vis daaviwydeba xixaZirSi
gamobrZmedili saxelovani pedagogebi, rogorebic iyv-
nen: roland bolqvaZe, evgenia kuzmina, giorgi sirabiZe,
oTar oCigava, Taliko rusieSvili, daviT Rlonti, li-
ana baramiZe, givi Todria, ana alfaiZe, daviT gogoZe,
revaz beraZe, aslan xaxutaiSvili, arCil iSxneliZe,
sergo jaiani, ioseb abaSiZe da sxvebi. sagulisxmoa,
rom bevrma maTganma (aslan xaxutaiSvili, revaz beraZe,
ioseb abaSiZe) SemdgomSi samecniero xarisxi moipoves
da mecnierul moRvaweobas Seudgnen, umravlesobas sa-
qarTvelos da aWaris damsaxurebuli pedagogis sapa-
tio wodebebi mieniWaT (s. jaiani, a. iSxneliZe, a. al-
faiZe, r. bolqvaZe, d. Rlonti, g. sirabiZe, g. Todria).
mjera, rom xixaZiri ar daiviwyebs am pedagogTa da
sxvaTa umwikvlo, patiosan Sromas da did amags Tavis
mkvidrTa winaSe.
163
daviT mamulaZe _aWaris pirveliadgilobrivixelmZRvaneli
(1910-1981)Tavkaci
meoTxe. Cven, xixaZireli pedagogebi, vgrZnobdiT
respublikis, raionis xelmZRvanelobis mudmiv yur-
adRebas, Cveni muSaobis saTanadod dafasebasa da aRi-
arebas, rasac didi mniSvneloba hqonda TiToeuli Cven-
ganisaTvis.
mexuTe da mTavari is iyo, rom skolas hyavda gamo-
cdili, Tavis saqmeze Seyvarebuli pedagogi, dauRalavi
da energiuli, didi pasuxismgeblobis mqone direqtori
dimitri xozrevaniZe. misi xelmZRvanelobiT yovelwli-
urad umjobesdeboda saswavlo-saaRmzrdelo procesi,
skolis, saskolo internatis materialur-teqnikuri ba-
za. igi did daxmarebas uwevda axalbeda pedagogebs
daostatebaSi, Seudarebeli unari da taqti gaaCnda
moswavleTa mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi, soflis aqtiv-
Tan TanamSromlobaSi. amitomac iyo, rom bevrjer ga-
naTlebis saministros, raionis ganyofilebas skolis
muSaobis Seswavlis Sedegebi ganuzogadoebiaT da da-
debiTi Sefaseba miuciaT yovelTvis. davsZen, rom xixa-
ZirSi Cemi Svidwliani moRvaweo-
bis Semdeg sxvadasxva skolaSi mo-
mixda muSaoba, magram maTi Sedare-
bac ar SeiZleba xixaZiris saSua-
lo skolasTan.
Cemi xixaZirSi muSaoba minda
gavixseno sxva mxrivac. Cveni sko-
la, aWaris maSindeli Tavkacis,
didi pirovnebis daviT mamulaZismudmivi yuradRebis qveS iyo. mas
axarebda Cveni skolis warmatebe-
bi, xSiradac gvstumrobda, ecnbo-
da Cvens muSaobas. erT-erTi stu-
robis dros igi skolaSi movida
164
xulos raikomis pirveli mdivnis aleqsandre qoniaZisa
da raiaRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris simon beriZis Tanx-
lebiT. batoni daviTi Sexvda pedkoleqtivs, Segvaqo
kargi muSaobisTvis, madloba gadauxada skolis direq-
tors, pedgogebs warmatebiTi muSaobisTvis da gvesaub-
ra samomavlo amocanebze. wasvlisas batonma daviTma
hkiTxa skolis direqtors raime daxmareba xom ar
gWirdebaTo.
am dros mamaCemi sofel xucubanSi CemTvis sacxov-
rebel saxls aSenebda. Wirda samSeneblo masalebis,
gansakuTrebiT, cementis SeZena. direqtors gamovutydi
da vuTxari: ra iqneba, baton daviTs vTxovoT daxmare-
ba cementis gamoyofaSi-meTqi, swored damSvidobebisas
skolis direqtorma madloba gadauxada baton daviTs
da Tanac uTxra: _ Cems moadgiles, omis monawiles
skender bajeliZes sacxovrebli saxlis asaSeneblad
cementi esaWiroeba da daxmarebasac mxolod am sa-
kiTxis mogvarebaSi gTxovTo. man siamovnebiT gamomarT-
va gancxadeba, Caido jibeSi da Segvpirda daxmarebas.
skender bajeliZis sacxovrebeli saxlisofel xucubanSi
165
vladimer bajeliZis sacxovrebeli saxlisofel xucubanSi
qeskin bajeliZis sacxovrebeli saxlisofel xucubanSi
166
male gamomiZaxes aWarkoopkavSirSi da gamomiyves
saWiro raodenobis cementi da sazafxulo ardadegebis
periodSi movaxerxe sacxovrebeli saxlis aSeneba da
msurs aqve didi kmayofilebiT madloba vuTxra CemTvis
gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis am uaRresad humanur adami-
anebs.
bevri ramis gaxseneba SemiZlia xixaZiris saSualo
skolis Sesaxeb. dae, bevri sxvebmac Tqvan, magram, mainc
mTavari _ msurs gamovxato didi madloba Cemi xixa-
Zirelebis mimarT. amas rom vambob, ra Tqma unda, mxed-
velobaSi maqvs maSindeli sasoflo sabWoSi Semavali
soflebi: vernebi, raqvTa, fuSrukauli, kaloTa, skvana,
Txilvana, bako, sakuTriv xixaZiri, misi mcxovreblebi
da axalgazrdebi. dResac Tvalwin midganan xixaZireli
xevisberebi: baTal iSxneliZe, esker, Tufan gabaiZeebi,
filipe mamulaZe, avTandil jaiani, Suqri, mixeil dum-
xixaZiris saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebulTa Sexvedra30 wlis Semdeg
167
baZeebi, osman, viqtor cecxlaZeebi, irodion, valeri,
genadi xalvaSebi, vezir abaSiZe, rejebali gabaiZe, ar-
Cil abaSiZe, maxmud mamulaZe, simon vardosaniZe, xasan
surmaniZe da sxvebi, romlebic CemTvis sidarbaislis,
kuTxis patriotobis, kacurkacobis gansaxierebani iyv-
nen.
rogor SeiZleba ar gaxsovdes saqarTvelos damsa-
xurebuli pedagogi sergo jaiani, misi stumarTmoyva-
reoba, Tanadgoma da daxmareba (Cemi _ xixaZirSi pirve-
lad Casuli stumris pirveli maspinZeli swored misi
ojaxi iyo), damsaxurebuli pedagogis arCil iSxnel-
iZis, musto miqelaZis, emine, nespie da dursun ga-
baiZeebis, mzevinar jaianis, zurab beriZis Rvawli; xa-
Sim xalvaSis, folad jaianis didi Sroma, skolis mu-
Sakebis _ osman, xusein gabaiZeebis, yurSum, Sadie xal-
vaSebis mier daTesili siTbo da siyvaruli.
ar damaviwydeba aseTi SemTxvevac. gasuli saukunis
70-iani wlebi iyo. qobuleTidan Camosulma sakolmeur-
neo bazarSi Seviare. roca savaWro daxlebTan Caviare,
umalve SevigrZen erT-erT daxlTan mdgomi kacis Ri-
miliani mzera da misken Sevbrundi. man ki miTxra: _
Tqven xom skender maswavlebeli xarTo, ki-meTqi, vuTx-
ari, saidan micnobT-meTqi. rogor ar gicnobT, mTeli
xixaZiri saTuTad inaxavs Tqvens saxels, swored Tqve-
nisTanebis sispetake, sindis-namusi iyo, rom mSoblebi
siamovnebiT, damSvidebulni vagzavnidiT TqvenTan sas-
wavleblad Cvens qaliSvilebso. sixaruliT gadavexvie
im kacs da samagiero madloba vuTxari. igi sofel ver-
nebidan aRmoCnda.
meamayeba, rom xixaZirSi Cemi muSaoba alalad Seir-
ges Cemma moswavleebma, romlebmac masaxeles Semdgom-
Sic. TavianTi swavla-moRvaweobiT, da dResac, roca me
168
85 wels vuaxlovdebi, Cemi Rirseuli moswavleebi Cem-
Tan arian Wirsa da lxinSi, Tavs mevlebian, mafaseben
da pativs momageben, rogorc SeuZliaT. am mxriv mad-
lobis meti ra meTqmis. erTi aTad avmRldi sakuTar
TavSi, Cemi naTesavebis, axloblebis winaSe, roca 1996
wlis 6 dekembers Cemma yofilma xixaZirelma mos-
wavleebma 75 wlis iubile gadamixades q. baTumSi, ga-
naTlebisa da kulturis muzeumSi. gana marto moswav-
leebi, mTeli xixaZiri aq iyo, yvela ganaTebuli saxiT,
didi siyvaruliT mefereboda da sixarulis cremls
mafrqvevinebdnen. Tavi respublikis ganaTlebis orga-
noebis amgadarebmac Seiwuxes, Semaqes da janmrTeloba
misurves. didi sawyeni ki is iyo, rom am dros ukve
cocxlebi aRar iyvnen daviT mamulaZe, aleqsandre qo-
niaZe da dimitri xozrevaniZe.
ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno is moswavleebic da mSob-
liuri madloba ar vuTxra Cems yofil moswavleebs,
Cemi mciredi amagis didad damfaseblebs, rogorebic
arian: nodar cecxlaZe, egnate, nikoloz, sergo
dumbaZeebi, onise, levan surmaniZeebi, amiran mamulaZe,
amiran da aleqsandre jaianebi, mamia xalvaSi, aleqsan-
dre da jambul mamulaZeebi, amiran, vano, givi, ioseb,
SoTa, nodar, evgeni gabaiZeebi, lamara jaiani, jemal
beriZe, guram baraTaSvili, besarion SainiZe, mzia, da-
riko, vladimer xalvaSebi, nodar kekeliZe, Tamar cecx-
laZe, Tamaz mamulaZe, solomon TuraZe, SoTa qamaSiZe,
mravali da mravali sxva. raoden sawyenia, rom amaTgan
zogi ukve aRar aris Cvens rigebSi, romelTadmi siyva-
ruli Cems gulSi ar Senelebula.maxsendeba xixaZirSi ramdenjerme mowyobili Sex-
vedrebi kursdamTavrebulebTan, sadac gviwvevdnenCvenc, maswavleblebsac. gansakuTrebiT damamaxsovrda
169
1956 wlis kursdamTavrebulTa Sexvedrebi 1976 da 1986wlebSi, riTac mogveca didi saSualeba dagveTvalie-rebina Cemi davaJkacebis adgilebi, kidev erTxel mivsu-liyavi Cemi direqtoris, kolegisa da megobris saflav-Tan, kidevac davmtkbariyavi Cemi xixaZireli kolegebis,megobrebis, sapativcemulo adamianebis xilviT da er-Tad puris gatexviT. vinatrebdi, kvlavac mexilos si-amovnebis aseTi dReebi, Tuki janmrTeloba momcemsamis saSualebas.
kvlavac CiraRdaniviT anaTebdes xixaZiris skola,kvlavac gaezardos Rirseulebi da qveynis samsaxurSiCaeyenebinos maTi niWi am istoriuli kuTxis Svilebs.
meamayeba, rom xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi vmuSaob-di~.
skender bajeliZe,xixaZiris saSualo skolis
saswavlo nawilis gamge (1954-1959 ww),
omisa da Sromis veterani,aWaris damsaxurebuli pedagogi.
sofeli xucubani, 2004 wlis seqtemberi
170
meoTxe ganyofileba
kristaluri siwmindis da maRalizneobis gansaxiereba iyo...
skender bajeliZis 75 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnilisaiubileo saRamoze (1996 wlis 16 dekemberi)
warmoTqmuli misalmebebi da mogonebebi
m i s a l m e b e b i
misalmeba _ mofereba, siTbos gamoxatvaa.
arCil iSxneliZeaWaris maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis
institutis direqtori,
aWaris skolis damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli
batono skender!
xuTi aTeuli welia, rac cxovrebis SuagulSi
trialebT, mamulis, qveynis, adamianebis, sikeTis samsa-
xurSi iRvwiT da mozardebis cxovrebis gzas ostatis
xeliT CarxavT.
Znelia striqonebSi Caatio is didi Rvawli da ama-
gi, rac Tqven saxalxo ganaTlebis ganviTarebisa da
axalgazrdobis aRzrdaSi migiZRviT. Tqven ganvleT
rTuli, magram lamazi SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis gza.
ukeTiSobilesi profesia – pedagogoba airCieT, ma-
gram saswavleblis kursdamTavrebuls Jurnalis nacv-
lad SaSxanis aReba mogixdaT xelSi.
171
xuTi weli vaJkacuri SemarTebiT, raindulad iareT
omis cecxlovan gzaze. samSoblos winaSe valmoxdilma
ki mozardi Taobis aRzrdis samsaxurSi CadeqiT da
uRalatod, muxlCauxrelad kacuri kacis sindisiT da
namusiT, TavdadebiT emsaxureT qveynis xvalineli dRis
_ axalgazrdobis sulieri formirebis saqmes.
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Tqveni nayofieri moRva-
weoba xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi. am saswavlo keram
mTel aWaraSi gaiTqva saxeli, raSic, cnobil direq-
torTan _ dimitri xozrevaniZesTan erTad, Tqvenc didi
wvlili migiZRviT.
batono skender, yvelgan, sadac ki imoRvaweT _ xu-
los raionis xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi, qobuleTis
raionis Caisubnis skola-internatSi, mSobliuri xu-
cubnis saSualo skolaSi Tu sxvagan, yvelgan Tqveni
sityva TqviT da keTili kvali datoveT.
gilocavT dabadebis 75-e wlisTavs. mzegrZeloba
da dRegrZeloba, sixaruli da bedniereba ar mogkle-
bodeT. iareT didxans am lamaz qveyanaSi Tqven keTili
RimiliT, Wkviani sityviT, marTali saqmiT.
172
vladimer mamulaZedaviT mamulaZis saxelobis
sazogadoeba `moamagis~ prezidenti
aWaris damsaxurebul pedagogs, omisa da Sromisveterans, Rrmad pativcemul
skender bajeliZes(misalmeba-adresi)
batono skender!
bednieria is, vinc Tavisi gavlili gziT amayobs.
Tqven aseT bednier adamianTa ricxvs ekuTvniT, radga-
nac ise icxovreT da imoRvaweT, rom Tqvens upirveles
sazrunavs yovelTvis qveynisa da xalxis interesebi
warmoadgenda. kargad gvesmis, rom ia-vardebiT mofenil
gzebze ar givliaT. didi gansacdelebi da tragediebi
gamoiareT, baTumis pedsaswavleblis damTavrebisTanave,
TanatolebTan erTad, omis qarcecxlSi gaexvieT.
Tqven warmoadgenT im didebul, valmoxdil Taobas,
romlis Rirseulma warmomadgenlebma 50-iani wlebis
dasawyisSi aWaris mTianeTs miaSureT da fasdaudebeli
wvlili SeitaneT am kuTxis axalgazrdobaSi ganaTle-
bis uqrobi CiraRdnis anTebisTvis. Tqveni moRvaweoba
xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi daemTxva im periods, roca
aWaraSi, avtonomiuri respublikis maSindeli xelmZRva-
nelis daviT mamulaZis TaosnobiT, safuZveli eyreboda
adgilobrivi inteligenciis aRzrda-Camoyalibebis sa-
SviliSvilo saqmes, kuTxis ekonomikur, sulier da
kulturul aRorZinebas. siamayiT unda iTqvas, rom
Tqvenma Taobam es Zneli da sapatio misia brwyinvaled
Seasrula.
173
Tqvengan gulanTebulma da dalocvilma bevrma Wa-
bukma da qaliSvilma umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo da
gza gaikvala mecnierebaSic. yovel aRsazrdels uner-
gavdiT mSobliuri xalxis, qveynis siyvaruls, pativis-
cemas Rirseuli adamianebisadmi, Tqven humanisti peda-
gogis kvali datoveT yvelgan, sadac ki gimuSaviaT.
Tqven mier gavlili gza aris patiosani, spetaki,
Tavisi saqmis erTguli, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli,
mraval Wirgadatanili qeduxreli kacis misabaZi maga-
liTi.
Tqvens amags arasodes daiviwyebs STamomavloba.
batono skender! daviT mamulaZis saqvelmoqmedo sa-
zogadoeba `moamagis~ gamgeoba guliTadad gilocavT
dabadebis 75 wlisTavs, gisurvebT janmrTelobas, dRe-
grZelobas da did adamianur bednierebas.
174
iveri melaZeaWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli
batono skender!
naxevari saukune burgalebs Cvens urTierTobaSi.
Wabukobidan Cvenma samsaxurebrivma saqmianobam da pi-
radma bunebam gadagvjaWva, mkacrad dagvaaxlova, dagva-
megobra da amis gamoc arasodes dRemde erTmaneTisaT-
vis batonobiT ar migvimarTavs...
albaT, gagikvirdaT kidec, ase rom SegexmianeT, ma-
gram es xom dRes maincdamainc Cemi Tqvendami oficia-
luri momarTvaa da CavTvale, ase ufro upriani iqne-
boda... da axla Tqveni TanadgomiT, upirvelesad, uRr-
mesi madlierebiT mivmarTav Cveni dRevandeli am Tavy-
rilobis organizatorT _ am CvenTvis sicocxlisa da
sixarulis gamaxangrZlivebeli, mogonebaTa amaforiaqe-
beli SexvedrisaTvis!..
gamarjveba dabedebodeT maT yovel gzasavals!
. . .Zvirfaso skender!
grZeli da mZime cxovreba ganvleT: naxevari sauku-
nis win maswavlebloba, dRevandelTan SedarebiT, uf-
ro didi sazogadoebrivad datvirTuli moRvaweobis
tolfasi ram iyo. xom bevrjer gvivlia fexiT Tovlsa
da yinvaSi sxalTidan, zogjer baTumidanac, `Soria xi-
xaZiramde~... amzevebulni arc qobuleTis raionSi er-
Tad muSaobisas vyofilovarT.
utransportoba, mgzavroba urmiT, cxeniT, fexiT...
gza grZeli xSirad, sagzliT zurgze.
paradoqsebiani saukunis Svilebi varT... ramdeni
tkiviliani dro gqoniaT... Tqven, upatiosnesi, uspeta-
kesi, ukeTilSobilesi, pirTamde marTali kaci, misayuJ-
175
misamaladac ki gagxadaT cxovrebam. Cemo skender! omga-
daxdilsa da Rvawlmosils SiSi agkidebodaT avi lan-
diviT...
ramdenjer Tqven, brZensa da Rirseul kacs, gulSi
Cagiklavs uRirsTa Semoteva, rodesac Tqvengan raime
praqtikulsa da Wkvianurs ver aitandnen...
magram guli?!
ramden ram daetia am sacodavs gulSi?!
magondeba erT-erTi saSualo skolis ezo... TuTis
xis CrdilSi aseTi Semotevisas Tqveni maRalzneobrivi
TavSekaveba...
es mxolod Cven _ orma viciT... sxva amisi mowme
dRes ukve aRaraa cocxali, Zvirfaso skender!... mas
Semdeg samyaros drois mier ukideganobaSi maradiso-
bisaTvis mcire, magram CvenTvis sakmo didi droc gavi-
da.
ras izam... cxovreba xom xSirad ulmobelia?!
Tqven samSobloze _ daujerebeli winaaRmdegobeb-
iT aRsavse saqarTveloze _ ganuzomlad Seyvarebuli
pirovneba brZandebiT... xSirad cremlebamde misula am
mxriv moZalebuli gancda...
Tqven solidur asaks miaRwieT... karga xania dage-
TovlaT Tma... magram, erTi swavlulis Tqmisa ar iyos,
`es sispetake gasxivosnebulia patiosani da Rirseuli
SromiT... ikiTxon mxolod maT, visac es siTeTre av-
kacobiTa da kacTmoZuleobiT dautvirTavT!..
Tqven mZime da Zneli profesiis Sesabamis damaSv-ra-
li wlebi ganvleT, magram mainc ar dakargeT maRali
suli...
SemiZlia vTqva, rom epoqasTan mimarTebaSi, Seni
samSoblos gavlili dReebis gancdiT, tragikuli pi-
rovneba xarT...
176
da ra ubedurebaa, rom jerjerobiT _ dResac ver
vxedavT nanatris Rirseulad aRsrulebas...
Tqveni hobia sikeTis Tesva _ sxvisTvis bednierebis
miniWeba; xarT didi interancionalisti, mterSic ki
Rirseuls eZebT da yovel am adamianobis gamovlenas
uaRresad afasebT...
adamianSi Rirsebas poulobT da misgan yovel sike-
Tes siRrmiseulad SehxariT, afasebT da ar iviwyebT;
usityvod _ praqtikulad unda gadauxadoT igi mas.
erTguleba gaxarebT sxvisi...
cxovrebis yvelaze Wirveul dros dakargeT sami
kargi Svilis gamzrdeli, erTguli, Tbili, moyvaruli
da nawvalebi patiosani meuRle...
iyaviT da xarT kargi megobari, mama da... uRlis-
cali.
Tqven saukeTeso gvaris Camomavali brZandebiT. mi-
maCnia, rom TviT es gvari imsaxurebs apologias _ qeba-
Taqebas.
didi konstantine, Tavis `dionisos RimilSi~ Cveni
saukunis gariJraJze SeniSnavda, rom dasavleTSi didi
xania, rac daiwyo mamakacebis gadagvarebao... dRes iq da
saerTod qveynad sayuriani, Tavsafriani, kulul-kiki-
nebiani gardakacebulni momZlavrdnen. Tqven ki, batono
skender, XXI saukunis kviraZalzec SeinarCuneT mamaka-
curi xibli, rixi, niWi, kacurkacoba, rac yvela Tqvens
axlobels, megobars, naTesavs kanonieri siamayis grZno-
bas gvaniWebs da gvaxarebs.
esaa, rom gavlili cxovrebis simZimilma erTgvarad
Rimili gagiqroT saxeze...
did frang mwerals _ viqtor hiugos gausaZlisma
yoveldRiurma sawuxarma Turme Rimili wartaca saxi-
dan... ramdeni ecadnen, rom igi aReZraT da aRebeWdaT
fotofirze... bolos Wkvianma fotografma aparatis win,
177
suraTis gadaRebisas, patara balRi auelvara – auTa-
maSa – aucqriala da ai, maSin mostaces mis saxes Ri-
mili...
es Rimili qveynis momavlisa _ axali Taobisa
gaxlavT, Cemo skender...
Tqven dRes dgaxarT Tavisebur fotoaparatTan,
romlis garSemo TqvenTvis Rimilis mosagvrelad Semo-
krebilan Tqveni kargi Svilebi, lamazi SviliSvilebi
da naamagar kacs Tavs gaxvevia – gamSveneben... aqvea uam-
ravi moswavle, amjerad Tqveni megobrebi _ Tqveni amag-
is Rirseulad Semcnobni... romlebic TvalebSi Semog-
cicineben. Tqvenc nu mogiSaloT maTi siyvaruli Zmao,
skender!
mainc minda davZino: ramdeni siTbo da didi gulia
CaRvenTili Tqvens naRvlian mzeraSi... Tqvens pirovne-
bas raindobisa da wmindanobis Saravandedi adgas, mo-
savs da aSuqebs...
Tqven amaRlebulis saxeli grCebaT am qveyanaze...
. . .batono skender! amdeni gesaubreT da SegawuxeT Ce-
mi naubriT, magram mainc, ukmayofilebis grZnoba meuf-
leba...
rom SeiZlebodes, me Tavidan davwerdi Tqvens Sesa-
qebar sityvas, magram veWvob, iseTi gamomivides, rac
Tqven SegeferebaT da TqvenTvis memeteba!
Zvel Sumerebs uTqvamT: `namdvili damweri is aris,
visi xelic azrs misdevso~...
netav cotaTi mainc Tu SevZeli me es _ azrisa Dda
xelis midevneba?
didxans eyoleT am Tqvens pativismcemel sazoga-
doebas, Tqvens sapatio wres, janmrTelad, saRad, Cveno
amagdaro pirovnebav!
178
ramaz surmaniZemwerali, profesori
skender bajeliZe
marto am gvaris gagoneba uaxloes warsuls gagax-
senebs da mogagonebs im Rirseul mamuliSvilebs, rom-
lebmac TavianTi sikeTiT, qvelmoqmedebiT, sispetakiTa
da RvawliT Rirseuli kvali datoves Cveni saukunis
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. romeli erTi CamovTvalo,
saxelovani mxedarTmTavari aslan bajeliZe, Tu Sromis
gmiri vladimer bajeliZe, iuristi jemal bajeliZe Tu
profesori – ekonomisti ali bajeliZe.
yvela maTganis biografia imdenad mdidaria, rom
isini calke monografiebs imsaxureben. albaT, Cveni
Taoba amasac gaakeTebs da Rirseulad daafasebs xu-
cubneli didkacebis amags da sikeTiT gavlil gzas.
skenderis Tavze, rogorc ityvian, kevrs ar gada-
uvlia, danarCeni, yvela siave iwvnia, magram suliT da
sxeuliT Zalmosilebam Tavisi gaitana da igi, SeiZleba
iTqvas, mSvidi xandazmulobiT wavida am wuTisofli-
dan.
am goliaTi kacisaTvis yvelaze didi gamocda iyo
meore msoflio omi, romelmac mravali misi Tanamebr-
Zoli da megobari imsxverpla mtris alyaSi moqceuli
da saswaulebrivad gadarCenili skenderis cxovreba
umZimes pirobebSi gagrZelda, faSistTagan okupirebul
qveynebSi, saidanac gaqcevis TiTqmis yvela mcdeloba
uSedegod dasrulda.
samSobloSi dabrunebuli skender bajeliZisaTvis
axali cxovreba iwyeba. kacTmoyvare adamianma aseve hu-
manuri dargi _ maswavlebloba airCia da igi uZvelesi
179
istoriiTa da tradiciebiT mdidari maRalmTiani xi-
xanis xeobis mozardTa aRzrdis msaxuri gaxda.
pirvelad misi aRzrdilebis, madlieri moswavlee-
bis wreSi Sevxvdi am RvawliT damZimebul kacs da pir-
velive saubrebiT davrwmundi, rom misi saxiT Cvens in-
teleqtualur sazogadoebas hyavs WeSmariti patrioti,
mamuliSvili da aRmzrdeli, romelic mzadaa, uari
Tqvas pirad fufunebaze da sakuTari gonebrivi da ma-
terialuri SesaZleblobebi adamianebis keTildReobas
moaxmaros. magram mTavari marto es rodia. mTavari da
arsebiTi isaa, rom mamuliSvilobas, kacTmoyvareobas,
patiosnebasa da simamaces igi unergavda yvelas, Tavis
mravalricxovan Segirdebs, ojaxis wevrebsa da gvariS-
vilTa did wres. amiT Rvawlmosilma pedagogma xixa-
Zirsa da mSobliur raionSi erTgvarad ganagrZo
adgilobriv didaqtikosTa Rirseuli saqmianoba da
amiT Cvens Taobebs Tavic maradiulad daamaxsovra.
verc daiviwyeben, radgan pedagogobidan aTeuli
wlebis gavlis Semdegac skender bajeliZe moikiTxavda
xolme Tavis aRzrdilebs, gaigebda maT winsvlas da
sixaruliT ivseboda, uyuradRebod ar tovebda Wir-va-
ramsac da SeZlebisdagvarad mamaSvilur xelsac uwv-
dida.
skender bajeliZis sibrZne, sispetake da sikeTe
CemTvis kidev ufro cxadi gaxda, roca Cvens ojaxebs
Soris moyvruli urTierToba damyarda, misi SviliS-
vili Cemi rZali gaxda da am qorwnebam Cvens gvarSi
axali siTbo da siyvaruli Semoitana.
visac erTxel mainc mousmenia skender bajeliZis
dinji, Rrmad Sinarsiani baasi, albaT, arasodes daa-
viwydeba gonebanaTeli, ubralo da upretenzio kaci,
romelmac gaiara warsulis sikeTe-siaviT damZimebuli
cxovreba da xalxis winaSe valmoxdili wavida mara-
diul sasufevelSi.
180
vano gabaiZeiuridiul mecnierebaTa
kandidati, yofili moswavle
mokle sityvis Semdeg miesalma leqsiT:
baton skender bajeliZes _ 75
samocdaTxuTmeti gazafxuli kacurad ganvleT,
omi da brZola, ojaxi, skola,
yvela es tvirTi medgrad atareT,
gveamayeba Tqvens gverdiT dgoma.
bevri daTeseT, bevri moimkeT
siyvaruli da pativiscema,
Tqvengan viswavleT da STavinergeT,
kacurkacoba, sindisi, Sroma.
ornaxevari aTeuli wliT,
kidev gvWirdeba Tqveni Tandgoma,
RmerTma gacocxloT, batono skender,
barem SegvargeT gamTbari grZnoba.
181
m o g o n e b e b i
mogoneba _ xelaxla gancdaa.
rostom gunTaiSviliiuristi
Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze sayvarelimaswavlebeli
Cems cxovrebaSi, rac dro gadis, sakuTar Tavs
vusvam SekiTxvas, vin aris is pirovneba, romelsac Cems
maswavleblad miviCnev im maswavlebelTa da pedagogTa
didi jgufidan, romlebmac didi wvlili Seitanes Cemi
pirovnebis formirebaSi. aseTi adamianebi bevria, magram
maTgan gamorCeulad didi madlierebiT vigoneb CemTvis
dauviwyar baton skender bajeliZes, romelic qobule-
Tis raionis ulamazes sofel xucubnis saSualo sko-
laSi maswavlida. Cemi azriT, bednieri arian is ada-
mianebi, visac raime Sexeba hqonia am didebul pirovne-
basTan. uwinare yovlisa, igi gamoirCeoda Tavisi vaJka-
curi da axovani ieriT, uaRresad didi ganswavlulo-
biTa da pirovnuli siTboTi, romelsac igi avlenda
nebismieri Cveni Sexvedris dros. miuxedavad imisa, rom
Cven Soris didi asakobrivi gansxvaveba iyo, Ceens ur-
TierTobaSi aseTi ar igrZnoboda. me yovelTvis siTbo-
Ti mommarTavda da moikiTxavda Cems mSoblebs, babuas
da bebias. vicodi, rom Cven sisxliT naTesavebic viya-
viT, dedaCemis bebia batoni skenderis didi mamida iyo.
batoni skenderi erTi weliwadi maswavlida, es iyo 1966
182
wels, mas Semdeg didi dro gavida, magram arasdros
maviwydeba es pirovneba.
gasuli saukunis bolos batoni nikoloz da sergo
dumbaZeebisgan Sevityve, rom Cven erTi maswavlebeli
gvyolia da maT mimarT ufro didi simpaTia da megob-
ruli urTierToba gamiCnda, radgan sxvadasxva dros
da sxvadasxva adgilas, erTi da igive pirovneba iyo
Cveni maswavlebeli. CvenTvis es pirovneba iyo gamorCeu-
li da madlierebiT mosagonari pedagogi.
Cems am mogonebas sxvadasxva adamianebi waikiTxaven,
maT Soris albaT, axalgazrdebic iqnebian. me maT vu-
surveb, rom iseTi maswavlebeli hyolodeT, odnav
mainc rom hgavdes Cems did maswavlebels _ baton sken-
der bajeliZes.
amqveyniuridan imqveyniurSi gadasvlis Semdeg,
imeds ar vkargav, rom baton skenders Sevxvdebi da ki-
dev erTxel da mravaljer did madlobas movaxseneb
didi qarTvelobisTvis da kargi kacobisTvis.
183
amiran mamulaZeyofili moswavle
ukvdavia maswavlebeli
vinc moixada am soflad vali,
is mkvdaric cocxlobs, ar aris mkvdari.akaki wereTeli
Cemma Tanaskolelma, xixaZiris saSualo skoladam-
Tavrebulma, SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis baTumis sax-
elmwifo universitetis profesorma sergo dumbaZem
saubarSi gamimxila, rom skender maswavlebelze (orive
misi yofili moswavle varT) patara wigns vamzadebT
da xom ar moigonebT raimes mis Sesaxebo. misi azri
momewona da Sevasrule es Txovna.
xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi swavlis gagrZelebis
pirvelsave dReebSi bevri kargi aRmzrdel-maswavlebe-
li gavicani, romlebmac Rrma kvali datoves CemSi, maT
Soris iyo xixaZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawi-
lis gamge, geografiis maswavlebeli skender bajeliZe
_ sulieri siwmindis da moraluri sispetakis, yur-
adRebianobis da gulisxmierebis, samarTlianobisa da
momTxovnelobis, uangarobisa da keTilSobilebis eta-
loni. maRali, TeTri saxe, Savi Tma da ulvaSebi qmnida
mis mimzidvel habituss, odnav mxrebSi moxrili (omSi
miyenebuli WrilobebiT gamowveuli), brge vaJkaci,
saocrad keTili, romelsac axasiaTebda iSviaTi, magram
Taviseburi Rimili. misi erT-erTi saukeTeso Tviseba
iyo adamianisaTvis bolomde mosmena, usmenda yvelas:
moswavle iyo, skolis maswavlebeli Tu rigiTi moqa-
laqe, usmenda imden xans, sanam mosaubre saubars ga-
184
nagrZobda, arasodes Cagereoda saubarSi, gismenda in-
teresiT, ara rogorc moswavles, aramed rogorc Ta-
naswors, azris Tanamoziares. grZnobdi, rom saqme gqon-
da uRirseules pirovnebasTan, gamorCeul pedagogTan,
aRmzrdelTan. dauviwyaria misi gakveTilebi. saintere-
sod saubrobda axali masalis axsnis dros. is arasd-
ros ar qadagebda, saubrobda, gixsnida, gaswavlida,
azrs giziarebda. Tavisufal dros xSirad internatSi
mcxovreb moswavleebTan atarebda, cxovrebisaTvis
gvamzadebda, STagvagonebda moswavleebs, rom momavali
axalgazrdobas ekuTvnis da qveynis marTvasa da mis
ayvavebas SeZleben mxolod mcodne, ganaTlebuli ada-
mianebi. amitomac gvinergavda siyvaruls da gvaCvevda
Sromas, sistemtur mecadineobas. misi Rvawli Cvendami
maswavleblobiT ar Semoifargleboda. igi iyo mzrun-
veli aRmzrdeli, cxovrobda erTi fiqriT da erTi
mizniT, rac SeiZleba ganaTlebuli da wesieri axal-
gazrdebi aRezarda. yovelTvis interesdeboda moswav-
leTa swavlis, cxovrebis da Sromis pirobebiT, exma-
reboda mravalSvilian ojaxebs, martoxela moxucebs,
avadmyofebsa da umweoebs. skender maswavleblis Cven-
dami mzrunvelobis naTelsayofad gavixsenebT erT
saintereso moments.
1959 wels mTaSi didi Tovli movida. xixaZiris
centrSi Tovlis safari sam metrs aRwevda, maRalTmian
mezobel soflebSi ki ufro meti iyo. ramdenime dRe-
Rame SeuCerebliv Tovda, Sewyda moZraoba. skolisa da
internatis erTsarTuliani Senobebi TovliT Caixerga.
puris gamocxobasa da sasadilos muSaobaze laparakic
zedmeti iyo. internatis moswavleebi saxlidan
motanili produqtebis amara davrCiT. Tovlis safaris
simaRlis gamo, fanjrebidan dRis sinaTle ver aRwevda,
185
skolisa da internatis Senobebs safrTxe Seeqmna. mo-
salodneli avariis Tavidan asacileblad, internate-
lebi SevudeqiT saxuravis gadmoTovlas. moswavleTa
erTi nawili Senobebs vacilebdiT Tovls, fanjrebidan
rom oTaxebSi sinaTle Semosuliyo. gausaZlis piro-
bebSi vimZlavreT TiTqmis ori dRe. bolos da bolos
daviRaleT, mogvSivda da araqaTi gamogvecala. Cvenda
sabednierod, mesame dRes, SuadRis Semdeg gamoidara,
Sewyda Tova, saRamos internatis fanjridan SevniSneT
susti, mbJutavi wertili gzaSi, romelic win moiwevda.
mgzavrs uWirda gzis gakvleva, Segvecoda. biWebma
gadavwyviteT daxmarebis gaweva, skolidan maswav-
lebelTa sacxovreblamde daaxloebiT samasi metri
gza gavkvaleT, rom mgzavri mogveyvana CvenTan, inter-
antSi.
ukve binddeboda. ar vicodiT, vin iyo momavali
mgzavri. roca kvali gavitaneT da momaval mgzavrs
mivuaxlovdiT, vnaxeT, rom erTi ki ara, ori pirovneba
iyo. momavalni skolis direqtori dimitri xozrevaniZe
da saswavlo nawilis gamge skender bajeliZe aRmoCnd-
nen. maT skender maswavleblis ojaxSi kerZebi moemza-
debinaT da mohqondaT moswavleebisaTvis. is Rame da
momdevno sami dRe skender maswavleblis ojaxSi mom-
zadebuli kerZebiT gavitaneT internatelma moswav-
leebma. gagvimarTla imiT, rom im weliwads skender
maswavleblis meuRle, qalbatoni duriko xixaZirSi
darCa. vidre soflis puris sacxobi amuSavdeboda,
mesazRvreebi gvamaragebdnen puriT.
xixaZirSi mZime viTareba Seiqmna, didTovlobas
daemata isic, rom sofelSi mSobiare qalis samSobiaro
saxlSi saswrafod gadayvana darCa saWiro, sikvdil-
sicocxlis sakiTxi wydeboda. sikeTem gaimarjva boro-
186
tebaze. skolis direqtori, sulmnaTi dimitri xoz-
revaniZe mesazRvreTa xaziT daukavSirda partiis
aWaris saolqo komitetis pirvel mdivans, baton daviT
mamulaZes. moaxsena arsebuli mZime mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb da daxmareba sTxova. ori saaTis Semdeg xixa-
ZirSi daeSva vertmfreni kvebis produqtebiT, ukan ki
mZime avadmyofi qali gadaiyvana baTumSi. ase gadavur-
CiT internatis moswavleebi SimSils, xolo mSobiare
deda-Svili _ daRupvas. ase zrunavdnen skolis direq-
tori da saswavlo nawilis gamge ara marto skolis
moswavleebsa da pedagogiur koleqtivze, aramed
mTlianad regionze, mis mosaxleobazec. isini kavSirs
ar wyvetdnen skolis kursdamTavrebulebTan, xSirad
akiTxavdnen im saswavlebelSi, sadac isini swavlas ag-
Zelebdnen. aseTi urTierToba Semdgom megobrobaSi ga-
daizarda, romelTa Soris mec viyavi. Cemi baTumSi mu-
Saobisa da skender maswavleb-lis qobuleTSi gadasv-
lis Semdeg xSirad vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. veravin mo-
aswrebda mas `finjan yavaze~ dapatiJebas. roca sapasu-
xismgeblo Tanamdebobaze momiwia muSaoba, skender mas-
wavlebeli gamoivlida daxmarebis saTxovnelad gaWir-
vebuli mezoblebis, qvriv-oblebisaTvis. guliani da
gulisxmieri adamiani iyo, maswavleblis Txovna ki
CvenTvis brZanebis tolfasi iyo, SesaZleblobis far-
glebSi ukmayofilod ar gamiSvia arasodes. is pirad
gasaWirze, an ojaxis saWirobaze aravis Seawuxebda. Za-
lian siamovnebda, Tu sxva adamians xels gaumarTavda.
zemoT CamoTvlil moqalaqeobriv TvisebebTan er-
Tad, skeneder maswavlebeli iyo ubralo da moridebu-
li. amitom igi damsaxurebuli siyvaruliT da pativis-
cemiT sargeblobda skolaSi, rogorc moswavle axal-
187
gazrdobasa da pedagogiur koleqtivSi, aseve mosaxle-
obaSi.
bednieri var, rom skender bajeliZis moswavle da
Semdgom misi megobari viyavi. arasdros damaviwydeba
Cemdami misi mzrunveloba, yuradReba, guliTadi damo-
kidebleba. masTan gatarebuli wlebi Cems mexsierebaSi
dauviwyar da ganumeorebel periodad darCeba. gul-
wrfelad vaRiareb, rom batoni skenderi mSobeliviT
Tbili da mzrunveli pedagogi iyo. didi madloba
yovelive amisaTvis. RmerTma naTelSi amyofos Tqveni
suli, pativcemulo skender maswavlebelo.
188
jemal beriZeyofili moswavle,
Rirsebis ordenosani
sityva Rirseul maswavlebelze
mSobliuri soflis _ raqvTis rvawliani skolis
damTavrebis Semdeg, 1955 wels swavla ganvagrZe xixaZi-
ris saSualo skolaSi, romelsac aRiarebuli pedagogi
da aRmzrdeli, kargi skolaTmcodne, dimitri xozreva-
niZe xelmZRvanelobda. imxanad mTel sxalTa-xixanis
xeobaSi ori saSualo skola funqcionirebda, xixaZiri-
sa da yinCauris skolebi. Cvens sofelTan geografiu-
lad ufro axlo xixaZiris saSualo skola mdebareob-
da da, rogorc mimdebare soflebis rvawliani skole-
bis kursdamTavrebulebi, mec am skolaSi ganvagrZe
swavla.
swavlis dawyebis pirvelsave dRes, saswavlo wlis
sazeimo gaxsnisaTvis mzadebis periodSi pedagogTa So-
ris davlande axovani, dinji, vaJkacuri Sesaxedaobis
pirovneba, romelic Cveni geografiis maswavlebeli da
direqtoris moadgile skender bajeliZe aRmoCnda. sko-
laSi da skolis damTavrebis Semdegac masTan megobru-
li urTierToba arasdros gamiwyvetia, xSirad vxde-
bdiT erTmaneTs. igi interesdeboda Cemi cxovrebis
gziT, yovelTvis keTil rCevas maZlevda da cxovrebis
sibrZniT mmoZRvravda.
skender bajeliZe marto maswavlebeli rodi iyo.
igi brwyinvale moqalaqe da ganswavluli pirovneba
gaxldaT, patrioti da sazogadoebivad aqtiuri, cxov-
rebis gzagamovlili (igi didi samamulo omis monawi-
le iyo). am gzas misTvis daRic daesva. yovelTvis naRv-
liani Canda, Tumca amas ar imCnevda. dReniagad Cvenze
189
zrunavda, Zerwavda Cvens sulsa da gonebas, gvinergav-
da adamianis, mSobliuri xalxisa da kuTxis siyva-
ruls, pativiscemas yovelive imisa, rac istoriis bedu-
kuRmarTobis miuxedavad, Cveni kuTxis qarTvelobam si-
cocxlis fasad SeinarCuna: moyvasis gatana, ufros-
umcrosobis dafaseba, mamulis da adamianebis uangaro
siyvaruli. xixaZiris saSualo skolis pedagogiurma
koleqtivma bevri ram gvaswavla da gvarianad dagvakva-
liana. saskolo internatSi vcxovrobdi, gvaklda mSob-
lebis zrunva da yuradReba. amas avsebda batoni sken-
deri, rogorc skolis xelmZRvaneli. igi xSirad stum-
robda saskolo internats, gvesaubreboda, gvarigebda
da zrunavda, dro ar dagvekarga uqmad, kargad gveswav-
la. yovelTvis iyo Cveni qomagi da gamkiTxavi, zogjer
Cadenili danaSaulis gamo `mkacrad dasjilebi~ (Cvenc
xom Cveni bavSvobidan movdiodiT), misgan velodiT da
vRebulobdiT kidec Semweobas da mfarvelobas.
Seyvarebuli iyo xixaZirsa da xixaZirelebze. keTi-
lad da siyvaruliT igonebda iq gatarebul wlebs.
cxovrebam Tavisi gaakeTa. yvela Cvenganma sakuTari
cxovrebis gza avirCieT. mec davamTavre pedagogiuri
instituti, erTxans pedagogad vimuSave, Semdgom parti-
ul samuSaoze, bolos ki qalaq baTumis sakrebulos
aparatis ufrosi viyavi.
sakrebulo, sadac vmuSaobdi, zurab gorgilaZis
quCazea ganTavsebuli. baton skenders iqve, CeroSi,
wyalTan Zelskamze uyvarda jdoma. xSirad SevuerTde-
bodiT da iwyeboda mTisa da baris ambebis mokiTxva,
yvelas moikiTxavda, interesdeboda, rogor cxovrobd-
nen da ras saqmianobdnen misi aRzrdilebi. amis Tao-
baze SesaZleblobis farglebSi Cemgan iRebda infor-
macias. Cem Rrma pativiscemas misdami mokrZalebulad
finjan yavaze mipatiJebiT gamovxatavdi. meriis sasadi-
190
los gamgem nodar tarielaZem (axlaxan wavida igi am-
qveynidan, jer kidev axalgazrda, RmerTma naTelSi am-
yofos misi suli), icoda ra Cveni damokidebuleba, Cem-
da daukiTxavad patara `purmarils~ gagviwyobda xol-
me. rogor gaixarebda skender maswavlebeli yovelive
amiT da udides kmayofilebas gamoxatavda misi gabrw-
yinebuli saxe. es dResac maxsovs da arsdros damaviwy-
deba.
mTeli cxovreba marTali kacis saxeliT, Sublna-
Telma, valmoxdilma iara. yovelTvis swamda saqarTve-
los xvalindeli dRis, eris siwmindisa da simtkicis,
mamulis aRorZinebis.
meamayeba, rom viyavi skender maswavleblis moswav-
le da umcrosi megobari.
gagviWirda misgan ganSoreba. dagvrCa misi saxelis
maradiuli xsovna da survili imisa, rom skender mas-
wavlebeli didxans darCeba samSoblos siyvaruliT gu-
lanTebuli axalgazrdobis gonieri gzamkvlevis ubad-
lo magaliTad.
191
amiran jaianimedicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
eqimi-kardiologi, yofili moswavle
moswavle-maswavleblisurTierTobis etaloni iyo
baton skender maswavlebels vicnobdi xixaZiris
saSualo skolaSi misi muSaobis dawyebidan. maSin
meeqvse klasSi viyavi. igi megobrobda Cvens ojaxTan.
Cems aRzrdaSi, davaJkacebaSi, inteleqtualur pirovne-
bad CamoyalibebaSi, mSoblebis Semdeg, gansakuTrebuli
roli miuZRvis skolas, maswavlebels, maT Soris ga-
movyofdi dimitri xozrevaniZesa da skender bajeliZes.
roca miTxres, rom skender maswavlebelze wigni
iwereba da Tu SegiZlia misi cxovrebidan raime gaixse-
neo, didad mesiamovna da am Txovnas siamovnebiT vasru-
leb.
1. skender maswavlebeli pirveli Sexvedridan war-
momidga, rogorc darbaiseli garegnobis, dinji pirov-
neba, maRalzneobrivi TvisebebiT Semkuli adamiani,
romlisganac yvelas SeeZlo aeRo magaliTi.
2. skender maswavleblis maRali pirovnul-moqala-
qeobrivi Tvisebebis gamo, moswavleebi metad moridebu-
li viyaviT masTan. roca gzaSi momavals SevamCnevdiT
Soridan, pirveli danaxvisTanave, ar hqonda mniSvnelo-
ba manZils, quds vixdidiT mis sapativcemulod. axlos
mosuli metyoda: `kargi biWi xar, madloba amisaTvis~
da Tan daayolebda, qudi moixade, roca axlos mox-
valo. misgan wamosuli es maRali Jesti Cven, moswavle-
ebs ufro mets gvavalebda, ufro moridebuli vyofili-
yaviT ara marto masTan, aramed saerTod maswavlebleb-
192
Tan. maswavlebeli xom CvenTvis uzenaesi figura iyo,
gonebis gamxsneli, aRmzrdeli da ganmanaTlebeli.
Cvenc vcdilobdiT kargad mogvemzadebina yoveldiRuri
gakveTilebi, rom sircxvili ar gveWama sayvarel mas-
wavlebelTan.
3. samuSaod qobuleTSi Camosvlis Semdeg, xSirad
vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. Cveni moswavle-maswavleblis
urTierTobas daemata eqimi–pacientis urTierToba da
bolos gadaizarda megobrobaSic. gamouvlida yofil
moswavleebs, moikiTxavda TiToeuls, gaigebda yvelas
mdgomareobas, kmayofilebas gamoTqvamda. me, rogorc
eqimi, davinteresdebodi misi janmrTelobis mdgomareo-
biT, miT umetes, is meore msoflio omis monawile,
mZime wlebgamovlili veterani brZandeboda da misi
janmrTelobis kontroli aucilebeli iyo. TviTon im-
denad moridebuli iyo, rom gasinjvaze Tavs Seikavebda.
me ar moveSvebodi, movunaxavdi iseT motivs, rom dav-
iTanxmebdi. es misTvis sasargeblo iyo, CemTvis ki _
sasiamovno. is Tavis moswavleebTan Zalian axlos iyo,
rogorc maswavlebeli da rogorc mSobeli. igi mos-
wavle-maswavleblis urTierTobis etaloni iyo. erTnai-
rad iziarebda Cvens sixarulsac da mwuxarebasac.
4. iyo erTi saintereso SemTxvevac. TbilisSi same-
dicino institutSi swavlis dros dedaqalaqSi Camo-
sulma skender maswavleblma medqalaqSi mogvakiTxa
xixaZiris skoladamTavrebul medikos studentebs
oTar iSxneliZes, mamia xalvaSs, mediko jaians, lili
xozrevniZesa da am striqonebs avtors. maswavlebeli
Cven gavacaniT megobrebs. maT ifiqres, rom raRaca gau-
Wirda, albaT, TbilisSi da studentebs moakiTxa dax-
marebis saTxovnelado, magram, roca gaiges, rom mas-
wavlebels araferi gaWirveba ar hqonda, gamoiara da
193
moikiTxa Tavisi moswavleebis mdgomareoba, dainteres-
da maTi swavliT, Cveni megobrebi gaocebulni darCnen,
aseTi yuradRebiani aRmzrdel-maswavlebeli iSviaTo-
baao. Canda, isini ase ganebivrebuli ar yofilan Tavi-
anTi maswavleblebisgan. skola davamTavreT, davemSvi-
dobeT da mere arc ki SevxvedrivarTo. am Sexvedris
dros skender maswavlebelma aseTi faqti gaixsena. xix-
aZirSi muSaobis dros cxovrobda ilias gabaiZis saxl-
Si. mas hyavda patara qaliSvili, romelic gaizarda,
daojaxda, sacxovreblad gadavida qobuleTis raionis
sofel gvaraSi. am gogonas plantaciebSi daunaxavs
skender bajeliZis Zma, kolmeurneobis maSin-deli Tav-
kaci vladimer bajeliZe da wamouZaxia: `deda, skender
maswavlebeli, neta, aq ram Seawuxa.~ vladimerma gogona
masTan ixmo, gamokiTxa yvelaferi da mixvda, rom Zmebi
erTmaneTSi ver gaarCia. es ambavi didi aRtacebiT momi-
yva Zmamo, _ Tqva skender maswavlebelma da xazi gausva
maswavleblisadmi moswavleTa pativiscemas.
aWaris jandacvis saministros brigadaSi avadmyof-
Ta mdgomareobis Sesamowmeblad viyaviT qedis raionSi.
RonisZiebis dasrulebis Semdeg raionis xelmZRvanelo-
bam moawyo banketi. dailia araerTi sadRegrZelo. per-
sonaluri sadRegrZeloebis dros, roca jeri Cemze
dadga, jandacvis ministrma, batonma levan anTaZem
Tqva: amiran jaiani cnobilia, rogorc profesionali
kardiologi, mkurnali eqimi da am dargis xelmZRvane-
li aWaraSi. es yvelam viciT da kmayofili varT misi
muSaobiT. me minda sxva kuTxiT davaxasiaTo misi ma-
Ralmoqalaqeobrivi Tvisebebi, rac damaxasiaTebelia,
ara marto misTvis, aramed am xeobis (sxalTa-xixanis),
kerZod, xixaZiris saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebul-
TaTvis, romlebmac q. baTumSi, aWaris ganaTlebisa da
194
kultu-ris muzeumSi maRalorganizebul doneze aR-
niSnes xixaZiris saSualo skolis yofili saswavlo
nawilis gamgis, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis,
omisa da Sromis veteranis, baton skender bajeliZis
dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavi. maswavlebels, romelmac
sxvebTan erTad, didi roli Seasrula axalgazrdobis
swavla-aRzrdis saqmeSi, xeobis kulturul dawinaure-
baSi, yofilma moswavleebma, kolegebma Zlier daufases
gaweuli amagi da isic iseT dros (1996 w. 6 dekemberi),
roca qveyana gausaZlis pirobebSi imyofeboda. es iyo
moswavle-maswavleblis urTierTobaSi didi saamayo sa-
qme, ramac qalaqis inteligenciasa da xelmZRvaneloba-
Si didi mowoneba daimsaxura.
skender maswavlebeli CemTvis ukvdavia. dRes Cvens
Soris igi ar aris (RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi su-
li), magram Cven arasodes daviviwyebT mas, sanam cocx-
lebi varT.
195
SoTa gabaiZeekonomisti, yofili moswavle
amagdari maswavlebeli
maswavleblis profesia urTulesia yvela sxva pro-
fesiaTa Soris, radganac igi axalgazrdobis sulis
maformirebelia. amitomac, vfiqrob, rom maswavlebeli,
upirvelesad, keTili, ganaTlebuli da nebisyofiani un-
da iyos. me yvela maswavlebelSi vxedavdi sasikeTo
muxts, amitomac yvela keTilad maxsendeba, zogi maTga-
ni gamorCeuladac ki.
swored aseTi gamorCeulTagani iyo awgansvenebuli
batoni skender bajeliZe, romelic 50-ian wlebSi
ganawilebiT movlinebuli iyo xixaZiris saSualo sko-
laSi geografiis maswavleblad. igi qobuleTis raio-
nis sofel xucubnidan iyo.
kaci omgadanaxadi,
axovani da mxargrZeli;
Tavs ise vgrZnobdiT imasTan,
rogorc uSbasTan mTamsvleli!
Txroba hqonda saocnebod
daxvewili qarTuliTa;
mitom igi SeviyvareT
yvelam suliT da guliTa.
berjer kargi magaliTiT
dagvamaxsovra man Tavi;
bevrjer kargiT, mxolod kargiT
mxolod kargiT da ar aviT!
skender maswavlebeli rukaze ise Semoxazavda qa-
laqs Tu qveyanas da ise gvesaubreboda, TiTqos iqau-
196
roba fexiT hqonda Semovlili. mis gakveTilze idea-
luri siCume sufevda, rom ityvian, `buzis gafrenis
xmasac~ gaigonebdiT. Cvens yuradRebas igi misdami ri-
dis ZaliT ipyrobda da ara SiSiT, rogorc es, sam-
wuxarod, zogierT maswavlebels sCveoda. mec gam-
ovcade maswavleblis xvedri.
didi iyo maSin xixaZiris saSualo skola, hqonda
internatic, maswavleblebi iyvnen: guriidan, imereTi-
dan, samegrelodan. ZiriTadad ki baTumis pedinstitu-
tis kursdamTavrebulebi.
Cveni ojaxi maSin 10 sulisagan Sedgeboda. imxanad
6 da-Zma moswavle viyaviT da nadaburis ubnidan sko-
lamde iqeT da aqeT 4 km-s gavdiodiT. Wirda cxovreba,
radgan omi axaldamTavrebuli iyo.
me skender maswavleblisa da misTanebis wyalobiT
internatSic Caviricxe. iq sinaTlec mTeli Rame gvqon-
da. xSirad gvamowmebdnen, rogor viyenebdiT am sikeTes
da Cvenc energias ar vzogavdiT, vewafebodiT wignebs
da saukeTeso Sedegebsac vaRwevdiT.
dRes bevri Cveni maswavlebeli cocxali araa. na-
Teli hqonodeT im qveynad yvela maTgans. meamayeba rom
viyavi maTi moswavle da amxanagi.
197
revaz surmaniZevernebis sajaro skolis geografiis
maswavlebeli, skender maswavleblis moswavle
gzis gamkvalavi maswavlebeli
skender maswavlebeli gavicani 1954 wlis seqtem-
berSi, roca vernebis 8-wliani skolis damTavrebis Sem-
deg swavla ganvagrZe xixaZiis saSualo skolis IX
klasSi, sadac is geografias gvaswavlida. is seqtem-
beri gansakuTrebuli iyo, ara marto CemTvis, aramed
mTeli Cveni klaselisaTvis, vinaidan yvela sxvadasxva
skoldan (vernebi, skvana, bako, mTisubani, kaloTa,
Txilvana, raqvTa, xixaZiri) viyaviT misuli da maSin
gavecaniT erTmaneTs.
amave dRidan iwyeba Cemi nacnoboba xixaZiris saSu-
alo skolis moswavleebTan. aq moRvaweobdnen iseTi
gamorCeuli, saxelovani maswavleblebi, rogorebic iyv-
nen: dimitri xozrevaniZe (skolis direqtori), skender
bajeliZe (saswavlo nawilis gamge), xasan (giorgi) si-
rabiZe, aslan xaxutaiSvili, revaz beraZe, Jenia kuz-
mina, givi Todria, oTar oCigava da sxva. maT waruSle-
li kvali datoves ara marto Cems cxovrebaSi, pedago-
giur saqmianobaSi, aramed sxalTa-xixanis xeobis kul-
turul dawinaurebaSi.
am periodSi xixaZiris skolaSi swavlobdnen iseTi
warCinebuli moswavleebi, rogorebic iyvnen: giorgi da
levan abaSiZeebi, mixeil jaiani, Tamar cecxlaZe, Tamaz
mamulaZe, nikoloz, sergo da egnate dumbaZeebi, solo-
mon TuraZe, arCil qamadaZe, akaki gabaiZe, da sxvebi,
romlebic skolis damTavrebis welsve Cairicxnen umaR-
les saswavleblebSi.
198
Cven vamayobdiT Cveni maswavleblebiT, gansakuT-
rebiT gamovyofdi skender bajeliZes, geografiis mas-
wavlebels, romelic Cemi momavali specialobis arCevi-
sas gaxda mTavari orientiri. igi iyo Zalian upreten-
zio pirovneba, yvelafers akeTebda, rom Cven kargad
gveswavla. niSans ar dagikargavda, gakveTilis moumza-
deblobas ar gapatiebda. movigoneb aseT kuriozs. meaTe
klasSi geografiaSi mimdinare Sefasebebi mqonda `fri-
adebi~. daimedebuli imiT, rom me niSnebi mqonda
miRebuli da maswavlebeli ar gamomiZaxebda, gakveTi-
lis (`CineTis soflis meurneoba~) uswavleli mivedi
skolaSi. moulodnelad gamomiZaxa da `oriani~ dami-
wera. Semdeg gakveTilzec gamomiZaxa. sagakveTilo Tema
movyevi kargad. es momiwona, magram damatebiT mkiTxa
wina moumzadebeli masala CineTze da isev `oriani~
damiwera. sanam ar movamzade, isic ar momeSva. igi ver
itanda moswavlis kampaniur muSaobas, iTxovda siste-
matur mecadineobas. roca darwmunda CemSi, rom yvela
gakveTils vswavlobdi, meoTxedis bolos saganSi
`friadi~ damiwera.
swored man gansazRvra Cems specialobad geo-
grafiis maswavleblobis arCeva.
minda gavixseno misaRebi gamocda geografiaSi. gam-
omcdeli iyo qalbatoni qeTevan alasania. pirvel da
meore sakiTxze pasuxebi momiwona, Seafasa `friadze~
cal-calke. gadadi mesame sakiTxzeo – miTxra (gamocda
tardeboda geografiis kabinetSi _ sadac bevri ruka
iyo). amovicani Cemi Temis (`ssr kavSiris bunebrivi
zonebi~) ruka, aviRe saCvenebeli joxi da daviwye sa-
kiTxis gaSuqeba rukaze CvenebiT. sakmarisiao, – Sema-
Cera. am sakiTxSic `friadi~ damiwera da mkiTxa: _ vin
gaswavlida geografias? _ skender bajeliZe-meTqi. Cve-
199
ni skenderi? _ diax-meTqi, _ swrafad davudasture. aman
gaaxara qalbatoni qeTevani. Semdeg gavige, rom Cemi
sayvareli maswavlebeli, misi gamorCeuli studenti yo-
fila.
Cven, moswavleebi, skolaSi vxedavdiT mis marTlac
muxlCauxrel muSaobas. igi cdilobda, rac SeiZleba
meti codna mieca moswavleebisaTvis. misi didi damsax-
urebaa isic, rom Cemi klasis 18 moswavlidan 13 moswav-
le pirvel welsve gaxda studenti: oTar iSxneliZe,
mamia xalvaSi, aleqsandre jaiani (eqimebi), grigol
SaraSiZe (Jurnalisti), danaCenma cxram gavyeviT Cveni
sayvareli maswavleblis gzas _ pedagogoba avirCieT.
veswrebodi skender maswavleblis dabadebidan 75-e
wlisTavis aRsaniSnav saiubileo saRamos, romelic
moamzades da Caatares xixaZiris skoladmTavrebulma,
misma yofilma moswavleebma da kolegebma. momeca saS-
ualeba da misasalmebeli sityviT movefere da mivu-
loce misi dabadebis Rirssaxsovari TariRi.
skender maswavlebeli Cvens ojaxTanac megobrobda.
icnobda mamaCems, romelic misi xixaZiris saSualo
skolaSi moRvaweobis periodSi iyo xixaZiris sasoflo
sabWos mdivani, yovelTvis iziarebda ojaxis sixarul-
sac da mwuxarebasac. gviyvarda is ara mxolod ro-
gorc aRmzrdeli, maswavlebeli, aramed agreTve, ro-
gorc mSobeli-mama.
50 welia geografias vaswavli skolaSi. yovel gak-
veTilze Tvalwin midgas skender maswavleblis saxe.
RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli mudmiv sasu-
fevelSi.
200
eTer yurSubaZeq. baTumis #2 sajaro skolis
maswavlebeli, yofili moswavle
aseTi maxsovs skender maswavlebeli
skender maswavlebeli geografias gvaswavlida Cai-
subnis (qobuleTis raioni) skola-internatis VII klas-
Si. igi CvenTan movida xulos raionis xixaZiris saSu-
alo skolaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSaobis Semdeg.
Tavisi adamianuri TvisebebiT, TavmdablobiT, ubraloe-
biT, garegnuli ier-saxiT, sidarbaisliT, sidinjiT, Ta-
vazianobiT, namdvilad saukeTeso pedagogis tipi iyo
da, rogorc specialisti _ aRiarebuli. misi mosvla
gakveTilze moswavleebs gvixaroda. geografia ise Seg-
vayvara, rom arasdros klasSi gakveTilis uswavleli
aravin modioda. gakveTils ise sainteresod da mim-
zidvelad gvixsnida, rom ZiriTadad iqve vswavlobdiT.
klasSi am saganSi `orosani~ moswavle ar gvyolia.
derefanSi rom Semovidoda, Tavisi lamazi iumoriT
Segvxvdeboda, gvfereboda. igi moswavleebis usayvarle-
si aRmzrdeli, maswavlebeli da pedkoleqtivis aqti-
uri wevri, gamocdilebis gamziarebeli, saukeTeso ko-
lega da megobari iyo. skender maswavlebels, rogorc
karg specialists, ufros kolegas, omis mZime wlebga-
movlils, yvelani mokrZalebuli vxvdebodiT.
ai, aseTi STabeWdilebebi damrCa me-7 klasel mos-
wavles cobil pdagog skender bajeliZeze.
igi mamaCemis kargi megobari iyo. skola-internatis
direqtorad mamis muSaobis drosac da Cveni skolidan
mSobliur xucubnis skolaSi samuSaod gadasvlis Sem-
degac igi Cveni ojaxis xSiri stumari iyo.
201
maxsendeba masTan Cemi bolo Sexvedra. mokiTxvis
da moferebis Semdeg iumoriT miTxra: Tu maTematikosi
unda gamosuliyavi, geografiis swavliT raRas iklavdi
Tavso, da keTili survilebiT damemSvidoba. am Sexved-
ris Semdeg male gavigeT misi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb.
RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli.
202
SoTa beriZexixaZiris saSualo (amJamad sajaro) skolis
kursdamTavrebuli, pedagogi
zogierTi epizodis gaxsenebaCemi warsulidan
mareTis xeobaSi 1950-ian wlebSi saSualo skola,
uCambis garda, arsad ar funqcionirebda. uCamba ki Cemi
soflidan (darCiZeebidan) didi manZiliT, 30 km-iTaa da-
Sorebuli. amitom saSualo skolaSi swavlis gagrZe-
leba momixda xulos raionis xixaZiris saSualo sko-
laSi, romelic SedarebiT axlos iyo CvenTan. vcxov-
robdi saskolo internatSi.
im periodisaTvis xixaZiris saSualo skola Tavisi
xelmZRvanelebiT, kadrebiT da momTxovnelobiT ganTq-
muli iyo mTels aWaraSi. moswavleebma kargad vico-
diT, rom skolis direqtori, awgansvenebuli dimitri
xozrevaniZe, yovel gazafxulze, roca umaRles saswav-
lebelSi saxelmwifo gamocdebi damTavrdeboda, ganaT-
lebis saministrosTan SeTanxebiT, arCevda calkeuli
sagnis friadosan kursdamTavrebulebs da samuSaod
masTan xixaZirSi iwvevda. amitom xixaZiris skola yo-
velTvis warmatebuli iyo, Sedegi ki nayofieri. am sko-
lis yvela kursdamTavrebuli warCinebiT amTavrebda
sxvadasxva umaRles saswavlebels.
Cemi saSualo skolaSi sami wlis swavlis period-
Si ar maxsovs romelime maswavleblisadmi mqonoda si-
Zulvilis grZnoba: piriqiT, TiToeuli maswavlebeli-
sadmi yoveli moswavle pativiscemiTa da siyvarulis
grZnobiT viyaviT gamsWvaluli, xolo TviT maswavleb-
lebi moswavleebs ar gvaklebdnen momTxovneblobasa
da mSobliur zrunvas.
203
ai, isinic: dimitri xozrevaniZe (skolis direqto-
ri), aleqsandre miqelaZe, oTar oCigava, xasan sirabiZe,
skender bajeliZe, daviT Rlonti, daviT gogoZe, rezo
beraZe, aslan xaxutaiSvili da sxvebi.
sistematurad magondeba zogierTi epizodi calke-
ul maswavlebelze, romelic Cems cxovrebaSi Wkuasa
da muSaobaSi gamocdilebas mmatebda.
gansakuTrebiT gamovyofdi maswavlebel skender ba-
jeliZis mier Catarebul gakveTilebs geografiaSi. ro-
gorc wesi, gakveiTlebi geografiis kabinetSi gvitar-
deboda. skender maswavleblis gakveTilze moswavleebi
smenad viyaviT gadaqceulni. mas ostaturad SeeZlo
axali masalis axsnis periodSi rukasTan mdgariyo zu-
rgiT, joxiT moexaza da eCvenebina CvenTvis yvela is
wertili da kuTxe-kunWuli, rac rukaze iyo aRniSnuli
da mosaxazi. cxadia, Cven, moswavleebsac, analogiurad
Segvaswavla es forma da SegveZlo TiToeuls rukas-
Tan dgomisa da calkeuli detalis moxazva-CvenebiT
Cagvebarebina misTvis yoveli gakveTili.
moswavleTa gamoZaxebas gakveTilze im periodisaT-
vis TiToeuli maswavlebeli, saklaso JurnalTan er-
Tad, ubis wignakiT axdenda.
meore meoTxedi axali dawyebuli iyo (noemberi),
SabaT dilas gakveTilebis Semdeg wavedi sofelSi,
kvira dRes saRamos davbrundi Cemi soflidan xixaZir-
Si. manZili Cemi soflidan xixaZiramde daaxloebiT 30
km-ia. am gzis fexiT gavla, ra Tqma unda, damRleli
iyo, amitom gakveTilebis momzadeba veRar movaswari.
geografiis gakveTili ar mqonda wakiTxuli. me ki TiT-
qos darwmunebuli viyavi, rom gamoZaxeba ar miwevda.
Tavis gamoCenis mizniT gakveTilze xelis aweviT Se-
vawuxe skender maswavlebeli, raTa gamoveZaxebine. Tur-
204
me man SemamCnia, rom gakveTili ar mqonda naswavli.
gakveTilis axsnisaTvis cota dro iyo darCenili, ma-
gram mainc gamomiZaxa da `oriani~ damiwera.
meoTxedis dasrulebamde geografiaSi yovel gak-
veTils gansakuTrebulad vamzadebdi, vcdilobdi, ori-
ani gamomesworebina, magram ara da ar gamomiZaxa. dadga
meoTxedis dasasruli, vexvewebi gamomiZaxe, gamomkiTxe
mTeli meoTxedis masala-meTqi, magram mainc ar gamo-
miZaxa. roca meoTxeduri niSnebi gamogvicxades, geo-
grafiaSi niSani `xuTiani~ mewera, man ki dasZina _ `xom
gaswavle yvela gakveTili friadzeo.~ aseTi principu-
li iyo pativcemuli skenderi.
sakmaod didi xani iyo gasuli, skender maswavle-
bels rom aRar Sevxvedrivar. erT dRes mivdivar in-
stitutisaken. roca pionerTa parkis Sesasvlels gavc-
di, jibidan amoviRe sigareti – unda movukido da am
dros institutidan Cemken pirdapir momavali pativce-
muli skender maswavlebeli SevamCnie. momerida masTan
sigaretis moweva, daviwye mokidebuli sigaretis Caqro-
ba da misi gadagdeba, magram imdenad Semrcxva, rom
davibeni da droulad ver movaxerxe, ver movaswari
misi malulad gadagdeba. Cemi foriaqi Soridan kargad
SeamCnia skender maswavlebelma da daiwyo yvirili _
`ar gadaagdo, biWo, ar gadaagdo SoTao~, magram me Cemi
mainc Sevasrule. CemTan movida, gulTbilad visaubreT.
erTxel kidev gavixseneT skolis ambebi, bevri vicineT
im orianis Sesaxeb, romelzedac zemoT mqonda saubari.
gavixseneT pedagogiur sarbielze gaweuli moRvaweobis
zogierTi detali.
dResac kargi aRmzrdelisa da amagdari pedagogis,
pativcemuli skender bajeliZis mier gadmocemuli
codna da kacur-kacobis Tvisebebi Tan damyveba Cemi
cxovrebis gzaze.
205
levan surmaniZeeqimi-stomatologi,
yofili moswavle
Wiris gamziarebelic iyo
1956 wels davamTavre vernebis 7-wliani (SemdgomSi
saSualo, da amJamad sajaro) skola da swavla gan-
vagrZe xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi, sadac skolis di-
reqtorad brZandeboda cnobili pedagogi, kargi sko-
laTmcodne, disciplinis moyvaruli da momTxovni pi-
rovneba, sulmnaTi dimitri xozrevaniZe, xolo saswav-
lo nawilis gamge gaxldaT skender bajeliZe. aqedan
daiwyo Cemi da Cemi dRevandeli ojaxis nacnoboba aw-
gansvenebul skender maswavlebelTan.
mosagonari bevri kargi maqvs, magram SevCerdebi or
momentze. xixaZiris klubSi moitanes kinofilmi `bato-
ni 420~. organizebuli wesiT es kino vnaxeT skolis
moswavleebmac da maswavleblebmac. filmi, gansakuTre-
biT musika, Zalian mogvewona. es filmi Semdeg waiRes
sofel kaloTaSi (Tanaklasel amiran mamulaZis so-
felSi). me da amiranma movilaparakeT da unebarTvod
wavediT kaloTaSi am filmis ganmeorebiT sanaxavad im
angariSiT, rom saRamos amiranTan davrCebodiT, diliT
adre ki, sauzmis dawyebamde CamovidodiT internatSi.
gvian saRamos da adre diliT Semowmeba xdeboda
aRmzrdelis mier, an direqtori movidoda sistematu-
rad da Tanac ise, rom ver gavigebdiT mis internatSi
Semosvlas. swored im dilas direqtoris mosvlas da-
emTxva Cveni kaloTidan Camosvla. SegvamCia, `ga-mog-
viWira~ da internatidan gagvricxa. me da amirani dav-
diodiT vernebidan, amitom Zalian gagviWirda. vswav-
206
lobdiT kargad, magram soflidan siarulma uaryofi-
Tad imoqmeda Cvens niSnebzec.
rogorc megobarma, mamaCemma sTxova skender maswav-
lebels Suamdgomloba direqtorTan Cveni internatSi
dabrunebis Taobaze. marTlac, skender maswavleblis
SuamdgomlobiT dagvabrunes internatSi, direqtorma
danaSauli gvapatia skender maswavleblis Tandaswre-
biT, iqve gviTxra, patara Secdomas an danaSauls Tu
miCqmalav, apatieb moswavles, maSin is did danaSauls
Caidenso. Cven piroba miveciT, rom aseT rames ar gavi-
meorebdiT da marTlac, analogiur saqciels adgili
aRarasdros hqonia.
direqtori Zalian mkacri da momTxovni iyo. axla
vambobT, rom is marTali iyo, rogorc Cveni `damsje-
li~, skender maswavlebeli ki Cveni mSveleli da gada-
mrCeneli. orive didi pedagogi brZandeboda. RmerTma
acxonos isini.
gavixseneb kidev erT moments.
1978 wels gardamecvala meuRle - naTela vardosa-
niZe, romelic Cemi Tanaklaseli iyo (maSin daba CaqvSi
viyaviT sacxovreblad gadasuli). am tragikul dRes,
saidan gaigo, ver getyviT, movida Cvens ojaxSi skender
maswavlebeli da Tanadgoma gamogvicxada, Cemi mwuxare-
ba gaiziara. gana marto man? da mxolod maSin? is Sem-
deg dReebSic xSirad gamoivlida ojaxSi, an samsaxur-
Si, momikiTxavda, damamSvidebda, damarigebda da wav-
idoda. ra Tqma unda, Zalian yuradRebiani, Tbili da
gulisxmieri maswavleb-lis saubari, rCeva-darigeba da
Tanadgoma malamosaviT mamSvidebda, Tu am dros SeiZ-
leba damSvidebaze saubari. es iyo misi moraluri Ta-
nadgoma. tirili xalx-mravlobiT fasdeba, Torem sik-
vdili yvelas xvedria, `ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa, gza
viwro, verca kldovani~.
RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli.
207
mexuTe ganyofileba
vasrulebT skender maswavleblis`anderZs~
anderZi iseTi Txovnaa, unda Sesruldes.
mcire ganmartebisTvis
anderZi iuridiuli terminia. is aRiarebulia rog-
orc saxelmwifo samarTalSi, ise religiur kanonmdeb-
lobaSi.
sityva `anderZi~ qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsi-
konSi warmodgenilia ramdenime aspeqtiT. erT-erTi ase-
Tia: `darigeba, miTiTeba, romelsac utoveben Tanamoaz-
reebs~. anderZi, rogorc wesi, unda Sesruldes meander-
Zis sikvdils Semdeg.
anderZis Seusrulebloba ar SeiZleba, zogierTi
gamonaklisis garda. anderZis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqma,
an misi Secvla (Tu qonebriv sakuTrebas ar exeba) daS-
vebulia mxolod maSin, roca misi SesrulebiT zian-
deba meanderZe, fuWdeba misi avtoriteti, ikargeba misi
Rvawli, amagi da kvali naTeli.
ratom dagvWirda es termini? saidan gaCnda ander-
Zi?
ra Tqma unda, skender maswavlebels CvenTvis, yo-
fil moswavleebisTvis, oficialuri anderZi ar dau-
tovebia, an ra hqonda CvenTvis saanderZo?
erT-erTi Sexvedris dros skender maswavlebelma
ikiTxa: Tqven wignebs werT (man es icoda, yovel gam-
oSvebul wigns vCuqnidiT). ra hqeniT, daamTavreT wera
208
Tu agrZelebT kidev? pasuxis mosmenis Semdeg mogvca
ramdenimegverdiani dabeWdili masala saTauriT `brZnu-
li Segonebani, keTili rCevebi~ da gviTxra, waikiTxeT,
Tqvenc mogewonebaT, Tu axal wigns werT, Tematurad
Tu ukavSirdeba, es masalac rom SeitanoT wignSi, kar-
gi iqnebao.
ra iyo es masala?
batoni skenderi bevrs kiTxulobda, pensiaSi gasv-
lis Semdeg ufro meti dro hqonda amisaTvis. mas gan-
sakuTrebiT moswonda aRzrdis Temaze dawerili wig-
nebi. erT-erTi aseTi iyo sparsuli klasikuri mwer-
lobis TvalsaCino Zegli, amir ansar qei-qausis didaq-
tikuri Txzuleba, `yabus-name~ (darigebaTa wigni) _ me-
11 saukunis sparsuli literaturis erT-erTi sayur-
adRebo nawarmoebi, romelSic avtori iZleva cnobebs
istoriuli sazogadoebrivi yofis iseT sakiTxebze, ro-
goricaa: stumarmaspinZloba, colis SerTva, Svilebis
aRzrda, Rvinis sma, cxovrebis wesebi, Sromisa da
vaWrobis eTika da sxva.
`yabus-name~ Sedgeba 44 karisgan. XVII saukuneSi me-
fe-mwignobarma vaxtang VI-m Targmna aRniSnuli wignis
11 kari da gamosca saTauriT `amirnasariani,~ jer pro-
zad, Semdeg ki leqsad, Cven droSi ki (1978 w.) gamoqveyn-
da misi sruli Targmani.
wignis zneobriv-didaqtikuri mxare _ ZiriTadi Si-
naarsi keTili rCeva-darigebani imdenad mniSvnelovania
da sasargeblo yvela TaobisaTvis, rom mefe-mwignobar-
ma amisaTvis dro monaxa da igi Targmna mSobliur ena-
ze. es wigni saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis same-
cniero-sagamomcemlo sabWos dadgenilebiT 1978 wels
kvlav gamoica 20 000 tiraJiT.
209
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, wigni bibliografiul iS-
viaTobad iqca. aWaraSi igi arc erT biblioTekaSi ar
aris. Cvens maswavlebels, profesional didaqtikoss,
moewona avtoris darigebani aRzrdis Temaze, amowera
sakmaod bevri adgili saTauriT `brZnuli Segonebani.
keTili rCevebi.~ _ raki `yabus-name~ bibliografiul
iSviaTobad iqca, minda mkiTxvelisaTvis xelmisawvdomi
gaxdes skender maswavleblis mier gamorCeuli es
brZnuli Segonebani. `is daexmareba mSoblebs, peda-
gogebs - Svilebis, momavali Taobis aRzrdaSi~, _ wer-
da skender maswavlebeli TandarTul werilSi.
skender maswavlebeli imeorebs `yabus-names~ avto-
ris sityvebs: `imedi maqvs, rom es sasargeblo iqneba da
kmayofilebas agrZnobinebs Semqmnelsac da wamkiTxvel-
sac, gadamwersac da msmenelsac~ ... `moiZebnebian adamia-
nebi, romlebic elian xelsayrel SemTxvevas, es da-
rigebani moisminon da saqmeSi gamoiyenon~.
naTqvamia, ufrosis Txovna brZanebaze ufro Zli-
eriao. maswavleblis Txovna CvenTvis davalebaze meti
iyo. samwuxarod, es Txovna mis sicocxleSi ver Se-
vasruleT. axla, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, masze da-
werili wignis boloSi warmovadgineT es masala
`maswavleblis `anderZis~ saxelwodebiT.
210
brZnuli Segonebani, keTili rCevebi
mama Svils mimarTavs:
am wuTisoflidan Cemi xvedri es sityvebia, xolo
CemTvis yvelaze Zvirfasi Sen xar. me ganvemzade imqveynad
gasamgzavreblad, Sen ki gamogigzavne is, rac wilad mxvda
(dawerili wigni `yabux-name~).
mamas didi simdidre ar hqonda. mxolod es wigni, ro-
melSic mravali darigebaa, dautova Svils qonebad,
cxovrebaSi saxelmZRvanelod. es darigebani yvela Svili-
saTvis sasargeblo ram aris, miT ufro Tanamedrove
globalur epoqaSi.
_ Cvenma Semoqmedma isurva, qveyana rom ayvavebuli
yofiliyo, STamomavlobiTi unari daawesa da mSobelTa
cxoveluri vneba gaxada sababi memkvidris gaCenisa, _
moZRvravs mama Svils.
_ raki gagaCina, mSobels pativi unda sce.
_ mSobeli Suamavalia Sensa da Semoqmeds Soris.
_ dedebi da mamebi winamZRolebi arian.
_ mSoblis gulis zrunvas abuCad nu aigdeb, radgan
Semoqmedi mSoblis mxares daiWers. mSoblebs rom winas-
warmetyvelis xnobamde ecxovraT, winaswarmetyveli val-
debuli iqneboda isini Tavis Tavze maRla daeyenebina, maT
winaSe qedi moexara da Svilis Sesaferisad moqceuliyo,
maSin es sityvebi umweo iqneboda: `me var meufe adamis Svi-
lebisa~. amitom Semoqmedma winaswarmetyvelis mSoblebis
sikvdili daawesa. aqedan gamomdinare, saerTod mSoblis
sikvdili kanonad iqca.
_ Tu Sen mSoblebs sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT ar
miudgebi, Seni adamianobiT miudeqi.
_ gamorCenas nu eZeb da mSoblebs ise moepyari, ro-
gorc amas Sen Svilebisagan moeli.
211
_ adamiani nayofis msgavsia, mSoblebi xisa. xes rac
ufro kargad mouvli, nayofsac kargad gamoiRebs. Tu
mSoblebs meti ridiT da krZalviT moepyrobi, maTi locva-
kurTxeva male sasurvel Sedegs gamoiRebs da uzenaesi da
uwmindesi RvTis wyalobas dauaxlovdebi.
_ memkvidreobis gulisaTvis mamis sikvdili ar isurvo,
mSoblebis sikvdilis gareSec miiReb Sens wilxvedrs.
yvela imas miiRebs, rac bedisweriT gekuTvnis, sakuTari
wilisaTvis Tavs Zalian nu Seiwuxeb, radgan amiT wili ar
gaizrdeba. naTqvamia: `icxovre mokrZalebiT da ara gam-
oZalviT.~
_ Tu gsurs Seni wilxvedriT RvTis madlieri iyo,
darwmunebisTvis Sexede mas, visi mdgomareobac Sens yofaze
uaresia, raTa mudam RvTis madlieri iyo.
_ Tu qonebiT Raribi iqnebi, ecade gonebiT mdidari
iyo. goneba qonebaze ukeTesia. WkuiT SeiZleba simdidre
daagrovo, simdidriT ki Wkuas ver SeiZen. uWkuo kaci male
daRaribdeba. Wkvianis qonebas ki verc qurdi moitacebs da
verc wyali da cecxli gaanadgurebs. Tu Wkua mogeZeveba,
ganaTldi, radgan goneba ganaTlebis gareSe igivea, rac
kaci samosis gareSe, adamiani saxis gareSe da sxeuli sulis
gareSe. naTqvamia: `ganaTleba gonebis saxeao.~
codnis fasi
_ uswavleli kaci mudam usargebloa xesaviT, romel-
sac totebi aqvs, magram Crdili ar gaaCnia.
_ kaci codniT fasdeba da ara gvariSvilobiT.
_ ecade piradi Rirsebac gagaCndes, radgan piradi
Rirseba STamomavlobiT Rirsebaze umjobesia.
212
_ sityvas Tu sibrZnis surneli ar asdis, jobs uTqmeli
darCes.
_ sityva Rvinos hgavs: man SeiZleba Tavi gatkinos da
Tavis tkivilis wamladac gamodges.
_ Tu ar gekiTxebian, nu ilaparakeb.
_ uxams saubars eride da Tu rames gekiTxebian, swo-
rad upasuxe.
_ vidre ar gTxoven, rCeva-darigebas nuravis miscem,
miT umetes Temaze, romlebzedac darigeba ar Wris.
_ sxvebis TandaswrebiT nuravis daarigeb. naTqvamia,
xalxis TandaswrebiT vinmesTvis Wkuis swavleba lanZRvas
udris.
_ rogorc keTil sityvas ar daiSureb, aseve nu dai-
Sureb SeZlebisdagvarad saCuqris gakeTebas. xalxi
saCuqriT ufro ixibleba, vidre sityviT.
_ saeWvo adgilebs eride. avismzraxveli da uzneo
megobrisagan Tavi Sors daiWire da sakuTari Tavis mteri
nu iqnebi.
_ iseT adgilebSi iare, rom, Tu Zebnas dagiwyeben da
mogagneben, ar Segrcxves.
_ xalxis ubedureba nu gagaxarebs, raTa xalxs Seni
ubedureba ar gauxardes.
_ samarTlianad moiqeci da samarTlianad mogeqcevian.
_ kargi Tqvi, raTa kargi moismino.
_ mwir miwaze nurafers dasTes, radgan verafers moim-
ki.
_ kargs kargiT miuzRe da keTilis maswavlebeli iyavi.
_ roca adamians sikeTes moutan, is sikeTe Senc imave
zomiT gargebs, razedac im kacs argo. Tu vinmes mimarT bo-
rotebas Caiden, Senc iseve Sewuxdebi, rogorc isini.
_ Tu vinmes datanjav, Senc daitanjebi.
213
_ Tu Sen raime ar gsiamovnebs, imiT sxvas ver asiamov-
neb.
_ sikeTisa da borotebis sazRaurs amqveynad miiReb,
vidre imqveynad waxvidode.
_ vidre SegiZlia, adamianisaTvis sikeTes nu daiSureb,
radgan sikeTe bolos nayofs gamoiRebs.
_ eniT erTs nu ityvi da guliT meores nu iqm. nu dae-
mgvanebi iseT gamyidvels, romelic xorblis nacvlad Wvavs
SemogaCeCebs.
_ yovel saqmeSi Sen iyavi Seni Tqmis msajuli, radgan
vinc sakuTar Tavs gansjis, mas msajuli ar dasWirdeba.
_ Seni av-kargi iseT kacs uTxar, romelic Sens bedsa
da ubedobas gaiziarebs.
_ mwuxarebas da bednierebas yvelas nu gaumxel.
_ yovelgvari kargi Tu cudi ambavi maSinve nu gaga-
mxiarulebs da nu Segawuxebs, radgan es bavSvuri saq-
cielia.
_ moTminebidan nurasdros gamoxval _ brZenT arc
simarTle aRelvebT da arc sicrue.
_ Tu bednierebas mwuxareba mosdevs, bednierebad nu
CaTvli, aseve, gaWirvebas Tu dalxineba mosdevs, gaWir-
vebad nu miiCnev.
_ ubedobis dros ufro meti simtkice gmarTebs.
_ vidre pirSi suli gidgas, simarTlis gzas nu daagdeb.
_ Tu vinme SegekamaTeba, dumiliT Seawyvetine layboba.
_ icode, ybeds mxolod munji daRlis.
_ yvelas uflebas pativi eci, gansakurTebiT ki ax-
loblebisas.
_ moxuci ojaxSi igivea, rac winaswarmetyveli
sakrebuloSi.
_ Zlier sasargebloa codnis SeTviseba da sizarmacis
gamo sxeuls dasji.
214
_ sizarmace tanis Wiaao.
_ sakuTari sxeuli iZulebiT unda moToko da survi-
lisamebr daimorCilo, radgan vinc sakuTar sxeuls ver
daimoCilebs, igi verc codnas SeiZens.
_ Tu sxeuls daimorCileb, saaqao da saiqio sasufe-
vels daimkvidreb.
_ yovelgvari sikeTis safuZveli codna, morCileba,
RvTismosaoba, Tavmdabloba, samarTlianoba da mokrZale-
baa.
_ mokrZaleba sarwmunoebis navsayudeliao, magram
mokrZalebas xSirad adamianisTvis zianic moaqvs.
_ iseTi mokrZalebuli nu iqnebi, rom amiT Sens saqmes
avno da ukuRma waiyvano.
_ zogjer mouridebladac unda moiqce, Tu gsurs, rom
mizans miaRwio.
_ eride mxolod bilwsityvaobas, sulmokleobas,
sicrues, urwmunoebas.
_ qvelmoqmedebas moklebul ganaTlebul adamians ga-
naTlebulad nu miiCnev.
_ nu isaubreb uvicTan, gansakurebiT mkvexarasTan.
_ mxolod saxelovan xalxTan isaubre, masTan iqonie
urTierToba. amiT karg saxels moixveW.
_ Tu vinme daxmarebas gTxovs, xels nu hkrav, radgan
mas Tavisi gaWirvebac eyofa.
_ Aqvelmoqmedeba da kacTmoyvareoba saqvelmoqmedo
miznad gaixade da cud Cvevebs moeride.
_ zedmetad xelgaSlili nu iqnebi, radgan amis Sedegad
sazrunavi mogemateba _ es ki damcirebamde migiyvans.
_ ecade mxolod ganswavluli xalxis qeba daimsaxuro,
radgan uvicTa da mdabioTa Seqeba saTakiloa.
_ roca suleli an uvici gaqebs, maSin misi Wkuis mosa-
woni sisulele gaqvs Cadenili.
215
_ ficxi da mkvaxe nu iqnebi, momTmeni iyav, magram iseTi
lbilic nu iqnebi, silbos gamo gadagylapon. iseTi uxeSic
nu iqnebi, verasdros TiTi ver dagakaron.
_ yvela rjulis xalxTan kargi damokidebuleba iqo-
nie, radgan keTili ganwyobiT SegiZlia miaRwio sawadels
mtrebTanac da moyvrebTanac.
_ borotebas nuravis nu STaagoneb, radgan vinmesTvis
borotebis STagoneba igivea, rac borotebis Cadena.
_ Tu vinme daumsaxureblad Seuracxyofas mogayenebs,
ecade, samagiero ar gadauxado.
_ adamianobis safuZveli mxolod saTnoobaa da Tu ka-
ci xar, saTno iyavi.
_ adamianma sarkeSi unda Caixedos: Tu misi saxe momxi-
blavia, maSin misi saqmec saxesaviT lamazi unda iyos. Tu
sarkeSi Caixedavs da dainaxavs, rom maxinjia, keTili saqme
unda gaaorkecos, radgan Tu siaves Caidens, avs avi moema-
teba da orive erTad ubedureba iqneba.
_ rCeva-darigeba mxolod gulwrfeli megobrebisgan
unda miiRo da mrCevlebs yovelTvis ganmartoebiT eTaT-
bire.
_ roca vinmes sityvebs waikiTxav da Seiswavli, codna
nu gagaampartavnebs da nu ifiqreb yvelaferi Seviswavleo,
Tavi mainc uswavlelad CaTvale. naswavli mxolod maSin
iqnebi, roca sakuTari codnis simcires Seigneb.
_ rCevis miRebas nu iTakileb, rCevis misaRebad ga-
mocdil moxucebsa da erTgul megobrebTan iTaTbire.
_ icode, erTi kacis azri orisas ver gautoldeba.
_ cali TvaliT SeuZlebelia dainaxo is, rasac orive
TvaliT dainaxav.
_ Tu Sens axlobels raime SeemTxveva, mis dasaxmareb-
lad nurc Tavs dazogav da nurc fuls.
216
_ mtersac rom daexmaro da gaWirvebisgan ixsna, mosa-
lodnelia, rom mteri megobrad geqces.
_ ganaTlebuli da mWevrmetyveli adamianis salami
daafase da maT pativiscemiT moepyari, raTa isini Sens
salams ufro eSurebodnen.
_ yvelaze sawyali isaa, visac aravin esalmeba.
_ mWevrmetyvel xalxTan molaybe nu iqnebi, radgan
naswavl kacs layboba ar uxdeba.
_ saubris wesebi da misi av-kargi unda Seiswavlo.
saubris av-kargisaTvis
_ saTqmeli oTxi saxisaa: erTia sityva, romelic arc
unda icode, arc unda Tqva; meore _ romelic unda icode
da kidec unda Tqva; mesame _ romelic unda Tqva da ar unda
icode; meoTxe _ romelic unda icode da ar unda Tqva.
pirveli _ is aris, romelic sarwmunoebas moutans zi-
ans.
meore _ isaa, romelTanac dakavSirebulia qveynisa da
sarwmunoebis sikeTe da romelic am qveynadac gamogadgeba
da im qveynadac, misi Tqma da mosmena mTqmelsac argebs da
gamgonesac.
mesame _ isaa, romelic Seni batonis (ufrosis) an mego-
bris nakls gamoxatavs, an SariaTiTac ar SeiZleba. aseTi
sityva batonis (ufrosis) risxvas iwvevs, an megobris siZu-
lvilis, an ayal-mayalis SiSi geqneba.
meoTxe _ isaa, romelic saRvTo wignebisa da moci-
qulTa ambebs Seexeba.
am oTxi sityvidan umjobesia is, romelic sacodne-
licaa da saTqmelic.
217
_ sityva, romliTac xalxs mimarTav, rac SeiZleba kar-
gad gamoTqvi, raTa damajerebeli iyos da xalxma Seni
Rirseba Seicnos.
_ brZenT uTqvamT: yovel sityvaSi kaci imalebao.
_ zogierTi sTqmels ise ityvis, suls gagimwarebs,
maSin, roca igive SeiZleba iseTnairad iTqvas, rom suli
gaginaTdes.
_ sityva yovlisSemZlea. igi zecisgan movlenili Zalaa.
sityva yovelTvis zusti mniSvnelobiT ixmare da nu daamax-
injeb, raTa mexsierebas ziani ar miayeno.
_ rasac ambob, naTlad gamoTqvi da uazrod nu ikamaT-
eb. yvela kamaTSi sabuTi gaazviade, xolo sakamaTo
daamcire.
_ rac ar ici, imaze Tavs nu gamoideb da aseTi codniT
lukma-puris Sovnas nu apireb.
_ rac ar ici, miT verafers moipoveb.
_ Tu Sen sityvas gasavali ar eqneba, msmenels survi-
lisamebr elaparake, raTa xaTabalas uvneblad daaRwio
Tavi.
_ mWevrmetyvelic rom iyo, SesaZleblobaze naklebad
gamoavline, raTa Sua saubarSi mSralze ar darCe.
_ mravlismcodne da mciredis moubari iyavi da ara
mciredis mcodne da mravlis moubari.
_ naTqvamia, dumili sibrZnea, layboba sisulele.
_ lazRandaras, ginda WkuiT savse iyos, xalxi uWkuod
CaTvlis, xolo roca uWkuo kaci Cumad aris, mis siCumes
didi Wkuis simbolod miiCneven.
_ rac unda wminda da umanko iyo, Tavis qebas nu
moyvebi, rac unda bevri icode, mxolod is Tqvi, rac
saWiroa, raTa Senma sityvam gansacdelSi ar Cagagdos.
_ icxovre ise, rogorc Sens wminda gvars Seefereba,
Seni modgma didia da saxelovani, msoflios mpyrobeli
218
mefeebis monaTesave xar da raime xelobiT lukmapuri
iSove.
avtori iyenebs or xerxs, erTi rom uSualod Svils
mimarTavs darigebiT da meore _ mimarTavs saerTod axal-
gazrdobas, yvelas.
mefe Tu ar iqnebi, maSin vaWroba airCie, an musikosi
iyavi, an mkurnalobas mohkide xli, an soflis meurneoba
Seiswavle da sxva.
xelobis Seswavlas Svils nuravin dauSlis. es nuravis
eTakileba, radgan vaJkacoba da didgvarovneba xSirad
fuWia.
mama Svils asakis Taviseburebebs acnobs:
_ kacs ocdaTxuTmet wlamde yovel dRes emateba Zal-
Rone, 35-40 wlamde, rogorc aris, ise rCeba. arc iklebs,
arc imatebs.
_ mzec xom asea, cis Suaguls miuaxlovdeba Tu ara,
svlas Seanelebs, vidre Casvlas ar daiwyebs.
_ 40-dan 50 wlamde adamiani yovel wels sxeulSi iseT
nakls SeamCnevs, rogoric wina wels ar SeumCnevia.
_ 50-dan 60 wlamde yovelTviurad iseT naoWs aRmo-
aCens, romlis msgavsi wina TveSi ar unaxavs.
_ 60-dan 70 wlamde yovel kviras iseT tkivils
igrZnobs, rogorc wina kviraSi ar ugemnia.
_ 70-dan 80 wlamde yoveldRiurad iseTi seni
daeufleba, rogoric wina dRiT ar ganucdia.
... da Tu 80-s gadaabija, yovel saaTSi iseTi tkivili da
urva Seipyrobs, rogorc erTi saaTis win ar hqonia.
_ gana kmayofili iqneba is adamiani, romelsac yovel
saaTSi axali satkivari da urva miemZlavreba? cxovrebis
219
lazaTis zRvari 40 welia. Tumc kibe ormocsafexuriania,
raki TavSi axval, sxvagan wasasvlel gzas veRar ipovi. ra
gziTac axvedi, igive gziT unda Camoxvide.
_ Svilo Cemo, sibereze wuwuni gavigrZele, radgan is
Zlier mawuxebs. sibere Cemi mteria da mterze Tu samduravs
vambob, ra gasakviria.
_ beiTi (orstriqoniani leqsi)
ratom gikvirs, Tu siberis gamo movTqvam,
dardad mawevs, dards ki kvnesa mouxdeba.
_ siberis simware moxucze ukeT aravin icis.
Svilo Cemo!
_ ecade, siberis Jams erT adgilas dasaxlde, radgan
sibereSi xetiali veraferi sibrZnea, gansakuTrebiT, Rari-
bisaTvis.
_ sibere da gaWirveba _ orive mteria da ori mtris
TanxlebiT mogzaurobas ki WkuaTmyofeli kaci ver ga-
bedavs. Tu mogzauroba aucilebelia da saxlidan Sors
waxval, Tanac Tu am mogzaurobaSi raime sikeTes naxav, es
umjobesia, vidre kerasTan jdoma. maSin saxlisken nu gam-
oswev da sadac Sesafer saqmes naxav, iq dasaxldi da sam-
Soblodac is CaTvale, sadac gageZlebineba.
_ naTqvamia, samSoblo meore dedaao. magram es Sen nu
gafiqrebinebs, ifiqre mxolod Seni saqmeebis ayvavebaze,
bednierebs TviT bedniereba eZebs, ubedurebs _ samSoblo.
_ roca dainaxav, rom Seni saqmeebi kargad midis da
xelT sarfiani saqme Caigde, ecade, es saqmianoba kargad
aiTviso. roca saqmeebSi warmatebas miaRwev, zedmetis Zeb-
nas nu daiwyeb, radgan metis gamodevnebaSi SeiZleba sul
carieli darCe. kargad Senaxuli nivTis ufro kargad Se-
220
naxvas nu ecdebi, raTa ukeTesi adgilis ZebnaSi isic ar da-
kargo. cxovrebas amaod nu gaatareb, Tavi rigianad dai-
Wire!
_ sxeuli sadgomia, suli ki mdgmuri.
_ suls sami Tviseba axasiaTebs: cxovelmyofeloba,
moZraoba da simsubuqe.
_ sxeulsac sami Tviseba aqvs, sikvdili, simSvide da
simZime.
_ qonebas Zunwis garda nuravis miabareb da yomarba-
zebs da loTebs nu endobi.
_ yvela kaci qurdad igule, raTa Seni qoneba
qurdisgan daculi iyos.
_ Tu ufro meti fuli geqneba, miwa iyide, radgan rasac
miwas daaxarjav, ukanve miiReb da qonebac mudam erT
adgilze geqneba.
_ yovelgvari gaWirvebis dros vals nu daideb, Sens
nivTebs nu daagiraveb da, ra Tqma unda, sagvareuloSi
oqros nu gascem.
_ vidre SeZleb, nurc simarTleze daificeb da nurc
sicrueze.
_ zogjer erTi nakli aTas Rirsebas Crdilavs da erTi
Rirseba aTas nakls faravs.
_ adamianis cnoba mxolod gamWriaxobiT da dakvir-
vebiT SeiZleba.
_ gamWriaxobis unari mTlianad winaswarmetyvelur
unars ganekuTneba. mis arss veravin Cawvdeba, garda
mociqulisa.
_ Tu adamians sinjav, pirvelad saxes unda miaqcio
yuradReba, radgan saxe yovelTvis daufaravia, tani ki xan-
daxan. Semdeg Tval-warbSi Sexede, mere cxvirsa da tuC-
kbilebs daakvirdi, bolos Tma SeuTvaliere. bunebam ada-
mianis saTnoeba Tval-warbSi moaqcia, sikoxtave _ cxvirSi,
221
sitkboeba – tuC-kbilSi, sinaze _ kanSi. Tma ki yovelive
amis Sesamkobad daawesa, viTarca samkauli. Tu Tval-
warbSi saTnoeba aqvs, tuC-kbilSi sitkboeba, cxviri koxta
aqvs, kani ki qorfa, aseTi adamiani kacia. danarCeni ide-
alebi nu gagitacebs, Tu mTliani ise ar iqneba, koxta mainc
unda iyos.
_ ulamazo mimzidveli sjobs, sikoxtaves moklebul
lamazs.
_ sami ram aris udidesi ubedureba: 1. cudi mezobeli; 2.
Seufrebeli coli; 3. xelmokleoba.
* * *_ Tu odesme xelmZRvaneli iqnebi, RvTisnieri iyavi....
Tvali da xeli sxvisi haramxanisken nu gageqceva, uzneo nu
iqnebi.
_ zneobrivi sispetake sarwmuneobis siwmindea.
_ yovel saqmeSi Seni gulisTqma gulisxmas daumor-
Cile.
_ vidre dayovnebis saSualeba gaqvs, nu aCqardebi.
_ vidre saqmes Seudgebi, dasawyisSi gaarkvie, rogor
daasrulo es saqme.
_ Tu saqmes bolos ver unaxav, nuRar daiwyeb.
_ yovel saqmeSi lmobieri iyavi da Tu saqme lmo-
bierebiT keTdeba, sxvagvarad nu moiqcevi.
_ usamarTlobas nu moiTmen, yoveli sityva da saqme
simarTlis TvaliT ganWvrite, raTa SegeZlos simarTlis
garCeva sicruisgan.
_ mudam simarTles RaRadebde; cota ilaparake da cota
icine, raTa xelqveiTebi ar gagiTamamdnen.
_ naTqvamia, xelmZRvanelisaTvis yvelaze uaresi
qveSevrdomTa Tavxedoba da axlobelTa urCobaao.
222
_ yovelTvis didebuli gamometyveleba SeinarCune,
raTa qveSevrdomTa TvalSi fasi ar dakargo.
_ Senianebis sicocxles gaufrTxildi da sxvis mimarT
mowyale iyavi.
_ ulmobelTa mimarT lmobierebas nu gamoiCen da maT
mimarT sastiki iyavi.
_ nu gaSinaurdebi da yovel wams saCivrisTvis nu
mimarTav.
_ Tu Seni moadgile Tu TanaSemwe vinmes Sesaxeb raimes
CagawveTebs yurSi, an raimes girCevs, mousmine, magram
pasuxs maSinve nu gascem, uTxari: jer davakvirdeT da
Semdeg rogorc saWiro iqneba, ise gadavwyvitav-Tqo. vinmes
am saqmis gamoZieba ubrZane, gaige, SenTvis eZebs sikeTes,
Tu TavisTvis da, roca yvelafers garkvev, saTanado pasuxi
gaeci, raTa man ususurad ar CagTvalos.
_ axalgazrda iqnebi Tu moxuci, yovelTvis moxuci
vaziri gyavdes... am Tanamdebobas axalgazrdas nu uboZeb,
radgan naTqvamia: moxucma unda gauwios laSqars
sardloba. Wabuki, ragind daostatdes, Wabukad darCeba.
_ Tu moxuci iqnebi, uxerxulia, moxucs axalgazrdam
misces rCeva, xolo Tu Senc axalgazrda iqnebi da Seni
vaziric, orives axalgazrduli cecxli erTad aigzneba da
am SeerTebuli cecxliT qveyana gadaiwveba.
_ vaziri unda iyos saxieri, darbaiseli, axovani, war-
mosadegi da grZelwvera.
_ Tu gsurs rom arxeinad iyo, saqme unarian kacs daa-
vale.
223
RmerTsa vTxov SenTvis yvela sikeTes,Svilo:
_ saqme mas ande, vinc Segisrulebs, mama Svils, momaval
mefes, mimarTavs darigebiT:
_ Tu vinmes mimarT keTilad xar ganwyobili da misi
pativiscema ginda, Tanadgomis gacemis gareSec SegiZlia
yovelgvari sikeTe uwyalobo, Tu Seni umecrebis damtkice-
ba ar gsurs, nu miscem mas Seuferebel Tanamdebobas.
_ Seni xelmZRvanelobis dros brZanebis aTvalwunebis
nebas nuravis miscem, Torem Senc agiTvalwuneben.
_ xelmZRvanelobis mTeli siamovneba mbrZaneblobaa.
es rom ar yofiliyo, maSin xelmZRvaneli da qveSevrdomi
erTi iqneboda. xelmZRvaneli mbrZanebelia, qveSevrdomi _
aRmasrulebeli.
_ vilaieTi ise marTe, rom Seni brZanebebi srulde-
bodes, anda masze xeli aiRe, raTa iseTma kacma marTos, vis
brZanebebsac Seasruleben.
_ qveynis wesrigi damokidebulia brZanebis Sesru-
lebaze da Tu brZaneba ar sruldeba, qveyanaSi uwesrigoba
iCens Tavs.
_ brZanebis Sesruleba ki marTlmsajulebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia.
_ Tu gsurs, rom saqmeebi win wavides, marTlmsaju-
lebas nu moaduneb.
_ sardalma laSqars xelqveiTebze mbrZaneblobis
ufleba ar unda misces, radgan es qveyanas daaqcevs.
_ laSqarze rom zrunav, xalxzec iseve izrune. mefe
xelmZRvaneli mzis daria. ar egebis, rom man zogierTs
mohfinos sxivebi, zogs ki ara.
_ qveynis amSenebeli xalxia, radgan igia Semosavlis
wyaro.
224
_ ukanonobas gulSi nu gaivleb.
_ marTlmsajuli mefis sasaxle didxans iqneba aRmar-
Tuli, boroti mefis simaRle ki male daemxoba.
_ marTlmsajuleba ayvavebaa, usamarTloba _ gavera-
neba.
_ ise ar gaicino, rom yvela kbili gamogiCndes.
_ mrisxanebis dros uSveri sityviT aravis mimarTo.
_ ecade, mefobam, Tanamdebobam, Tavbru ar dagaxvios.
_ eqvs Tvisebas nu ugulebelhyof: simtkices (momTme-
neloba, avt.), marTlmsajulebas, guluxvobas, gamosar-
Clebas, sidarbaisles, simarTlis Tqmas. am eqvsidan ro-
melimes Tu daiviwyeb, mefoba, Tanamdeboba male Tavbrus
dagaxvevs. Tavbrudaxveuli mefe Tu Tanamdebobis piri,
maSin gamofxizldeba, roca xelisuflebas dakargavs.
_ mefobis dros dainteresdi qveynis saqmeebiT.
_ mefem Tu Tanamdebobis pirma ar unda dalios imdeni
Rvino, rom banidan Camosvla ver SeZlos.
_ Sen Seni qveynis Sesaxeb yvelaferi unda icode. esec
ar kmara, sxva qveynebis Sesaxebac unda icode, rom isic
icode, emegobro Tu emtero.
_ vinc gamarjvebas iparavs, is mefe ar aris (aleq-
sandre makedoneli).
_ gamarjveba gonebiT, an brZoliT unda moigo sa-
brZolo moedanze.
_ mefobis Jams mieCvie didi saqmeebis keTebas.
_ sulmdabal mefes Tu Tanamdebobis pirs dideba ar
ergeba.
_ mefe yvelaze didia da amitom misi sityva da saqme
yvelaze didebuli unda iyos, raTa didi saxeli moixveWos.
_ didebas da saxels didi saqmiTa da sityviT aRweven.
225
miwis muSakisaTvis
_ Tu miwa geqneba, sasoflo saqmeebis dro daiswavle
da icode, saqmeSi ar gamoiyeno, dros nu gadaacileb.
_ umjobesia xvna 10 dRiT adre daiwyo, vidre 2 dRiT
daagviano.
_ erTi uReli xar-kameCi calke iyide, radgan Tu
xarebs rame daemarTeba, Tesva Sen ar dagelodeba da saq-
meSi CamorCebi.
_ Tu miwa TviT ar aris maZRari, verc Sen gagaZRebs.
_ mudam miwis keTilsinisierad damuSavebaze ifiqre,
raTa amiT keTildReobas miaRwio.
_ Tu bazris xelosanTagani iqnebi, xelxvavrieli da
xelgamomavli iyavi, raTa bevri damlocveli gyavdes.
_ yvela saqme Tanamosaqmeebze ukeTesad gaakeTe da
mcired mogebas dasjerdi, erTbaSad 10 wilis miRebas 2
gzis xuTi wili gerCios.
_ Tanamosaqmeebs nu eCxubebi da nu gajiutdebi, raTa
xelosnobaSi warmatebas miaRwio, xalxma Segaqos da
SenTan ivaWros.
_ Tu raimes yidi, `Zmao~, `megobaro~ pirze gekeros da
Tavazianoba gamoiCine, vidre SegiZlia, uxeSad da udierad
nu moiqcevi. Seni Tavazianobis gamo, myidvels wunianoba
moerideba da amiT Seni survili asruldeba. Tu ase
moiqcevi, bevri megobari geyoleba, sxva xelosnebs Tvali
Senze darCebaT da Sen cnobili da TvalsaCino kaci
gaxdebi.
_ yidva-gayidvisas simarTlis Tqma wesad gaixade.
_ Zunwi nu iqnebi da pur-marili giyvardes.
_ Senze Raribi daasaCuqre, xolo vinc Senze mdidaria,
mas nurafers Txov.
226
_ vaWrobaSi bavSvebis, qalebisa da nacnob-megob-
rebisagan gamorCenas nu eZeb.
_ RirseulTan Rirseuli iyavi da vaWarTan vaWari.
_ saswori wesrigSi gqondes.
_ Seni ojaxis orguli nu iqnebi da Semosavals sxvagan
nu daxarjav.
_ Tanamosaqmeebs nu Seaviwroeb da yalb nawarms nu
gaakeTeb.
_ mcodnisa da armcodnisaTvis erTnairad gaisarje.
yvelaferSi zomieri iyavi.
_ TavzexelaRebuli nu iqnebi.
_ Tu megobrisaTvis sesxi gaqvs micemuli da ici, rom
xelmoklea, wamdauwum nu mosTxov.
_ gulkeTili iyavi da xalxi karg kacad gicnobs.
raindobisa da vaJkacobisyofaqcevisaTvis
_ adamians 3 Tviseba gaaCnia: 1. goniereba, 2. samarT-
lianoba, 3. kacoba. visac samive gaaCnia, RvTis rCeulia.
gonebaClungoba, vnebaTa Relva da siave adamianTa umrav-
lesobas WeSmaritebis am gzas uxSobs.
_ am qveyanaSi arsebobs kavSiri miwier da zeciur
Zalebs Soris, Tumca Tavisi TvisebebiT erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebulia, magram Tavisi xasiaTiT erTmaneTzea
damokidebuli.
_ wyali da cecxli erTmaneTisagan Tavisi TvisebebiT
gansxvavebulia. aseve miwa da haeri.
_ roca miwa gaxdeba Suamavali wyalsa da cecxls So-
ris, kavSiric damyardeba. miwa Tavisi simSraliT waagavs
cecxls, siciviT – wyals; wyali sicxiT waagavs miwas,
227
simsubuqiT _ haers. haeri simsubuqiT waagavs wyals da
simxuravaliT _ cecxls. cecxli simxurvaliT waagavs
eTers, eTeri ki elvarebiT mzes, romelic meufea. mze Tavi-
si TvisebebiT nivTierTan dakavSirebulia, nivTieris ga-
reSe ki naTeba ar xdeba. mze mexuTe stiqias ganekuTvneba.
nivTieri gangebis sulTan aris dakavSirebuli, suli ki
gonebasTan.
bunebis qmediT da vnebiT Zalebs Soris kavSiria dam-
yarebuli. Tu qmediTi movlenebi vnebiT movlenebs ar
asazrdoebs, maT Soris kavSiri irRveva. bunebrivi Zalebi
cis TaRTan, cis TaRi _ nivTierTan, nivTieri – sulTan,
suli _ gonebasTan, amgvar kavSirSi miiCnie.
_ Cveni sxeuli cxovelmyofelobiT arsebobs, cxo-
velmyofeloba – suliT, gonebiT.
_ raindobasa da vaJkacobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia:
1. rasac ityvi, Seasrule;
2. sityvasa da saqmeSi simarTles miende;
3. saqmeSi iyavi momTxovni, gulRia, mamaci, momTmeni,
gulwrfeli, zneobrivad spetaki, moralurad mtkice;
4. sakuTari keTildReobisTvis sxvas ziani ar miayeno;
5. megobris keTildReobisaTvis Tavi ar dazogo;
6. xelqveiTze xeli ar aRmarTo;
7. Cagrulis qomagi iyavi, ganukiTxavisTvis _ gamkiTxa-
vi;
8. gqondes rwmena.
228
bolosityvaoba
kidev bevri ram SeiZleba iTqvas skender maswav-
lebelze, rogorc pedagogsa da pirovnebaze.
Cven davaxasiaTeT baton skender bajeliZis mraval-
ferovani cxovreba da da samagaliTo pedagogiuri moR-
vaweoba. SevasruleT misi `anderZi~. amiT mis mimarT
movixadeT zneobrivi movaleoba. ra SeiZleba iTqvas
mis pirovnebaze akumulirebulad, anotaciis saxiT?
amagdari maswavleblis Sesaxeb bolo sityvis saTq-
melad, misi pirovnebis Sesafaseblad, gvinda movitanoT
didi qarTveli klasikosi mwerlis, nodar dumbaZis
mosazrebani maswavleblis Sesaxeb. igi wers:`maswavlebloba udidesi saidumlos gamxelas unda
hgavdes. moZRvari SegirdisaTvis misani unda iyos, mis-ani, romlic mas bunebis saidumloebas andobs.~ ...`WeSmarit maswavleblad iTvleba is pedagogi, visacSeswevs unari, sxvas gadasces codna da ise Seayvarossagani, rom gancvifrebulma ifiqros, es rom ar mcod-noda, ra meSveleboda, Cems cxovrebas ra fasi eqne-bodao~1.
am zogadi naTqvamidan gamomdinare, humanisti mwera-li da eriskaci imasac ambobs, rom maswavlebeli, mra-
val TvisebaTa Soris, oTx saidumloebas unda flob-
des.
1. usazRvrod uyvardes bavSvebi;
2. usazRvrod uyvardes sagani, romlsac aswavlis;
3. hqondes unari _ es siyvaruli sxvasac Sehyaros,
rogorc seni ukurnebeli;
1 n. dumbaZe, STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb., 1984, gv.173.
229
4. iyos uaRresad Tanamedrove, hqondes codva-mad-
lis, anu simarTlis garCevisa da moTminebis unari.
Sxvanairad yvela mcdeloba imisa, rom iyo moZRva-
ri fuWia, yalbi da uSedego.1
batoni skender bajeliZe, rogorc pedagogi, zemoT
dasaxelebul yvela saidumlos flobda.
_ mas usazRvrod uyvarda bavSvebi, moswavleebi;
skolis damTavrebis Semdegac kursdamTavrebulebTan
ar wyvetda kavSirs, maTTan megobrobda.
_ mas usazRvrod uyvarda Tavisi sagani _ geogra-
fia, romelsac aswavlida axalgazrdobas. kargad erk-
veoda sxva monaTesave disciplinebSi, sazogadoebriv-
politikur procesebSi Caxeduli pedagogi brZandebo-
da. es iyo qarizma, riTac izidavda moswavles, msmen-
els.
_ mas hqonda unari _ Tavisi siyvaruli bavSvebisa
da sagnisadmi sxvebisTvisac Seeyvarebina, gadaedo, ro-
gorc ukurnebeli seni. SemTxveviTi ar iyo is faqtic,
rom bevri misi mowafe gahyva sayvareli maswavleblis
profesias, airCia pedagogoba, da rac mTavaria, geo-
grafiis specialoba. isini gaxdnen saxelovani pedago-
gebi, skolis direqtorebi, saswavlo nawilis gamgeebi
Tu ganaTlebis sxva dargis mowinave specialistebi.
_ dabolos, is iyo uaRresad Tanamedrove, novato-
ruli azrovnebis mqone, mxars uWerda siaxles, ver
egueboda formalizms, moCvenebiTobas, iyo saqmiani mas-
wavlebeli, usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli, uyvar-
da simarTle, iyo taqtiani, momTmeni, nebisyofiani ped-
agogi.
1 n. dumbaZe, STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb., 1984, gv.173-174.
230
skender maswavlebeli Tavisi misnuri unariT iyo
axalgazrdobis, momavali Taobis gzis gamkvalavi, Ci-
raRdani, xelSi anTebuli lampriT, gzas rom unaTebda
Segirdebs. Tavisi zneobrivi sifaqiziT, sulieri siw-
mindiT, pedagogiuri moRvaweobiT da sazogadoebrivi
saqmianobiT gaxldaT misabaZi magaliTi, nimuSi Tu
orientiri imisa, Tu rogor unda icxovro, rogor unda
iRvawo, ra da rogor unda akeTo mTeli sicocxlis
manZilze sakuTari kvalis gasavlebi saqme, rom daim-
kvidro Seni adgili amqveynad ise, rom Sens saflavTan
gamvlelma nacnobebma CagZaxon: `aqac kargi kaci iyav,
iq naTeli dagadgeso~.
aseTi iyo Cveni sayvareli da dauviwyari maswavle-
beli, batoni skender bajeliZe.
RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli... misi saamayo
saxeli, madliani saqme iqneba nimuSi, uwinares yovlisa,
pedagogebisTvis da, saerTod, dRevandeli da momavali
TaobebisTvis.
winamdebare wigni aRiarebuli maswavleblis, moqa-
laqeobrivi TvisebebiTYSemkuli pirovnebis Zeglia, ro-
melsac Taobebi, sagvareulo da sanaTesao wre, kolega-
megobrebi, misi aRzrdilebi Semounaxaven da gadascemen
momaval Taobebs.
`kargi hqeni, qvaze dade, gaiare, win dagxvdeba~, _
esaa cxovrebis sibrZne, rac yvela adamianma unda
icodes da gaiTvaliswinos Tavis gzasavalze.
231
gamoyenebuli literature da masalebi
1. arTmelaZe r., samSoblos saxelovani Svilebi, baTumi,
1972 (rusul enaze);
2. axuaSvili i., qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, xuTtomeuli,
tomi IV, Tb., 2001;
3. bagrationi v., aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosi, Tb.,
1997;
4. berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.
VII, Tb., 1997;
5. gigineiSvili k., berZnul-romauli sakuTari saxelebis
orTografiuli leqsikoni, Tb., 1985;
6. gogitiZe s., qaSqa-abeSla afxazur (afsua) adiReuri
Tu qarTveluri modgma, baT., 2010;
7. dumbaZe s., aWaris avtonomiuri respublika meore
msoflio omis periodSi (1939-1945 ww), baT., 2005; missive sax-
elovani xixaneli, Tb., 2008;
8. dumbaZe n., STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb.,
1984;
9. dumbaZe n., dumbaZe s., xixaneli xevisberi, Tb., 2000;
10. TofCiSvili r., XIX saukunis mosaxleobis aRwera sa-
qarTveloSi, Tb., 1997;
11. ioseliani av., narkvevebi kolxeTis istoriidan, Tb.,
1979;
12. kaxiZe a., mailsi r., fiWvnari (kolxebi da berZnebi
aRmosavleT savizRvispireTSi), baT.-oqsfordi, 2004;
13. maisuraZe i., qarTuli gvar-saxelebi (saleqsikono-
bibliografiuli masalebi), Tb., 1981;
14. orbeliani sulxan-saba, sityvis kona, Tb., 1941;
15. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi,
aWara, oTxtomeuli, t. I-IV. baT., 2007-2012;
16. silagaZe a., ToTaZe a., gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi,
Tb., 1997;
17. surmaniZe r., TeTrosani, baT., 2007;
18. surgulaZe ab., pirveli qarTuli skola xucubanSi,
baT., 1969;
232
19. tbeTis sulTa mateane (gamosacemad moamzada gamokv-
leva da saZiebeli daurTo T. enuqiZeb), Tb., 1977;
20. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, meore gamocema, Tb., 1989;
21. fSavela vaJa, Txz. T. V, Tb., 1961;
22. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli,
Tb., 1983;
23. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, Tb., 1977;
24. qamadaZe m., toponimia, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos
istoriis narkvevebi, aWara, I, baT., 2007;
25. qei-qausi (darigebebis wigni) Tb., 1978;
26. Rlonti al., qarTuli leqsikoni (qarTuli gvar-saxe-
lebi), Tb., 1964;
27. CubinaSvili n., qarTuli gvar-saxelebi (al. Rlontis
redaqciiTa da gamokvlevebiT), Tb., 1964;
28. WumburiZe z., ra gqvia Sen, Tb., 1982;
29. xalvaSi i., skola xixanis ZirSi, Tb., 2006;
30. xozrevaniZe d., skola mTaSi, baT., 1958;
31. jafariZe S., ordenisani xucubani, baT., 1969;
32. jafariZe S., xalxis samsaxurSi (al. TxilaiSvilis
cxovreba da moRvaweoba), baT., 2003;
33. jorbenaZe b., kobaxiZe n., mesxiZe n., qarTuli enis mor-
femebisa da modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, Tb., 1988;
masalebi1. saqarTvelos prezidentis arqivi (spa), fondi 14, aR. 1,
1 А. 1676, f. 42;2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo reestri, 2011;
presa1. gaz. `aWara~, 3 maisi, 1989;
2. gaz. `aWara~, 14 ianvari, 19978;
3. gaz. `aWara~, 1 ivlisi, 2005;
4. gaz. `aWara~, 9 maisi, 2006;
5. gaz. `baTumelebi~, 6-13 ivlisi, 2005;
6. gaz. `lenineli~ (qobuleTi), 19 seqtemberi, 1970;
7. gaz, `xulo~, (xulo), 26-27 agvisto, 2005.
233
wignis avtorebi
sergo dumbaZe
daibada 1937 wels, xu-
los raionis sof. bakoSi.
1953-1956 wlebSi swavla ga-
nagrZo xixaZiris saSualo
skolaSi.
1956-1961 wlebSi swav-
lobda baTumis SoTa rus-
Tavelis saxelobis saxelm-
wifo pedagogiur institut-
Si (amJamad universiteti).
iyo nikoloz baraTaSvilis
saxelobis stipendiati. war-
Cinebis diplomiT 1961 wlis
20 agvistos SromiTi saqmi-
anoba daiwyo mSobliur
raionSi. iyo skolis direq-
tori. 1961 wlis ianvridan
mSobliur institutSi (uni-
versitetSi) moRvaweobs. da-
amTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis aspirantura,
daicva sakandidato (1980 w.) da sadoqtoro (2002 w.) dis-
ertaciebi. iyo laboranti, ufrosi maswavlebeli. 1984
wlidan docenti, 2004 wlidan saqarTvelos istoriis kaT-
edris profesori, Semdeg ki saxelmwifo universitetis
istoriis, arqeologiisa da eTnologiis departamentis
sruli profesori, amJamad ki emeritus-profesoria.
saswavlo-pedagogiuri saqmianobis paralelurad, ewe-
va samecniero-kvleviT moRvaweobas. ikvlevs saqarTvelos
istoriis calkul problemebs. 500-mde werilis, recenzi-
is, wignis avtoria, maT Soris, 60 mecnieruli naSromisa,
maTgan 14 monografiis. aris `samxreT-dasavleT saqarTve-
los istoriis narkvevebi _ aWara~, meoTxe tomis erT-erTi
234
avtori. misi araerTi naSromi mieZRvna Rvawlmosil adami-
anebs, maT Soris, saxelovan pedagogebs. winamdebare naS-
romi, nikoloz dumbaZis TanaavtorobiT, asaxavs maTi
erT-erTi sayvareli pedagogis, aWaris damsaxurebuli mas-
wavleblis, omisa da Sromis veteranis - skender baje-
liZis cxovrebasa da pedagogiur moRvaweobas.
eweva sazogadoebriv saqmianobas. aris `aWaris Rvawl-
mosil muSakTa pativmigebisa da madlierebis sazogadoe-
bis~ Tavmjdomare, daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazoga-
doeba `moamagis~ viceprezidenti, romelTa meSveobiT,
iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis saqarTvelos pedagogTa
kavSiris aWaris respublikuri organizaciasTan erTad,
atarebs sasargeblo da saWiro RonisZiebebs, aRniSnaven
Rvawlmosil moRvaweTa damsaxurebebs; misi iniciativiTa
da rekomendaciiT mieniWa daviT mamulaZis saxeli _ qveda
Txilvanis sajaro skolas, selim ximSiaSvilis saxeli _
bakos sajaro skolas da Serif ximSiaSvilis saxeli _
mTisubnis sajaro skolas, sergo jaianis saxeli _ xixa-
Ziris sajaro skolas.
baTumis universitetma (reqtori prof. al. bakuriZe),
Txilvanis eTnografiulma muzeumma (direqtori S. bolq-
vaZe), da mSobliurma Txilvanis saSualo skolam (direq-
tori e. bolqvaZe), aRniSnes sergo dumbaZis dabadebidan
75, samecniero-pedagogiuri moRvaweobis 50 wlisTavi.
sergo dumbaZe dResac axalgazruli SemarTebiT gana-
grZobs samecniero-kvleviT da sazogadoebriv saqmianobas.
nikoloz dumbaZe
nikoloz dumbaZe daibada 1937 wlis 20 noembers, xu-
los raionis sofel bakoSi. dawyebiTi ganaTleba miiRo
mSobliuri soflis skolaSi, Semdeg Txilvanis rvawlian
skolaSi ganagrZo swavla. 1956 wels oqros medalze daam-
Tavra xixaZiris saSualo skola da ugamocdod Cairicxa
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedago-
235
giuri institutis istoria-filologiis fakultetze, ro-
melic daamTavra 1961 wels rusuli ena-literaturisa da
germanuli enis maswavleblis specialobiT.
instiutis damTavrebis Semdeg, nikoloz dumbaZe
Txilvanis saSualo skolis maswavlebelia, saidanac da-
winaurda da 1962-1973 wlebSi jer komkavSirul, Semdeg
partiul samuSaoebze moRvaweobs.
nikoloz dumbaZem TiTqmis TxuTmeti weli imuSava
aWaris ministrTa sabWos mecnierebis, kulturisa da ga-
naTlebis, aWaris umaRlesi sabWos saorganizacio-sainst-
ruqtoro ganyofilebebis gamged. muSaobda saqarTvelos
sazRvao sanaosnoSi, aWaris mrewvelobis saministroSi, ba-
Tumis meriaSi, sazRvargareT mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan
kulturuli urTierTobis saqarTvelos sazogadoebis aWa-
ris ganyofilebis referent-Tarjimnad.
nikoloz dumbaZe iyo xulos raionuli da baTumis
saqalaqo sabWoebis ramdenime mowvevis deputati. wlebis
ganmavlobaSi eweva Jurnalistur da samwerlo moRvaweo-
bas. iyo xulos raionuli gazeTis `koleqtiuri Sromis~
redaqtoris moadgile, respublikuri gazeTis `sovetskaia
adJarias~ sakuTari korespondenti, aqveynebda statiebs da
narkvevebs adgilobriv da respublikur Jurnal-gazeTeb-
Si.
aris xuTi wignis avtori, ori wignis Tanaavtori,
oTxi wignis recenzenti, ori wignis redaqtori
nikoloz dumbaZe dajildoebulia medlebiTa da aWa-
ris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos prezidiu-
mis sapatio sigelebiT, hyavs meuRle, ori Svili da eqvsi
SviliSvili.
nikoloz dumbaZe dResac aqtiurad monawileobs qvey-
anaSi mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikur movlenebSi.
236
Sinaarsi
winasityvaoba 4
pirveli ganyofileba - geografiul-socialuri garemo,gvaris genealogia da etimologia 9
$1. misi savane 9
$2. soflis inteligencia 25
$3. bajeliZeTa gvaris warmomavlobisa da
etimologiis Sesaxeb 52
meore ganyofileba _ skender bajeliZis cxovrebada moRvaweoba 67
$1. mSoblebi 67
$2. bavSvoba 76
$3. swavlis wlebi 79
$4. cxovrebis mZime wlebi 82
$5. cxovrebis karnaxiT gza umaRlesisken 87
$6. muSaoba aWaris `ucnob~ mTianeTSi 90
$7. pedagogiuri moRvaweobis gagrZeleba mSobliur
raionSi 110
$8. damsaxurebul pensiaze 118
$9. Rvawli daufasda 134
$10. ukanaskneli Sexvedra veteran maswavlebelTan 144
$11. veterani maswavlebeli emzadeboda 85 wlisTavis
aRsaniSnavad, magram... 150
$12. yvelam guliT daitira igi 152
skender bajeliZe 155
mesame ganyofileba _ xixaZirs ra damaviwyebs 159
meoTxe ganyofileba _ kristaluri siwmindis da maRalizneobis gansaxiereba iyo...skender bajeliZis 75 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnilisaiubileo saRamoze (1996 wlis 16 dekemberi)warmoTqmuli misalmebebi da mogonebebi 170
237
misalmebebi 170
mogonebebi 181
mexuTe ganyofileba _ vasrulebT skender maswavleblis`anderZs~ 207
mcire ganmartebisTvis 207
brZnuli Segonebani, keTili rCevebi 210
codnis fasi 211
saubris av-kargisaTvis 216
mama Svils asakis Taviseburebebs acnobs: 218
Svilo Cemo! 219
RmerTsa vTxov SenTvis yvela sikeTes, Svilo: 223
miwis muSakisaTvis 225
raindobisa da vaJkacobis yofaqcevisaTvis 226
bolosityvaoba 228
gamoyenebuli literature da masalebi 231
wignis avtorebi 233
238
gamomcemlobis direqtori _ nana xaxutaiSvili
gamomcemlobis redaqtori _ lali konceliZe
teqnikuri redaqtori _ eduard ananiZe
xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 18.01.2016
qaRaldis zoma 60X84 1/16
fizikuri Tabaxi 14.8
tiraJi 100
daibeWda universitetis stambaSi
q. baTumi, ninoSvilis 35
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