baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetibsu.edu.ge/text_files/ge_file_3298_1.pdffarglebSi,...
Transcript of baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetibsu.edu.ge/text_files/ge_file_3298_1.pdffarglebSi,...
- 1 -
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti
agraruli da sainJinro teqnologiebis fakulteti
agroekologiisa da satyeo saqmis departamenti
რუსლან დავითაძე
aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareuloba
(mravalferovneba tipologia ekologia)
disertacia
warmodgenilia doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
agrarul mecnierebaSi
specialoba satyeo ekologiardquo ndash 010502
samecniero xelmZRvaneli
zurab manveliZe
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori
baTumi
2013
- 2 -
S i n a a r s i
Sesavali--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Temis aqtualoba------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi------------------------------------------------------ 8
kvlevis meTodebi----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
mecnieruli siaxle----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba ----------------------- 12
naSromis aprobacia---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
publikacia----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura-------------------------------------- 13
kvlevis obieqti ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli
pirobebi------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi-------------------------------------------- 14
12 12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi------------------------------------- 20
13 hava--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis
klimatihellip-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------ 26
133 133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------- 26
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati--------------------------- 26
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati------------------------------------------- 26
14 niadgebi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri
Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi---
32
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------------------- 32
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi-------------------------------------- 33
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------- 33
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi-------------------------------- 33
15 hidrografia--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria-- 35
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba
da tradiciuli meurneoba---------------------------------------------------
41
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba) -----------------------------------------------------------
41
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba) ---------------------------------------------------------------
50
Tavi III - aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri
mravalferovneba -----------------------------------------------------------------------
62
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis
fitocenozebi da ZiriTadi formaciebi) ----------------------------------------
62
- 3 -
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi ------------------- 94
321 kintrisSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi ------------ 94
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi -------------------- 99
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis floris endemebi --------------------------------------------------------------
108
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi---------------------------------------------------------------------
106
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis
statusismqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba------------------
106
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi mcenareTa
saxeobebis daavadebebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------
111
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis
iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi) ------------------------------------------------
114
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi
regeneraciis kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze -----
123
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba ------------------------------------ 123
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba --------------------------------- 131
d a s k v n e b i da r e k o m e n d a c i e b i ------ 139
gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------------------------------ 149
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia-------------------------------
165
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis
damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi -----------------------
195
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis
reliqturoba-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
201
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre
gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da
amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia------------------------------------------------
204
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli------------------------
214
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar
tyis tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) --------------------------------
danarTi 7 Ffoto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) ----------------------------- 215
214
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Sesavali
istoriuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad uZvelesi droidan saqarTveloSi
mravlad moipoveboda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis ew daculi teritoriebi
iqneboda es samefo saufliswulo Tu saTavado sanadiro savargulebi
strategiuli mniSvnelobis geografiuli adgilebi (tyeebi bunebis
Zeglebi iSviaTobebi da saocrebani cixe-koSkebis mimdebare teritoriebi
da aS) sanakrZalo reJims daqvemdebarebuli teritoriebi eklesia-
monastrebis da sxva religiuri adgilebis (salocavebi da sxv) irgvliv
arsebuli teritoriebi egreT wodebuli xatis tyeebi da wmindad
gamocxadebuli nakveTebi soflis safari tyeebi didi daqanebis (300 da
meti) cicabo da Zlier cicabo mTis ferdobebze romlebic SeiZleba
bunebis mavne zemoqmedebis stiqiuri movlenebis (wyaldidobebi zvavebi
Rvarcofebi erozia da aS) kerebad qceuliyvnen (aWaraSi maT iasaRsrdquo
anu akrZaluls eZaxian da soflis mosaxleoba mkacrad icavs)
(batoniSvili vaxuSti 1944 saxokia 1985)
istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT jer kidev meTormete saukuneSi
Tamar mefem zogierTi teritoriis dasacavad gamosca samefo brZaneba
xuTasi wlis Semdeg ki vaxtang IV-s kanonTa krebulirdquo moixseniebs
ldquoyoruRisrdquo teritorias rogorc dacvis obieqts iq akrZaluli iyo xeebis
moWra da seirnoba teritorias ki mcvelebi icavdnen
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis
Tvisobrivad axali etapi bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF)
teqnikuri daxmarebiT damoukideblobis aRdgenis droidan ndash 1991 wlidan
daiwyo TandaTan gadaidga Sesabamisi nabijebi am droisaTvis daculi
teritoriebis sistemis ganviTareba dafuZnebul iyo aRiarebuli da
aprobirebuli saerTaSoriso kategoriebis- konservaciis msoflio
kavSiris (IUCN ndash The World Conservation Union) rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad
daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebam gansakuTrebuli
dinamizmi ukanaskneli aTwleulis periodSi SeiZina da yovelive amis
Sedegad saqarTveloSi amJamad saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia daculi
- 5 -
teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 49731576 heqtars Seadgens rac Cveni
qveynis mTliani teritoriis daaxloebiT 7-ia
aWaraSi pirveli daculi teritoriebi _ kintriSisa da ciskaras
saxelmwifo nakrZalebi _ 1959 wels Seiqmna Tumca xanmokle periodis
Semdeg _ 1961 wels daudgeneli mizezebis gamo ndash ciskaras saxelmwifo
nakrZali gauqmda
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi dRes daarsebulia 4 kategoriis
daculi teritoria kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali (saerTo farTobiT
1070300 ha) kintriSis daculi landSafti (saerTo farTobiT 319000 ha)
mtiralas erovnuli parki (1580600 ha) maWaxelas erovnuli parki (873300
ha) qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali (33125 ha) da qobuleTis aRkveTili
(43875 ha) sul 3920200 ha rac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis (ar)
mTliani farTobis (2900 kvkm) 1351-s da aWaris a r tyiT dafaruli
farTobis (2013056 ha rac Seadgens aWaris ar mTliani teritoriis 694-
s) 1351-s Seadgens
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlis da misi Semdgomi monitoringis
prioritetul mimarTulebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi kavSiri
saerTaSoriso konvenciiT ldquobiologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxebrdquo (The
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 httpwwwcbdint ) Cveni qveynis mier
aRebul valdebulebebTan saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis
strategiiTa da moqmedebaTa gegmiT gansazRvrul habitatebis da
saxeobebis in situ da ex situ konservaciis samTavrobo prioritetTan
(saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da moqmedebis
gegma saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N27 2005 wlis 19 Tebervali
httpmoegovgefileslicenziabsap_gepdf) saqarTvelos garemos dacvis
moqmedebaTa mesame erovnul programasTan (NEAP-2 wwwaarhusge) aseve
sxva saerTaSoriso garemosdacviT konvenciebTan da programebTan
romelTa wevric aris saqarTvelo
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mravalferovnebis
tipologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Seswavla da grZelvadiani
- 6 -
konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero
da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens
Temis aqtualoba
cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia
Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa
siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis
Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-
erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel
wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-
giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis
siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L
Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis
dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic
gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa
da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis
gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu
daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben
dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur
tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)
amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es
monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli
saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi
uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris
(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT
sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis
farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)
gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT
niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas
erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc
- 7 -
florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-
dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi
teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis
gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da
mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess
Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash
dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma
momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam
Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT
eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis
aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi
teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri
(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in
situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias
Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi
teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis
piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali
xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi
formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis
(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli
teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur
struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze
gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis
kanonzomierebebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri
da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod
did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da
gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria
- 8 -
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi
kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis
saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis
Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani
saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis
dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis
biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis
damuSaveba
kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda
- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis
analizi
- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri
maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis
gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis
Sefaseba
- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi
da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis
kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
kvlevis meTodebi
tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis
meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis
(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g
naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)
Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi
tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad
eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac
gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo
- 9 -
farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis
ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)
sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa
da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis
safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo
simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba
mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi
cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba
mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani
mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-
ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia
Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s
Cop (CopiosusCopostal)
Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90
Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-
dafaruloba 50-70
Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50
Sp (Sparsussporsal)
Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30
Sp2 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 20
Sp1 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10
Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-
dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde
Un Unicum- erTi individi
tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos
florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева
1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе
Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM
Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili
d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis
- 10 -
adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004
wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da
saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri
nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995
Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis
periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi
tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis
meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da
lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle
da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris
Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni
da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis
Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala
saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul
siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe
Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian
Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report
(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus
Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili
G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D
Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem
ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris
safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)
- 11 -
daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe
2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)
merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis
reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)
monacemebTan SedarebiT
sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad
gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT
aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena
sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad
daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)
cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis
aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis
administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis
gamoyenebiT
mecnieruli siaxle
kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia
imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis
fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba
- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi
damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi
- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio
maCveneblebi
- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da
saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani
taqsonebis mravalferovneba
- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi
fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da
- 12 -
mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis
jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis
mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi
- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali
taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa
sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba
- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul
mdgomareobas
- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris
da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba
- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Taviseburebebi
- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis
Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli
menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis
- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis
samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli
informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani
saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb
naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli
Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da
axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro
- 13 -
teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis
gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore
saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-
sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze
publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8
samecniero statiaD
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi
moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16
qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da
rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris
96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia
kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi
teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md
yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi
mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da
agroekosistemebi
samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis
sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi
obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli
meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri
baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors
qalbaton nino memiaZes
- 14 -
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos
kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis
xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul
saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa
daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas
erovnuli parki
mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures
dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves
(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis
centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo
Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)
- 15 -
ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis
SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar
miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi
(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT
parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis
satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis
satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)
calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria
dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad
warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi
kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275
ha-s Seadgens
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso
kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac
aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis
reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis
qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT
aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis
wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo
- 16 -
qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan
Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami
mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare
Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli
kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo
da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli
monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka
112)
ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT
Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara
satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar
farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
- 17 -
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba
CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis
farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis
ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki
rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis
daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi
garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi
romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da
qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-
nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad
daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)
aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba
saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)
gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ
konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi
aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi
teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi
gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)
maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis
xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis
ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash
rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT
kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)
- 18 -
ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi
ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro
monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze
- 19 -
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da
maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis
dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis
TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash
MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami
daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis
prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-
KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p
httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-
development-issues) (ruka 115)
ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT
miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656
httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)
- 20 -
12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi
geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani
aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli
periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad
qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT
(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad
zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa
- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)
- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)
- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)
- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)
umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da
miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari
gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi
wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da
zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris
gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani
reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma
xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan
aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba
rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al
javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4
ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)
- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan
- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde
- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde
zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures
samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi
zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro
- 21 -
zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi
zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan
aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8
kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac
misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs
gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes
SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli
magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens
MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur
gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea
romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT
gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro
orografiul raions
mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi
Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)
qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad
ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani
eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da
mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da
eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba
ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi
adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016
m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv
mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli
zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi
adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino
saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia
naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)
rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis
umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da
orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos
- 22 -
kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT
dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli
zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo
grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT
sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda
pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi
aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia
xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira
dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da
mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi
agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-
andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da
tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali
bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT
gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac
dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis
saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi
fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli
avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT
gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze
13 Hhava
bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa
damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi
teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi
cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis
uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs
waagavs
notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis
aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis
maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan
axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic
- 23 -
xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs
atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris
zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs
(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava
yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan
mkacrdeba
atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas
erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken
miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas
haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac
Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur
tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis
mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs
mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo
maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan
1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa
raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da
zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs
uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-
Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili
savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis
pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis
dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia
gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees
imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias
ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas
iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo
nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili
zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir
cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)
tipebis kanonzomier cvlas
- 24 -
zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs
temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi
zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre
sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian
mxareSic
sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad
ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli
uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian
sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs
Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba
aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari
meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan
dRemde
cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis
obieqtebze
Mmeteo-
sadguri
zd
simaR
m-Si
Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67
boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93
dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88
CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74
aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi
haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia
bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia
- 25 -
kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев
1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)
saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis
mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul
tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa
klimatis semdegi tipebi
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati
Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-
500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-
temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi
iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami
Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli
klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri
temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT
Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s
ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda
aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll
bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris
ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara
nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis
CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli
saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da
100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa
yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris
Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde
zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips
- 26 -
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati
vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi
Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da
naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura
Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-
mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali
fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000
mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-
s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia
yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi
Seadgens -16-170С-s
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba
teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s
yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi
minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi
Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati
moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde
gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli
xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves
maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva
reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis
simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli
vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi
- 27 -
pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani
tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis
daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si
14 niadgebi
aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze
intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris
mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba
XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v
dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina
kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da
warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis
Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli
klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi
dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani
monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri
Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951
SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983
falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe
manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe
manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933
Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе
Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис
Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)
saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7
milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-
fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-
riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis
- 28 -
mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-
bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens
saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma
da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-
agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma
Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da
Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-
uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris
moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris
erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-
ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis
Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi
saxesxvaobebi
wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli
zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-
Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo
mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis
martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-
savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-
li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-
tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies
tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-
aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis
mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-
Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs
kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs
advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea
- 29 -
cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
klimatis daxasiaTeba
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia
yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura
aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi
minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo
100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-
47000С-s
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali
magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili
xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi
raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri
temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi
minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde
(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis
xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
- 30 -
gagrZeleba cxrili 132
1 2 3 4
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -
80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-
3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze
Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-
1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo
temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -
16-170С-mde
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da
mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina
klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia
temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze
civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde
absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio
periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa
da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi
zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi
aRwevs 35-45 Tves
- 31 -
amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-
wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad
klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani
nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-
nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi
erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-
cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-
ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-
eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi
mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-
is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT
mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani
sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba
yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili
farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da
vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-
gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-
aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-
kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea
gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia
aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-
onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze
arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti
teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-
lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-
filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis
Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-
uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-
niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis
- 32 -
bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva
kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos
niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis
monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe
1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi
teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri
zonaloba
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli
Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi
am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de
ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi
gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad
ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil
classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da
wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an
Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am
mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi
gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba
wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi
SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri
SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi
aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani
farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic
Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda
nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-
yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian
zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi
formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar
- 33 -
emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic
formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi
saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am
niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba
yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs
Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave
reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis
sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown
forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-
Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi
aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es
niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis
araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi
aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi
(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi
sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-
mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -
s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan
gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli
profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod
erodirebulia
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli
- 34 -
FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da
torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi
vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si
15 hidrografia
Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia
mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas
axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze
mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia
qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi
Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis
samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani
zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da
Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT
gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod
rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare
kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs
xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba
dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg
kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas
saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea
romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens
mraval CanCqers
zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT
SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele
Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof
zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara
qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT
garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis
- 35 -
Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea
abSila da sxv)
aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis
naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa
CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian
uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli
warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia
60-90 lwm
garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan
2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac
dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da
gruntis wylebiT
nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian
mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas
hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia
xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac
mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo
faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT
biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT
gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis
formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT
kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da
qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti
sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri
Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе
19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a
mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi
- 36 -
cxrili 141 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori
saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli
(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da
gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric
Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric
Cambisols)
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali
niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT
(Gleic Cambisols)
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District
Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)
- 37 -
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis
CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am
droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da
naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa
meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi
zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis
samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad
gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa
gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro
farTod gavrcelda
pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia
SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev
wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo
foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis
wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT
qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda
rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier
gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava
(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis
SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri
da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi
qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi
magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani
mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga
kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila
Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi
nekerCxali da sxva
meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime
gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis
qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv
xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde
myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis
- 38 -
vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac
ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi
SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi
romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani
saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis
kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _
zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi
dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi
wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi
(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)
naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis
kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli
mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic
dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul
sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic
pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli
epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara
qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis
teritoriebze
ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo
ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT
Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda
wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500
dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis
aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis
midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)
zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis
mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi
- 39 -
zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo
SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles
nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis
Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave
ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris
mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris
bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis
uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan
morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am
periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri
sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda
farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis
fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi
soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi
meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia
myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul
holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs
mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi
Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis
daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli
formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT
saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _
murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo
sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani
tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi
gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi
subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma
Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)
periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier
gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT
- 40 -
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier
Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi
saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua
holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic
kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda
aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc
yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi
igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
- 41 -
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri
reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da
faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze
seiqmna daculi landSafti
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia
13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts
3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia
aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT
daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14
anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20
anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02
saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs
warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi
marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa
daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves
xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni
mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis
Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens
maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash
tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan
pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash
mis sazRvrebs gareT
- 42 -
kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da
xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian
zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md
kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis
farglebSi)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli
niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi
teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze
maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan
tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis
saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis
proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs
ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia
saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha
anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT
wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis
wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian
murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)
wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)
koromebi (cxrili 211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum
Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum
rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum
rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum
subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad
damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-
- 43 -
buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis
agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi
mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani
monawileobiT
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)
modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis
donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)
zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur
saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)
(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის
(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze
xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac
tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze
meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT
Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis
Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT
mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)
tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi
produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის
დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი
ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული
ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის
ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის
კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)
kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis
udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha
anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo
maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT
dafaruli farTobisa
- 44 -
cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis
ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT
gabatonebuli saxeoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
Mmtiralas erovnuli parki
sul
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
muryani
rcxila (T+a)
wabli (T+a)
muxa (T+a)
wifeli
naZvi
Sqeri da wyavi
sxva merqnianebi
sul
4560
36
5730
45
28620
223
-
71290
555
1390
11
14830
115
1980
15
128400
100
496
22
808
36
4015
181
-
15985
717
404
18
465
21
106
05
22279
100
20440
130
7898
503
5448
35
-
102880
6553
-
-
17000
1082
3324
212
156990
100
2348
1145
10103
492
3202
156
-
164253
8010
-
-
3422
167
588
03
205048
100
25000
876
13628
477
34068
1194
-
174170
6102
1390
11
31830
1115
5304
126
285390
100
2844
665
18183
425
43352
1013
324103
7575
404
18
8072
104
1648
038
427838
100
- 45 -
cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili 213 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT
daculi teritoria
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba
boniteti sixSire
I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki
17180
133
88542
564
85820
668
50237
320
25400
199
18211
116
35490
277
22293
142
43700
340
55731
355
49210
383
78966
503
daculi
teritoriebi
xnovanebiTi jgufi
axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da
uxnesi
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
75
06
17583
112
1292
104
122452
780
2118
160
9262
59
9355
730
7692
49
- 46 -
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash III 6
saSualo sixSire ndash 059
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm
saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md
kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo
tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba
mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)
xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare
kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze
(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)
axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod
xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)
varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla
TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50
wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es
pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma
xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas
soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac
xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili
amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens
dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis
teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino
werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-
zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle
droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)
- 47 -
cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi
administraciuli
erTeuli
saSualo maragi Semateba
mwife da
uxnesi
koromebis
farTobebi
(ha)
xno
vaneb
a
boni
tet
i
sixSir
e
saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
116
III-6
059
22279
1740
17747
1900
179
14
93550
48
sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da
saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)
kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas
Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi
sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa
winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac
iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo
anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq
raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze
adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze
pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da
kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT
(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis
aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze
zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan
da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda
rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas
misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 8 tona
lobio 1 tona
kartofili 6 tona
bostneuli 1 tona
xili 5 tona
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi
mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi
landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens
49
mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi
produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili
tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi
mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs
mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli
bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3
tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri
mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis
wyaroa
xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis
moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da
zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani
roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero
da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi
aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da
saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi
mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe
merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-
mde farglebSi magaliTad
2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani
2010 welSi gaica 420 kubm saSeSe merqani
2011 welSi gaica 37 kubm saSeSe merqani
2012 welSi gaica 5592 kubm saSeSe merqani
50
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar
dafiqsirebula
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi
obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia
adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod
samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul
marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia
mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani
kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012
wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro
vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia
2007 weli 0
2008 weli 458
2009 weli 1577
2010 weli 3464
2011 weli 3212
2012 weli 4800
bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli
meurneoba
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali
etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer
kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis
SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis
teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros
(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo
am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda
51
aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi
parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo
gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis
teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli
parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi
tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli
zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da
reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am
teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis
yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze
xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis
ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul
ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas
mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis
ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis
formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri
cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da
aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood
dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze
sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra
mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri
biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri
tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
52
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo
farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis
tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da
dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac
uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT
sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da
soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis
municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva
xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru
qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis
mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT
dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens
merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi
rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli
(Castanea sativa)
xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini
umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze
didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis
sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06
sixSiris koromebze
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris
ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm
tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m
simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 141 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash II-6
saSualo sixSire ndash 062
53
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 2050 kbm
saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm
mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis
garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze
anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar
SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi
saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs
specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba
eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad
dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi
sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis
damzadebis samuSaoebi
aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri
mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria
xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi
xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad
saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)
tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen
nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad
Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis
samuSaoebi
xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad
hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna
mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad
xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili
tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi
gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da
teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali
intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze
zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda
54
tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo
Wrebi warmoadgenda
zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis
manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad
SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gaumjobesdeba
unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT
ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad
damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili
teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT
buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs
intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili
aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas
Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis
mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi
monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul
gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan
iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari
gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT
Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq
saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis
tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis
teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia
daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare
teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa
umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis
tyis farTobebze
2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad
sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da
buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans
misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli
55
zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da
vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda
vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad
realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis
buferuli zonis soflebSi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam
Seadgina
2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli
2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)
2009 weli daiSva 229855 kubm (aTvisebulia 83000 kubm)
2010 weli daiSva 279899 kubm (aTvisebulia 114889 kubm)
2011 weli daiSva 151907 kubm (aTvisebulia 20538 kubm)
2012 weli daiSva 18444 kubm (aTvisebulia 75896 kubm)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 659 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1648 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 754 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 0674 kubm
2012 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 140 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
169500 kubm
2008 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
298300 kubm
2009 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
139900 kubm
56
2010 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
173000 kubm
2011 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
187900 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli
mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 4195 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 552 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1769 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 5430 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 581 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-
tyis moculoba 582 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan
uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli
Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis
soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils
tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da
mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT
nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba
adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan
gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi
memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod
weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 5712 tona
lobio 576 tona
kartofili 3408 tona
bostneuli 3049 tona
xili 1249 tona
57
yurZeni 2097 tona
citrusi 6700 tona
Tambaqo 11 tona
sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri
meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis
didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba
bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia
warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad
momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis
gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema
unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis
xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare
teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali
mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac
citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli
nawilis realizeba xdeba
mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi
memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242
tona rZe 1172800 litri
2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 4510 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 40-dan 115
tonamde Tafli
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis
ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964
ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod
Seadgens
wabli 416 tona
kakali 141 8 tona
mocvi 154 tona
58
mayvali 25 tona
soko 15 tona
dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia
TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi
yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi
Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi
yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi
TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris
dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis
dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis
samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze
miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi
xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15
mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria
sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s
saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli
wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs
mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT
irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis
sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis
infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-
RameSi
mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli
warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo
simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi
mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30
Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs
(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi
bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben
daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi
59
mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde
uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar
ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof
CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa
centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa
patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian
saavtomobilo gzas
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar
aRiniSneba
mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2
adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks
yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian
vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod
35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis
rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul
vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3
dRiT
turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis
administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi
vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti
- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili
- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani
- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani
vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia
2007 weli 69
2008 weli 628
2009 weli 2533
2010 weli 15350
2011 weli 19400
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137
60
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis
departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas
erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi
2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 108 sacxovrebel Senobaze 9 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad
qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22
ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-
qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-
rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-
rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
2008 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-
Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli
- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
61
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-
vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 117 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 5 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 37 sacxovrebeli saxli
qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli
procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15
maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)
rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis
dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar
dafiqsirebula
aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-
ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis
gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da
racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos
tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-
higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva
garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone
mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra
62
Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da
ZiriTadi formaciebi)
biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)
mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs
struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva
niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
(Whittaker 1972)
tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da
biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966
baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis
Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da
saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens
garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri
mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli
Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis
SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C
Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai
Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин
2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев
2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)
dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J
63
Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran
Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)
konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas
da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis
istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis
dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng
Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann
Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский
2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)
sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da
subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri
metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo
Jukka 2007)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT
floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT
evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis
floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis
xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri
warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli
periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es
farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda
axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da
mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis
pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da
wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur
merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs
kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels
xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis
64
damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli
Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa
warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers
aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi
nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an
krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom
igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens
zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis
Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi
kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri
wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli
balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus
ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _
lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS
zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi
mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi
romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi
elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac
maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi
xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava
mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli
niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis
Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi
balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens
xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da
mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul
olqebs uaxlovdeba
mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel
subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari
subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo
aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva
mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba
65
tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi
acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma
tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa
foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli
saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma
formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva
mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad
daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba
mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis
vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi
erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba
da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi
satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi
ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis
dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis
mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi
iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad
sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis
pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve
mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli
farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli
papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969
gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001
2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani
2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998
manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010
daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)
fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis
mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze
ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis
66
ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur
erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am
mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens
romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli
Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa
konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе
1974)
Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis
asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-
tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25
asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
Sqeriani (azonaluria)
subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas
erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis
ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi
niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben
mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri
67
sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan
erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia
Semdegi sartylebiT
kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli
foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-
wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa
da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani
tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani
tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli
foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli
(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi
bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-
dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye
ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq
SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier
anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli
kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da
notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da
mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi
merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT
lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi
Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane
saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m
simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis
(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)
muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)
romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-
wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-
wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus
baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis
romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes
Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva
foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi
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meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT
kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum
opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus
barbata Carpinus caucasica
mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane
iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis
Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic
xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis
SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro
iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian
Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus
maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis
tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza
gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv
Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri
suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)
romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki
SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria
agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze
xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT
yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis
saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus
balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов
1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da
sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani
safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi
mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur
cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant
Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula
69
forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva
balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi
buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali
mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv
kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis
Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii
Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea
spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula
europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon
orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica
zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da
tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso
uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze
xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi
gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina
Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album
Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da
sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium
majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul
ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica
aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani
safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba
ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da
balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am
safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic
rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri
faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils
iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi
Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)
70
11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirenti- fruticosa)
1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic
Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm
A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia
Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus
officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia
Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis
scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol
2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus
glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides
iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus
officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana
Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75
iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen
adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant
Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol
3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba
300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-
200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea
sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus
colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum
Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80
71
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris
incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol
wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba
rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde
erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi
wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli
da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris
wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis
tyis qvesartyeli
wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus
orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra
Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli
SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli)
qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium
arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus
lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus
lupulus Periploca graeca
balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom
tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur
sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva
cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT
xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi
mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT
xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan
iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia
strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir
Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben
balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli
saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga
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cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum
buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum
Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita
pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul
adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo
tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv
wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)
21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)
iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides
sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
73
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica
Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia
qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90
iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum
Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina
Digitalis ferruginea - Sp
2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-
Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus
officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli
dafaruloba 30-35
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys
silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp
3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli
dafaruloba 50-70
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
74
sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)
dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer
laetum+Taxus baccata
iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R
hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80
iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli
dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana
intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp
5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia
150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera
colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos
iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli
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22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta
nuda herbosa)
1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron
ponticum
iarusi C ar aris
2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 700-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus
iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum
iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp
3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus
baccata
iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum
Hedera colchica
iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -
Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula
europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp
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23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta
aestifruticosa)
1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=30 m Dt=52 sm A=140w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
rcxila Carpinus betulus
iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum
Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507
iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp
2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus
orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa
Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine
impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola
odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp
3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m
zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti
edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica
iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1
Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp
xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad
warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT
(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis
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aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi
ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri
didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium
tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi
sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)
wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea
gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur
safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi
wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo
zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis
nakrZalSi)
sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)
wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana
Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa
da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis
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lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis
SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur
suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan
safarSi ufro monawileobs
balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye
mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula
odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa
napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800
m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri
sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus
ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata
Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum
sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites
albus Calamintha grandiflora
wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi
sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye
yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia
Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis
monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus
grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv
wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)
31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip
iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
79
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus
Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia
Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp
2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana
damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40
iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon
Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2
sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
80
3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1700 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia
begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica Rusucus colchicus
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-1700 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (sur 315)
iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea
sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus
torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus
caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica
proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula
odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp
5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)
iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm
A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii
B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion
angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp
81
sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta
aestifruticosa)
1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 316)
iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea
sativa
iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata
Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1
Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp
82
sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
83
2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1000-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 317)
iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium
arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -
Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum
buplerioides ndashSp
3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba
70
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus
Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1
33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)
1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1400 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 318)
iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)
doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus
avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60
iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa
Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1
84
2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=
140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli
dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana
schischtocalyx- Cop1
sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti
edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus
85
iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia
strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta
Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2
34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)
1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)
dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica
iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli
2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1200 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus
Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1
3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=
110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-
femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis
abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1
86
4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-
mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum
iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca
montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium
psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2
5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betuluss+Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus
Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-
Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp
6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana
Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus
caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum
asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2
87
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa
gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da
TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli
Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis
merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri
sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma
unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da
ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki
gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur
319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera
damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~
uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da
warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex
colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es
cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis
namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis
uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT
mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli
88
sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~
Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia
Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv
7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-
1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus
colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex
colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera
colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides
iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis
scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp
subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde
vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod
kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili
(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili
(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli
tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia
romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da
buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF
Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli
romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri
subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis
elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT
saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi
subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad
specifikuri tipebi
subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da
warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri
meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT
89
am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri
dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da
aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum
orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii
swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos
subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT
arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT
tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod
mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi
monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer
trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula
buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi
monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes
alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv
kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi
magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro
xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve
gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris
oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum
Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da
RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum
nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv
maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii
C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari
polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene
ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P
nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima
Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha
Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva
90
subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc
tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad
gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi
arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis
samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi
gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе
Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod
mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S
colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum
Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum
Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum
Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv
subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da
maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba
rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia
Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis
Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus
caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT
erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli
dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis
friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da
dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad
cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi
formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi
adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac
ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq
gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul
dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla
aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G
psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv
91
ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad
gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii
Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum
Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian
adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana
Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum
Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs
samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze
gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina
da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio
pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv
subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)
41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca
proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella
Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1
42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)
1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa
subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
92
iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus
iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum
Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx
Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2
Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1
subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti
batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis
(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT
saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis
subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi
cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi
romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul
aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum
nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus
nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens
Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S
cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata
Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H
sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda
maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal
saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla
elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv
93
zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-
lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs
uwodeben
subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar
gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri
mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT
Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-
nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi
marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum
odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum
alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs
saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali
ferdobebi uWiravT
marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan
erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica
grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba
tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze
ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-
qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts
Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad
gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia
A albana da sxv
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras
(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari
kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica
Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale
Potentilla erecta da sxv
saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-
dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras
saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium
94
Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus
astrantiefolius da sxv
sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari
polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria
latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur
mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze
gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic
mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine
seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi
aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m
daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко
Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis
dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis
mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis
uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov
1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT
aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba
romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo
raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT
iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi
95
kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele
muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT
romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan
gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18
gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni
arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572
gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-
38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens
cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis
dacul teritoriebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)
taqsonomiuri jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta
13 18 29
Spermatophyta
103 574 865
Gymnospermae
3 2 5
Angiospermae
100 572 861
Dicotyledones
83 494 721
Monocotyledones
17 78 140
sul
116 593 894
96
rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis
erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac
daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri
struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis
konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus
Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8
cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi
urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri
mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi
liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi
Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794
3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255
97
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27
iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis
nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian
balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba
maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare
xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi
balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106
(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze
didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani
mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi
merqniani saxeobebia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi
kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli
evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri
elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo
formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi
xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad
Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki
Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-
98
rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-
lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia
warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-
s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da
evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom
nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)
99
diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad
dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306
gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3221)
cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi
erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi
SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba
romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66
Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22
Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 544 - s Seadgens
taqsonomiuri
jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta 13 16 25
Spermatophyta 93 289 496
Gymnospermae 1 1 1
Angiospermae 92 288 495
Dicotyledones 76 242 428
Monocotyledones 16 46 67
sul 107 306 522
100
M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222
cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive
florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da
Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT
gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli
parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT
mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi
zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-
alpuri sartylebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 66 126 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 35 67 Poaceae 146 794
3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 16 3 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255
101
floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic
esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-
5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa
sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT
urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri
parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-
buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 419
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 116
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 36
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 20
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod
maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935
wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi
marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini
raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier
gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian
bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris
elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419
(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)
mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo
102
formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca
gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens
xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-
67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-
65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3221)
kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk
diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris
msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis
floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara
103
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi
mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis
floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi
acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul
originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo
romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT
aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia
mocemulia danarTi 1-Si
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis
moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1
mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis
1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
floris endemebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa
da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-
bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur
floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-
genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-
reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken
endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia
da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis
104
dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis
sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad
ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris
floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad
migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs
saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis
geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis
M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa
warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s
Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)
sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba
sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili
orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 42 ojaxsa da 97 gvarSi
saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13
Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum
Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT
arian warmodgenili
mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo
formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT
Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba
aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis
endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis
amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul
teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze
endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446
kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9
saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis
endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans
diagramaze (diagrama 331)
105
kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan
kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5
aWaris-3
mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22
(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2
kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas
erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis
amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis
umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris
warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi
Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var
adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana
swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria
dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas
kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic
mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum
arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum
cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora
swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur
sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
106
diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis
mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba
bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da
arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal
bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan
erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero
ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi
dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri
Tanafardoba
ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali
frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis
mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa
da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT
heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis
niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze
107
yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca
swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad
daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli
ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew
ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da
cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes
XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier
floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da
kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo
romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da
gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili
eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis
Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad
garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli
monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze
muSaoba
elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan
dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa
da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac
umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis
rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis
winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia
Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da
habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba
uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama
mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-
108
neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis
farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa
mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli
ekoregionis mravalferovnebas
1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom
miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa
gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara
samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma
gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da
msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis
komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva
sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac
saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi
EX ndash gadaSenebuli
EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli
CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi
EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi
VU ndash mowyvladi
NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi
LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas
DD ndash arasruli monacemebi
NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli
saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi
gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli
aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi
2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso
wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im
kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba
gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT
109
wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa
ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac
saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas
saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56
saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia
aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus
sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne
albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya
carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus
pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica
Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea
orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)
veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia
mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G
woronowii)
kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa
da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom
kintiSis dacul teritoriebze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya
pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa
110
Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria
pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus
decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii
Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 69 saxeoba (248 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 8 saxeoba (80 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana
Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G
woronowii
cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa
konservaciis statusi
konservaciis statusi
kintriSi Mmtirala NP
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006
11 - (VU)
2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)
sul 13 12
kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012
151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)
8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)
6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)
6 -(DD) -
111
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis
daavadebebi
bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil
daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens
mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe
2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda
muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo
foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda
1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -
1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -
1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))
1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))
3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)
4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)
sul 185 60
IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo
1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend
decreasing)
1 - ( Near Threatened ver
31 Pop trend
decreasing)
2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver
31)
1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver
23 (needs updating))
1 - (Lower Risknear
threatened ver 23 (needs
updating))
2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver
23 (needs updating)
2 - Lower Riskleast
concern ver 23 (needs
updating)
1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend
stable
sul 205 78
112
mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)
70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs
soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi
espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli
daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul
teritoriebzec gavrcelda
dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis
fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia
rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi
teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari
mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa
da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba
kenwerodan (sur 425 426)
qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad
axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi
pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels
SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve
cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis
zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi
maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis
parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)
113
sur 421 sur 422
sur 423 sur 424
sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi
sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza
sur 423 paTogenurobis testi
sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola
sur 425 sur 426
114
sur 427 sur 428
sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi
sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili
sur 428 gamoCekili matli
aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da
tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da
dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an
inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli
mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis biologiuri meTodi
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi)
aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic
kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da
Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas
ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi
sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo
erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris
miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia
115
misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT
Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT
aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma
da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da
mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da
sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo
sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs
iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad
aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva
saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe
Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi
(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10
reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130
mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)
reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)
saxeoba (cxrili 431)
cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT
klasi
aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep
sul
(100) sul sul
FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130
amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400
reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370
116
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis
20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4
(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37
(51) saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da
cxrili 433 ndashSi
aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni
(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos
Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia
clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus
(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus
migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni
(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula
parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra
rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300
ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510
s u l 596 158 260 174 290
117
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba
Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter
brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)
Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)
Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica
(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia
derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)
Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis
apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)
Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra
lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis
Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi
118
sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT
dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN
(IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul 15 17
119
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+
4bcde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN
(Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU
(B2ab(iiiii)
sul
34 36
120
cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi
konservaciuli statusi
saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa
(2006)
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
1 2 3 4 5
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC
Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977)
EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)
121
gagrZeleba cxrili 432
1 2 3 4 5
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)
VU (D1) EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)
VU (D1) LC
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC
- 121 -
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4b
cde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)
sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
34 36
- 122 -
sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi
sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
- 123 -
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis
yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)
dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis
Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17
erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10
erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi
Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)
cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT)
cxovelis saxeoba
IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt
arCvi Rupicapra
rupicapra
LC ver 31 Pop
trend unknown
2010 weli
2012 weli
2010 weli
2012 weli
91 112 170 170 (200)
wavi Lutra
lutra
NT ver 31 Pop
trend decreasing
15 32 135 135(150)
mura daTvi
Ursus arctos
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
95 83 80 86
mgeli Canis
lupus
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
16 27
5 5
kverna Martes
foina M
martes
LC ver 31) Pop
trend stable
160 168 145 155
kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus
anomalus
LC ver 31 165 265 72 75
- 124 -
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis
kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi
ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli
qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis
koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10
wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели
В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П
Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis
intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad
nadgurdeba
wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan
rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g
gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri
daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba
marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT
koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis
aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis
(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas
aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4
aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)
wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze
mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas
da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria
agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)
monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba
- 125 -
mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT
warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II
generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva
wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve
wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli
cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis
periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952
Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel
rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad
moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni
viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze
arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis
mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis
TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi
erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali
warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri
RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT
anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba
sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli
merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-
mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis
Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si
wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis
Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad
SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis
saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane
qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi
rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT
pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver
- 126 -
viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis
susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli
rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna
dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis
Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari
saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic
ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT
es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)
ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac
naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)
naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba
wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv
jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis
TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi
gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da
mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva
warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis
stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT
wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc
samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan
sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi
gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs
Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani
wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07
sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs
(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels
xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels
- 127 -
sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
128
cxrili 511
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
D
daculi teritoria
sf
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis daxriloba
(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)
boniteti
koromis Semadgen-loba
qvetyis dafaruloba
() sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis Sefaseba
(Гулисашвили
1956)
saxeoba
1-10sm
11-30sm
31-50sm
gt 51
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
1
850 sd 15-20
Castanetum
azaleosum TesliTi
81-100 I-II
10wb+rc+nZ
20
06-07
wabli
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
saukeTeso
sul
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
129
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
2
980
Crd
20-250
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum
TesliTi
100-120
II-III
8wb1wf
1rcx+nZ
45
07-08
wabli
850
168
1400
277
2020
400
780
155
5050
100
susti
wifeli
-
-
320
299
-
-
750
701
1070
100
rcxila
-
-
120
632
-
-
70
368
190
100
naZvi
-
-
60
375
-
-
100
625
160
100
sul
850
131
1900
294
2020
312
1700
263
6470
100
130
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 3
560 Crd 15-200
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum TesliTi
120 II
9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70
05
wabli
80
79
560
555
150
149
220
217
1010
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
70
292
-
-
170
708
240
100
rcxila
-
-
160
470
70
206
110
324
340
100
sul 80
50
790
500
210
133
500
317
1580
100
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 4
800 samxdas 25-30-400
Castanetum
rubosum TesliTi
90 III
7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80
04
wabli
-
-
-
-
70
368
120
632
190
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
140
341
210
512
60
147
410
100
sul -
-
140
233
280
467
180
300
600
100
- 131 -
rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad
mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi
ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da
axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba
cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-
05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni
pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis
asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba
tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis
kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi
wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)
bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi
boniteti
mozardis
xnovaneba (weli )
mozardis simaRlis statistikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
M saS
metri
Mm
metri
nimuSebis
raodenoba
1 2 3 4 5
maRali
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(ielis qvetyiT)
1 0-10 002 3
2 11-30 003 3
3 31-50 004 3
5 50 da gt 006 6
saSualo
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(Sqeris qvetyiT)
2 0-10 002 3
3 11-30 003 3
4 31-50 004 3
7 50 da gt 006 6
- 132 -
v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash
saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf
3-4 ndash Zlier sustia
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis
sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi
iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava
mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa
dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi
romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs
daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari
aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa
wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis
transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis
wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis
Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane
qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT
wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da
Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v
mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da
sxvaTa SromebSi
aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba
damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT
dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash
zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze
eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi
gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000
- 133 -
ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba
gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi
cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da
xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze
dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis
Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )
iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul
tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis
Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da
ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili
tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari
Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)
rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul
biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi
mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze
adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)
mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-
zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani
safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad
formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis
6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da
15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi
gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)
tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)
sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT
xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti
proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis
Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze
- 134 -
meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze
naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)
dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis
SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba
11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan
SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi
ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m
simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi
mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis
Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis
sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli
bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
135
cxrili 521
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
daculi
teritoria
sf
asociacia
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis
daxriloba
(gradusi)
Kkoromis
Semadgenloba
qvetyis
dafaruloba ()
saburvelis
Sekruloba
sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba
cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis
Sefaseba
saxeoba
lt05
06-15
gt15
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
1
Fagetum
rhododendrosum
920
Crd das
250
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
2300
730
700
222
150
48
3150
100
susti rc
-
-
120
75
40
25
160
100
sul
2300
695
820
248
190
57
3310
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
2
Fagetum rubosum
860
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
8800
259
16800
494
8400
247
34000
100
kargi rcx
50
169
170
576
75
255
295
100
sul
8850
258
16970
495
8475
247
34295
100
136
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
3
Fagetum- Carpine-
to azalesum
1223
Crd
250
8wf+2rcx
30
09
07
wf
rcx
3100
233
280
718
6800
511
110
282
3400
256
-
-
13300
100
390
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 3380
247
6910
505
3400
248
13690
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
4
Fagetum festuco-
sum
1780
samx aRm
350
10wf+rcx
+nk
20
06
05
wf
rcx
5370
303
320
615
8650
488
130
250
3700
209
70
135
17720
100
520
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 5690
312
8780
481
3770
207
18240
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
5
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 875
Crd das
150
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
rcx
1500
893
50
303
180
107
70
424
-
-
45
273
1680
100
165
100
susti sul 1550
840
250
135
45
25
1845
100
137
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
6
Fagetum rubosum
900
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
rcx
8800
259
120
414
16800
494
80
276
8400
247
90
310
34000
100
290
100
kargi
sul 8920
182
16880
348
8490
176
34290
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
7
Fagetum -Carpine-
to azalesum
1100
Crd
300
7wf3rcx+wb
30
08
07
wf
rcx
2200
193
70
778
5800
509
20
222
3400
298
-
-
11400
100
90
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 2270
197
5820
507
3400
296
11490
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
8
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 380
Crd das
250
8wf2rcx+Tx
70
06
04
wf
rcx
200
741
80
727
70
259
30
273
-
-
-
-
270
100
110
100
Zlier susti
sul
280
737
100
263
-
-
380
100
138
mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da
mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva
asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac
aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi
ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis
saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis
mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)
mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi
mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba
wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac
gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba
xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo
pirobebi
aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-
radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri
SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis
mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT
139
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis
Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-
istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli
elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis
2 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad
saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur
periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba
kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi
mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi
ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely
wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi
naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli
daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani
saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis
sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur
(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis
arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli
qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-
sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac
miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve
rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom
iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian
140
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-
sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi
flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris
sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda
5 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- Sqeriani (azonaluria)
- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul
parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da
maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi
fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)
141
7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum
rhododendrosum
- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)
- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)
- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)
- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan
- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)
- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)
Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari
(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)
8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum)
- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan
- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)
142
- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum
- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)
Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba
- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)
- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)
- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)
- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)
- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)
- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone
formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas
erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha
farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane
saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri
muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges
(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT
9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia
Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da
dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan
erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris
endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan
erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto
caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT
(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli
xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari
(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva
10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis
literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi
143
warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa
da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq
warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100
ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38
Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis
555 - s Seadgens
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia
Senecio Cardamine-8
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 115 (128) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac
fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-
Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da
gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi
mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s
Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT
warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens
kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis
romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis
didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia
warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili
398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens
144
romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli
elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis
flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda
rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi
erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13
ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani
522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-
35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21
Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s
Seadgens
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6
Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani
floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-
32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea
balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)
orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi
procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia
145
warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli
floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-
winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire
aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10
saxeoba-19
12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)
frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum
(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter
brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus
cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)
Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco
tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)
Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
146
13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70) reptiliebis 10 (41)
frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34) saxeoba
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo
fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton
ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)
Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis
(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans
(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco
naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus
anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra
(LC)
14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo
(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-
dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi
Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis
lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri
ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde
15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da
mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
147
xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo
(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)
16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia
struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi
susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da
pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da
wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da
maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da
rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis
Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis
muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba
simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane
qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)
maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian
rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa
ganviTarebuli
yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da
sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar
asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis
wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi
(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia
17 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis
amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36
mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23
higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba
18 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia
148
carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29
qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6
19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-
neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis
adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes
ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi
mimdinareoba
20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo
zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge
meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva
simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli
rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi
21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-
nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis
ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze
fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-
debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis
efeqturi RonisZiebebi
22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri
mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo
potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles
yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-
saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo
koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da
saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze
dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi
149
Ggamoyenebuli literatura
1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442
gv
2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962
442 gv
3 batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1944
batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi
saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv
4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi
2002 280 gv
5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis
balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis
ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t
XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)
6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli
eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst
Sro t II gv 32-42
7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri
faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi
Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001
8 bunebis matiane
200820092010
ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo
9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a
buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv
10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis
yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi
saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani
sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi
tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81
11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi
da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi
Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009
150
12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi
da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati
biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2002 31 gv
13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis
Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes
Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18
14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis
biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da
landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv
69-82
15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis
xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi
ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV
1987
16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa
aWarardquo gv 2-3
17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da
saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba
saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis
Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23
18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo
II gamocema Tbilisi 1974
19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze
wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis
ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis
mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis
SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-
praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54
20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa
samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv
347-351
21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis
foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo
151
30 Tbilisi gv 352-355
22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze
mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa
zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli
universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis
instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194
23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis
mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo
universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli
sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239
24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba
`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv
25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi
baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv
26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi
tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19
27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos
flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003
28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
29 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba
1961 249gv
31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris
ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl
meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1994 16gv
32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis
niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis
botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi
~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176
152
33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli
subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis
gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero
SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24
34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris
subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli
formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb
baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi
(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2
baTumi gv 173-181
35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis
fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos
botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli
respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-
13
36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri
sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos
niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28
37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia
wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37
38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris
mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004
59 gv
39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da
mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da
mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38
40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora
mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo
(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28
41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi
153
subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-
aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambe t 18) gv 12-15
42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri
Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis
axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero
konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi
tomi V gv 5-8
43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis
zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis
dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi
1964 (rusul enaze)
44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis
maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da
fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~
1971 200 gv
46 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis
biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli
ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba
ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119
48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi
mecniereba 1965 552 gv
49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria
samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi
gv 267-281
50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis
bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-
40
51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli
ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi
1998
154
52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi
Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163
53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi
mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134
54 falavandiSvili
1987
falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da
maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa
aWara~ 1987 104 gv
55 falavandiSvili
1993
falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri
gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli
kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa
doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1993 27 gv
56 falavandiSvili
2004
falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi
ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv
57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv
58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria
Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ
59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168
გვ
60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis
mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997
487 gv
61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli
procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis
problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288
62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi
teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba
samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)
Tbilisi 2010 gv 42-43
63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi
universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88
64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv
65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis
flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri
sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9
155
66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv
123
67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг
лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной
биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-
Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе
таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы
научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса
Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт
2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус
68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~
1896 кн 1 стр 22
69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
70 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов
буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии
Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129
72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических
исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем
Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-
конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с
56-60 Рус
73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой
(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны
природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных
территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-
практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008
Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус
74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая
оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и
таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с
164-169 Рус рез англ
75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных
сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния
экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады
Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006
156
Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус
76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного
Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3
Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1
Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус
77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер
по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на
слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та
леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107
78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском
ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического
садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51
79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования
юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения
тр Воронежского государственного университета
Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237
80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных
лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та
Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31
81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический
журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193
82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и
экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой
природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах
Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез
англ
83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков
Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5
с 22-26
84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -
исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр
85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат
1956 354 стр
86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М
1956 354 стр
87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях
чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз
филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр
88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и
их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-
во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449
157
стр
89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление
буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)
Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72
90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии
ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр
91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси
bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр
92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв
Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472
93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на
Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900
32 стр
94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363
96 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические
указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974
Тбилиси стр 8-109
98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия
лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с
ил Рус
99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и
особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические
культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155
100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского
филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933
3 стр 66-70
101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз
ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-
196
102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная
субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913
стр31-44
103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира
ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности
1906 стр175-193
104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС
158
серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии
ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР
1935 стр 1-32
105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т
4 стр 132-145
106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр
104-112
107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия
геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР
М-Л 1936 стр 1-46
108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и
разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал
Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-
163
109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных
воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии
Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29
Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42
110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции
деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и
каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат
диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22
стр
111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -
хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262
стр
112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности
горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии
Тбилиси 1982 191 стр
113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности
Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр
114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и
использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44
115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа
М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр
116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья
Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во
159
Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр
117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень
дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус
118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов
Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV
Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-
13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ
119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии
Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347
120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв
Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр
121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского
ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические
особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры
Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского
ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136
122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр
ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38
стр
123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных
субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр
124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья
Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39
125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М
Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр
126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и
биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)
Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического
мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы
Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып
4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус
127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
128 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР
тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453
130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo
Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр
160
131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов
и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного
Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое
будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-
Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-
297 Рус рез англ
132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L
Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей
природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117
133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ
Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта
Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31
Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163
134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к
дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества
испытателей природы т110 6 2005
135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к
анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов
Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус
рез англ
136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной
флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст
137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных
условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и
безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79
138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of
the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and
Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ
139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и
геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе
Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka
a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz
Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез
англ
140 Cullotta Sebastiano
2007
Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов
леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне
на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity
assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur
J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ
161
141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey
Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali
Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in
tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-
1181 Англ
142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the
former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp
143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile
thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen
Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388
144 Grandtner Miroslaw
2006
Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев
Северной Америки North American native tree species
diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ
145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo
Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a
Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N
79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп
146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist
Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005
147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz
Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p
148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz
Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)
Tbilisi 2010 36p
149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University
press 1997 858 pp
150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E
Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the
spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N
10 с 1729-1749 Англ
151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild
grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6
No 2 pp 93-164
152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N
IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)
Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-
123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm
153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и
рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических
162
и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их
экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for
biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest
plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework
Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ
154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest
biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with
cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and
indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез
фр
155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus
Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103
156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri
Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The
Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro
2005
Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian
Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных
разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране
Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests
of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480
158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua
Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на
острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007
27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ
159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A
(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed
by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006
160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity
Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251
161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель
оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного
вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa
ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ
162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain
Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of
vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178
163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის
მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების
პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი
ბარათი 1994
2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации
163
лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений
питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами
содействия естественному возобновлению 1977
ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21
164 eleqtronuli
informaciebi
1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da
Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos
mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19
Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge
httpwwwnacresorg
2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული
პროგრამაNEAP2
httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi
nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge
3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas
erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i
d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350
4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis
sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996
wN003 http wwwparliamentge)
5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~
httpwwwgaremoitdcge
6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist
7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
httpwwwbiodivorg
8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~
WWF-international WCMC 1997
9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development
of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-
2010
httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu
sshtml CEPF final project completion report
httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl
antspdf
10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living
planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg
11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi
a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc
asus_Region)
164
12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg
13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu
spdf
14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-
ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)
15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve
16 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification
html
165
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia
ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo
forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi
1 5 6 7 8
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f
Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f
Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f
Aviride Huds P H J r
Aworonowii Christ P HJ r
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f
Athyriaceae Alst
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r
Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f
Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel
Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f
Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f
Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic
Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f
Doreades Fomin P H srsh
Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f
Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f
Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r
P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f
Equisetaceae Rich ex DC
Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms
Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f
Huperziaceae Rothm
Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f
Hymenophyllaceae Link
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f
166
Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli
Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f
Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb
Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m
Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf
Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli
Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f
Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf
Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl
Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr
Pteridaceae Reichen
Pteris cretica L P CD f
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr
Jsabina L ђ H fr
Pinaceae Lindl
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f
Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f
Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f
Taxaceae SFGray
Taxus baccata L yen C f
A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)
Aceraceae Juss
Acer campestre L yen CDFH f
Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f
Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f
Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian
Amaranthaceae Juss
Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd
Ahyrbidus L CDF rd
Aretroflexus L CDF rd
Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)
Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm
Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian
167
Apium graveolens L C srd
Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian
Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm
Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs
Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm
Carum carvi L CDFH m
Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr
Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr
Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs
Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh
Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv
Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs
Daucus carota L CDFH frd
Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian
Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m
Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss
Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic
Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)
Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms
Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs
Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh
Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh
Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh
Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f
Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh
P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh
Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs
Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f
Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz
Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f
Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh
Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd
168
Apocynaceae Juss
Vinca minor L bull C f
Aquifoliaceae Bartl
Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh
Araliaceae Juss
Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f
Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f
Aristolochiaceae Juss
Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic
Asclepiadaceae RBr
Periploca graeca L L AB f
Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian
Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs
Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)
Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f
Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf
Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh
Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs
Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs
Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m
Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r
Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian
Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian
Atinctoria L bull C r
Arctium lappa L BC ss
Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn
Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal
Aster alpinus L bull HJ m
Anovae-angliae L bull C ss
Anovi- belgii L bull C ss
Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm
Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd
Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf
Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss
Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f
C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f
169
Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd
Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd
Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv
Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf
Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm
Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic
Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic
Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd
Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs
Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh
Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic
Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m
Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m
Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m
Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian
Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m
Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al
C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal
Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic
Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs
Csetosa Hallfil C ssf
Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv
Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh
Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic
Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs
Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian
Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh
Euniflorus L bull H m
Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f
Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr
Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn
170
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al
Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn
Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian
Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic
Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m
H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm
H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm
Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm
Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs
Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm
Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f
Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm
Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f
Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm
Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf
Inula britannica L bull C ss
Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh
Ihelenium L bull F fsh
Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic
Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm
Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm
Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian
Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f
Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh
Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd
Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm
Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum
Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr
O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr
sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh
Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f
Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv
Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh
Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic
171
Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian
Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m
Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm
Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r
Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s
Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs
Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs
Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh
Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s
Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd
Svulgaris L CDEF rd
Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh
Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f
Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd
Soleraceus L CDF rdal
Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian
S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic
S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian
Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian
Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m
Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv
Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian
Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs
Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd
Xstrumarium L CDF frd
Balsaminaceae ARich
Impatiens noli-tangere L H f
Berberidaceae Torz et Grey
Berberis vulgaris L yen H f
Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr
Betulaceae SF Gray
Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f
Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f
Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f
Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic
Boraginaceae Juss
172
Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f
Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs
Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm
Cofficinale L CDH bs
Echium vulgare L CDFH rd
echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m
Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd
Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs
Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal
Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr
Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic
Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd
Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic
Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh
Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic
Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum
(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian
Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian
Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian
S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian
Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh
Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms
Bplantaginea DC H m
Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd
Brassica campestris L CDFH al
Bunias orientalis L CDF m
Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd
Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh
Cimpatiens L CDFH f
Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f
Cparviflora L CD sssrd
Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f
173
Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss
Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f
Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms
Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd
Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f
Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f
Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r
Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r
Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd
Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv
Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian
Buxaceae Dumort
Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic
Campanulaceae Juss
Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f
C alpigena CKoch bull H bs
C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian
Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs
Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f
Clatifolia L bull H m
Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Cannabinaceae Endl
Humulus lupulus L bull CD f
Caprifoliaceae Juss
Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f
Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f
Caryophyllaceae Juss
Agrostemma githago L CDF al
Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh
Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd
Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms
Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv
Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal
Coreades Schischk bull H msh
Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh
Dianthus armeria L CDFH f
174
Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs
Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs
Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs
G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs
Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian
Herniaria glabra L bull H fr
Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm
Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh
Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr
Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian
Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh
Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr
Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm
Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms
Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs
Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m
Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm
Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm
Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr
Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs
Soxysepala Boiss C al
Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh
Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms
Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs
Suncinatus Schur H bs
Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf
Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm
Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r
Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs
Stellaria holostea L bull C fr
Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd
Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf
Capparaceae Juss
Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn
Celastraceae RBr
Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f
175
Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f
Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian
Chenopodiaceae Vent
Chenopodium album L CDFH al
Chbotrys L CD snrd
Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd
Convolvulaceae Juss
Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh
Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f
Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal
Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr
Cornaceae Dumort
Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)
Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f
Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f
Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic
Corylaceae Mirb
Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f
Corientalis Mill ђyen C f
Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f
Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f
Crassulaceae DC
Sedum annuum L H r
Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r
Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs
Shispanicum L C r
Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh
S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh
Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs
Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r
Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba
Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r
Cuscutaceae Dumort
Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f
Ceuropaea L CDFH ral
Datiscaceae Lindl
176
Datisca cannabina L bull C f
Dipsacaceae Juss
Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian
Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f
Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf
Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv
Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic
S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic
Ebenaceae Guerke
Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f
Elaeagnaceae Juss
Empetraceae SGray
Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh
Ericaceae Juss
Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht
ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm
Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh
Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh
Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Acalypha australis L CDF rd
Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf
Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m
Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian
Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm
Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic
Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian
Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf
Estricta L bull CDF rd
Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms
Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr
Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)
177
Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m
Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn
Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m
Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f
Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm
Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs
Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic
Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic
Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf
Aincertus Ledeb bull H r
Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian
Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian
Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m
Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf
Lhirsutus L CDF rdr
Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f
Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm
Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian
L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn
Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss
Langustifolius L C ss
Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn
Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian
O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian
Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh
Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs
Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs
Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm
Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f
Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs
Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr
Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf
Trifolium arvense L C rd
Tcanescens Willd bull H fm
Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f
178
Tmedium L bull CDFH f
T pratense L bull CDFH mfr
Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm
Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd
Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms
Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd
Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic
Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm
Vcassubica L bull H f
Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv
Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian
Vsepium L bull CDFH shf
Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn
Fagaceae Dumort
Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f
Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f
Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian
Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic
Fumariaceae DC
Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m
Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr
Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f
Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh
Gentianaceae Juss
Gentiana aquatica L H m
Gcruciata L bull CDFH m
Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m
Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian
Gseptemfida Pall bull H m
Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m
Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian
Geraniaceae Juss
Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd
Geranium columbinum L CD rd
Gdissectum L CD sh
Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm
179
Gibericum Cav bull H shm
Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs
Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm
Grobertianum L CDFH fsh
Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh
Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)
Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr
Hypericaceae Juss
Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf
Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian
Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf
Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf
Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian
Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs
Hmontanum L bull CDFH f
Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf
xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf
Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth
Juglans regia L yen CDF f
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f
Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)
Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm
Aorientalis L bull H m
Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh
(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh
Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f
Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss
Cmenthifolia Host bull C f
Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f
Cvulgare L bull CDFH f
Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f
Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd
Gladanum L CDFH rd
Glechoma hederacea L bull C f
Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r
Lamium album L bull CDFH f
180
Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms
Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s
Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m
Mpulegium L bull CDF s
Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f
Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf
Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m
Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m
Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm
Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f
Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr
Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian
Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f
Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m
Stachys annua (L) L C rd
Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f
Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm
Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f
Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic
Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian
Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian
Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian
Lauraceae Juss
Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh
Linaceae Dum
Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m
Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m
Loranthaceae Juss
Viscum album L ђ CDF f
Lythraceae St-Hil
Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs
Malvaceae Juss
Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian
Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd
Msylvestris L bull CDF rd
Moraceae Link
181
Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic
Morus alba L yen C f
Mnigra L yen C f
Oleaceae HoffmggampLink
Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f
Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f
Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas
ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian
Onagraceae Juss
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv
Circaea alpina L bull H srf
C lutetiana L bull CDFH f
Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m
Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr
Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs
Emontanum L bull CDFH f
Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s
Orobanchaceae Vent
Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m
Oraddeana G Bec bull H f
Oramosa L C al
Oxalidaceae RBr
Oxalis acetosella L bull H f
Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd
Paeoniaceae Rudolphi
Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic
Papaveraceae Juss
Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd
Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r
Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs
Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd
Parnassiaceae SFGray
Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm
Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f
Phytolaccaceae RBr
Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh
182
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r
Planceolata L bull CDFH mss
Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd
Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs
Polygalaceae RBr
Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr
Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian
Polygonaceae Juss
Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m
Charkev)
subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m
Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss
P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss
Paviculare L CDFH rdalf
Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal
Ralpestris Jacq bull H m
Ralpinus L bull H m
Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd
Primulaceae Vent
Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd
Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian
Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs
Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian
Avillosa L bull HJ bsr
Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian
Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh
Primula algida Adams bull HJ m
Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss
Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh
Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian
Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh
Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian
Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f
Pyrolaceae Dumort
Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh
183
Pminor L bull H fsh
Protundifolia L bull H f
Ranunculaceae Juss
Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm
Aorientale Mill bull H m
Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian
Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m
Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian
Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m
Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s
Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m
Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f
Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian
Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian
Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian
Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian
Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian
Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic
Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian
Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms
Rbulbosus L bull C m
R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian
Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian
Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f
Rchius DC C D rd
Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian
Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m
Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf
Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm
Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m
Rhamnaceae Juss
184
Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr
Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic
Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r
Rosaceae Juss
Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f
Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m
Adura Bus bull H bs
Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian
Aobtegens Juz bull H m
Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m
Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs
Asericea Willd bull H shbs
Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr
Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic
Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm
Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f
Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs
Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd
Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f
Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh
Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv
Gurbanum L bull CDF m
Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh
Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f
Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f
Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm
Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic
Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm
Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic
Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm
Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf
Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m
Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf
Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic
Precta L bull CD rdm
185
Preptans L bull CDF rdm
Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian
Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f
Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f
Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian
Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh
Rcanina L ђ CDF fr
Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr
Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm
Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf
R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian
Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh
Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh
Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr
Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f
Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic
Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr
Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic
Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh
Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm
Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh
Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian
Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic
Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic
Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian
Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f
Rubiaceae Juss
Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm
A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr
Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr
Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r
G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss
G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f
Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal
Salicaceae Mirb
186
Populus tremula L yen CDFH f
Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f
Sapoda Trautv ђ H f
Scaprea L yen CDFH f
Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian
Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic
Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh
S nigra L ђ CDFH f
Santalaceae RBr
Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh
Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh
Saxifragaceae Juss
Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r
S cymbalaria L CDF srf
Sexarata Vill bull HJ r
Smoschata Wul bull HJ r
S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian
Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr
Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs
Scrophulariaceae Juss
Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian
Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh
E pectinata Ten CDFH msh
E petiolaris Wettst H rbs
Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic
Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian
Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr
Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr
Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic
Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m
Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m
Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh
P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh
Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m
P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm
187
Rhinanthus minor L J m
Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m
Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh
Silwensis C Koch H shms
Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf
Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f
Snodosa L bull C frd
Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd
Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r
S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f
Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian
Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh
Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn
Vthapsus L CDF m
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s
Varmena Boiss bull H s
Vbeccabunga L bull H s
Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic
Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd
Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh
Vhederifolia L C ssr
Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian
Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm
Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f
Vpersica Poir CDFH rd
Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd
Simaroubaceae DC
Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f
Solanaceae Juss
Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian
Datura stramonium L CDF rd
Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd
Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd
Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss
Solanum nigrum L CDF alss
188
Staphyleaceae Lindl
Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f
Thymelaeaceae Juss
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm
D glomerata Lam ђ H shm
D mezereum L ђ H f
D pontica L ђ CDF f
Tiliaceae Juss
Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil
T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f
Ulmaceae Mirb
Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD
Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f
Urticaceae Juss
Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf
Vacciniaceae SFGray
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh
Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh
Vuliginosum L ђ H m
V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m
Valerianaceae Batsch
Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf
Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic
Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian
Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs
Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian
Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd
Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss
Verbenaceae J St-Hil
Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd
Viburnaceae Rafin
Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh
V opulus L ђ CDFH f
V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh
Violaceae Batsch
Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f
189
V arvensis Murr CDFH rd
V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh
V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic
V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m
V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr
V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian
MONOCOTILEDONEAE
Alliaceae JAgardh +
Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr
Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian
Arotundum L bull CDF frbs
A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr
A ursinum L bull C f
Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian
Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian
Araceae Juss
Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum
(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh
Commelinaceae RBr
Commelina communis L C ssal
Convallariaceae Horan
Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f
Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f
P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f
Cyperaceae Juss
Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh
Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m
Cdigitata L bull C ffr
Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss
Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh
Cleporina L bull CDFH sms
Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian
C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m
Cpendula Huds bull CD f
Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh
Cpontica Albov bull H m
190
Cremota L bull CDF f
Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s
Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f
Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn
Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms
Dioscoreaceae RBr
Tamus communis L bull C f
Hyacinthaceae Batsch
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic
Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic
Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf
Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic
Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm
Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic
Iridaceae Juss
Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m
Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m
Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic
Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m
Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s
J bufonius L CDFH s
Jeffusus L bull CDFH f
Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh
L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m
Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f
Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf
pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m
Liliaceae Juss
Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic
F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian
Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic
Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic
varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic
191
Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr
Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m
Melanthiacaea Batsch
Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)
SchueblampMartens] bull H m
Orchidaceae Juss
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh
Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f
Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f
Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf
Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm
Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms
D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh
invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m
Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh
Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh
Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f
Orchis pallens L bull H m
O picta Loisel bull H m
Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m
Poaceae Barnhart
Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd
Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f
Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal
Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m
Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh
Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s
Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch
Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs
flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh
Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m
Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata
(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs
Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m
192
B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m
Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh
Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss
Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s
Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal
Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal
Cechinatus L GH fmsh
Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh
Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn
Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn
Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal
Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss
Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s
Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr
Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh
F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh
Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr
Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh
Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m
Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh
Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s
Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian
Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m
Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh
Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss
Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm
Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus
europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f
Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m
Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic
Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian
Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m
193
Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f
Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian
Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal
Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs
Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr
Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m
Poa annua L bull H ms
Palpina L bull H m
P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr
Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf
Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr
Psupina Schrad H mms
Ptrivialis L bull C ms
Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)
Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides
(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr
Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f
Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf
Potamogetonaceae Dumort
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s
Pnatans L bull H s
Ruscaceae Hutch
Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh
R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh
Smilacaceae Vent
Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh
Trilliaceae Lindl
Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh
194
danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi
xe (yen)
buCqi (ђ)
xe an buCqi (yenђ)
liana (L)
gvimra (P)
erTwliani balaxovnebi ()
orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)
habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd
D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd
F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd
H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi
wmndash Warbteniani mdelo
sc ndash scree
m ndash mdelo
fm ndash tye- mdelo
fr ndash tye-klde
r ndash klde
sr ndash sveli kldeebi
bs-qva-RorRi
hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba
endemuroba
Caucasian-kavkasiis
Kolchic-kolxeTis
Georgian-saqarTvelos
Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis
Ajaraian- aWaris
195
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
შახეობა
ჩრდილის
ამტანი
სინათლის
მოყვარული
სითბოს
მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch
ქონდარა ღვია + + +
Jsabina L
კაზაკური ღვია + + +
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი + + +
Taxus baccata L
უთხოვარი + + +
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი + + +
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე + + +
A trautveterii Medw
მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Rhus coriaria L
თუთუბო + + +
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი + + +
Berberis vulgaris L
კოწახური + + +
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +
196
Aincana (L) Moench
ნაცარა მურყანი + + +
Betula litwinowii Doluch
ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +
B medwedewii Regel
მედვედევის არყი + + +
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა + + +
Lonicera caprifolium L
ჯიქა + +
Ljaponica Thunb
იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +
L caucasica Pall
წერწა + + +
Euonymus europaea L
კიდობანა + + +
Elatifolia (L) Mill
ტაბლაყურა + + +
E leiophloea Stev
ჭანჭყატი + + + +
Swida australis (CAMey)
შინდანწლა + + +
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა + + +
Corientalis Mill
ჯაგრცხილა + + +
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა + + +
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall
დეკა + + +
Rluteum Sweet
იელი + +
+
Rponticum L + + +
197
პონტოური შქერი
Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze
სოხაძის შქერი + +
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი +
+
Robinia pseudacacia L
ცრუაკაცია + + +
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა + + +
Q pontica CKoch
პონტოური მუხა + + +
Ribes alpinum L
მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +
Hypericum androsaemum L
კრაზანა + + +
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე + + +
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk
ლაფანი + + +
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი + + +
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +
Foxycarpa Willd
კავკასიური იფანი + + +
Ligustrum vulgare L
კვიდო + + +
198
L japonicum Thunb
იაპონური კვიდო
Clematis vitalba L
კატაბარდა + + +
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი + + +
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი + + +
Cerasus avum (L) Moench
ბალამწარა + + +
Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem
წყავი + + +
Mespilus germanica L
ზღმარტლი + + +
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი + + +
Pyracantha coccinea MRoem
ჩიტავაშლა + + +
Pyrus balansae Decne
ბერყენა + + +
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი + + +
Rosa boissieri Crep
ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +
Rcanina L
ასკილი + + +
Rcorymbifera Borkh
ასკილი
Rubus caucasicus Focke
კავკასიური მაყვალი + +
R woronowii (Surde) Surde
ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +
Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss
ჭნავი + + +
Spiraea japonica Lfil
იაპონური გრაკლა + + +
199
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
Salix alba L
წნორი + + +
Scaprea L
მდგნალი + +
S caucasica Anderss
ტირიფი + + +
Sambucus nigra L
დიდიგულა + + +
Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle
ხემყრალა + + +
Staphylea pinnata L
ჟონჯოლი + +
Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb
იალღუნი
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed
ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +
Dmezereum L
მაჯაღვერი + + +
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი + + +
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა + + +
Uscarba Mill
თელამუში + + +
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი + + +
Vuliginosum L
ლურჯი მოცვი + + +
Viburnum lantana L + + +
200
უზანი
Vopulus L
ძახველი + +
+
Vitis vinifera L
ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა + +
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო + + +
Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)
ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +
Hpastuchowii Woronow
პასტუხოვის სურო + +
201
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobis reliqturoba
სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული
პერიოდის
Yყინულოვანი
პერიოდის
პოლტავის
ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი
+
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი
+
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი
+
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი
+
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე
+
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი
+
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი
+
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა
+
Elatifolia (L) Mill
თაბლაყურა
+
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა
+
Corientalis Mill
ჟაგრცხილა
+
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი
+
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა
+
Rluteum Sweet +
202
იელი
Rponticum L
პონტოური შქერი
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი
+
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი
+
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ
+
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
+
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა
+
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე
+
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი
+
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი
+
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი
+
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი
+
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი
+
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი
+
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
+
Salix alba L
ჭნორი
+
Scaprea L
მდგნალი
+
Staphylea pinnata L
ჯონჯოლი
+
Dmezereum L +
203
მაჯაღვერი
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი
+
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი
+
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა
+
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი
+
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი
+
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა
+
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო
+
- 204 -
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia
sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება
ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)
ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812
ქორდიანები
ხერხემლიანები
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
1 2 3 4
რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +
რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი
ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი
Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +
ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი
Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +
ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი
Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +
Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +
Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +
რიგი Esociformes -
- 205 -
ოჯახი Esocidae -
Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +
ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +
ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +
რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +
კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები
რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +
რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +
ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +
ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +
ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +
კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები
ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +
Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +
ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +
- 206 -
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977) თურქული ხვლიკი
+
ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +
Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი
Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +
ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი
Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +
კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები
რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +
რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი
ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +
რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +
Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +
რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი
ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი
Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +
Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +
Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +
Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +
რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი
ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +
- 207 -
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +
Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +
Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +
Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოკარკაზი
+ +
ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი
Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +
Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +
ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +
რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი
ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +
ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი
Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +
რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი
- 208 -
ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი
Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +
ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი
Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია
Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია
Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +
ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +
რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი
ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი
Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +
რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი
ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +
რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი
ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი
Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +
Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +
Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +
Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +
რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +
რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი
Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +
რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი
ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +
ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +
- 209 -
რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი
ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი
Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +
რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი
Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg
1833) სირიული კოდალა
+
Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა
რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი
ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +
ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +
ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +
ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის
შაშვი
+ +
ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +
Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +
ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +
ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი
Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +
- 210 -
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +
ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი
Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +
Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +
ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +
ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +
Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი
მემატლია
+ +
Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +
ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +
ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი
Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +
Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +
ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი
Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +
Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +
ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +
ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი
Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +
Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +
Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +
ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +
- 211 -
ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +
Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოცეცხლა
+ +
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +
Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +
კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები
რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები
ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი
Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული
ზღარბი
+
ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი
Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +
Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +
ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი
Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +
Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +
რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები
ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა
Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე
Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +
Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი
ნატერერის მღამიობი
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +
- 212 -
Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი
ნათუზიუსის ღამორი
+ +
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +
რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი
ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +
Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი
რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები
ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი
Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)
მემინდვრია
+
Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +
ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი
Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +
Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +
Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +
Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +
Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +
ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +
Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +
ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +
რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები
ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +
Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +
ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +
ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი
- 213 -
Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +
Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +
ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +
რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები
ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +
ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი
Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +
ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი
- 214 -
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis
tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 215 -
danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 2 -
S i n a a r s i
Sesavali--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Temis aqtualoba------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi------------------------------------------------------ 8
kvlevis meTodebi----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
mecnieruli siaxle----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba ----------------------- 12
naSromis aprobacia---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
publikacia----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura-------------------------------------- 13
kvlevis obieqti ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli
pirobebi------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi-------------------------------------------- 14
12 12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi------------------------------------- 20
13 hava--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis
klimatihellip-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------ 26
133 133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------- 26
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati--------------------------- 26
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati------------------------------------------- 26
14 niadgebi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri
Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi---
32
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------------------- 32
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi-------------------------------------- 33
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------- 33
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi-------------------------------- 33
15 hidrografia--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria-- 35
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba
da tradiciuli meurneoba---------------------------------------------------
41
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba) -----------------------------------------------------------
41
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba) ---------------------------------------------------------------
50
Tavi III - aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri
mravalferovneba -----------------------------------------------------------------------
62
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis
fitocenozebi da ZiriTadi formaciebi) ----------------------------------------
62
- 3 -
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi ------------------- 94
321 kintrisSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi ------------ 94
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi -------------------- 99
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis floris endemebi --------------------------------------------------------------
108
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi---------------------------------------------------------------------
106
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis
statusismqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba------------------
106
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi mcenareTa
saxeobebis daavadebebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------
111
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis
iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi) ------------------------------------------------
114
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi
regeneraciis kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze -----
123
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba ------------------------------------ 123
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba --------------------------------- 131
d a s k v n e b i da r e k o m e n d a c i e b i ------ 139
gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------------------------------ 149
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia-------------------------------
165
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis
damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi -----------------------
195
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis
reliqturoba-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
201
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre
gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da
amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia------------------------------------------------
204
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli------------------------
214
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar
tyis tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) --------------------------------
danarTi 7 Ffoto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) ----------------------------- 215
214
- 4 -
Sesavali
istoriuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad uZvelesi droidan saqarTveloSi
mravlad moipoveboda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis ew daculi teritoriebi
iqneboda es samefo saufliswulo Tu saTavado sanadiro savargulebi
strategiuli mniSvnelobis geografiuli adgilebi (tyeebi bunebis
Zeglebi iSviaTobebi da saocrebani cixe-koSkebis mimdebare teritoriebi
da aS) sanakrZalo reJims daqvemdebarebuli teritoriebi eklesia-
monastrebis da sxva religiuri adgilebis (salocavebi da sxv) irgvliv
arsebuli teritoriebi egreT wodebuli xatis tyeebi da wmindad
gamocxadebuli nakveTebi soflis safari tyeebi didi daqanebis (300 da
meti) cicabo da Zlier cicabo mTis ferdobebze romlebic SeiZleba
bunebis mavne zemoqmedebis stiqiuri movlenebis (wyaldidobebi zvavebi
Rvarcofebi erozia da aS) kerebad qceuliyvnen (aWaraSi maT iasaRsrdquo
anu akrZaluls eZaxian da soflis mosaxleoba mkacrad icavs)
(batoniSvili vaxuSti 1944 saxokia 1985)
istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT jer kidev meTormete saukuneSi
Tamar mefem zogierTi teritoriis dasacavad gamosca samefo brZaneba
xuTasi wlis Semdeg ki vaxtang IV-s kanonTa krebulirdquo moixseniebs
ldquoyoruRisrdquo teritorias rogorc dacvis obieqts iq akrZaluli iyo xeebis
moWra da seirnoba teritorias ki mcvelebi icavdnen
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis
Tvisobrivad axali etapi bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF)
teqnikuri daxmarebiT damoukideblobis aRdgenis droidan ndash 1991 wlidan
daiwyo TandaTan gadaidga Sesabamisi nabijebi am droisaTvis daculi
teritoriebis sistemis ganviTareba dafuZnebul iyo aRiarebuli da
aprobirebuli saerTaSoriso kategoriebis- konservaciis msoflio
kavSiris (IUCN ndash The World Conservation Union) rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad
daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebam gansakuTrebuli
dinamizmi ukanaskneli aTwleulis periodSi SeiZina da yovelive amis
Sedegad saqarTveloSi amJamad saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia daculi
- 5 -
teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 49731576 heqtars Seadgens rac Cveni
qveynis mTliani teritoriis daaxloebiT 7-ia
aWaraSi pirveli daculi teritoriebi _ kintriSisa da ciskaras
saxelmwifo nakrZalebi _ 1959 wels Seiqmna Tumca xanmokle periodis
Semdeg _ 1961 wels daudgeneli mizezebis gamo ndash ciskaras saxelmwifo
nakrZali gauqmda
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi dRes daarsebulia 4 kategoriis
daculi teritoria kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali (saerTo farTobiT
1070300 ha) kintriSis daculi landSafti (saerTo farTobiT 319000 ha)
mtiralas erovnuli parki (1580600 ha) maWaxelas erovnuli parki (873300
ha) qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali (33125 ha) da qobuleTis aRkveTili
(43875 ha) sul 3920200 ha rac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis (ar)
mTliani farTobis (2900 kvkm) 1351-s da aWaris a r tyiT dafaruli
farTobis (2013056 ha rac Seadgens aWaris ar mTliani teritoriis 694-
s) 1351-s Seadgens
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlis da misi Semdgomi monitoringis
prioritetul mimarTulebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi kavSiri
saerTaSoriso konvenciiT ldquobiologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxebrdquo (The
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 httpwwwcbdint ) Cveni qveynis mier
aRebul valdebulebebTan saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis
strategiiTa da moqmedebaTa gegmiT gansazRvrul habitatebis da
saxeobebis in situ da ex situ konservaciis samTavrobo prioritetTan
(saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da moqmedebis
gegma saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N27 2005 wlis 19 Tebervali
httpmoegovgefileslicenziabsap_gepdf) saqarTvelos garemos dacvis
moqmedebaTa mesame erovnul programasTan (NEAP-2 wwwaarhusge) aseve
sxva saerTaSoriso garemosdacviT konvenciebTan da programebTan
romelTa wevric aris saqarTvelo
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mravalferovnebis
tipologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Seswavla da grZelvadiani
- 6 -
konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero
da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens
Temis aqtualoba
cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia
Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa
siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis
Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-
erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel
wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-
giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis
siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L
Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis
dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic
gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa
da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis
gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu
daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben
dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur
tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)
amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es
monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli
saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi
uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris
(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT
sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis
farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)
gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT
niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas
erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc
- 7 -
florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-
dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi
teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis
gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da
mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess
Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash
dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma
momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam
Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT
eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis
aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi
teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri
(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in
situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias
Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi
teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis
piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali
xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi
formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis
(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli
teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur
struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze
gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis
kanonzomierebebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri
da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod
did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da
gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria
- 8 -
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi
kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis
saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis
Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani
saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis
dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis
biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis
damuSaveba
kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda
- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis
analizi
- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri
maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis
gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis
Sefaseba
- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi
da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis
kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
kvlevis meTodebi
tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis
meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis
(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g
naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)
Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi
tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad
eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac
gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo
- 9 -
farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis
ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)
sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa
da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis
safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo
simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba
mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi
cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba
mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani
mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-
ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia
Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s
Cop (CopiosusCopostal)
Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90
Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-
dafaruloba 50-70
Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50
Sp (Sparsussporsal)
Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30
Sp2 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 20
Sp1 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10
Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-
dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde
Un Unicum- erTi individi
tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos
florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева
1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе
Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM
Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili
d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis
- 10 -
adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004
wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da
saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri
nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995
Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis
periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi
tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis
meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da
lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle
da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris
Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni
da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis
Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala
saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul
siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe
Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian
Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report
(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus
Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili
G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D
Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem
ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris
safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)
- 11 -
daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe
2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)
merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis
reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)
monacemebTan SedarebiT
sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad
gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT
aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena
sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad
daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)
cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis
aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis
administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis
gamoyenebiT
mecnieruli siaxle
kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia
imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis
fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba
- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi
damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi
- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio
maCveneblebi
- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da
saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani
taqsonebis mravalferovneba
- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi
fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da
- 12 -
mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis
jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis
mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi
- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali
taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa
sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba
- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul
mdgomareobas
- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris
da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba
- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Taviseburebebi
- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis
Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli
menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis
- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis
samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli
informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani
saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb
naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli
Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da
axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro
- 13 -
teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis
gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore
saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-
sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze
publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8
samecniero statiaD
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi
moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16
qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da
rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris
96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia
kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi
teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md
yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi
mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da
agroekosistemebi
samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis
sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi
obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli
meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri
baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors
qalbaton nino memiaZes
- 14 -
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos
kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis
xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul
saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa
daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas
erovnuli parki
mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures
dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves
(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis
centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo
Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)
- 15 -
ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis
SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar
miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi
(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT
parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis
satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis
satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)
calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria
dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad
warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi
kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275
ha-s Seadgens
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso
kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac
aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis
reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis
qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT
aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis
wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo
- 16 -
qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan
Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami
mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare
Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli
kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo
da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli
monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka
112)
ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT
Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara
satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar
farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
- 17 -
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba
CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis
farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis
ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki
rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis
daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi
garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi
romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da
qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-
nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad
daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)
aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba
saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)
gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ
konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi
aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi
teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi
gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)
maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis
xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis
ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash
rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT
kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)
- 18 -
ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi
ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro
monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze
- 19 -
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da
maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis
dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis
TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash
MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami
daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis
prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-
KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p
httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-
development-issues) (ruka 115)
ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT
miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656
httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)
- 20 -
12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi
geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani
aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli
periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad
qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT
(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad
zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa
- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)
- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)
- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)
- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)
umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da
miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari
gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi
wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da
zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris
gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani
reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma
xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan
aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba
rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al
javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4
ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)
- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan
- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde
- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde
zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures
samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi
zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro
- 21 -
zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi
zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan
aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8
kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac
misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs
gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes
SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli
magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens
MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur
gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea
romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT
gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro
orografiul raions
mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi
Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)
qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad
ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani
eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da
mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da
eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba
ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi
adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016
m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv
mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli
zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi
adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino
saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia
naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)
rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis
umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da
orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos
- 22 -
kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT
dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli
zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo
grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT
sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda
pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi
aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia
xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira
dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da
mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi
agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-
andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da
tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali
bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT
gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac
dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis
saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi
fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli
avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT
gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze
13 Hhava
bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa
damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi
teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi
cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis
uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs
waagavs
notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis
aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis
maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan
axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic
- 23 -
xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs
atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris
zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs
(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava
yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan
mkacrdeba
atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas
erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken
miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas
haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac
Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur
tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis
mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs
mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo
maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan
1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa
raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da
zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs
uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-
Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili
savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis
pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis
dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia
gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees
imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias
ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas
iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo
nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili
zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir
cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)
tipebis kanonzomier cvlas
- 24 -
zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs
temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi
zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre
sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian
mxareSic
sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad
ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli
uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian
sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs
Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba
aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari
meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan
dRemde
cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis
obieqtebze
Mmeteo-
sadguri
zd
simaR
m-Si
Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67
boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93
dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88
CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74
aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi
haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia
bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia
- 25 -
kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев
1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)
saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis
mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul
tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa
klimatis semdegi tipebi
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati
Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-
500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-
temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi
iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami
Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli
klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri
temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT
Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s
ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda
aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll
bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris
ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara
nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis
CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli
saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da
100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa
yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris
Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde
zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips
- 26 -
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati
vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi
Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da
naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura
Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-
mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali
fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000
mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-
s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia
yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi
Seadgens -16-170С-s
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba
teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s
yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi
minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi
Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati
moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde
gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli
xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves
maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva
reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis
simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli
vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi
- 27 -
pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani
tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis
daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si
14 niadgebi
aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze
intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris
mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba
XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v
dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina
kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da
warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis
Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli
klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi
dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani
monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri
Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951
SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983
falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe
manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe
manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933
Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе
Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис
Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)
saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7
milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-
fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-
riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis
- 28 -
mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-
bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens
saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma
da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-
agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma
Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da
Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-
uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris
moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris
erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-
ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis
Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi
saxesxvaobebi
wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli
zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-
Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo
mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis
martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-
savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-
li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-
tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies
tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-
aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis
mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-
Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs
kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs
advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea
- 29 -
cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
klimatis daxasiaTeba
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia
yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura
aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi
minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo
100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-
47000С-s
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali
magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili
xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi
raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri
temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi
minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde
(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis
xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
- 30 -
gagrZeleba cxrili 132
1 2 3 4
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -
80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-
3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze
Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-
1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo
temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -
16-170С-mde
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da
mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina
klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia
temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze
civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde
absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio
periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa
da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi
zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi
aRwevs 35-45 Tves
- 31 -
amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-
wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad
klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani
nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-
nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi
erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-
cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-
ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-
eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi
mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-
is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT
mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani
sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba
yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili
farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da
vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-
gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-
aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-
kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea
gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia
aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-
onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze
arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti
teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-
lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-
filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis
Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-
uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-
niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis
- 32 -
bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva
kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos
niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis
monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe
1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi
teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri
zonaloba
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli
Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi
am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de
ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi
gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad
ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil
classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da
wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an
Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am
mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi
gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba
wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi
SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri
SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi
aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani
farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic
Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda
nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-
yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian
zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi
formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar
- 33 -
emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic
formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi
saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am
niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba
yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs
Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave
reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis
sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown
forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-
Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi
aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es
niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis
araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi
aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi
(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi
sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-
mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -
s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan
gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli
profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod
erodirebulia
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli
- 34 -
FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da
torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi
vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si
15 hidrografia
Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia
mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas
axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze
mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia
qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi
Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis
samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani
zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da
Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT
gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod
rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare
kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs
xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba
dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg
kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas
saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea
romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens
mraval CanCqers
zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT
SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele
Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof
zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara
qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT
garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis
- 35 -
Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea
abSila da sxv)
aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis
naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa
CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian
uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli
warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia
60-90 lwm
garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan
2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac
dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da
gruntis wylebiT
nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian
mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas
hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia
xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac
mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo
faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT
biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT
gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis
formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT
kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da
qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti
sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri
Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе
19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a
mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi
- 36 -
cxrili 141 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori
saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli
(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da
gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric
Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric
Cambisols)
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali
niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT
(Gleic Cambisols)
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District
Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)
- 37 -
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis
CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am
droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da
naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa
meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi
zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis
samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad
gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa
gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro
farTod gavrcelda
pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia
SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev
wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo
foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis
wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT
qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda
rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier
gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava
(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis
SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri
da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi
qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi
magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani
mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga
kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila
Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi
nekerCxali da sxva
meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime
gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis
qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv
xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde
myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis
- 38 -
vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac
ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi
SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi
romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani
saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis
kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _
zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi
dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi
wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi
(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)
naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis
kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli
mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic
dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul
sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic
pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli
epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara
qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis
teritoriebze
ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo
ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT
Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda
wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500
dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis
aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis
midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)
zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis
mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi
- 39 -
zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo
SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles
nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis
Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave
ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris
mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris
bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis
uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan
morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am
periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri
sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda
farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis
fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi
soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi
meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia
myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul
holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs
mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi
Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis
daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli
formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT
saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _
murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo
sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani
tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi
gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi
subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma
Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)
periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier
gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT
- 40 -
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier
Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi
saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua
holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic
kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda
aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc
yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi
igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
- 41 -
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri
reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da
faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze
seiqmna daculi landSafti
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia
13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts
3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia
aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT
daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14
anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20
anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02
saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs
warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi
marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa
daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves
xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni
mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis
Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens
maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash
tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan
pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash
mis sazRvrebs gareT
- 42 -
kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da
xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian
zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md
kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis
farglebSi)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli
niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi
teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze
maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan
tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis
saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis
proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs
ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia
saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha
anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT
wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis
wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian
murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)
wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)
koromebi (cxrili 211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum
Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum
rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum
rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum
subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad
damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-
- 43 -
buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis
agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi
mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani
monawileobiT
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)
modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis
donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)
zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur
saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)
(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის
(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze
xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac
tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze
meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT
Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis
Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT
mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)
tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi
produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის
დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი
ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული
ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის
ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის
კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)
kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis
udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha
anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo
maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT
dafaruli farTobisa
- 44 -
cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis
ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT
gabatonebuli saxeoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
Mmtiralas erovnuli parki
sul
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
muryani
rcxila (T+a)
wabli (T+a)
muxa (T+a)
wifeli
naZvi
Sqeri da wyavi
sxva merqnianebi
sul
4560
36
5730
45
28620
223
-
71290
555
1390
11
14830
115
1980
15
128400
100
496
22
808
36
4015
181
-
15985
717
404
18
465
21
106
05
22279
100
20440
130
7898
503
5448
35
-
102880
6553
-
-
17000
1082
3324
212
156990
100
2348
1145
10103
492
3202
156
-
164253
8010
-
-
3422
167
588
03
205048
100
25000
876
13628
477
34068
1194
-
174170
6102
1390
11
31830
1115
5304
126
285390
100
2844
665
18183
425
43352
1013
324103
7575
404
18
8072
104
1648
038
427838
100
- 45 -
cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili 213 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT
daculi teritoria
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba
boniteti sixSire
I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki
17180
133
88542
564
85820
668
50237
320
25400
199
18211
116
35490
277
22293
142
43700
340
55731
355
49210
383
78966
503
daculi
teritoriebi
xnovanebiTi jgufi
axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da
uxnesi
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
75
06
17583
112
1292
104
122452
780
2118
160
9262
59
9355
730
7692
49
- 46 -
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash III 6
saSualo sixSire ndash 059
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm
saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md
kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo
tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba
mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)
xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare
kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze
(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)
axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod
xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)
varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla
TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50
wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es
pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma
xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas
soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac
xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili
amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens
dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis
teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino
werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-
zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle
droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)
- 47 -
cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi
administraciuli
erTeuli
saSualo maragi Semateba
mwife da
uxnesi
koromebis
farTobebi
(ha)
xno
vaneb
a
boni
tet
i
sixSir
e
saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
116
III-6
059
22279
1740
17747
1900
179
14
93550
48
sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da
saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)
kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas
Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi
sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa
winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac
iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo
anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq
raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze
adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze
pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da
kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT
(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis
aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze
zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan
da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda
rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas
misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 8 tona
lobio 1 tona
kartofili 6 tona
bostneuli 1 tona
xili 5 tona
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi
mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi
landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens
49
mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi
produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili
tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi
mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs
mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli
bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3
tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri
mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis
wyaroa
xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis
moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da
zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani
roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero
da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi
aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da
saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi
mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe
merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-
mde farglebSi magaliTad
2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani
2010 welSi gaica 420 kubm saSeSe merqani
2011 welSi gaica 37 kubm saSeSe merqani
2012 welSi gaica 5592 kubm saSeSe merqani
50
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar
dafiqsirebula
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi
obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia
adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod
samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul
marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia
mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani
kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012
wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro
vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia
2007 weli 0
2008 weli 458
2009 weli 1577
2010 weli 3464
2011 weli 3212
2012 weli 4800
bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli
meurneoba
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali
etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer
kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis
SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis
teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros
(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo
am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda
51
aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi
parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo
gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis
teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli
parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi
tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli
zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da
reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am
teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis
yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze
xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis
ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul
ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas
mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis
ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis
formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri
cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da
aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood
dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze
sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra
mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri
biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri
tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
52
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo
farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis
tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da
dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac
uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT
sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da
soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis
municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva
xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru
qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis
mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT
dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens
merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi
rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli
(Castanea sativa)
xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini
umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze
didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis
sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06
sixSiris koromebze
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris
ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm
tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m
simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 141 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash II-6
saSualo sixSire ndash 062
53
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 2050 kbm
saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm
mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis
garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze
anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar
SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi
saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs
specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba
eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad
dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi
sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis
damzadebis samuSaoebi
aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri
mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria
xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi
xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad
saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)
tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen
nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad
Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis
samuSaoebi
xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad
hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna
mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad
xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili
tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi
gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da
teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali
intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze
zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda
54
tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo
Wrebi warmoadgenda
zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis
manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad
SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gaumjobesdeba
unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT
ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad
damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili
teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT
buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs
intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili
aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas
Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis
mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi
monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul
gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan
iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari
gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT
Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq
saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis
tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis
teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia
daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare
teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa
umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis
tyis farTobebze
2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad
sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da
buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans
misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli
55
zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da
vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda
vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad
realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis
buferuli zonis soflebSi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam
Seadgina
2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli
2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)
2009 weli daiSva 229855 kubm (aTvisebulia 83000 kubm)
2010 weli daiSva 279899 kubm (aTvisebulia 114889 kubm)
2011 weli daiSva 151907 kubm (aTvisebulia 20538 kubm)
2012 weli daiSva 18444 kubm (aTvisebulia 75896 kubm)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 659 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1648 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 754 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 0674 kubm
2012 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 140 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
169500 kubm
2008 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
298300 kubm
2009 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
139900 kubm
56
2010 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
173000 kubm
2011 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
187900 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli
mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 4195 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 552 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1769 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 5430 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 581 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-
tyis moculoba 582 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan
uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli
Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis
soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils
tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da
mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT
nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba
adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan
gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi
memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod
weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 5712 tona
lobio 576 tona
kartofili 3408 tona
bostneuli 3049 tona
xili 1249 tona
57
yurZeni 2097 tona
citrusi 6700 tona
Tambaqo 11 tona
sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri
meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis
didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba
bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia
warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad
momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis
gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema
unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis
xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare
teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali
mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac
citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli
nawilis realizeba xdeba
mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi
memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242
tona rZe 1172800 litri
2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 4510 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 40-dan 115
tonamde Tafli
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis
ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964
ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod
Seadgens
wabli 416 tona
kakali 141 8 tona
mocvi 154 tona
58
mayvali 25 tona
soko 15 tona
dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia
TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi
yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi
Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi
yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi
TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris
dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis
dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis
samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze
miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi
xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15
mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria
sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s
saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli
wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs
mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT
irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis
sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis
infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-
RameSi
mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli
warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo
simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi
mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30
Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs
(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi
bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben
daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi
59
mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde
uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar
ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof
CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa
centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa
patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian
saavtomobilo gzas
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar
aRiniSneba
mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2
adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks
yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian
vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod
35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis
rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul
vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3
dRiT
turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis
administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi
vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti
- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili
- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani
- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani
vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia
2007 weli 69
2008 weli 628
2009 weli 2533
2010 weli 15350
2011 weli 19400
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137
60
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis
departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas
erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi
2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 108 sacxovrebel Senobaze 9 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad
qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22
ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-
qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-
rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-
rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
2008 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-
Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli
- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
61
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-
vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 117 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 5 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 37 sacxovrebeli saxli
qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli
procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15
maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)
rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis
dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar
dafiqsirebula
aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-
ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis
gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da
racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos
tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-
higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva
garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone
mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra
62
Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da
ZiriTadi formaciebi)
biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)
mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs
struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva
niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
(Whittaker 1972)
tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da
biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966
baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis
Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da
saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens
garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri
mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli
Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis
SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C
Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai
Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин
2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев
2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)
dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J
63
Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran
Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)
konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas
da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis
istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis
dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng
Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann
Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский
2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)
sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da
subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri
metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo
Jukka 2007)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT
floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT
evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis
floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis
xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri
warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli
periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es
farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda
axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da
mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis
pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da
wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur
merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs
kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels
xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis
64
damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli
Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa
warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers
aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi
nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an
krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom
igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens
zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis
Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi
kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri
wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli
balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus
ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _
lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS
zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi
mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi
romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi
elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac
maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi
xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava
mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli
niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis
Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi
balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens
xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da
mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul
olqebs uaxlovdeba
mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel
subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari
subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo
aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva
mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba
65
tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi
acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma
tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa
foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli
saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma
formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva
mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad
daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba
mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis
vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi
erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba
da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi
satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi
ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis
dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis
mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi
iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad
sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis
pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve
mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli
farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli
papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969
gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001
2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani
2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998
manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010
daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)
fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis
mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze
ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis
66
ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur
erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am
mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens
romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli
Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa
konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе
1974)
Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis
asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-
tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25
asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
Sqeriani (azonaluria)
subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas
erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis
ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi
niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben
mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri
67
sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan
erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia
Semdegi sartylebiT
kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli
foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-
wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa
da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani
tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani
tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli
foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli
(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi
bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-
dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye
ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq
SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier
anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli
kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da
notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da
mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi
merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT
lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi
Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane
saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m
simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis
(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)
muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)
romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-
wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-
wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus
baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis
romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes
Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva
foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi
68
meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT
kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum
opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus
barbata Carpinus caucasica
mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane
iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis
Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic
xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis
SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro
iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian
Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus
maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis
tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza
gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv
Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri
suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)
romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki
SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria
agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze
xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT
yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis
saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus
balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов
1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da
sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani
safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi
mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur
cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant
Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula
69
forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva
balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi
buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali
mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv
kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis
Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii
Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea
spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula
europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon
orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica
zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da
tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso
uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze
xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi
gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina
Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album
Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da
sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium
majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul
ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica
aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani
safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba
ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da
balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am
safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic
rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri
faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils
iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi
Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)
70
11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirenti- fruticosa)
1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic
Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm
A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia
Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus
officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia
Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis
scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol
2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus
glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides
iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus
officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana
Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75
iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen
adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant
Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol
3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba
300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-
200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea
sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus
colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum
Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80
71
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris
incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol
wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba
rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde
erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi
wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli
da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris
wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis
tyis qvesartyeli
wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus
orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra
Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli
SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli)
qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium
arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus
lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus
lupulus Periploca graeca
balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom
tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur
sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva
cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT
xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi
mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT
xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan
iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia
strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir
Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben
balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli
saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga
72
cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum
buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum
Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita
pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul
adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo
tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv
wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)
21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)
iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides
sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
73
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica
Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia
qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90
iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum
Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina
Digitalis ferruginea - Sp
2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-
Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus
officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli
dafaruloba 30-35
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys
silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp
3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli
dafaruloba 50-70
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
74
sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)
dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer
laetum+Taxus baccata
iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R
hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80
iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli
dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana
intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp
5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia
150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera
colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos
iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli
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22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta
nuda herbosa)
1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron
ponticum
iarusi C ar aris
2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 700-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus
iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum
iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp
3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus
baccata
iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum
Hedera colchica
iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -
Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula
europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp
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23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta
aestifruticosa)
1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=30 m Dt=52 sm A=140w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
rcxila Carpinus betulus
iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum
Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507
iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp
2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus
orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa
Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine
impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola
odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp
3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m
zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti
edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica
iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1
Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp
xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad
warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT
(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis
77
aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi
ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri
didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium
tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi
sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)
wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea
gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur
safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi
wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo
zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis
nakrZalSi)
sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)
wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana
Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa
da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis
78
lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis
SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur
suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan
safarSi ufro monawileobs
balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye
mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula
odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa
napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800
m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri
sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus
ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata
Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum
sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites
albus Calamintha grandiflora
wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi
sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye
yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia
Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis
monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus
grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv
wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)
31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip
iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
79
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus
Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia
Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp
2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana
damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40
iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon
Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2
sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
80
3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1700 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia
begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica Rusucus colchicus
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-1700 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (sur 315)
iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea
sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus
torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus
caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica
proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula
odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp
5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)
iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm
A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii
B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion
angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp
81
sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta
aestifruticosa)
1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 316)
iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea
sativa
iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata
Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1
Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp
82
sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
83
2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1000-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 317)
iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium
arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -
Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum
buplerioides ndashSp
3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba
70
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus
Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1
33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)
1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1400 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 318)
iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)
doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus
avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60
iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa
Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1
84
2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=
140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli
dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana
schischtocalyx- Cop1
sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti
edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus
85
iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia
strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta
Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2
34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)
1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)
dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica
iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli
2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1200 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus
Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1
3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=
110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-
femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis
abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1
86
4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-
mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum
iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca
montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium
psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2
5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betuluss+Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus
Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-
Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp
6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana
Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus
caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum
asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2
87
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa
gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da
TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli
Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis
merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri
sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma
unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da
ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki
gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur
319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera
damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~
uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da
warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex
colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es
cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis
namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis
uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT
mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli
88
sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~
Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia
Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv
7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-
1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus
colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex
colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera
colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides
iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis
scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp
subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde
vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod
kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili
(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili
(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli
tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia
romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da
buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF
Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli
romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri
subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis
elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT
saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi
subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad
specifikuri tipebi
subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da
warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri
meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT
89
am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri
dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da
aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum
orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii
swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos
subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT
arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT
tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod
mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi
monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer
trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula
buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi
monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes
alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv
kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi
magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro
xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve
gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris
oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum
Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da
RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum
nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv
maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii
C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari
polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene
ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P
nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima
Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha
Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva
90
subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc
tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad
gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi
arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis
samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi
gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе
Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod
mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S
colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum
Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum
Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum
Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv
subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da
maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba
rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia
Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis
Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus
caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT
erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli
dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis
friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da
dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad
cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi
formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi
adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac
ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq
gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul
dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla
aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G
psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv
91
ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad
gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii
Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum
Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian
adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana
Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum
Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs
samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze
gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina
da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio
pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv
subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)
41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca
proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella
Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1
42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)
1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa
subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
92
iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus
iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum
Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx
Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2
Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1
subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti
batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis
(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT
saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis
subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi
cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi
romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul
aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum
nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus
nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens
Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S
cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata
Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H
sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda
maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal
saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla
elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv
93
zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-
lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs
uwodeben
subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar
gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri
mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT
Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-
nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi
marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum
odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum
alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs
saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali
ferdobebi uWiravT
marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan
erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica
grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba
tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze
ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-
qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts
Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad
gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia
A albana da sxv
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras
(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari
kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica
Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale
Potentilla erecta da sxv
saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-
dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras
saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium
94
Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus
astrantiefolius da sxv
sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari
polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria
latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur
mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze
gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic
mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine
seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi
aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m
daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко
Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis
dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis
mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis
uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov
1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT
aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba
romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo
raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT
iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi
95
kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele
muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT
romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan
gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18
gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni
arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572
gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-
38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens
cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis
dacul teritoriebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)
taqsonomiuri jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta
13 18 29
Spermatophyta
103 574 865
Gymnospermae
3 2 5
Angiospermae
100 572 861
Dicotyledones
83 494 721
Monocotyledones
17 78 140
sul
116 593 894
96
rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis
erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac
daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri
struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis
konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus
Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8
cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi
urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri
mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi
liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi
Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794
3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255
97
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27
iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis
nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian
balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba
maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare
xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi
balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106
(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze
didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani
mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi
merqniani saxeobebia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi
kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli
evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri
elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo
formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi
xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad
Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki
Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-
98
rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-
lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia
warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-
s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da
evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom
nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)
99
diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad
dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306
gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3221)
cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi
erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi
SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba
romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66
Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22
Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 544 - s Seadgens
taqsonomiuri
jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta 13 16 25
Spermatophyta 93 289 496
Gymnospermae 1 1 1
Angiospermae 92 288 495
Dicotyledones 76 242 428
Monocotyledones 16 46 67
sul 107 306 522
100
M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222
cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive
florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da
Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT
gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli
parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT
mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi
zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-
alpuri sartylebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 66 126 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 35 67 Poaceae 146 794
3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 16 3 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255
101
floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic
esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-
5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa
sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT
urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri
parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-
buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 419
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 116
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 36
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 20
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod
maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935
wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi
marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini
raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier
gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian
bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris
elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419
(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)
mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo
102
formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca
gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens
xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-
67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-
65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3221)
kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk
diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris
msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis
floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara
103
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi
mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis
floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi
acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul
originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo
romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT
aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia
mocemulia danarTi 1-Si
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis
moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1
mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis
1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
floris endemebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa
da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-
bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur
floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-
genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-
reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken
endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia
da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis
104
dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis
sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad
ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris
floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad
migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs
saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis
geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis
M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa
warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s
Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)
sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba
sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili
orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 42 ojaxsa da 97 gvarSi
saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13
Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum
Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT
arian warmodgenili
mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo
formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT
Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba
aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis
endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis
amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul
teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze
endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446
kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9
saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis
endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans
diagramaze (diagrama 331)
105
kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan
kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5
aWaris-3
mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22
(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2
kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas
erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis
amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis
umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris
warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi
Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var
adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana
swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria
dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas
kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic
mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum
arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum
cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora
swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur
sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
106
diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis
mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba
bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da
arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal
bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan
erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero
ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi
dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri
Tanafardoba
ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali
frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis
mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa
da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT
heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis
niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze
107
yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca
swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad
daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli
ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew
ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da
cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes
XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier
floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da
kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo
romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da
gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili
eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis
Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad
garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli
monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze
muSaoba
elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan
dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa
da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac
umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis
rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis
winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia
Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da
habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba
uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama
mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-
108
neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis
farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa
mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli
ekoregionis mravalferovnebas
1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom
miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa
gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara
samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma
gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da
msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis
komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva
sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac
saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi
EX ndash gadaSenebuli
EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli
CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi
EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi
VU ndash mowyvladi
NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi
LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas
DD ndash arasruli monacemebi
NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli
saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi
gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli
aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi
2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso
wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im
kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba
gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT
109
wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa
ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac
saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas
saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56
saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia
aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus
sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne
albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya
carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus
pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica
Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea
orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)
veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia
mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G
woronowii)
kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa
da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom
kintiSis dacul teritoriebze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya
pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa
110
Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria
pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus
decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii
Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 69 saxeoba (248 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 8 saxeoba (80 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana
Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G
woronowii
cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa
konservaciis statusi
konservaciis statusi
kintriSi Mmtirala NP
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006
11 - (VU)
2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)
sul 13 12
kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012
151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)
8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)
6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)
6 -(DD) -
111
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis
daavadebebi
bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil
daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens
mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe
2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda
muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo
foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda
1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -
1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -
1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))
1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))
3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)
4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)
sul 185 60
IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo
1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend
decreasing)
1 - ( Near Threatened ver
31 Pop trend
decreasing)
2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver
31)
1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver
23 (needs updating))
1 - (Lower Risknear
threatened ver 23 (needs
updating))
2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver
23 (needs updating)
2 - Lower Riskleast
concern ver 23 (needs
updating)
1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend
stable
sul 205 78
112
mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)
70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs
soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi
espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli
daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul
teritoriebzec gavrcelda
dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis
fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia
rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi
teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari
mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa
da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba
kenwerodan (sur 425 426)
qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad
axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi
pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels
SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve
cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis
zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi
maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis
parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)
113
sur 421 sur 422
sur 423 sur 424
sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi
sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza
sur 423 paTogenurobis testi
sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola
sur 425 sur 426
114
sur 427 sur 428
sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi
sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili
sur 428 gamoCekili matli
aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da
tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da
dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an
inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli
mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis biologiuri meTodi
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi)
aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic
kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da
Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas
ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi
sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo
erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris
miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia
115
misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT
Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT
aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma
da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da
mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da
sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo
sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs
iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad
aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva
saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe
Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi
(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10
reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130
mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)
reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)
saxeoba (cxrili 431)
cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT
klasi
aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep
sul
(100) sul sul
FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130
amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400
reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370
116
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis
20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4
(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37
(51) saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da
cxrili 433 ndashSi
aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni
(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos
Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia
clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus
(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus
migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni
(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula
parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra
rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300
ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510
s u l 596 158 260 174 290
117
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba
Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter
brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)
Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)
Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica
(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia
derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)
Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis
apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)
Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra
lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis
Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi
118
sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT
dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN
(IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul 15 17
119
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+
4bcde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN
(Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU
(B2ab(iiiii)
sul
34 36
120
cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi
konservaciuli statusi
saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa
(2006)
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
1 2 3 4 5
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC
Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977)
EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)
121
gagrZeleba cxrili 432
1 2 3 4 5
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)
VU (D1) EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)
VU (D1) LC
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC
- 121 -
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4b
cde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)
sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
34 36
- 122 -
sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi
sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
- 123 -
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis
yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)
dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis
Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17
erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10
erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi
Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)
cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT)
cxovelis saxeoba
IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt
arCvi Rupicapra
rupicapra
LC ver 31 Pop
trend unknown
2010 weli
2012 weli
2010 weli
2012 weli
91 112 170 170 (200)
wavi Lutra
lutra
NT ver 31 Pop
trend decreasing
15 32 135 135(150)
mura daTvi
Ursus arctos
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
95 83 80 86
mgeli Canis
lupus
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
16 27
5 5
kverna Martes
foina M
martes
LC ver 31) Pop
trend stable
160 168 145 155
kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus
anomalus
LC ver 31 165 265 72 75
- 124 -
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis
kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi
ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli
qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis
koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10
wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели
В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П
Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis
intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad
nadgurdeba
wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan
rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g
gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri
daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba
marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT
koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis
aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis
(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas
aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4
aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)
wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze
mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas
da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria
agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)
monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba
- 125 -
mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT
warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II
generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva
wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve
wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli
cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis
periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952
Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel
rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad
moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni
viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze
arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis
mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis
TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi
erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali
warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri
RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT
anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba
sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli
merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-
mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis
Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si
wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis
Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad
SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis
saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane
qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi
rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT
pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver
- 126 -
viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis
susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli
rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna
dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis
Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari
saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic
ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT
es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)
ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac
naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)
naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba
wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv
jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis
TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi
gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da
mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva
warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis
stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT
wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc
samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan
sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi
gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs
Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani
wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07
sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs
(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels
xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels
- 127 -
sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
128
cxrili 511
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
D
daculi teritoria
sf
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis daxriloba
(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)
boniteti
koromis Semadgen-loba
qvetyis dafaruloba
() sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis Sefaseba
(Гулисашвили
1956)
saxeoba
1-10sm
11-30sm
31-50sm
gt 51
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
1
850 sd 15-20
Castanetum
azaleosum TesliTi
81-100 I-II
10wb+rc+nZ
20
06-07
wabli
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
saukeTeso
sul
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
129
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
2
980
Crd
20-250
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum
TesliTi
100-120
II-III
8wb1wf
1rcx+nZ
45
07-08
wabli
850
168
1400
277
2020
400
780
155
5050
100
susti
wifeli
-
-
320
299
-
-
750
701
1070
100
rcxila
-
-
120
632
-
-
70
368
190
100
naZvi
-
-
60
375
-
-
100
625
160
100
sul
850
131
1900
294
2020
312
1700
263
6470
100
130
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 3
560 Crd 15-200
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum TesliTi
120 II
9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70
05
wabli
80
79
560
555
150
149
220
217
1010
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
70
292
-
-
170
708
240
100
rcxila
-
-
160
470
70
206
110
324
340
100
sul 80
50
790
500
210
133
500
317
1580
100
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 4
800 samxdas 25-30-400
Castanetum
rubosum TesliTi
90 III
7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80
04
wabli
-
-
-
-
70
368
120
632
190
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
140
341
210
512
60
147
410
100
sul -
-
140
233
280
467
180
300
600
100
- 131 -
rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad
mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi
ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da
axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba
cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-
05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni
pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis
asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba
tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis
kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi
wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)
bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi
boniteti
mozardis
xnovaneba (weli )
mozardis simaRlis statistikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
M saS
metri
Mm
metri
nimuSebis
raodenoba
1 2 3 4 5
maRali
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(ielis qvetyiT)
1 0-10 002 3
2 11-30 003 3
3 31-50 004 3
5 50 da gt 006 6
saSualo
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(Sqeris qvetyiT)
2 0-10 002 3
3 11-30 003 3
4 31-50 004 3
7 50 da gt 006 6
- 132 -
v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash
saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf
3-4 ndash Zlier sustia
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis
sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi
iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava
mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa
dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi
romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs
daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari
aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa
wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis
transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis
wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis
Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane
qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT
wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da
Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v
mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da
sxvaTa SromebSi
aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba
damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT
dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash
zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze
eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi
gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000
- 133 -
ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba
gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi
cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da
xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze
dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis
Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )
iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul
tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis
Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da
ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili
tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari
Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)
rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul
biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi
mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze
adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)
mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-
zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani
safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad
formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis
6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da
15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi
gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)
tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)
sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT
xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti
proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis
Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze
- 134 -
meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze
naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)
dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis
SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba
11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan
SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi
ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m
simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi
mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis
Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis
sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli
bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
135
cxrili 521
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
daculi
teritoria
sf
asociacia
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis
daxriloba
(gradusi)
Kkoromis
Semadgenloba
qvetyis
dafaruloba ()
saburvelis
Sekruloba
sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba
cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis
Sefaseba
saxeoba
lt05
06-15
gt15
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
1
Fagetum
rhododendrosum
920
Crd das
250
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
2300
730
700
222
150
48
3150
100
susti rc
-
-
120
75
40
25
160
100
sul
2300
695
820
248
190
57
3310
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
2
Fagetum rubosum
860
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
8800
259
16800
494
8400
247
34000
100
kargi rcx
50
169
170
576
75
255
295
100
sul
8850
258
16970
495
8475
247
34295
100
136
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
3
Fagetum- Carpine-
to azalesum
1223
Crd
250
8wf+2rcx
30
09
07
wf
rcx
3100
233
280
718
6800
511
110
282
3400
256
-
-
13300
100
390
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 3380
247
6910
505
3400
248
13690
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
4
Fagetum festuco-
sum
1780
samx aRm
350
10wf+rcx
+nk
20
06
05
wf
rcx
5370
303
320
615
8650
488
130
250
3700
209
70
135
17720
100
520
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 5690
312
8780
481
3770
207
18240
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
5
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 875
Crd das
150
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
rcx
1500
893
50
303
180
107
70
424
-
-
45
273
1680
100
165
100
susti sul 1550
840
250
135
45
25
1845
100
137
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
6
Fagetum rubosum
900
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
rcx
8800
259
120
414
16800
494
80
276
8400
247
90
310
34000
100
290
100
kargi
sul 8920
182
16880
348
8490
176
34290
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
7
Fagetum -Carpine-
to azalesum
1100
Crd
300
7wf3rcx+wb
30
08
07
wf
rcx
2200
193
70
778
5800
509
20
222
3400
298
-
-
11400
100
90
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 2270
197
5820
507
3400
296
11490
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
8
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 380
Crd das
250
8wf2rcx+Tx
70
06
04
wf
rcx
200
741
80
727
70
259
30
273
-
-
-
-
270
100
110
100
Zlier susti
sul
280
737
100
263
-
-
380
100
138
mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da
mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva
asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac
aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi
ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis
saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis
mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)
mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi
mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba
wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac
gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba
xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo
pirobebi
aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-
radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri
SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis
mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT
139
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis
Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-
istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli
elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis
2 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad
saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur
periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba
kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi
mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi
ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely
wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi
naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli
daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani
saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis
sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur
(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis
arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli
qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-
sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac
miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve
rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom
iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian
140
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-
sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi
flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris
sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda
5 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- Sqeriani (azonaluria)
- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul
parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da
maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi
fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)
141
7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum
rhododendrosum
- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)
- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)
- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)
- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan
- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)
- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)
Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari
(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)
8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum)
- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan
- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)
142
- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum
- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)
Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba
- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)
- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)
- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)
- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)
- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)
- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone
formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas
erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha
farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane
saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri
muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges
(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT
9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia
Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da
dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan
erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris
endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan
erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto
caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT
(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli
xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari
(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva
10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis
literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi
143
warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa
da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq
warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100
ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38
Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis
555 - s Seadgens
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia
Senecio Cardamine-8
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 115 (128) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac
fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-
Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da
gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi
mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s
Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT
warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens
kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis
romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis
didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia
warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili
398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens
144
romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli
elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis
flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda
rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi
erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13
ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani
522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-
35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21
Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s
Seadgens
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6
Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani
floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-
32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea
balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)
orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi
procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia
145
warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli
floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-
winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire
aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10
saxeoba-19
12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)
frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum
(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter
brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus
cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)
Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco
tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)
Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
146
13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70) reptiliebis 10 (41)
frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34) saxeoba
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo
fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton
ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)
Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis
(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans
(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco
naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus
anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra
(LC)
14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo
(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-
dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi
Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis
lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri
ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde
15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da
mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
147
xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo
(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)
16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia
struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi
susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da
pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da
wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da
maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da
rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis
Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis
muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba
simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane
qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)
maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian
rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa
ganviTarebuli
yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da
sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar
asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis
wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi
(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia
17 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis
amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36
mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23
higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba
18 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia
148
carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29
qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6
19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-
neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis
adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes
ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi
mimdinareoba
20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo
zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge
meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva
simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli
rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi
21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-
nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis
ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze
fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-
debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis
efeqturi RonisZiebebi
22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri
mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo
potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles
yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-
saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo
koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da
saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze
dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi
149
Ggamoyenebuli literatura
1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442
gv
2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962
442 gv
3 batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1944
batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi
saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv
4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi
2002 280 gv
5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis
balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis
ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t
XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)
6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli
eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst
Sro t II gv 32-42
7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri
faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi
Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001
8 bunebis matiane
200820092010
ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo
9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a
buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv
10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis
yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi
saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani
sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi
tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81
11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi
da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi
Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009
150
12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi
da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati
biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2002 31 gv
13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis
Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes
Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18
14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis
biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da
landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv
69-82
15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis
xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi
ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV
1987
16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa
aWarardquo gv 2-3
17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da
saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba
saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis
Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23
18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo
II gamocema Tbilisi 1974
19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze
wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis
ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis
mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis
SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-
praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54
20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa
samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv
347-351
21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis
foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo
151
30 Tbilisi gv 352-355
22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze
mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa
zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli
universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis
instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194
23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis
mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo
universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli
sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239
24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba
`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv
25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi
baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv
26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi
tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19
27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos
flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003
28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
29 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba
1961 249gv
31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris
ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl
meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1994 16gv
32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis
niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis
botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi
~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176
152
33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli
subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis
gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero
SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24
34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris
subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli
formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb
baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi
(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2
baTumi gv 173-181
35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis
fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos
botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli
respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-
13
36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri
sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos
niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28
37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia
wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37
38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris
mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004
59 gv
39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da
mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da
mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38
40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora
mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo
(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28
41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi
153
subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-
aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambe t 18) gv 12-15
42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri
Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis
axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero
konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi
tomi V gv 5-8
43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis
zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis
dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi
1964 (rusul enaze)
44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis
maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da
fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~
1971 200 gv
46 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis
biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli
ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba
ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119
48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi
mecniereba 1965 552 gv
49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria
samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi
gv 267-281
50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis
bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-
40
51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli
ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi
1998
154
52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi
Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163
53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi
mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134
54 falavandiSvili
1987
falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da
maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa
aWara~ 1987 104 gv
55 falavandiSvili
1993
falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri
gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli
kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa
doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1993 27 gv
56 falavandiSvili
2004
falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi
ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv
57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv
58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria
Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ
59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168
გვ
60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis
mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997
487 gv
61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli
procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis
problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288
62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi
teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba
samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)
Tbilisi 2010 gv 42-43
63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi
universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88
64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv
65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis
flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri
sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9
155
66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv
123
67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг
лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной
биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-
Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе
таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы
научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса
Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт
2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус
68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~
1896 кн 1 стр 22
69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
70 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов
буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии
Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129
72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических
исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем
Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-
конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с
56-60 Рус
73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой
(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны
природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных
территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-
практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008
Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус
74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая
оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и
таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с
164-169 Рус рез англ
75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных
сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния
экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады
Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006
156
Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус
76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного
Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3
Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1
Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус
77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер
по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на
слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та
леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107
78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском
ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического
садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51
79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования
юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения
тр Воронежского государственного университета
Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237
80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных
лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та
Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31
81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический
журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193
82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и
экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой
природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах
Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез
англ
83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков
Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5
с 22-26
84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -
исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр
85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат
1956 354 стр
86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М
1956 354 стр
87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях
чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз
филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр
88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и
их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-
во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449
157
стр
89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление
буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)
Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72
90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии
ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр
91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси
bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр
92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв
Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472
93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на
Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900
32 стр
94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363
96 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические
указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974
Тбилиси стр 8-109
98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия
лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с
ил Рус
99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и
особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические
культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155
100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского
филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933
3 стр 66-70
101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз
ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-
196
102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная
субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913
стр31-44
103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира
ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности
1906 стр175-193
104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС
158
серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии
ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР
1935 стр 1-32
105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т
4 стр 132-145
106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр
104-112
107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия
геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР
М-Л 1936 стр 1-46
108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и
разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал
Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-
163
109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных
воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии
Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29
Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42
110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции
деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и
каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат
диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22
стр
111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -
хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262
стр
112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности
горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии
Тбилиси 1982 191 стр
113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности
Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр
114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и
использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44
115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа
М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр
116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья
Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во
159
Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр
117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень
дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус
118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов
Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV
Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-
13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ
119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии
Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347
120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв
Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр
121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского
ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические
особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры
Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского
ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136
122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр
ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38
стр
123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных
субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр
124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья
Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39
125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М
Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр
126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и
биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)
Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического
мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы
Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып
4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус
127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
128 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР
тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453
130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo
Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр
160
131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов
и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного
Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое
будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-
Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-
297 Рус рез англ
132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L
Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей
природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117
133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ
Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта
Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31
Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163
134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к
дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества
испытателей природы т110 6 2005
135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к
анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов
Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус
рез англ
136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной
флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст
137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных
условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и
безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79
138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of
the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and
Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ
139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и
геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе
Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka
a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz
Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез
англ
140 Cullotta Sebastiano
2007
Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов
леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне
на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity
assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur
J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ
161
141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey
Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali
Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in
tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-
1181 Англ
142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the
former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp
143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile
thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen
Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388
144 Grandtner Miroslaw
2006
Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев
Северной Америки North American native tree species
diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ
145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo
Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a
Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N
79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп
146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist
Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005
147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz
Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p
148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz
Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)
Tbilisi 2010 36p
149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University
press 1997 858 pp
150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E
Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the
spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N
10 с 1729-1749 Англ
151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild
grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6
No 2 pp 93-164
152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N
IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)
Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-
123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm
153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и
рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических
162
и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их
экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for
biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest
plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework
Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ
154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest
biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with
cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and
indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез
фр
155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus
Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103
156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri
Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The
Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro
2005
Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian
Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных
разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране
Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests
of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480
158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua
Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на
острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007
27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ
159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A
(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed
by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006
160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity
Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251
161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель
оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного
вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa
ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ
162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain
Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of
vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178
163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის
მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების
პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი
ბარათი 1994
2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации
163
лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений
питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами
содействия естественному возобновлению 1977
ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21
164 eleqtronuli
informaciebi
1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da
Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos
mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19
Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge
httpwwwnacresorg
2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული
პროგრამაNEAP2
httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi
nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge
3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas
erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i
d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350
4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis
sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996
wN003 http wwwparliamentge)
5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~
httpwwwgaremoitdcge
6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist
7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
httpwwwbiodivorg
8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~
WWF-international WCMC 1997
9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development
of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-
2010
httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu
sshtml CEPF final project completion report
httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl
antspdf
10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living
planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg
11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi
a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc
asus_Region)
164
12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg
13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu
spdf
14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-
ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)
15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve
16 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification
html
165
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia
ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo
forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi
1 5 6 7 8
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f
Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f
Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f
Aviride Huds P H J r
Aworonowii Christ P HJ r
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f
Athyriaceae Alst
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r
Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f
Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel
Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f
Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f
Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic
Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f
Doreades Fomin P H srsh
Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f
Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f
Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r
P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f
Equisetaceae Rich ex DC
Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms
Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f
Huperziaceae Rothm
Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f
Hymenophyllaceae Link
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f
166
Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli
Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f
Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb
Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m
Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf
Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli
Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f
Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf
Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl
Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr
Pteridaceae Reichen
Pteris cretica L P CD f
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr
Jsabina L ђ H fr
Pinaceae Lindl
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f
Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f
Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f
Taxaceae SFGray
Taxus baccata L yen C f
A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)
Aceraceae Juss
Acer campestre L yen CDFH f
Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f
Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f
Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian
Amaranthaceae Juss
Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd
Ahyrbidus L CDF rd
Aretroflexus L CDF rd
Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)
Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm
Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian
167
Apium graveolens L C srd
Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian
Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm
Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs
Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm
Carum carvi L CDFH m
Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr
Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr
Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs
Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh
Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv
Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs
Daucus carota L CDFH frd
Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian
Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m
Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss
Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic
Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)
Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms
Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs
Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh
Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh
Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh
Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f
Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh
P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh
Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs
Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f
Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz
Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f
Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh
Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd
168
Apocynaceae Juss
Vinca minor L bull C f
Aquifoliaceae Bartl
Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh
Araliaceae Juss
Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f
Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f
Aristolochiaceae Juss
Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic
Asclepiadaceae RBr
Periploca graeca L L AB f
Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian
Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs
Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)
Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f
Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf
Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh
Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs
Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs
Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m
Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r
Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian
Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian
Atinctoria L bull C r
Arctium lappa L BC ss
Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn
Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal
Aster alpinus L bull HJ m
Anovae-angliae L bull C ss
Anovi- belgii L bull C ss
Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm
Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd
Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf
Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss
Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f
C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f
169
Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd
Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd
Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv
Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf
Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm
Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic
Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic
Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd
Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs
Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh
Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic
Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m
Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m
Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m
Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian
Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m
Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al
C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal
Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic
Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs
Csetosa Hallfil C ssf
Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv
Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh
Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic
Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs
Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian
Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh
Euniflorus L bull H m
Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f
Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr
Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn
170
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al
Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn
Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian
Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic
Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m
H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm
H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm
Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm
Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs
Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm
Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f
Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm
Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f
Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm
Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf
Inula britannica L bull C ss
Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh
Ihelenium L bull F fsh
Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic
Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm
Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm
Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian
Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f
Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh
Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd
Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm
Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum
Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr
O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr
sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh
Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f
Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv
Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh
Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic
171
Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian
Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m
Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm
Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r
Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s
Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs
Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs
Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh
Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s
Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd
Svulgaris L CDEF rd
Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh
Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f
Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd
Soleraceus L CDF rdal
Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian
S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic
S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian
Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian
Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m
Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv
Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian
Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs
Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd
Xstrumarium L CDF frd
Balsaminaceae ARich
Impatiens noli-tangere L H f
Berberidaceae Torz et Grey
Berberis vulgaris L yen H f
Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr
Betulaceae SF Gray
Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f
Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f
Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f
Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic
Boraginaceae Juss
172
Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f
Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs
Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm
Cofficinale L CDH bs
Echium vulgare L CDFH rd
echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m
Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd
Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs
Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal
Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr
Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic
Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd
Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic
Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh
Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic
Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum
(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian
Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian
Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian
S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian
Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh
Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms
Bplantaginea DC H m
Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd
Brassica campestris L CDFH al
Bunias orientalis L CDF m
Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd
Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh
Cimpatiens L CDFH f
Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f
Cparviflora L CD sssrd
Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f
173
Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss
Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f
Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms
Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd
Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f
Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f
Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r
Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r
Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd
Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv
Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian
Buxaceae Dumort
Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic
Campanulaceae Juss
Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f
C alpigena CKoch bull H bs
C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian
Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs
Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f
Clatifolia L bull H m
Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Cannabinaceae Endl
Humulus lupulus L bull CD f
Caprifoliaceae Juss
Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f
Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f
Caryophyllaceae Juss
Agrostemma githago L CDF al
Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh
Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd
Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms
Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv
Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal
Coreades Schischk bull H msh
Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh
Dianthus armeria L CDFH f
174
Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs
Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs
Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs
G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs
Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian
Herniaria glabra L bull H fr
Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm
Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh
Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr
Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian
Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh
Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr
Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm
Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms
Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs
Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m
Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm
Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm
Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr
Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs
Soxysepala Boiss C al
Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh
Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms
Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs
Suncinatus Schur H bs
Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf
Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm
Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r
Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs
Stellaria holostea L bull C fr
Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd
Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf
Capparaceae Juss
Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn
Celastraceae RBr
Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f
175
Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f
Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian
Chenopodiaceae Vent
Chenopodium album L CDFH al
Chbotrys L CD snrd
Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd
Convolvulaceae Juss
Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh
Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f
Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal
Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr
Cornaceae Dumort
Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)
Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f
Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f
Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic
Corylaceae Mirb
Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f
Corientalis Mill ђyen C f
Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f
Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f
Crassulaceae DC
Sedum annuum L H r
Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r
Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs
Shispanicum L C r
Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh
S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh
Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs
Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r
Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba
Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r
Cuscutaceae Dumort
Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f
Ceuropaea L CDFH ral
Datiscaceae Lindl
176
Datisca cannabina L bull C f
Dipsacaceae Juss
Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian
Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f
Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf
Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv
Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic
S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic
Ebenaceae Guerke
Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f
Elaeagnaceae Juss
Empetraceae SGray
Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh
Ericaceae Juss
Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht
ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm
Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh
Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh
Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Acalypha australis L CDF rd
Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf
Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m
Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian
Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm
Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic
Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian
Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf
Estricta L bull CDF rd
Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms
Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr
Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)
177
Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m
Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn
Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m
Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f
Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm
Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs
Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic
Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic
Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf
Aincertus Ledeb bull H r
Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian
Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian
Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m
Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf
Lhirsutus L CDF rdr
Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f
Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm
Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian
L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn
Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss
Langustifolius L C ss
Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn
Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian
O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian
Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh
Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs
Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs
Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm
Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f
Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs
Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr
Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf
Trifolium arvense L C rd
Tcanescens Willd bull H fm
Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f
178
Tmedium L bull CDFH f
T pratense L bull CDFH mfr
Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm
Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd
Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms
Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd
Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic
Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm
Vcassubica L bull H f
Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv
Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian
Vsepium L bull CDFH shf
Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn
Fagaceae Dumort
Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f
Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f
Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian
Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic
Fumariaceae DC
Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m
Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr
Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f
Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh
Gentianaceae Juss
Gentiana aquatica L H m
Gcruciata L bull CDFH m
Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m
Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian
Gseptemfida Pall bull H m
Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m
Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian
Geraniaceae Juss
Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd
Geranium columbinum L CD rd
Gdissectum L CD sh
Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm
179
Gibericum Cav bull H shm
Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs
Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm
Grobertianum L CDFH fsh
Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh
Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)
Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr
Hypericaceae Juss
Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf
Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian
Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf
Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf
Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian
Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs
Hmontanum L bull CDFH f
Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf
xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf
Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth
Juglans regia L yen CDF f
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f
Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)
Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm
Aorientalis L bull H m
Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh
(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh
Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f
Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss
Cmenthifolia Host bull C f
Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f
Cvulgare L bull CDFH f
Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f
Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd
Gladanum L CDFH rd
Glechoma hederacea L bull C f
Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r
Lamium album L bull CDFH f
180
Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms
Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s
Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m
Mpulegium L bull CDF s
Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f
Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf
Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m
Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m
Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm
Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f
Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr
Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian
Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f
Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m
Stachys annua (L) L C rd
Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f
Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm
Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f
Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic
Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian
Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian
Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian
Lauraceae Juss
Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh
Linaceae Dum
Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m
Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m
Loranthaceae Juss
Viscum album L ђ CDF f
Lythraceae St-Hil
Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs
Malvaceae Juss
Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian
Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd
Msylvestris L bull CDF rd
Moraceae Link
181
Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic
Morus alba L yen C f
Mnigra L yen C f
Oleaceae HoffmggampLink
Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f
Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f
Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas
ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian
Onagraceae Juss
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv
Circaea alpina L bull H srf
C lutetiana L bull CDFH f
Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m
Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr
Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs
Emontanum L bull CDFH f
Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s
Orobanchaceae Vent
Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m
Oraddeana G Bec bull H f
Oramosa L C al
Oxalidaceae RBr
Oxalis acetosella L bull H f
Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd
Paeoniaceae Rudolphi
Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic
Papaveraceae Juss
Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd
Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r
Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs
Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd
Parnassiaceae SFGray
Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm
Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f
Phytolaccaceae RBr
Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh
182
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r
Planceolata L bull CDFH mss
Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd
Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs
Polygalaceae RBr
Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr
Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian
Polygonaceae Juss
Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m
Charkev)
subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m
Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss
P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss
Paviculare L CDFH rdalf
Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal
Ralpestris Jacq bull H m
Ralpinus L bull H m
Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd
Primulaceae Vent
Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd
Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian
Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs
Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian
Avillosa L bull HJ bsr
Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian
Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh
Primula algida Adams bull HJ m
Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss
Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh
Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian
Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh
Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian
Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f
Pyrolaceae Dumort
Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh
183
Pminor L bull H fsh
Protundifolia L bull H f
Ranunculaceae Juss
Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm
Aorientale Mill bull H m
Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian
Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m
Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian
Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m
Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s
Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m
Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f
Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian
Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian
Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian
Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian
Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian
Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic
Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian
Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms
Rbulbosus L bull C m
R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian
Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian
Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f
Rchius DC C D rd
Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian
Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m
Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf
Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm
Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m
Rhamnaceae Juss
184
Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr
Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic
Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r
Rosaceae Juss
Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f
Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m
Adura Bus bull H bs
Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian
Aobtegens Juz bull H m
Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m
Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs
Asericea Willd bull H shbs
Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr
Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic
Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm
Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f
Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs
Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd
Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f
Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh
Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv
Gurbanum L bull CDF m
Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh
Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f
Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f
Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm
Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic
Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm
Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic
Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm
Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf
Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m
Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf
Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic
Precta L bull CD rdm
185
Preptans L bull CDF rdm
Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian
Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f
Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f
Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian
Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh
Rcanina L ђ CDF fr
Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr
Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm
Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf
R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian
Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh
Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh
Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr
Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f
Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic
Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr
Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic
Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh
Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm
Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh
Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian
Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic
Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic
Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian
Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f
Rubiaceae Juss
Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm
A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr
Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr
Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r
G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss
G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f
Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal
Salicaceae Mirb
186
Populus tremula L yen CDFH f
Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f
Sapoda Trautv ђ H f
Scaprea L yen CDFH f
Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian
Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic
Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh
S nigra L ђ CDFH f
Santalaceae RBr
Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh
Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh
Saxifragaceae Juss
Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r
S cymbalaria L CDF srf
Sexarata Vill bull HJ r
Smoschata Wul bull HJ r
S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian
Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr
Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs
Scrophulariaceae Juss
Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian
Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh
E pectinata Ten CDFH msh
E petiolaris Wettst H rbs
Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic
Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian
Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr
Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr
Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic
Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m
Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m
Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh
P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh
Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m
P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm
187
Rhinanthus minor L J m
Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m
Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh
Silwensis C Koch H shms
Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf
Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f
Snodosa L bull C frd
Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd
Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r
S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f
Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian
Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh
Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn
Vthapsus L CDF m
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s
Varmena Boiss bull H s
Vbeccabunga L bull H s
Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic
Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd
Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh
Vhederifolia L C ssr
Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian
Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm
Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f
Vpersica Poir CDFH rd
Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd
Simaroubaceae DC
Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f
Solanaceae Juss
Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian
Datura stramonium L CDF rd
Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd
Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd
Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss
Solanum nigrum L CDF alss
188
Staphyleaceae Lindl
Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f
Thymelaeaceae Juss
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm
D glomerata Lam ђ H shm
D mezereum L ђ H f
D pontica L ђ CDF f
Tiliaceae Juss
Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil
T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f
Ulmaceae Mirb
Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD
Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f
Urticaceae Juss
Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf
Vacciniaceae SFGray
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh
Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh
Vuliginosum L ђ H m
V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m
Valerianaceae Batsch
Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf
Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic
Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian
Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs
Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian
Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd
Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss
Verbenaceae J St-Hil
Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd
Viburnaceae Rafin
Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh
V opulus L ђ CDFH f
V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh
Violaceae Batsch
Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f
189
V arvensis Murr CDFH rd
V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh
V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic
V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m
V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr
V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian
MONOCOTILEDONEAE
Alliaceae JAgardh +
Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr
Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian
Arotundum L bull CDF frbs
A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr
A ursinum L bull C f
Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian
Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian
Araceae Juss
Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum
(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh
Commelinaceae RBr
Commelina communis L C ssal
Convallariaceae Horan
Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f
Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f
P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f
Cyperaceae Juss
Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh
Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m
Cdigitata L bull C ffr
Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss
Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh
Cleporina L bull CDFH sms
Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian
C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m
Cpendula Huds bull CD f
Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh
Cpontica Albov bull H m
190
Cremota L bull CDF f
Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s
Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f
Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn
Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms
Dioscoreaceae RBr
Tamus communis L bull C f
Hyacinthaceae Batsch
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic
Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic
Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf
Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic
Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm
Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic
Iridaceae Juss
Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m
Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m
Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic
Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m
Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s
J bufonius L CDFH s
Jeffusus L bull CDFH f
Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh
L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m
Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f
Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf
pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m
Liliaceae Juss
Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic
F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian
Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic
Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic
varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic
191
Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr
Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m
Melanthiacaea Batsch
Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)
SchueblampMartens] bull H m
Orchidaceae Juss
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh
Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f
Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f
Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf
Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm
Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms
D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh
invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m
Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh
Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh
Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f
Orchis pallens L bull H m
O picta Loisel bull H m
Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m
Poaceae Barnhart
Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd
Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f
Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal
Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m
Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh
Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s
Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch
Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs
flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh
Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m
Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata
(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs
Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m
192
B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m
Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh
Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss
Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s
Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal
Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal
Cechinatus L GH fmsh
Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh
Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn
Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn
Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal
Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss
Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s
Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr
Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh
F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh
Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr
Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh
Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m
Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh
Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s
Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian
Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m
Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh
Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss
Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm
Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus
europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f
Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m
Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic
Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian
Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m
193
Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f
Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian
Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal
Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs
Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr
Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m
Poa annua L bull H ms
Palpina L bull H m
P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr
Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf
Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr
Psupina Schrad H mms
Ptrivialis L bull C ms
Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)
Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides
(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr
Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f
Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf
Potamogetonaceae Dumort
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s
Pnatans L bull H s
Ruscaceae Hutch
Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh
R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh
Smilacaceae Vent
Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh
Trilliaceae Lindl
Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh
194
danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi
xe (yen)
buCqi (ђ)
xe an buCqi (yenђ)
liana (L)
gvimra (P)
erTwliani balaxovnebi ()
orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)
habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd
D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd
F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd
H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi
wmndash Warbteniani mdelo
sc ndash scree
m ndash mdelo
fm ndash tye- mdelo
fr ndash tye-klde
r ndash klde
sr ndash sveli kldeebi
bs-qva-RorRi
hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba
endemuroba
Caucasian-kavkasiis
Kolchic-kolxeTis
Georgian-saqarTvelos
Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis
Ajaraian- aWaris
195
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
შახეობა
ჩრდილის
ამტანი
სინათლის
მოყვარული
სითბოს
მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch
ქონდარა ღვია + + +
Jsabina L
კაზაკური ღვია + + +
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი + + +
Taxus baccata L
უთხოვარი + + +
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი + + +
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე + + +
A trautveterii Medw
მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Rhus coriaria L
თუთუბო + + +
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი + + +
Berberis vulgaris L
კოწახური + + +
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +
196
Aincana (L) Moench
ნაცარა მურყანი + + +
Betula litwinowii Doluch
ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +
B medwedewii Regel
მედვედევის არყი + + +
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა + + +
Lonicera caprifolium L
ჯიქა + +
Ljaponica Thunb
იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +
L caucasica Pall
წერწა + + +
Euonymus europaea L
კიდობანა + + +
Elatifolia (L) Mill
ტაბლაყურა + + +
E leiophloea Stev
ჭანჭყატი + + + +
Swida australis (CAMey)
შინდანწლა + + +
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა + + +
Corientalis Mill
ჯაგრცხილა + + +
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა + + +
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall
დეკა + + +
Rluteum Sweet
იელი + +
+
Rponticum L + + +
197
პონტოური შქერი
Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze
სოხაძის შქერი + +
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი +
+
Robinia pseudacacia L
ცრუაკაცია + + +
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა + + +
Q pontica CKoch
პონტოური მუხა + + +
Ribes alpinum L
მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +
Hypericum androsaemum L
კრაზანა + + +
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე + + +
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk
ლაფანი + + +
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი + + +
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +
Foxycarpa Willd
კავკასიური იფანი + + +
Ligustrum vulgare L
კვიდო + + +
198
L japonicum Thunb
იაპონური კვიდო
Clematis vitalba L
კატაბარდა + + +
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი + + +
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი + + +
Cerasus avum (L) Moench
ბალამწარა + + +
Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem
წყავი + + +
Mespilus germanica L
ზღმარტლი + + +
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი + + +
Pyracantha coccinea MRoem
ჩიტავაშლა + + +
Pyrus balansae Decne
ბერყენა + + +
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი + + +
Rosa boissieri Crep
ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +
Rcanina L
ასკილი + + +
Rcorymbifera Borkh
ასკილი
Rubus caucasicus Focke
კავკასიური მაყვალი + +
R woronowii (Surde) Surde
ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +
Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss
ჭნავი + + +
Spiraea japonica Lfil
იაპონური გრაკლა + + +
199
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
Salix alba L
წნორი + + +
Scaprea L
მდგნალი + +
S caucasica Anderss
ტირიფი + + +
Sambucus nigra L
დიდიგულა + + +
Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle
ხემყრალა + + +
Staphylea pinnata L
ჟონჯოლი + +
Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb
იალღუნი
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed
ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +
Dmezereum L
მაჯაღვერი + + +
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი + + +
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა + + +
Uscarba Mill
თელამუში + + +
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი + + +
Vuliginosum L
ლურჯი მოცვი + + +
Viburnum lantana L + + +
200
უზანი
Vopulus L
ძახველი + +
+
Vitis vinifera L
ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა + +
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო + + +
Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)
ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +
Hpastuchowii Woronow
პასტუხოვის სურო + +
201
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobis reliqturoba
სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული
პერიოდის
Yყინულოვანი
პერიოდის
პოლტავის
ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი
+
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი
+
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი
+
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი
+
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე
+
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი
+
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი
+
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა
+
Elatifolia (L) Mill
თაბლაყურა
+
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა
+
Corientalis Mill
ჟაგრცხილა
+
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი
+
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა
+
Rluteum Sweet +
202
იელი
Rponticum L
პონტოური შქერი
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი
+
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი
+
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ
+
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
+
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა
+
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე
+
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი
+
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი
+
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი
+
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი
+
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი
+
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი
+
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
+
Salix alba L
ჭნორი
+
Scaprea L
მდგნალი
+
Staphylea pinnata L
ჯონჯოლი
+
Dmezereum L +
203
მაჯაღვერი
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი
+
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი
+
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა
+
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი
+
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი
+
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა
+
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო
+
- 204 -
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia
sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება
ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)
ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812
ქორდიანები
ხერხემლიანები
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
1 2 3 4
რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +
რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი
ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი
Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +
ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი
Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +
ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი
Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +
Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +
Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +
რიგი Esociformes -
- 205 -
ოჯახი Esocidae -
Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +
ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +
ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +
რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +
კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები
რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +
რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +
ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +
ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +
ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +
კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები
ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +
Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +
ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +
- 206 -
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977) თურქული ხვლიკი
+
ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +
Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი
Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +
ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი
Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +
კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები
რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +
რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი
ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +
რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +
Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +
რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი
ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი
Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +
Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +
Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +
Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +
რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი
ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +
- 207 -
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +
Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +
Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +
Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოკარკაზი
+ +
ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი
Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +
Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +
ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +
რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი
ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +
ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი
Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +
რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი
- 208 -
ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი
Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +
ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი
Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია
Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია
Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +
ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +
რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი
ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი
Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +
რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი
ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +
რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი
ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი
Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +
Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +
Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +
Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +
რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +
რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი
Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +
რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი
ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +
ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +
- 209 -
რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი
ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი
Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +
რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი
Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg
1833) სირიული კოდალა
+
Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა
რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი
ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +
ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +
ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +
ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის
შაშვი
+ +
ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +
Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +
ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +
ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი
Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +
- 210 -
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +
ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი
Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +
Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +
ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +
ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +
Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი
მემატლია
+ +
Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +
ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +
ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი
Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +
Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +
ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი
Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +
Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +
ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +
ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი
Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +
Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +
Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +
ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +
- 211 -
ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +
Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოცეცხლა
+ +
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +
Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +
კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები
რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები
ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი
Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული
ზღარბი
+
ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი
Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +
Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +
ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი
Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +
Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +
რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები
ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა
Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე
Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +
Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი
ნატერერის მღამიობი
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +
- 212 -
Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი
ნათუზიუსის ღამორი
+ +
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +
რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი
ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +
Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი
რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები
ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი
Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)
მემინდვრია
+
Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +
ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი
Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +
Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +
Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +
Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +
Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +
ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +
Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +
ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +
რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები
ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +
Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +
ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +
ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი
- 213 -
Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +
Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +
ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +
რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები
ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +
ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი
Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +
ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი
- 214 -
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis
tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 215 -
danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 3 -
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi ------------------- 94
321 kintrisSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi ------------ 94
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi -------------------- 99
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis floris endemebi --------------------------------------------------------------
108
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi---------------------------------------------------------------------
106
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis
statusismqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba------------------
106
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi mcenareTa
saxeobebis daavadebebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------
111
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis
iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi) ------------------------------------------------
114
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi
regeneraciis kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze -----
123
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba ------------------------------------ 123
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba --------------------------------- 131
d a s k v n e b i da r e k o m e n d a c i e b i ------ 139
gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------------------------------ 149
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia-------------------------------
165
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis
damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi -----------------------
195
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis
reliqturoba-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
201
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas
erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre
gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da
amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia------------------------------------------------
204
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli------------------------
214
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar
tyis tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) --------------------------------
danarTi 7 Ffoto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) ----------------------------- 215
214
- 4 -
Sesavali
istoriuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad uZvelesi droidan saqarTveloSi
mravlad moipoveboda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis ew daculi teritoriebi
iqneboda es samefo saufliswulo Tu saTavado sanadiro savargulebi
strategiuli mniSvnelobis geografiuli adgilebi (tyeebi bunebis
Zeglebi iSviaTobebi da saocrebani cixe-koSkebis mimdebare teritoriebi
da aS) sanakrZalo reJims daqvemdebarebuli teritoriebi eklesia-
monastrebis da sxva religiuri adgilebis (salocavebi da sxv) irgvliv
arsebuli teritoriebi egreT wodebuli xatis tyeebi da wmindad
gamocxadebuli nakveTebi soflis safari tyeebi didi daqanebis (300 da
meti) cicabo da Zlier cicabo mTis ferdobebze romlebic SeiZleba
bunebis mavne zemoqmedebis stiqiuri movlenebis (wyaldidobebi zvavebi
Rvarcofebi erozia da aS) kerebad qceuliyvnen (aWaraSi maT iasaRsrdquo
anu akrZaluls eZaxian da soflis mosaxleoba mkacrad icavs)
(batoniSvili vaxuSti 1944 saxokia 1985)
istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT jer kidev meTormete saukuneSi
Tamar mefem zogierTi teritoriis dasacavad gamosca samefo brZaneba
xuTasi wlis Semdeg ki vaxtang IV-s kanonTa krebulirdquo moixseniebs
ldquoyoruRisrdquo teritorias rogorc dacvis obieqts iq akrZaluli iyo xeebis
moWra da seirnoba teritorias ki mcvelebi icavdnen
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis
Tvisobrivad axali etapi bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF)
teqnikuri daxmarebiT damoukideblobis aRdgenis droidan ndash 1991 wlidan
daiwyo TandaTan gadaidga Sesabamisi nabijebi am droisaTvis daculi
teritoriebis sistemis ganviTareba dafuZnebul iyo aRiarebuli da
aprobirebuli saerTaSoriso kategoriebis- konservaciis msoflio
kavSiris (IUCN ndash The World Conservation Union) rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad
daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebam gansakuTrebuli
dinamizmi ukanaskneli aTwleulis periodSi SeiZina da yovelive amis
Sedegad saqarTveloSi amJamad saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia daculi
- 5 -
teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 49731576 heqtars Seadgens rac Cveni
qveynis mTliani teritoriis daaxloebiT 7-ia
aWaraSi pirveli daculi teritoriebi _ kintriSisa da ciskaras
saxelmwifo nakrZalebi _ 1959 wels Seiqmna Tumca xanmokle periodis
Semdeg _ 1961 wels daudgeneli mizezebis gamo ndash ciskaras saxelmwifo
nakrZali gauqmda
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi dRes daarsebulia 4 kategoriis
daculi teritoria kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali (saerTo farTobiT
1070300 ha) kintriSis daculi landSafti (saerTo farTobiT 319000 ha)
mtiralas erovnuli parki (1580600 ha) maWaxelas erovnuli parki (873300
ha) qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali (33125 ha) da qobuleTis aRkveTili
(43875 ha) sul 3920200 ha rac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis (ar)
mTliani farTobis (2900 kvkm) 1351-s da aWaris a r tyiT dafaruli
farTobis (2013056 ha rac Seadgens aWaris ar mTliani teritoriis 694-
s) 1351-s Seadgens
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlis da misi Semdgomi monitoringis
prioritetul mimarTulebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi kavSiri
saerTaSoriso konvenciiT ldquobiologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxebrdquo (The
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 httpwwwcbdint ) Cveni qveynis mier
aRebul valdebulebebTan saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis
strategiiTa da moqmedebaTa gegmiT gansazRvrul habitatebis da
saxeobebis in situ da ex situ konservaciis samTavrobo prioritetTan
(saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da moqmedebis
gegma saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N27 2005 wlis 19 Tebervali
httpmoegovgefileslicenziabsap_gepdf) saqarTvelos garemos dacvis
moqmedebaTa mesame erovnul programasTan (NEAP-2 wwwaarhusge) aseve
sxva saerTaSoriso garemosdacviT konvenciebTan da programebTan
romelTa wevric aris saqarTvelo
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mravalferovnebis
tipologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Seswavla da grZelvadiani
- 6 -
konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero
da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens
Temis aqtualoba
cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia
Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa
siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis
Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-
erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel
wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-
giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis
siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L
Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis
dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic
gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa
da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis
gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu
daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben
dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur
tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)
amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es
monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli
saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi
uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris
(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT
sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis
farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)
gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT
niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas
erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc
- 7 -
florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-
dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi
teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis
gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da
mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess
Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash
dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma
momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam
Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT
eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis
aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi
teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri
(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in
situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias
Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi
teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis
piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali
xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi
formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis
(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli
teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur
struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze
gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis
kanonzomierebebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri
da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod
did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da
gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria
- 8 -
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi
kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis
saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis
Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani
saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis
dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis
biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis
damuSaveba
kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda
- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis
analizi
- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri
maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis
gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis
Sefaseba
- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi
da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis
kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
kvlevis meTodebi
tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis
meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis
(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g
naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)
Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi
tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad
eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac
gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo
- 9 -
farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis
ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)
sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa
da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis
safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo
simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba
mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi
cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba
mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani
mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-
ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia
Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s
Cop (CopiosusCopostal)
Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90
Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-
dafaruloba 50-70
Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50
Sp (Sparsussporsal)
Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30
Sp2 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 20
Sp1 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10
Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-
dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde
Un Unicum- erTi individi
tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos
florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева
1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе
Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM
Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili
d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis
- 10 -
adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004
wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da
saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri
nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995
Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis
periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi
tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis
meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da
lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle
da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris
Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni
da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis
Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala
saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul
siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe
Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian
Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report
(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus
Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili
G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D
Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem
ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris
safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)
- 11 -
daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe
2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)
merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis
reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)
monacemebTan SedarebiT
sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad
gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT
aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena
sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad
daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)
cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis
aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis
administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis
gamoyenebiT
mecnieruli siaxle
kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia
imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis
fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba
- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi
damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi
- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio
maCveneblebi
- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da
saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani
taqsonebis mravalferovneba
- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi
fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da
- 12 -
mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis
jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis
mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi
- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali
taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa
sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba
- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul
mdgomareobas
- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris
da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba
- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Taviseburebebi
- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis
Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli
menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis
- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis
samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli
informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani
saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb
naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli
Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da
axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro
- 13 -
teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis
gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore
saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-
sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze
publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8
samecniero statiaD
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi
moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16
qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da
rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris
96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia
kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi
teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md
yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi
mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da
agroekosistemebi
samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis
sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi
obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli
meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri
baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors
qalbaton nino memiaZes
- 14 -
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos
kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis
xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul
saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa
daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas
erovnuli parki
mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures
dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves
(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis
centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo
Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)
- 15 -
ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis
SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar
miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi
(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT
parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis
satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis
satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)
calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria
dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad
warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi
kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275
ha-s Seadgens
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso
kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac
aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis
reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis
qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT
aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis
wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo
- 16 -
qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan
Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami
mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare
Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli
kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo
da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli
monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka
112)
ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT
Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara
satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar
farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
- 17 -
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba
CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis
farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis
ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki
rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis
daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi
garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi
romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da
qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-
nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad
daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)
aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba
saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)
gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ
konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi
aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi
teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi
gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)
maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis
xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis
ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash
rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT
kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)
- 18 -
ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi
ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro
monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze
- 19 -
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da
maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis
dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis
TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash
MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami
daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis
prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-
KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p
httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-
development-issues) (ruka 115)
ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT
miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656
httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)
- 20 -
12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi
geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani
aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli
periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad
qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT
(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad
zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa
- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)
- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)
- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)
- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)
umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da
miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari
gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi
wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da
zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris
gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani
reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma
xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan
aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba
rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al
javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4
ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)
- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan
- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde
- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde
zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures
samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi
zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro
- 21 -
zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi
zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan
aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8
kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac
misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs
gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes
SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli
magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens
MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur
gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea
romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT
gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro
orografiul raions
mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi
Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)
qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad
ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani
eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da
mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da
eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba
ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi
adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016
m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv
mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli
zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi
adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino
saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia
naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)
rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis
umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da
orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos
- 22 -
kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT
dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli
zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo
grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT
sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda
pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi
aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia
xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira
dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da
mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi
agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-
andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da
tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali
bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT
gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac
dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis
saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi
fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli
avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT
gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze
13 Hhava
bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa
damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi
teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi
cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis
uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs
waagavs
notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis
aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis
maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan
axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic
- 23 -
xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs
atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris
zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs
(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava
yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan
mkacrdeba
atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas
erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken
miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas
haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac
Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur
tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis
mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs
mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo
maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan
1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa
raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da
zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs
uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-
Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili
savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis
pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis
dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia
gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees
imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias
ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas
iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo
nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili
zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir
cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)
tipebis kanonzomier cvlas
- 24 -
zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs
temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi
zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre
sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian
mxareSic
sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad
ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli
uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian
sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs
Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba
aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari
meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan
dRemde
cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis
obieqtebze
Mmeteo-
sadguri
zd
simaR
m-Si
Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67
boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93
dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88
CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74
aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi
haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia
bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia
- 25 -
kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев
1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)
saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis
mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul
tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa
klimatis semdegi tipebi
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati
Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-
500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-
temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi
iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami
Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli
klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri
temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT
Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s
ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda
aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll
bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris
ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara
nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis
CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli
saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da
100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa
yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris
Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde
zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips
- 26 -
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati
vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi
Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da
naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura
Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-
mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali
fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000
mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-
s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia
yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi
Seadgens -16-170С-s
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba
teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s
yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi
minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi
Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati
moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde
gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli
xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves
maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva
reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis
simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli
vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi
- 27 -
pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani
tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis
daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si
14 niadgebi
aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze
intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris
mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba
XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v
dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina
kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da
warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis
Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli
klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi
dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani
monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri
Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951
SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983
falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe
manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe
manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933
Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе
Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис
Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)
saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7
milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-
fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-
riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis
- 28 -
mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-
bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens
saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma
da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-
agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma
Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da
Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-
uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris
moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris
erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-
ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis
Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi
saxesxvaobebi
wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli
zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-
Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo
mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis
martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-
savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-
li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-
tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies
tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-
aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis
mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-
Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs
kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs
advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea
- 29 -
cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
klimatis daxasiaTeba
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia
yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura
aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi
minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo
100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-
47000С-s
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali
magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili
xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi
raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri
temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi
minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde
(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis
xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
- 30 -
gagrZeleba cxrili 132
1 2 3 4
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -
80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-
3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze
Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-
1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo
temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -
16-170С-mde
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da
mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina
klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia
temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze
civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde
absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio
periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa
da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi
zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi
aRwevs 35-45 Tves
- 31 -
amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-
wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad
klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani
nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-
nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi
erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-
cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-
ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-
eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi
mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-
is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT
mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani
sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba
yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili
farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da
vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-
gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-
aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-
kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea
gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia
aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-
onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze
arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti
teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-
lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-
filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis
Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-
uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-
niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis
- 32 -
bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva
kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos
niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis
monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe
1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi
teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri
zonaloba
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli
Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi
am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de
ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi
gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad
ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil
classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da
wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an
Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am
mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi
gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba
wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi
SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri
SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi
aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani
farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic
Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda
nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-
yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian
zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi
formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar
- 33 -
emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic
formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi
saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am
niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba
yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs
Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave
reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis
sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown
forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-
Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi
aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es
niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis
araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi
aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi
(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi
sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-
mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -
s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan
gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli
profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod
erodirebulia
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli
- 34 -
FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da
torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi
vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si
15 hidrografia
Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia
mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas
axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze
mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia
qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi
Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis
samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani
zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da
Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT
gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod
rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare
kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs
xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba
dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg
kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas
saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea
romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens
mraval CanCqers
zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT
SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele
Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof
zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara
qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT
garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis
- 35 -
Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea
abSila da sxv)
aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis
naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa
CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian
uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli
warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia
60-90 lwm
garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan
2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac
dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da
gruntis wylebiT
nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian
mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas
hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia
xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac
mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo
faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT
biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT
gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis
formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT
kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da
qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti
sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri
Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе
19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a
mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi
- 36 -
cxrili 141 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori
saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli
(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da
gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric
Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric
Cambisols)
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali
niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT
(Gleic Cambisols)
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District
Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)
- 37 -
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis
CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am
droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da
naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa
meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi
zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis
samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad
gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa
gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro
farTod gavrcelda
pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia
SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev
wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo
foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis
wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT
qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda
rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier
gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava
(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis
SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri
da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi
qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi
magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani
mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga
kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila
Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi
nekerCxali da sxva
meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime
gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis
qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv
xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde
myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis
- 38 -
vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac
ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi
SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi
romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani
saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis
kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _
zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi
dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi
wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi
(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)
naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis
kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli
mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic
dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul
sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic
pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli
epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara
qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis
teritoriebze
ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo
ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT
Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda
wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500
dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis
aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis
midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)
zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis
mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi
- 39 -
zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo
SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles
nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis
Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave
ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris
mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris
bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis
uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan
morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am
periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri
sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda
farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis
fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi
soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi
meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia
myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul
holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs
mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi
Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis
daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli
formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT
saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _
murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo
sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani
tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi
gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi
subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma
Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)
periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier
gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT
- 40 -
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier
Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi
saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua
holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic
kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda
aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc
yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi
igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
- 41 -
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri
reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da
faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze
seiqmna daculi landSafti
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia
13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts
3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia
aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT
daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14
anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20
anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02
saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs
warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi
marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa
daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves
xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni
mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis
Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens
maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash
tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan
pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash
mis sazRvrebs gareT
- 42 -
kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da
xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian
zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md
kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis
farglebSi)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli
niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi
teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze
maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan
tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis
saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis
proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs
ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia
saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha
anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT
wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis
wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian
murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)
wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)
koromebi (cxrili 211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum
Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum
rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum
rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum
subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad
damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-
- 43 -
buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis
agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi
mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani
monawileobiT
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)
modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis
donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)
zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur
saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)
(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის
(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze
xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac
tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze
meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT
Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis
Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT
mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)
tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi
produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის
დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი
ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული
ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის
ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის
კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)
kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis
udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha
anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo
maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT
dafaruli farTobisa
- 44 -
cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis
ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT
gabatonebuli saxeoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
Mmtiralas erovnuli parki
sul
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
muryani
rcxila (T+a)
wabli (T+a)
muxa (T+a)
wifeli
naZvi
Sqeri da wyavi
sxva merqnianebi
sul
4560
36
5730
45
28620
223
-
71290
555
1390
11
14830
115
1980
15
128400
100
496
22
808
36
4015
181
-
15985
717
404
18
465
21
106
05
22279
100
20440
130
7898
503
5448
35
-
102880
6553
-
-
17000
1082
3324
212
156990
100
2348
1145
10103
492
3202
156
-
164253
8010
-
-
3422
167
588
03
205048
100
25000
876
13628
477
34068
1194
-
174170
6102
1390
11
31830
1115
5304
126
285390
100
2844
665
18183
425
43352
1013
324103
7575
404
18
8072
104
1648
038
427838
100
- 45 -
cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili 213 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT
daculi teritoria
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba
boniteti sixSire
I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki
17180
133
88542
564
85820
668
50237
320
25400
199
18211
116
35490
277
22293
142
43700
340
55731
355
49210
383
78966
503
daculi
teritoriebi
xnovanebiTi jgufi
axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da
uxnesi
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
75
06
17583
112
1292
104
122452
780
2118
160
9262
59
9355
730
7692
49
- 46 -
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash III 6
saSualo sixSire ndash 059
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm
saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md
kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo
tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba
mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)
xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare
kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze
(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)
axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod
xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)
varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla
TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50
wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es
pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma
xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas
soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac
xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili
amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens
dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis
teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino
werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-
zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle
droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)
- 47 -
cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi
administraciuli
erTeuli
saSualo maragi Semateba
mwife da
uxnesi
koromebis
farTobebi
(ha)
xno
vaneb
a
boni
tet
i
sixSir
e
saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
116
III-6
059
22279
1740
17747
1900
179
14
93550
48
sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da
saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)
kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas
Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi
sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa
winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac
iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo
anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq
raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze
adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze
pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da
kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT
(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis
aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze
zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan
da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda
rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas
misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 8 tona
lobio 1 tona
kartofili 6 tona
bostneuli 1 tona
xili 5 tona
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi
mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi
landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens
49
mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi
produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili
tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi
mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs
mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli
bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3
tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri
mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis
wyaroa
xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis
moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da
zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani
roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero
da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi
aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da
saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi
mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe
merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-
mde farglebSi magaliTad
2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani
2010 welSi gaica 420 kubm saSeSe merqani
2011 welSi gaica 37 kubm saSeSe merqani
2012 welSi gaica 5592 kubm saSeSe merqani
50
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar
dafiqsirebula
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi
obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia
adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod
samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul
marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia
mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani
kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012
wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro
vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia
2007 weli 0
2008 weli 458
2009 weli 1577
2010 weli 3464
2011 weli 3212
2012 weli 4800
bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli
meurneoba
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali
etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer
kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis
SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis
teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros
(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo
am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda
51
aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi
parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo
gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis
teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli
parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi
tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli
zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da
reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am
teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis
yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze
xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis
ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul
ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas
mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis
ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis
formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri
cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da
aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood
dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze
sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra
mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri
biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri
tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
52
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo
farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis
tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da
dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac
uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT
sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da
soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis
municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva
xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru
qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis
mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT
dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens
merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi
rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli
(Castanea sativa)
xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini
umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze
didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis
sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06
sixSiris koromebze
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris
ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm
tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m
simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 141 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash II-6
saSualo sixSire ndash 062
53
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 2050 kbm
saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm
mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis
garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze
anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar
SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi
saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs
specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba
eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad
dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi
sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis
damzadebis samuSaoebi
aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri
mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria
xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi
xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad
saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)
tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen
nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad
Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis
samuSaoebi
xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad
hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna
mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad
xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili
tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi
gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da
teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali
intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze
zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda
54
tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo
Wrebi warmoadgenda
zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis
manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad
SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gaumjobesdeba
unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT
ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad
damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili
teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT
buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs
intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili
aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas
Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis
mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi
monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul
gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan
iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari
gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT
Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq
saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis
tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis
teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia
daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare
teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa
umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis
tyis farTobebze
2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad
sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da
buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans
misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli
55
zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da
vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda
vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad
realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis
buferuli zonis soflebSi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam
Seadgina
2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli
2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)
2009 weli daiSva 229855 kubm (aTvisebulia 83000 kubm)
2010 weli daiSva 279899 kubm (aTvisebulia 114889 kubm)
2011 weli daiSva 151907 kubm (aTvisebulia 20538 kubm)
2012 weli daiSva 18444 kubm (aTvisebulia 75896 kubm)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 659 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1648 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 754 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 0674 kubm
2012 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 140 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
169500 kubm
2008 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
298300 kubm
2009 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
139900 kubm
56
2010 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
173000 kubm
2011 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
187900 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli
mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 4195 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 552 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1769 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 5430 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 581 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-
tyis moculoba 582 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan
uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli
Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis
soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils
tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da
mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT
nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba
adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan
gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi
memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod
weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 5712 tona
lobio 576 tona
kartofili 3408 tona
bostneuli 3049 tona
xili 1249 tona
57
yurZeni 2097 tona
citrusi 6700 tona
Tambaqo 11 tona
sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri
meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis
didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba
bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia
warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad
momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis
gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema
unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis
xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare
teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali
mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac
citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli
nawilis realizeba xdeba
mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi
memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242
tona rZe 1172800 litri
2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 4510 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 40-dan 115
tonamde Tafli
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis
ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964
ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod
Seadgens
wabli 416 tona
kakali 141 8 tona
mocvi 154 tona
58
mayvali 25 tona
soko 15 tona
dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia
TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi
yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi
Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi
yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi
TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris
dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis
dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis
samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze
miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi
xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15
mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria
sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s
saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli
wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs
mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT
irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis
sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis
infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-
RameSi
mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli
warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo
simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi
mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30
Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs
(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi
bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben
daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi
59
mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde
uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar
ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof
CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa
centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa
patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian
saavtomobilo gzas
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar
aRiniSneba
mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2
adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks
yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian
vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod
35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis
rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul
vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3
dRiT
turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis
administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi
vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti
- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili
- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani
- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani
vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia
2007 weli 69
2008 weli 628
2009 weli 2533
2010 weli 15350
2011 weli 19400
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137
60
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis
departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas
erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi
2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 108 sacxovrebel Senobaze 9 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad
qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22
ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-
qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-
rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-
rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
2008 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-
Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli
- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
61
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-
vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 117 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 5 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 37 sacxovrebeli saxli
qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli
procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15
maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)
rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis
dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar
dafiqsirebula
aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-
ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis
gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da
racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos
tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-
higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva
garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone
mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra
62
Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da
ZiriTadi formaciebi)
biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)
mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs
struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva
niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
(Whittaker 1972)
tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da
biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966
baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis
Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da
saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens
garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri
mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli
Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis
SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C
Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai
Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин
2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев
2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)
dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J
63
Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran
Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)
konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas
da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis
istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis
dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng
Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann
Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский
2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)
sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da
subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri
metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo
Jukka 2007)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT
floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT
evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis
floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis
xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri
warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli
periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es
farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda
axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da
mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis
pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da
wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur
merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs
kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels
xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis
64
damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli
Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa
warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers
aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi
nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an
krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom
igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens
zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis
Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi
kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri
wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli
balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus
ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _
lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS
zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi
mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi
romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi
elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac
maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi
xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava
mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli
niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis
Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi
balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens
xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da
mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul
olqebs uaxlovdeba
mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel
subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari
subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo
aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva
mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba
65
tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi
acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma
tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa
foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli
saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma
formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva
mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad
daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba
mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis
vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi
erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba
da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi
satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi
ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis
dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis
mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi
iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad
sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis
pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve
mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli
farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli
papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969
gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001
2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani
2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998
manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010
daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)
fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis
mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze
ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis
66
ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur
erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am
mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens
romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli
Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa
konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе
1974)
Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis
asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-
tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25
asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
Sqeriani (azonaluria)
subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas
erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis
ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi
niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben
mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri
67
sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan
erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia
Semdegi sartylebiT
kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli
foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-
wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa
da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani
tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani
tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli
foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli
(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi
bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-
dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye
ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq
SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier
anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli
kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da
notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da
mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi
merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT
lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi
Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane
saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m
simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis
(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)
muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)
romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-
wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-
wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus
baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis
romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes
Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva
foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi
68
meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT
kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum
opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus
barbata Carpinus caucasica
mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane
iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis
Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic
xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis
SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro
iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian
Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus
maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis
tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza
gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv
Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri
suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)
romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki
SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria
agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze
xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT
yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis
saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus
balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов
1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da
sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani
safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi
mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur
cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant
Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula
69
forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva
balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi
buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali
mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv
kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis
Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii
Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea
spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula
europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon
orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica
zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da
tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso
uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze
xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi
gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina
Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album
Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da
sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium
majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul
ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica
aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani
safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba
ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da
balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am
safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic
rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri
faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils
iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi
Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)
70
11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirenti- fruticosa)
1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic
Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm
A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia
Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus
officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia
Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis
scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol
2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus
glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides
iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus
officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana
Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75
iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen
adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant
Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol
3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba
300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-
200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea
sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus
colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum
Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80
71
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris
incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol
wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba
rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde
erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi
wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli
da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris
wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis
tyis qvesartyeli
wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus
orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra
Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli
SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli)
qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium
arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus
lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus
lupulus Periploca graeca
balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom
tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur
sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva
cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT
xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi
mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT
xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan
iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia
strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir
Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben
balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli
saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga
72
cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum
buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum
Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita
pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul
adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo
tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv
wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)
21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)
iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides
sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
73
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica
Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia
qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90
iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum
Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina
Digitalis ferruginea - Sp
2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-
Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus
officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli
dafaruloba 30-35
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys
silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp
3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli
dafaruloba 50-70
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
74
sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)
dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer
laetum+Taxus baccata
iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R
hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80
iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli
dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana
intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp
5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia
150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera
colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos
iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli
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22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta
nuda herbosa)
1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron
ponticum
iarusi C ar aris
2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 700-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus
iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum
iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp
3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus
baccata
iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum
Hedera colchica
iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -
Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula
europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp
76
23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta
aestifruticosa)
1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=30 m Dt=52 sm A=140w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
rcxila Carpinus betulus
iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum
Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507
iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp
2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus
orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa
Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine
impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola
odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp
3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m
zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti
edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica
iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1
Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp
xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad
warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT
(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis
77
aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi
ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri
didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium
tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi
sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)
wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea
gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur
safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi
wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo
zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis
nakrZalSi)
sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)
wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana
Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa
da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis
78
lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis
SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur
suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan
safarSi ufro monawileobs
balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye
mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula
odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa
napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800
m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri
sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus
ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata
Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum
sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites
albus Calamintha grandiflora
wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi
sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye
yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia
Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis
monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus
grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv
wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)
31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip
iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
79
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus
Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia
Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp
2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana
damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40
iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon
Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2
sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
80
3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1700 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia
begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica Rusucus colchicus
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-1700 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (sur 315)
iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea
sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus
torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus
caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica
proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula
odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp
5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)
iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm
A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii
B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion
angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp
81
sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta
aestifruticosa)
1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 316)
iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea
sativa
iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata
Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1
Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp
82
sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
83
2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1000-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 317)
iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium
arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -
Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum
buplerioides ndashSp
3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba
70
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus
Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1
33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)
1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1400 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 318)
iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)
doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus
avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60
iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa
Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1
84
2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=
140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli
dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana
schischtocalyx- Cop1
sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti
edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus
85
iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia
strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta
Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2
34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)
1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)
dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica
iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli
2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1200 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus
Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1
3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=
110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-
femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis
abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1
86
4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-
mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum
iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca
montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium
psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2
5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betuluss+Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus
Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-
Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp
6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana
Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus
caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum
asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2
87
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa
gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da
TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli
Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis
merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri
sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma
unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da
ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki
gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur
319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera
damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~
uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da
warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex
colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es
cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis
namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis
uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT
mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli
88
sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~
Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia
Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv
7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-
1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus
colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex
colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera
colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides
iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis
scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp
subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde
vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod
kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili
(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili
(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli
tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia
romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da
buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF
Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli
romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri
subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis
elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT
saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi
subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad
specifikuri tipebi
subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da
warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri
meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT
89
am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri
dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da
aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum
orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii
swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos
subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT
arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT
tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod
mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi
monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer
trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula
buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi
monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes
alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv
kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi
magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro
xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve
gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris
oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum
Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da
RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum
nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv
maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii
C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari
polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene
ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P
nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima
Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha
Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva
90
subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc
tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad
gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi
arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis
samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi
gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе
Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod
mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S
colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum
Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum
Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum
Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv
subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da
maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba
rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia
Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis
Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus
caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT
erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli
dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis
friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da
dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad
cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi
formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi
adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac
ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq
gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul
dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla
aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G
psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv
91
ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad
gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii
Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum
Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian
adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana
Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum
Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs
samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze
gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina
da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio
pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv
subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)
41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca
proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella
Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1
42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)
1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa
subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
92
iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus
iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum
Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx
Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2
Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1
subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti
batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis
(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT
saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis
subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi
cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi
romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul
aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum
nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus
nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens
Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S
cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata
Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H
sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda
maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal
saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla
elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv
93
zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-
lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs
uwodeben
subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar
gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri
mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT
Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-
nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi
marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum
odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum
alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs
saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali
ferdobebi uWiravT
marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan
erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica
grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba
tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze
ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-
qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts
Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad
gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia
A albana da sxv
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras
(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari
kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica
Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale
Potentilla erecta da sxv
saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-
dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras
saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium
94
Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus
astrantiefolius da sxv
sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari
polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria
latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur
mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze
gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic
mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine
seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi
aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m
daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко
Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis
dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis
mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis
uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov
1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT
aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba
romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo
raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT
iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi
95
kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele
muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT
romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan
gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18
gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni
arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572
gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-
38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens
cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis
dacul teritoriebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)
taqsonomiuri jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta
13 18 29
Spermatophyta
103 574 865
Gymnospermae
3 2 5
Angiospermae
100 572 861
Dicotyledones
83 494 721
Monocotyledones
17 78 140
sul
116 593 894
96
rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis
erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac
daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri
struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis
konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus
Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8
cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi
urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri
mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi
liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi
Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794
3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255
97
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27
iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis
nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian
balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba
maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare
xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi
balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106
(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze
didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani
mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi
merqniani saxeobebia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi
kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli
evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri
elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo
formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi
xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad
Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki
Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-
98
rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-
lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia
warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-
s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da
evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom
nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)
99
diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad
dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306
gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3221)
cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi
erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi
SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba
romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66
Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22
Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 544 - s Seadgens
taqsonomiuri
jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta 13 16 25
Spermatophyta 93 289 496
Gymnospermae 1 1 1
Angiospermae 92 288 495
Dicotyledones 76 242 428
Monocotyledones 16 46 67
sul 107 306 522
100
M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222
cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive
florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da
Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT
gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli
parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT
mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi
zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-
alpuri sartylebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 66 126 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 35 67 Poaceae 146 794
3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 16 3 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255
101
floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic
esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-
5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa
sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT
urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri
parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-
buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 419
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 116
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 36
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 20
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod
maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935
wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi
marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini
raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier
gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian
bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris
elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419
(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)
mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo
102
formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca
gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens
xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-
67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-
65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3221)
kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk
diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris
msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis
floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara
103
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi
mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis
floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi
acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul
originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo
romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT
aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia
mocemulia danarTi 1-Si
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis
moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1
mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis
1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
floris endemebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa
da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-
bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur
floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-
genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-
reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken
endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia
da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis
104
dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis
sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad
ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris
floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad
migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs
saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis
geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis
M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa
warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s
Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)
sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba
sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili
orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 42 ojaxsa da 97 gvarSi
saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13
Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum
Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT
arian warmodgenili
mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo
formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT
Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba
aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis
endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis
amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul
teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze
endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446
kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9
saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis
endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans
diagramaze (diagrama 331)
105
kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan
kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5
aWaris-3
mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22
(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2
kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas
erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis
amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis
umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris
warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi
Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var
adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana
swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria
dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas
kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic
mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum
arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum
cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora
swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur
sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
106
diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis
mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba
bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da
arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal
bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan
erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero
ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi
dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri
Tanafardoba
ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali
frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis
mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa
da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT
heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis
niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze
107
yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca
swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad
daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli
ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew
ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da
cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes
XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier
floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da
kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo
romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da
gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili
eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis
Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad
garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli
monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze
muSaoba
elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan
dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa
da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac
umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis
rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis
winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia
Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da
habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba
uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama
mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-
108
neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis
farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa
mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli
ekoregionis mravalferovnebas
1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom
miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa
gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara
samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma
gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da
msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis
komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva
sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac
saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi
EX ndash gadaSenebuli
EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli
CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi
EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi
VU ndash mowyvladi
NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi
LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas
DD ndash arasruli monacemebi
NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli
saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi
gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli
aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi
2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso
wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im
kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba
gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT
109
wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa
ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac
saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas
saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56
saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia
aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus
sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne
albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya
carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus
pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica
Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea
orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)
veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia
mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G
woronowii)
kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa
da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom
kintiSis dacul teritoriebze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya
pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa
110
Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria
pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus
decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii
Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 69 saxeoba (248 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 8 saxeoba (80 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana
Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G
woronowii
cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa
konservaciis statusi
konservaciis statusi
kintriSi Mmtirala NP
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006
11 - (VU)
2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)
sul 13 12
kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012
151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)
8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)
6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)
6 -(DD) -
111
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis
daavadebebi
bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil
daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens
mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe
2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda
muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo
foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda
1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -
1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -
1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))
1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))
3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)
4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)
sul 185 60
IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo
1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend
decreasing)
1 - ( Near Threatened ver
31 Pop trend
decreasing)
2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver
31)
1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver
23 (needs updating))
1 - (Lower Risknear
threatened ver 23 (needs
updating))
2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver
23 (needs updating)
2 - Lower Riskleast
concern ver 23 (needs
updating)
1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend
stable
sul 205 78
112
mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)
70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs
soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi
espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli
daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul
teritoriebzec gavrcelda
dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis
fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia
rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi
teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari
mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa
da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba
kenwerodan (sur 425 426)
qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad
axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi
pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels
SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve
cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis
zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi
maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis
parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)
113
sur 421 sur 422
sur 423 sur 424
sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi
sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza
sur 423 paTogenurobis testi
sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola
sur 425 sur 426
114
sur 427 sur 428
sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi
sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili
sur 428 gamoCekili matli
aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da
tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da
dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an
inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli
mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis biologiuri meTodi
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi)
aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic
kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da
Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas
ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi
sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo
erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris
miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia
115
misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT
Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT
aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma
da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da
mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da
sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo
sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs
iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad
aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva
saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe
Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi
(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10
reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130
mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)
reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)
saxeoba (cxrili 431)
cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT
klasi
aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep
sul
(100) sul sul
FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130
amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400
reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370
116
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis
20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4
(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37
(51) saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da
cxrili 433 ndashSi
aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni
(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos
Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia
clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus
(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus
migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni
(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula
parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra
rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300
ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510
s u l 596 158 260 174 290
117
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba
Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter
brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)
Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)
Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica
(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia
derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)
Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis
apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)
Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra
lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis
Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi
118
sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT
dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN
(IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul 15 17
119
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+
4bcde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN
(Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU
(B2ab(iiiii)
sul
34 36
120
cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi
konservaciuli statusi
saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa
(2006)
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
1 2 3 4 5
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC
Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977)
EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)
121
gagrZeleba cxrili 432
1 2 3 4 5
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)
VU (D1) EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)
VU (D1) LC
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC
- 121 -
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4b
cde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)
sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
34 36
- 122 -
sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi
sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
- 123 -
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis
yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)
dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis
Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17
erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10
erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi
Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)
cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT)
cxovelis saxeoba
IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt
arCvi Rupicapra
rupicapra
LC ver 31 Pop
trend unknown
2010 weli
2012 weli
2010 weli
2012 weli
91 112 170 170 (200)
wavi Lutra
lutra
NT ver 31 Pop
trend decreasing
15 32 135 135(150)
mura daTvi
Ursus arctos
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
95 83 80 86
mgeli Canis
lupus
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
16 27
5 5
kverna Martes
foina M
martes
LC ver 31) Pop
trend stable
160 168 145 155
kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus
anomalus
LC ver 31 165 265 72 75
- 124 -
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis
kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi
ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli
qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis
koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10
wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели
В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П
Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis
intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad
nadgurdeba
wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan
rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g
gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri
daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba
marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT
koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis
aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis
(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas
aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4
aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)
wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze
mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas
da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria
agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)
monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba
- 125 -
mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT
warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II
generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva
wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve
wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli
cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis
periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952
Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel
rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad
moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni
viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze
arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis
mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis
TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi
erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali
warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri
RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT
anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba
sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli
merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-
mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis
Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si
wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis
Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad
SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis
saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane
qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi
rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT
pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver
- 126 -
viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis
susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli
rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna
dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis
Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari
saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic
ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT
es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)
ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac
naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)
naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba
wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv
jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis
TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi
gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da
mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva
warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis
stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT
wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc
samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan
sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi
gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs
Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani
wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07
sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs
(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels
xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels
- 127 -
sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
128
cxrili 511
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
D
daculi teritoria
sf
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis daxriloba
(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)
boniteti
koromis Semadgen-loba
qvetyis dafaruloba
() sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis Sefaseba
(Гулисашвили
1956)
saxeoba
1-10sm
11-30sm
31-50sm
gt 51
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
1
850 sd 15-20
Castanetum
azaleosum TesliTi
81-100 I-II
10wb+rc+nZ
20
06-07
wabli
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
saukeTeso
sul
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
129
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
2
980
Crd
20-250
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum
TesliTi
100-120
II-III
8wb1wf
1rcx+nZ
45
07-08
wabli
850
168
1400
277
2020
400
780
155
5050
100
susti
wifeli
-
-
320
299
-
-
750
701
1070
100
rcxila
-
-
120
632
-
-
70
368
190
100
naZvi
-
-
60
375
-
-
100
625
160
100
sul
850
131
1900
294
2020
312
1700
263
6470
100
130
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 3
560 Crd 15-200
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum TesliTi
120 II
9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70
05
wabli
80
79
560
555
150
149
220
217
1010
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
70
292
-
-
170
708
240
100
rcxila
-
-
160
470
70
206
110
324
340
100
sul 80
50
790
500
210
133
500
317
1580
100
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 4
800 samxdas 25-30-400
Castanetum
rubosum TesliTi
90 III
7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80
04
wabli
-
-
-
-
70
368
120
632
190
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
140
341
210
512
60
147
410
100
sul -
-
140
233
280
467
180
300
600
100
- 131 -
rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad
mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi
ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da
axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba
cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-
05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni
pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis
asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba
tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis
kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi
wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)
bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi
boniteti
mozardis
xnovaneba (weli )
mozardis simaRlis statistikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
M saS
metri
Mm
metri
nimuSebis
raodenoba
1 2 3 4 5
maRali
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(ielis qvetyiT)
1 0-10 002 3
2 11-30 003 3
3 31-50 004 3
5 50 da gt 006 6
saSualo
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(Sqeris qvetyiT)
2 0-10 002 3
3 11-30 003 3
4 31-50 004 3
7 50 da gt 006 6
- 132 -
v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash
saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf
3-4 ndash Zlier sustia
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis
sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi
iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava
mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa
dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi
romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs
daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari
aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa
wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis
transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis
wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis
Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane
qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT
wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da
Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v
mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da
sxvaTa SromebSi
aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba
damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT
dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash
zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze
eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi
gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000
- 133 -
ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba
gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi
cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da
xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze
dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis
Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )
iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul
tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis
Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da
ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili
tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari
Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)
rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul
biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi
mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze
adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)
mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-
zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani
safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad
formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis
6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da
15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi
gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)
tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)
sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT
xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti
proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis
Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze
- 134 -
meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze
naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)
dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis
SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba
11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan
SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi
ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m
simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi
mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis
Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis
sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli
bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
135
cxrili 521
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
daculi
teritoria
sf
asociacia
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis
daxriloba
(gradusi)
Kkoromis
Semadgenloba
qvetyis
dafaruloba ()
saburvelis
Sekruloba
sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba
cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis
Sefaseba
saxeoba
lt05
06-15
gt15
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
1
Fagetum
rhododendrosum
920
Crd das
250
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
2300
730
700
222
150
48
3150
100
susti rc
-
-
120
75
40
25
160
100
sul
2300
695
820
248
190
57
3310
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
2
Fagetum rubosum
860
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
8800
259
16800
494
8400
247
34000
100
kargi rcx
50
169
170
576
75
255
295
100
sul
8850
258
16970
495
8475
247
34295
100
136
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
3
Fagetum- Carpine-
to azalesum
1223
Crd
250
8wf+2rcx
30
09
07
wf
rcx
3100
233
280
718
6800
511
110
282
3400
256
-
-
13300
100
390
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 3380
247
6910
505
3400
248
13690
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
4
Fagetum festuco-
sum
1780
samx aRm
350
10wf+rcx
+nk
20
06
05
wf
rcx
5370
303
320
615
8650
488
130
250
3700
209
70
135
17720
100
520
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 5690
312
8780
481
3770
207
18240
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
5
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 875
Crd das
150
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
rcx
1500
893
50
303
180
107
70
424
-
-
45
273
1680
100
165
100
susti sul 1550
840
250
135
45
25
1845
100
137
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
6
Fagetum rubosum
900
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
rcx
8800
259
120
414
16800
494
80
276
8400
247
90
310
34000
100
290
100
kargi
sul 8920
182
16880
348
8490
176
34290
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
7
Fagetum -Carpine-
to azalesum
1100
Crd
300
7wf3rcx+wb
30
08
07
wf
rcx
2200
193
70
778
5800
509
20
222
3400
298
-
-
11400
100
90
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 2270
197
5820
507
3400
296
11490
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
8
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 380
Crd das
250
8wf2rcx+Tx
70
06
04
wf
rcx
200
741
80
727
70
259
30
273
-
-
-
-
270
100
110
100
Zlier susti
sul
280
737
100
263
-
-
380
100
138
mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da
mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva
asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac
aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi
ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis
saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis
mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)
mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi
mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba
wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac
gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba
xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo
pirobebi
aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-
radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri
SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis
mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT
139
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis
Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-
istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli
elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis
2 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad
saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur
periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba
kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi
mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi
ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely
wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi
naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli
daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani
saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis
sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur
(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis
arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli
qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-
sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac
miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve
rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom
iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian
140
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-
sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi
flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris
sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda
5 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- Sqeriani (azonaluria)
- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul
parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da
maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi
fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)
141
7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum
rhododendrosum
- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)
- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)
- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)
- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan
- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)
- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)
Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari
(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)
8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum)
- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan
- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)
142
- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum
- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)
Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba
- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)
- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)
- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)
- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)
- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)
- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone
formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas
erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha
farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane
saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri
muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges
(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT
9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia
Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da
dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan
erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris
endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan
erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto
caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT
(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli
xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari
(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva
10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis
literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi
143
warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa
da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq
warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100
ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38
Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis
555 - s Seadgens
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia
Senecio Cardamine-8
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 115 (128) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac
fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-
Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da
gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi
mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s
Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT
warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens
kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis
romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis
didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia
warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili
398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens
144
romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli
elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis
flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda
rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi
erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13
ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani
522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-
35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21
Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s
Seadgens
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6
Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani
floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-
32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea
balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)
orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi
procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia
145
warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli
floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-
winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire
aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10
saxeoba-19
12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)
frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum
(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter
brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus
cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)
Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco
tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)
Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
146
13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70) reptiliebis 10 (41)
frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34) saxeoba
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo
fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton
ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)
Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis
(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans
(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco
naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus
anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra
(LC)
14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo
(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-
dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi
Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis
lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri
ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde
15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da
mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
147
xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo
(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)
16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia
struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi
susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da
pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da
wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da
maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da
rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis
Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis
muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba
simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane
qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)
maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian
rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa
ganviTarebuli
yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da
sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar
asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis
wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi
(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia
17 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis
amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36
mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23
higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba
18 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia
148
carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29
qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6
19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-
neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis
adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes
ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi
mimdinareoba
20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo
zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge
meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva
simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli
rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi
21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-
nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis
ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze
fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-
debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis
efeqturi RonisZiebebi
22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri
mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo
potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles
yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-
saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo
koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da
saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze
dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi
149
Ggamoyenebuli literatura
1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442
gv
2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962
442 gv
3 batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1944
batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi
saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv
4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi
2002 280 gv
5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis
balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis
ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t
XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)
6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli
eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst
Sro t II gv 32-42
7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri
faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi
Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001
8 bunebis matiane
200820092010
ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo
9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a
buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv
10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis
yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi
saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani
sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi
tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81
11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi
da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi
Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009
150
12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi
da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati
biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2002 31 gv
13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis
Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes
Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18
14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis
biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da
landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv
69-82
15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis
xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi
ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV
1987
16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa
aWarardquo gv 2-3
17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da
saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba
saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis
Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23
18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo
II gamocema Tbilisi 1974
19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze
wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis
ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis
mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis
SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-
praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54
20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa
samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv
347-351
21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis
foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo
151
30 Tbilisi gv 352-355
22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze
mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa
zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli
universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis
instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194
23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis
mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo
universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli
sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239
24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba
`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv
25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi
baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv
26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi
tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19
27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos
flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003
28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
29 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba
1961 249gv
31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris
ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl
meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1994 16gv
32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis
niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis
botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi
~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176
152
33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli
subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis
gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero
SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24
34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris
subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli
formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb
baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi
(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2
baTumi gv 173-181
35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis
fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos
botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli
respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-
13
36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri
sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos
niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28
37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia
wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37
38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris
mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004
59 gv
39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da
mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da
mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38
40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora
mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo
(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28
41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi
153
subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-
aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambe t 18) gv 12-15
42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri
Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis
axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero
konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi
tomi V gv 5-8
43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis
zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis
dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi
1964 (rusul enaze)
44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis
maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da
fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~
1971 200 gv
46 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis
biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli
ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba
ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119
48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi
mecniereba 1965 552 gv
49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria
samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi
gv 267-281
50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis
bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-
40
51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli
ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi
1998
154
52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi
Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163
53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi
mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134
54 falavandiSvili
1987
falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da
maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa
aWara~ 1987 104 gv
55 falavandiSvili
1993
falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri
gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli
kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa
doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1993 27 gv
56 falavandiSvili
2004
falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi
ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv
57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv
58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria
Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ
59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168
გვ
60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis
mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997
487 gv
61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli
procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis
problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288
62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi
teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba
samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)
Tbilisi 2010 gv 42-43
63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi
universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88
64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv
65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis
flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri
sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9
155
66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv
123
67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг
лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной
биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-
Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе
таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы
научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса
Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт
2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус
68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~
1896 кн 1 стр 22
69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
70 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов
буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии
Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129
72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических
исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем
Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-
конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с
56-60 Рус
73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой
(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны
природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных
территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-
практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008
Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус
74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая
оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и
таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с
164-169 Рус рез англ
75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных
сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния
экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады
Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006
156
Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус
76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного
Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3
Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1
Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус
77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер
по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на
слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та
леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107
78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском
ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического
садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51
79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования
юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения
тр Воронежского государственного университета
Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237
80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных
лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та
Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31
81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический
журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193
82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и
экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой
природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах
Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез
англ
83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков
Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5
с 22-26
84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -
исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр
85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат
1956 354 стр
86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М
1956 354 стр
87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях
чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз
филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр
88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и
их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-
во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449
157
стр
89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление
буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)
Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72
90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии
ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр
91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси
bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр
92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв
Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472
93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на
Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900
32 стр
94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363
96 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические
указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974
Тбилиси стр 8-109
98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия
лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с
ил Рус
99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и
особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические
культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155
100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского
филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933
3 стр 66-70
101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз
ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-
196
102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная
субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913
стр31-44
103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира
ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности
1906 стр175-193
104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС
158
серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии
ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР
1935 стр 1-32
105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т
4 стр 132-145
106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр
104-112
107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия
геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР
М-Л 1936 стр 1-46
108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и
разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал
Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-
163
109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных
воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии
Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29
Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42
110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции
деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и
каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат
диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22
стр
111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -
хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262
стр
112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности
горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии
Тбилиси 1982 191 стр
113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности
Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр
114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и
использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44
115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа
М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр
116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья
Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во
159
Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр
117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень
дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус
118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов
Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV
Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-
13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ
119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии
Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347
120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв
Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр
121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского
ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические
особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры
Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского
ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136
122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр
ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38
стр
123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных
субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр
124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья
Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39
125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М
Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр
126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и
биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)
Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического
мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы
Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып
4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус
127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
128 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР
тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453
130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo
Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр
160
131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов
и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного
Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое
будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-
Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-
297 Рус рез англ
132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L
Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей
природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117
133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ
Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта
Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31
Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163
134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к
дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества
испытателей природы т110 6 2005
135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к
анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов
Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус
рез англ
136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной
флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст
137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных
условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и
безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79
138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of
the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and
Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ
139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и
геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе
Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka
a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz
Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез
англ
140 Cullotta Sebastiano
2007
Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов
леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне
на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity
assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur
J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ
161
141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey
Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali
Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in
tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-
1181 Англ
142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the
former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp
143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile
thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen
Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388
144 Grandtner Miroslaw
2006
Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев
Северной Америки North American native tree species
diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ
145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo
Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a
Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N
79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп
146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist
Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005
147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz
Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p
148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz
Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)
Tbilisi 2010 36p
149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University
press 1997 858 pp
150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E
Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the
spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N
10 с 1729-1749 Англ
151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild
grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6
No 2 pp 93-164
152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N
IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)
Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-
123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm
153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и
рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических
162
и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их
экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for
biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest
plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework
Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ
154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest
biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with
cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and
indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез
фр
155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus
Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103
156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri
Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The
Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro
2005
Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian
Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных
разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране
Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests
of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480
158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua
Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на
острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007
27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ
159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A
(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed
by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006
160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity
Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251
161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель
оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного
вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa
ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ
162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain
Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of
vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178
163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის
მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების
პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი
ბარათი 1994
2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации
163
лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений
питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами
содействия естественному возобновлению 1977
ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21
164 eleqtronuli
informaciebi
1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da
Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos
mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19
Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge
httpwwwnacresorg
2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული
პროგრამაNEAP2
httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi
nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge
3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas
erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i
d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350
4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis
sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996
wN003 http wwwparliamentge)
5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~
httpwwwgaremoitdcge
6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist
7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
httpwwwbiodivorg
8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~
WWF-international WCMC 1997
9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development
of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-
2010
httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu
sshtml CEPF final project completion report
httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl
antspdf
10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living
planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg
11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi
a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc
asus_Region)
164
12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg
13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu
spdf
14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-
ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)
15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve
16 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification
html
165
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia
ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo
forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi
1 5 6 7 8
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f
Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f
Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f
Aviride Huds P H J r
Aworonowii Christ P HJ r
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f
Athyriaceae Alst
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r
Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f
Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel
Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f
Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f
Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic
Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f
Doreades Fomin P H srsh
Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f
Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f
Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r
P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f
Equisetaceae Rich ex DC
Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms
Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f
Huperziaceae Rothm
Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f
Hymenophyllaceae Link
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f
166
Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli
Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f
Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb
Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m
Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf
Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli
Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f
Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf
Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl
Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr
Pteridaceae Reichen
Pteris cretica L P CD f
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr
Jsabina L ђ H fr
Pinaceae Lindl
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f
Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f
Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f
Taxaceae SFGray
Taxus baccata L yen C f
A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)
Aceraceae Juss
Acer campestre L yen CDFH f
Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f
Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f
Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian
Amaranthaceae Juss
Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd
Ahyrbidus L CDF rd
Aretroflexus L CDF rd
Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)
Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm
Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian
167
Apium graveolens L C srd
Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian
Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm
Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs
Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm
Carum carvi L CDFH m
Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr
Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr
Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs
Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh
Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv
Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs
Daucus carota L CDFH frd
Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian
Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m
Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss
Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic
Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)
Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms
Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs
Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh
Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh
Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh
Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f
Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh
P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh
Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs
Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f
Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz
Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f
Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh
Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd
168
Apocynaceae Juss
Vinca minor L bull C f
Aquifoliaceae Bartl
Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh
Araliaceae Juss
Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f
Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f
Aristolochiaceae Juss
Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic
Asclepiadaceae RBr
Periploca graeca L L AB f
Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian
Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs
Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)
Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f
Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf
Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh
Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs
Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs
Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m
Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r
Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian
Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian
Atinctoria L bull C r
Arctium lappa L BC ss
Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn
Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal
Aster alpinus L bull HJ m
Anovae-angliae L bull C ss
Anovi- belgii L bull C ss
Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm
Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd
Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf
Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss
Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f
C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f
169
Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd
Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd
Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv
Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf
Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm
Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic
Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic
Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd
Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs
Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh
Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic
Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m
Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m
Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m
Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian
Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m
Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al
C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal
Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic
Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs
Csetosa Hallfil C ssf
Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv
Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh
Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic
Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs
Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian
Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh
Euniflorus L bull H m
Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f
Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr
Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn
170
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al
Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn
Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian
Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic
Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m
H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm
H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm
Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm
Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs
Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm
Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f
Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm
Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f
Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm
Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf
Inula britannica L bull C ss
Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh
Ihelenium L bull F fsh
Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic
Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm
Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm
Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian
Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f
Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh
Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd
Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm
Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum
Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr
O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr
sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh
Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f
Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv
Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh
Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic
171
Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian
Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m
Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm
Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r
Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s
Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs
Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs
Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh
Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s
Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd
Svulgaris L CDEF rd
Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh
Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f
Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd
Soleraceus L CDF rdal
Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian
S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic
S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian
Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian
Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m
Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv
Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian
Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs
Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd
Xstrumarium L CDF frd
Balsaminaceae ARich
Impatiens noli-tangere L H f
Berberidaceae Torz et Grey
Berberis vulgaris L yen H f
Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr
Betulaceae SF Gray
Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f
Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f
Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f
Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic
Boraginaceae Juss
172
Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f
Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs
Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm
Cofficinale L CDH bs
Echium vulgare L CDFH rd
echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m
Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd
Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs
Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal
Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr
Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic
Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd
Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic
Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh
Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic
Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum
(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian
Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian
Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian
S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian
Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh
Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms
Bplantaginea DC H m
Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd
Brassica campestris L CDFH al
Bunias orientalis L CDF m
Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd
Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh
Cimpatiens L CDFH f
Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f
Cparviflora L CD sssrd
Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f
173
Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss
Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f
Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms
Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd
Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f
Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f
Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r
Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r
Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd
Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv
Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian
Buxaceae Dumort
Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic
Campanulaceae Juss
Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f
C alpigena CKoch bull H bs
C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian
Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs
Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f
Clatifolia L bull H m
Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Cannabinaceae Endl
Humulus lupulus L bull CD f
Caprifoliaceae Juss
Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f
Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f
Caryophyllaceae Juss
Agrostemma githago L CDF al
Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh
Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd
Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms
Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv
Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal
Coreades Schischk bull H msh
Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh
Dianthus armeria L CDFH f
174
Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs
Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs
Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs
G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs
Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian
Herniaria glabra L bull H fr
Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm
Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh
Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr
Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian
Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh
Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr
Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm
Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms
Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs
Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m
Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm
Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm
Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr
Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs
Soxysepala Boiss C al
Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh
Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms
Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs
Suncinatus Schur H bs
Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf
Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm
Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r
Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs
Stellaria holostea L bull C fr
Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd
Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf
Capparaceae Juss
Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn
Celastraceae RBr
Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f
175
Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f
Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian
Chenopodiaceae Vent
Chenopodium album L CDFH al
Chbotrys L CD snrd
Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd
Convolvulaceae Juss
Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh
Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f
Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal
Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr
Cornaceae Dumort
Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)
Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f
Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f
Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic
Corylaceae Mirb
Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f
Corientalis Mill ђyen C f
Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f
Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f
Crassulaceae DC
Sedum annuum L H r
Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r
Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs
Shispanicum L C r
Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh
S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh
Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs
Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r
Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba
Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r
Cuscutaceae Dumort
Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f
Ceuropaea L CDFH ral
Datiscaceae Lindl
176
Datisca cannabina L bull C f
Dipsacaceae Juss
Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian
Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f
Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf
Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv
Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic
S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic
Ebenaceae Guerke
Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f
Elaeagnaceae Juss
Empetraceae SGray
Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh
Ericaceae Juss
Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht
ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm
Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh
Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh
Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Acalypha australis L CDF rd
Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf
Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m
Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian
Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm
Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic
Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian
Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf
Estricta L bull CDF rd
Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms
Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr
Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)
177
Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m
Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn
Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m
Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f
Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm
Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs
Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic
Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic
Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf
Aincertus Ledeb bull H r
Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian
Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian
Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m
Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf
Lhirsutus L CDF rdr
Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f
Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm
Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian
L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn
Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss
Langustifolius L C ss
Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn
Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian
O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian
Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh
Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs
Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs
Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm
Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f
Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs
Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr
Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf
Trifolium arvense L C rd
Tcanescens Willd bull H fm
Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f
178
Tmedium L bull CDFH f
T pratense L bull CDFH mfr
Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm
Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd
Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms
Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd
Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic
Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm
Vcassubica L bull H f
Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv
Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian
Vsepium L bull CDFH shf
Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn
Fagaceae Dumort
Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f
Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f
Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian
Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic
Fumariaceae DC
Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m
Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr
Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f
Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh
Gentianaceae Juss
Gentiana aquatica L H m
Gcruciata L bull CDFH m
Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m
Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian
Gseptemfida Pall bull H m
Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m
Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian
Geraniaceae Juss
Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd
Geranium columbinum L CD rd
Gdissectum L CD sh
Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm
179
Gibericum Cav bull H shm
Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs
Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm
Grobertianum L CDFH fsh
Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh
Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)
Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr
Hypericaceae Juss
Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf
Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian
Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf
Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf
Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian
Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs
Hmontanum L bull CDFH f
Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf
xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf
Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth
Juglans regia L yen CDF f
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f
Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)
Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm
Aorientalis L bull H m
Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh
(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh
Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f
Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss
Cmenthifolia Host bull C f
Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f
Cvulgare L bull CDFH f
Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f
Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd
Gladanum L CDFH rd
Glechoma hederacea L bull C f
Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r
Lamium album L bull CDFH f
180
Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms
Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s
Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m
Mpulegium L bull CDF s
Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f
Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf
Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m
Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m
Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm
Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f
Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr
Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian
Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f
Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m
Stachys annua (L) L C rd
Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f
Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm
Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f
Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic
Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian
Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian
Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian
Lauraceae Juss
Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh
Linaceae Dum
Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m
Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m
Loranthaceae Juss
Viscum album L ђ CDF f
Lythraceae St-Hil
Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs
Malvaceae Juss
Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian
Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd
Msylvestris L bull CDF rd
Moraceae Link
181
Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic
Morus alba L yen C f
Mnigra L yen C f
Oleaceae HoffmggampLink
Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f
Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f
Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas
ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian
Onagraceae Juss
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv
Circaea alpina L bull H srf
C lutetiana L bull CDFH f
Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m
Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr
Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs
Emontanum L bull CDFH f
Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s
Orobanchaceae Vent
Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m
Oraddeana G Bec bull H f
Oramosa L C al
Oxalidaceae RBr
Oxalis acetosella L bull H f
Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd
Paeoniaceae Rudolphi
Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic
Papaveraceae Juss
Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd
Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r
Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs
Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd
Parnassiaceae SFGray
Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm
Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f
Phytolaccaceae RBr
Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh
182
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r
Planceolata L bull CDFH mss
Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd
Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs
Polygalaceae RBr
Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr
Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian
Polygonaceae Juss
Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m
Charkev)
subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m
Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss
P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss
Paviculare L CDFH rdalf
Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal
Ralpestris Jacq bull H m
Ralpinus L bull H m
Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd
Primulaceae Vent
Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd
Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian
Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs
Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian
Avillosa L bull HJ bsr
Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian
Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh
Primula algida Adams bull HJ m
Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss
Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh
Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian
Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh
Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian
Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f
Pyrolaceae Dumort
Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh
183
Pminor L bull H fsh
Protundifolia L bull H f
Ranunculaceae Juss
Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm
Aorientale Mill bull H m
Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian
Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m
Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian
Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m
Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s
Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m
Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f
Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian
Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian
Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian
Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian
Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian
Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic
Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian
Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms
Rbulbosus L bull C m
R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian
Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian
Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f
Rchius DC C D rd
Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian
Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m
Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf
Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm
Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m
Rhamnaceae Juss
184
Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr
Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic
Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r
Rosaceae Juss
Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f
Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m
Adura Bus bull H bs
Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian
Aobtegens Juz bull H m
Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m
Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs
Asericea Willd bull H shbs
Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr
Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic
Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm
Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f
Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs
Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd
Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f
Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh
Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv
Gurbanum L bull CDF m
Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh
Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f
Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f
Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm
Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic
Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm
Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic
Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm
Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf
Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m
Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf
Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic
Precta L bull CD rdm
185
Preptans L bull CDF rdm
Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian
Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f
Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f
Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian
Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh
Rcanina L ђ CDF fr
Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr
Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm
Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf
R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian
Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh
Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh
Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr
Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f
Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic
Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr
Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic
Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh
Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm
Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh
Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian
Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic
Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic
Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian
Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f
Rubiaceae Juss
Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm
A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr
Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr
Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r
G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss
G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f
Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal
Salicaceae Mirb
186
Populus tremula L yen CDFH f
Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f
Sapoda Trautv ђ H f
Scaprea L yen CDFH f
Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian
Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic
Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh
S nigra L ђ CDFH f
Santalaceae RBr
Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh
Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh
Saxifragaceae Juss
Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r
S cymbalaria L CDF srf
Sexarata Vill bull HJ r
Smoschata Wul bull HJ r
S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian
Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr
Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs
Scrophulariaceae Juss
Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian
Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh
E pectinata Ten CDFH msh
E petiolaris Wettst H rbs
Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic
Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian
Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr
Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr
Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic
Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m
Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m
Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh
P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh
Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m
P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm
187
Rhinanthus minor L J m
Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m
Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh
Silwensis C Koch H shms
Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf
Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f
Snodosa L bull C frd
Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd
Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r
S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f
Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian
Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh
Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn
Vthapsus L CDF m
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s
Varmena Boiss bull H s
Vbeccabunga L bull H s
Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic
Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd
Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh
Vhederifolia L C ssr
Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian
Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm
Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f
Vpersica Poir CDFH rd
Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd
Simaroubaceae DC
Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f
Solanaceae Juss
Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian
Datura stramonium L CDF rd
Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd
Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd
Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss
Solanum nigrum L CDF alss
188
Staphyleaceae Lindl
Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f
Thymelaeaceae Juss
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm
D glomerata Lam ђ H shm
D mezereum L ђ H f
D pontica L ђ CDF f
Tiliaceae Juss
Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil
T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f
Ulmaceae Mirb
Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD
Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f
Urticaceae Juss
Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf
Vacciniaceae SFGray
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh
Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh
Vuliginosum L ђ H m
V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m
Valerianaceae Batsch
Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf
Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic
Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian
Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs
Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian
Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd
Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss
Verbenaceae J St-Hil
Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd
Viburnaceae Rafin
Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh
V opulus L ђ CDFH f
V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh
Violaceae Batsch
Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f
189
V arvensis Murr CDFH rd
V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh
V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic
V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m
V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr
V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian
MONOCOTILEDONEAE
Alliaceae JAgardh +
Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr
Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian
Arotundum L bull CDF frbs
A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr
A ursinum L bull C f
Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian
Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian
Araceae Juss
Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum
(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh
Commelinaceae RBr
Commelina communis L C ssal
Convallariaceae Horan
Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f
Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f
P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f
Cyperaceae Juss
Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh
Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m
Cdigitata L bull C ffr
Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss
Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh
Cleporina L bull CDFH sms
Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian
C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m
Cpendula Huds bull CD f
Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh
Cpontica Albov bull H m
190
Cremota L bull CDF f
Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s
Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f
Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn
Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms
Dioscoreaceae RBr
Tamus communis L bull C f
Hyacinthaceae Batsch
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic
Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic
Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf
Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic
Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm
Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic
Iridaceae Juss
Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m
Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m
Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic
Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m
Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s
J bufonius L CDFH s
Jeffusus L bull CDFH f
Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh
L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m
Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f
Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf
pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m
Liliaceae Juss
Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic
F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian
Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic
Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic
varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic
191
Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr
Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m
Melanthiacaea Batsch
Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)
SchueblampMartens] bull H m
Orchidaceae Juss
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh
Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f
Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f
Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf
Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm
Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms
D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh
invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m
Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh
Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh
Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f
Orchis pallens L bull H m
O picta Loisel bull H m
Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m
Poaceae Barnhart
Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd
Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f
Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal
Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m
Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh
Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s
Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch
Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs
flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh
Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m
Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata
(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs
Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m
192
B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m
Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh
Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss
Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s
Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal
Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal
Cechinatus L GH fmsh
Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh
Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn
Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn
Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal
Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss
Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s
Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr
Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh
F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh
Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr
Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh
Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m
Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh
Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s
Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian
Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m
Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh
Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss
Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm
Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus
europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f
Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m
Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic
Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian
Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m
193
Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f
Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian
Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal
Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs
Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr
Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m
Poa annua L bull H ms
Palpina L bull H m
P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr
Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf
Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr
Psupina Schrad H mms
Ptrivialis L bull C ms
Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)
Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides
(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr
Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f
Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf
Potamogetonaceae Dumort
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s
Pnatans L bull H s
Ruscaceae Hutch
Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh
R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh
Smilacaceae Vent
Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh
Trilliaceae Lindl
Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh
194
danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi
xe (yen)
buCqi (ђ)
xe an buCqi (yenђ)
liana (L)
gvimra (P)
erTwliani balaxovnebi ()
orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)
habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd
D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd
F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd
H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi
wmndash Warbteniani mdelo
sc ndash scree
m ndash mdelo
fm ndash tye- mdelo
fr ndash tye-klde
r ndash klde
sr ndash sveli kldeebi
bs-qva-RorRi
hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba
endemuroba
Caucasian-kavkasiis
Kolchic-kolxeTis
Georgian-saqarTvelos
Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis
Ajaraian- aWaris
195
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
შახეობა
ჩრდილის
ამტანი
სინათლის
მოყვარული
სითბოს
მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch
ქონდარა ღვია + + +
Jsabina L
კაზაკური ღვია + + +
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი + + +
Taxus baccata L
უთხოვარი + + +
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი + + +
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე + + +
A trautveterii Medw
მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Rhus coriaria L
თუთუბო + + +
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი + + +
Berberis vulgaris L
კოწახური + + +
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +
196
Aincana (L) Moench
ნაცარა მურყანი + + +
Betula litwinowii Doluch
ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +
B medwedewii Regel
მედვედევის არყი + + +
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა + + +
Lonicera caprifolium L
ჯიქა + +
Ljaponica Thunb
იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +
L caucasica Pall
წერწა + + +
Euonymus europaea L
კიდობანა + + +
Elatifolia (L) Mill
ტაბლაყურა + + +
E leiophloea Stev
ჭანჭყატი + + + +
Swida australis (CAMey)
შინდანწლა + + +
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა + + +
Corientalis Mill
ჯაგრცხილა + + +
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა + + +
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall
დეკა + + +
Rluteum Sweet
იელი + +
+
Rponticum L + + +
197
პონტოური შქერი
Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze
სოხაძის შქერი + +
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი +
+
Robinia pseudacacia L
ცრუაკაცია + + +
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა + + +
Q pontica CKoch
პონტოური მუხა + + +
Ribes alpinum L
მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +
Hypericum androsaemum L
კრაზანა + + +
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე + + +
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk
ლაფანი + + +
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი + + +
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +
Foxycarpa Willd
კავკასიური იფანი + + +
Ligustrum vulgare L
კვიდო + + +
198
L japonicum Thunb
იაპონური კვიდო
Clematis vitalba L
კატაბარდა + + +
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი + + +
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი + + +
Cerasus avum (L) Moench
ბალამწარა + + +
Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem
წყავი + + +
Mespilus germanica L
ზღმარტლი + + +
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი + + +
Pyracantha coccinea MRoem
ჩიტავაშლა + + +
Pyrus balansae Decne
ბერყენა + + +
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი + + +
Rosa boissieri Crep
ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +
Rcanina L
ასკილი + + +
Rcorymbifera Borkh
ასკილი
Rubus caucasicus Focke
კავკასიური მაყვალი + +
R woronowii (Surde) Surde
ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +
Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss
ჭნავი + + +
Spiraea japonica Lfil
იაპონური გრაკლა + + +
199
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
Salix alba L
წნორი + + +
Scaprea L
მდგნალი + +
S caucasica Anderss
ტირიფი + + +
Sambucus nigra L
დიდიგულა + + +
Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle
ხემყრალა + + +
Staphylea pinnata L
ჟონჯოლი + +
Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb
იალღუნი
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed
ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +
Dmezereum L
მაჯაღვერი + + +
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი + + +
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა + + +
Uscarba Mill
თელამუში + + +
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი + + +
Vuliginosum L
ლურჯი მოცვი + + +
Viburnum lantana L + + +
200
უზანი
Vopulus L
ძახველი + +
+
Vitis vinifera L
ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა + +
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო + + +
Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)
ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +
Hpastuchowii Woronow
პასტუხოვის სურო + +
201
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobis reliqturoba
სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული
პერიოდის
Yყინულოვანი
პერიოდის
პოლტავის
ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი
+
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი
+
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი
+
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი
+
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე
+
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი
+
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი
+
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა
+
Elatifolia (L) Mill
თაბლაყურა
+
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა
+
Corientalis Mill
ჟაგრცხილა
+
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი
+
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა
+
Rluteum Sweet +
202
იელი
Rponticum L
პონტოური შქერი
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი
+
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი
+
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ
+
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
+
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა
+
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე
+
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი
+
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი
+
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი
+
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი
+
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი
+
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი
+
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
+
Salix alba L
ჭნორი
+
Scaprea L
მდგნალი
+
Staphylea pinnata L
ჯონჯოლი
+
Dmezereum L +
203
მაჯაღვერი
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი
+
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი
+
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა
+
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი
+
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი
+
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა
+
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო
+
- 204 -
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia
sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება
ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)
ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812
ქორდიანები
ხერხემლიანები
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
1 2 3 4
რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +
რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი
ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი
Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +
ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი
Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +
ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი
Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +
Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +
Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +
რიგი Esociformes -
- 205 -
ოჯახი Esocidae -
Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +
ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +
ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +
რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +
კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები
რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +
რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +
ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +
ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +
ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +
კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები
ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +
Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +
ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +
- 206 -
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977) თურქული ხვლიკი
+
ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +
Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი
Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +
ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი
Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +
კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები
რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +
რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი
ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +
რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +
Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +
რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი
ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი
Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +
Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +
Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +
Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +
რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი
ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +
- 207 -
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +
Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +
Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +
Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოკარკაზი
+ +
ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი
Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +
Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +
ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +
რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი
ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +
ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი
Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +
რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი
- 208 -
ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი
Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +
ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი
Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია
Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია
Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +
ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +
რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი
ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი
Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +
რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი
ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +
რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი
ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი
Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +
Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +
Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +
Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +
რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +
რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი
Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +
რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი
ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +
ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +
- 209 -
რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი
ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი
Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +
რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი
Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg
1833) სირიული კოდალა
+
Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა
რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი
ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +
ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +
ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +
ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის
შაშვი
+ +
ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +
Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +
ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +
ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი
Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +
- 210 -
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +
ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი
Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +
Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +
ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +
ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +
Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი
მემატლია
+ +
Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +
ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +
ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი
Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +
Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +
ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი
Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +
Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +
ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +
ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი
Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +
Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +
Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +
ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +
- 211 -
ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +
Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოცეცხლა
+ +
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +
Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +
კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები
რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები
ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი
Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული
ზღარბი
+
ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი
Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +
Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +
ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი
Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +
Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +
რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები
ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა
Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე
Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +
Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი
ნატერერის მღამიობი
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +
- 212 -
Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი
ნათუზიუსის ღამორი
+ +
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +
რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი
ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +
Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი
რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები
ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი
Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)
მემინდვრია
+
Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +
ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი
Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +
Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +
Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +
Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +
Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +
ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +
Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +
ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +
რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები
ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +
Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +
ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +
ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი
- 213 -
Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +
Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +
ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +
რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები
ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +
ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი
Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +
ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი
- 214 -
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis
tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 215 -
danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 4 -
Sesavali
istoriuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad uZvelesi droidan saqarTveloSi
mravlad moipoveboda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis ew daculi teritoriebi
iqneboda es samefo saufliswulo Tu saTavado sanadiro savargulebi
strategiuli mniSvnelobis geografiuli adgilebi (tyeebi bunebis
Zeglebi iSviaTobebi da saocrebani cixe-koSkebis mimdebare teritoriebi
da aS) sanakrZalo reJims daqvemdebarebuli teritoriebi eklesia-
monastrebis da sxva religiuri adgilebis (salocavebi da sxv) irgvliv
arsebuli teritoriebi egreT wodebuli xatis tyeebi da wmindad
gamocxadebuli nakveTebi soflis safari tyeebi didi daqanebis (300 da
meti) cicabo da Zlier cicabo mTis ferdobebze romlebic SeiZleba
bunebis mavne zemoqmedebis stiqiuri movlenebis (wyaldidobebi zvavebi
Rvarcofebi erozia da aS) kerebad qceuliyvnen (aWaraSi maT iasaRsrdquo
anu akrZaluls eZaxian da soflis mosaxleoba mkacrad icavs)
(batoniSvili vaxuSti 1944 saxokia 1985)
istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT jer kidev meTormete saukuneSi
Tamar mefem zogierTi teritoriis dasacavad gamosca samefo brZaneba
xuTasi wlis Semdeg ki vaxtang IV-s kanonTa krebulirdquo moixseniebs
ldquoyoruRisrdquo teritorias rogorc dacvis obieqts iq akrZaluli iyo xeebis
moWra da seirnoba teritorias ki mcvelebi icavdnen
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis
Tvisobrivad axali etapi bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF)
teqnikuri daxmarebiT damoukideblobis aRdgenis droidan ndash 1991 wlidan
daiwyo TandaTan gadaidga Sesabamisi nabijebi am droisaTvis daculi
teritoriebis sistemis ganviTareba dafuZnebul iyo aRiarebuli da
aprobirebuli saerTaSoriso kategoriebis- konservaciis msoflio
kavSiris (IUCN ndash The World Conservation Union) rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad
daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebam gansakuTrebuli
dinamizmi ukanaskneli aTwleulis periodSi SeiZina da yovelive amis
Sedegad saqarTveloSi amJamad saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia daculi
- 5 -
teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 49731576 heqtars Seadgens rac Cveni
qveynis mTliani teritoriis daaxloebiT 7-ia
aWaraSi pirveli daculi teritoriebi _ kintriSisa da ciskaras
saxelmwifo nakrZalebi _ 1959 wels Seiqmna Tumca xanmokle periodis
Semdeg _ 1961 wels daudgeneli mizezebis gamo ndash ciskaras saxelmwifo
nakrZali gauqmda
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi dRes daarsebulia 4 kategoriis
daculi teritoria kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali (saerTo farTobiT
1070300 ha) kintriSis daculi landSafti (saerTo farTobiT 319000 ha)
mtiralas erovnuli parki (1580600 ha) maWaxelas erovnuli parki (873300
ha) qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali (33125 ha) da qobuleTis aRkveTili
(43875 ha) sul 3920200 ha rac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis (ar)
mTliani farTobis (2900 kvkm) 1351-s da aWaris a r tyiT dafaruli
farTobis (2013056 ha rac Seadgens aWaris ar mTliani teritoriis 694-
s) 1351-s Seadgens
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlis da misi Semdgomi monitoringis
prioritetul mimarTulebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi kavSiri
saerTaSoriso konvenciiT ldquobiologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxebrdquo (The
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 httpwwwcbdint ) Cveni qveynis mier
aRebul valdebulebebTan saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis
strategiiTa da moqmedebaTa gegmiT gansazRvrul habitatebis da
saxeobebis in situ da ex situ konservaciis samTavrobo prioritetTan
(saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da moqmedebis
gegma saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N27 2005 wlis 19 Tebervali
httpmoegovgefileslicenziabsap_gepdf) saqarTvelos garemos dacvis
moqmedebaTa mesame erovnul programasTan (NEAP-2 wwwaarhusge) aseve
sxva saerTaSoriso garemosdacviT konvenciebTan da programebTan
romelTa wevric aris saqarTvelo
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mravalferovnebis
tipologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Seswavla da grZelvadiani
- 6 -
konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero
da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens
Temis aqtualoba
cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia
Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa
siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis
Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-
erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel
wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-
giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis
siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L
Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis
dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic
gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa
da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis
gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu
daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben
dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur
tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)
amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es
monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli
saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi
uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris
(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT
sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis
farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)
gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT
niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas
erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc
- 7 -
florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-
dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi
teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis
gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da
mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess
Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash
dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma
momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam
Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT
eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis
aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi
teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri
(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in
situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias
Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi
teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis
piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali
xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi
formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis
(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli
teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur
struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze
gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis
kanonzomierebebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri
da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod
did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da
gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria
- 8 -
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi
kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis
saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis
Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani
saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis
dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis
biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis
damuSaveba
kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda
- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis
analizi
- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri
maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis
gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis
Sefaseba
- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi
da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis
kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
kvlevis meTodebi
tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis
meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis
(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g
naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)
Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi
tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad
eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac
gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo
- 9 -
farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis
ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)
sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa
da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis
safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo
simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba
mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi
cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba
mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani
mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-
ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia
Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s
Cop (CopiosusCopostal)
Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90
Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-
dafaruloba 50-70
Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50
Sp (Sparsussporsal)
Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30
Sp2 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 20
Sp1 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10
Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-
dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde
Un Unicum- erTi individi
tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos
florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева
1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе
Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM
Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili
d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis
- 10 -
adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004
wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da
saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri
nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995
Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis
periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi
tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis
meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da
lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle
da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris
Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni
da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis
Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala
saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul
siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe
Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian
Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report
(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus
Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili
G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D
Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem
ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris
safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)
- 11 -
daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe
2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)
merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis
reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)
monacemebTan SedarebiT
sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad
gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT
aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena
sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad
daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)
cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis
aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis
administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis
gamoyenebiT
mecnieruli siaxle
kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia
imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis
fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba
- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi
damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi
- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio
maCveneblebi
- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da
saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani
taqsonebis mravalferovneba
- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi
fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da
- 12 -
mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis
jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis
mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi
- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali
taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa
sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba
- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul
mdgomareobas
- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris
da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba
- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Taviseburebebi
- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis
Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli
menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis
- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis
samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli
informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani
saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb
naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli
Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da
axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro
- 13 -
teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis
gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore
saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-
sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze
publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8
samecniero statiaD
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi
moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16
qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da
rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris
96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia
kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi
teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md
yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi
mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da
agroekosistemebi
samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis
sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi
obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli
meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri
baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors
qalbaton nino memiaZes
- 14 -
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos
kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis
xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul
saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa
daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas
erovnuli parki
mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures
dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves
(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis
centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo
Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)
- 15 -
ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis
SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar
miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi
(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT
parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis
satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis
satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)
calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria
dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad
warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi
kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275
ha-s Seadgens
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso
kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac
aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis
reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis
qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT
aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis
wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo
- 16 -
qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan
Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami
mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare
Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli
kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo
da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli
monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka
112)
ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT
Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara
satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar
farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
- 17 -
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba
CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis
farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis
ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki
rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis
daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi
garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi
romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da
qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-
nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad
daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)
aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba
saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)
gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ
konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi
aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi
teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi
gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)
maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis
xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis
ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash
rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT
kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)
- 18 -
ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi
ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro
monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze
- 19 -
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da
maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis
dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis
TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash
MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami
daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis
prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-
KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p
httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-
development-issues) (ruka 115)
ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT
miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656
httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)
- 20 -
12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi
geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani
aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli
periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad
qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT
(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad
zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa
- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)
- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)
- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)
- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)
umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da
miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari
gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi
wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da
zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris
gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani
reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma
xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan
aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba
rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al
javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4
ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)
- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan
- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde
- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde
zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures
samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi
zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro
- 21 -
zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi
zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan
aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8
kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac
misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs
gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes
SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli
magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens
MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur
gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea
romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT
gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro
orografiul raions
mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi
Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)
qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad
ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani
eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da
mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da
eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba
ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi
adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016
m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv
mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli
zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi
adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino
saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia
naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)
rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis
umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da
orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos
- 22 -
kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT
dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli
zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo
grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT
sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda
pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi
aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia
xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira
dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da
mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi
agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-
andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da
tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali
bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT
gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac
dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis
saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi
fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli
avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT
gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze
13 Hhava
bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa
damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi
teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi
cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis
uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs
waagavs
notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis
aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis
maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan
axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic
- 23 -
xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs
atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris
zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs
(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava
yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan
mkacrdeba
atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas
erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken
miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas
haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac
Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur
tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis
mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs
mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo
maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan
1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa
raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da
zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs
uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-
Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili
savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis
pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis
dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia
gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees
imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias
ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas
iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo
nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili
zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir
cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)
tipebis kanonzomier cvlas
- 24 -
zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs
temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi
zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre
sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian
mxareSic
sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad
ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli
uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian
sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs
Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba
aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari
meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan
dRemde
cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis
obieqtebze
Mmeteo-
sadguri
zd
simaR
m-Si
Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67
boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93
dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88
CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74
aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi
haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia
bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia
- 25 -
kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев
1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)
saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis
mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul
tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa
klimatis semdegi tipebi
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati
Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-
500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-
temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi
iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami
Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli
klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri
temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT
Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s
ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda
aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll
bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris
ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara
nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis
CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli
saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da
100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa
yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris
Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde
zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips
- 26 -
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati
vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi
Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da
naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura
Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-
mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali
fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000
mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-
s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia
yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi
Seadgens -16-170С-s
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba
teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s
yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi
minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi
Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati
moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde
gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli
xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves
maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva
reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis
simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli
vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi
- 27 -
pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani
tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis
daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si
14 niadgebi
aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze
intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris
mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba
XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v
dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina
kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da
warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis
Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli
klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi
dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani
monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri
Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951
SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983
falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe
manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe
manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933
Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе
Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис
Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)
saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7
milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-
fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-
riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis
- 28 -
mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-
bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens
saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma
da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-
agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma
Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da
Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-
uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris
moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris
erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-
ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis
Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi
saxesxvaobebi
wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli
zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-
Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo
mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis
martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-
savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-
li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-
tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies
tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-
aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis
mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-
Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs
kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs
advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea
- 29 -
cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
klimatis daxasiaTeba
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia
yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura
aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi
minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo
100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-
47000С-s
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali
magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili
xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi
raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri
temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi
minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde
(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis
xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
- 30 -
gagrZeleba cxrili 132
1 2 3 4
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -
80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-
3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze
Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-
1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo
temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -
16-170С-mde
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da
mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina
klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia
temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze
civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde
absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio
periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa
da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi
zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi
aRwevs 35-45 Tves
- 31 -
amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-
wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad
klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani
nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-
nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi
erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-
cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-
ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-
eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi
mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-
is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT
mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani
sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba
yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili
farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da
vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-
gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-
aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-
kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea
gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia
aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-
onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze
arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti
teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-
lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-
filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis
Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-
uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-
niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis
- 32 -
bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva
kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos
niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis
monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe
1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi
teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri
zonaloba
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli
Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi
am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de
ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi
gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad
ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil
classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da
wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an
Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am
mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi
gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba
wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi
SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri
SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi
aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani
farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic
Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda
nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-
yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian
zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi
formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar
- 33 -
emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic
formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi
saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am
niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba
yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs
Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave
reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis
sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown
forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-
Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi
aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es
niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis
araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi
aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi
(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi
sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-
mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -
s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan
gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli
profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod
erodirebulia
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli
- 34 -
FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da
torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi
vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si
15 hidrografia
Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia
mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas
axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze
mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia
qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi
Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis
samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani
zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da
Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT
gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod
rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare
kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs
xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba
dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg
kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas
saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea
romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens
mraval CanCqers
zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT
SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele
Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof
zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara
qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT
garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis
- 35 -
Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea
abSila da sxv)
aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis
naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa
CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian
uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli
warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia
60-90 lwm
garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan
2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac
dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da
gruntis wylebiT
nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian
mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas
hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia
xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac
mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo
faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT
biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT
gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis
formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT
kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da
qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti
sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri
Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе
19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a
mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi
- 36 -
cxrili 141 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori
saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli
(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da
gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric
Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric
Cambisols)
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali
niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT
(Gleic Cambisols)
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District
Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)
- 37 -
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis
CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am
droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da
naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa
meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi
zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis
samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad
gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa
gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro
farTod gavrcelda
pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia
SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev
wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo
foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis
wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT
qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda
rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier
gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava
(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis
SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri
da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi
qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi
magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani
mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga
kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila
Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi
nekerCxali da sxva
meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime
gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis
qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv
xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde
myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis
- 38 -
vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac
ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi
SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi
romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani
saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis
kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _
zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi
dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi
wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi
(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)
naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis
kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli
mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic
dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul
sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic
pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli
epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara
qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis
teritoriebze
ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo
ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT
Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda
wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500
dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis
aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis
midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)
zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis
mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi
- 39 -
zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo
SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles
nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis
Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave
ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris
mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris
bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis
uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan
morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am
periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri
sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda
farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis
fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi
soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi
meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia
myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul
holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs
mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi
Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis
daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli
formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT
saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _
murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo
sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani
tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi
gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi
subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma
Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)
periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier
gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT
- 40 -
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier
Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi
saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua
holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic
kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda
aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc
yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi
igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
- 41 -
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri
reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da
faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze
seiqmna daculi landSafti
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia
13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts
3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia
aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT
daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14
anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20
anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02
saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs
warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi
marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa
daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves
xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni
mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis
Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens
maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash
tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan
pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash
mis sazRvrebs gareT
- 42 -
kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da
xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian
zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md
kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis
farglebSi)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli
niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi
teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze
maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan
tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis
saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis
proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs
ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia
saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha
anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT
wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis
wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian
murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)
wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)
koromebi (cxrili 211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum
Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum
rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum
rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum
subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad
damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-
- 43 -
buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis
agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi
mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani
monawileobiT
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)
modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis
donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)
zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur
saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)
(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის
(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze
xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac
tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze
meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT
Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis
Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT
mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)
tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi
produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის
დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი
ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული
ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის
ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის
კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)
kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis
udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha
anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo
maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT
dafaruli farTobisa
- 44 -
cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis
ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT
gabatonebuli saxeoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
Mmtiralas erovnuli parki
sul
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
muryani
rcxila (T+a)
wabli (T+a)
muxa (T+a)
wifeli
naZvi
Sqeri da wyavi
sxva merqnianebi
sul
4560
36
5730
45
28620
223
-
71290
555
1390
11
14830
115
1980
15
128400
100
496
22
808
36
4015
181
-
15985
717
404
18
465
21
106
05
22279
100
20440
130
7898
503
5448
35
-
102880
6553
-
-
17000
1082
3324
212
156990
100
2348
1145
10103
492
3202
156
-
164253
8010
-
-
3422
167
588
03
205048
100
25000
876
13628
477
34068
1194
-
174170
6102
1390
11
31830
1115
5304
126
285390
100
2844
665
18183
425
43352
1013
324103
7575
404
18
8072
104
1648
038
427838
100
- 45 -
cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili 213 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT
daculi teritoria
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba
boniteti sixSire
I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki
17180
133
88542
564
85820
668
50237
320
25400
199
18211
116
35490
277
22293
142
43700
340
55731
355
49210
383
78966
503
daculi
teritoriebi
xnovanebiTi jgufi
axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da
uxnesi
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
75
06
17583
112
1292
104
122452
780
2118
160
9262
59
9355
730
7692
49
- 46 -
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash III 6
saSualo sixSire ndash 059
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm
saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md
kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo
tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba
mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)
xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare
kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze
(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)
axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod
xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)
varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla
TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50
wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es
pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma
xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas
soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac
xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili
amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens
dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis
teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino
werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-
zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle
droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)
- 47 -
cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi
administraciuli
erTeuli
saSualo maragi Semateba
mwife da
uxnesi
koromebis
farTobebi
(ha)
xno
vaneb
a
boni
tet
i
sixSir
e
saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
116
III-6
059
22279
1740
17747
1900
179
14
93550
48
sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da
saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)
kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas
Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi
sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa
winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac
iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo
anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq
raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze
adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze
pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da
kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT
(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis
aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze
zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan
da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda
rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas
misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 8 tona
lobio 1 tona
kartofili 6 tona
bostneuli 1 tona
xili 5 tona
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi
mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi
landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens
49
mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi
produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili
tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi
mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs
mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli
bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3
tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri
mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis
wyaroa
xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis
moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da
zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani
roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero
da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi
aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da
saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi
mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe
merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-
mde farglebSi magaliTad
2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani
2010 welSi gaica 420 kubm saSeSe merqani
2011 welSi gaica 37 kubm saSeSe merqani
2012 welSi gaica 5592 kubm saSeSe merqani
50
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar
dafiqsirebula
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi
obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia
adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod
samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul
marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia
mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani
kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012
wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro
vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia
2007 weli 0
2008 weli 458
2009 weli 1577
2010 weli 3464
2011 weli 3212
2012 weli 4800
bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli
meurneoba
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali
etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer
kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis
SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis
teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros
(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo
am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda
51
aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi
parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo
gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis
teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli
parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi
tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli
zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da
reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am
teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis
yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze
xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis
ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul
ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas
mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis
ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis
formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri
cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da
aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood
dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze
sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra
mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri
biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri
tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
52
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo
farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis
tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da
dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac
uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT
sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da
soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis
municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva
xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru
qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis
mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT
dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens
merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi
rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli
(Castanea sativa)
xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini
umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze
didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis
sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06
sixSiris koromebze
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris
ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm
tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m
simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 141 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash II-6
saSualo sixSire ndash 062
53
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 2050 kbm
saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm
mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis
garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze
anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar
SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi
saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs
specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba
eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad
dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi
sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis
damzadebis samuSaoebi
aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri
mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria
xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi
xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad
saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)
tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen
nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad
Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis
samuSaoebi
xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad
hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna
mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad
xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili
tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi
gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da
teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali
intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze
zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda
54
tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo
Wrebi warmoadgenda
zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis
manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad
SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gaumjobesdeba
unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT
ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad
damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili
teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT
buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs
intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili
aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas
Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis
mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi
monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul
gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan
iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari
gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT
Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq
saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis
tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis
teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia
daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare
teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa
umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis
tyis farTobebze
2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad
sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da
buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans
misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli
55
zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da
vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda
vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad
realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis
buferuli zonis soflebSi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam
Seadgina
2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli
2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)
2009 weli daiSva 229855 kubm (aTvisebulia 83000 kubm)
2010 weli daiSva 279899 kubm (aTvisebulia 114889 kubm)
2011 weli daiSva 151907 kubm (aTvisebulia 20538 kubm)
2012 weli daiSva 18444 kubm (aTvisebulia 75896 kubm)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 659 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1648 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 754 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 0674 kubm
2012 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 140 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
169500 kubm
2008 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
298300 kubm
2009 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
139900 kubm
56
2010 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
173000 kubm
2011 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
187900 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli
mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 4195 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 552 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1769 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 5430 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 581 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-
tyis moculoba 582 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan
uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli
Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis
soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils
tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da
mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT
nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba
adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan
gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi
memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod
weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 5712 tona
lobio 576 tona
kartofili 3408 tona
bostneuli 3049 tona
xili 1249 tona
57
yurZeni 2097 tona
citrusi 6700 tona
Tambaqo 11 tona
sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri
meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis
didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba
bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia
warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad
momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis
gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema
unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis
xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare
teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali
mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac
citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli
nawilis realizeba xdeba
mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi
memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242
tona rZe 1172800 litri
2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 4510 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 40-dan 115
tonamde Tafli
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis
ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964
ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod
Seadgens
wabli 416 tona
kakali 141 8 tona
mocvi 154 tona
58
mayvali 25 tona
soko 15 tona
dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia
TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi
yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi
Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi
yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi
TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris
dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis
dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis
samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze
miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi
xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15
mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria
sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s
saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli
wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs
mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT
irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis
sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis
infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-
RameSi
mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli
warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo
simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi
mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30
Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs
(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi
bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben
daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi
59
mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde
uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar
ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof
CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa
centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa
patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian
saavtomobilo gzas
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar
aRiniSneba
mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2
adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks
yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian
vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod
35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis
rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul
vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3
dRiT
turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis
administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi
vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti
- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili
- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani
- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani
vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia
2007 weli 69
2008 weli 628
2009 weli 2533
2010 weli 15350
2011 weli 19400
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137
60
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis
departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas
erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi
2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 108 sacxovrebel Senobaze 9 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad
qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22
ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-
qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-
rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-
rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
2008 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-
Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli
- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
61
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-
vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 117 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 5 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 37 sacxovrebeli saxli
qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli
procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15
maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)
rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis
dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar
dafiqsirebula
aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-
ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis
gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da
racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos
tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-
higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva
garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone
mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra
62
Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da
ZiriTadi formaciebi)
biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)
mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs
struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva
niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
(Whittaker 1972)
tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da
biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966
baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis
Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da
saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens
garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri
mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli
Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis
SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C
Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai
Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин
2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев
2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)
dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J
63
Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran
Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)
konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas
da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis
istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis
dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng
Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann
Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский
2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)
sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da
subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri
metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo
Jukka 2007)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT
floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT
evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis
floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis
xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri
warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli
periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es
farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda
axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da
mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis
pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da
wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur
merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs
kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels
xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis
64
damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli
Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa
warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers
aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi
nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an
krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom
igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens
zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis
Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi
kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri
wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli
balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus
ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _
lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS
zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi
mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi
romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi
elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac
maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi
xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava
mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli
niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis
Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi
balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens
xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da
mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul
olqebs uaxlovdeba
mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel
subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari
subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo
aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva
mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba
65
tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi
acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma
tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa
foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli
saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma
formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva
mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad
daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba
mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis
vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi
erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba
da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi
satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi
ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis
dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis
mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi
iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad
sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis
pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve
mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli
farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli
papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969
gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001
2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani
2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998
manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010
daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)
fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis
mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze
ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis
66
ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur
erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am
mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens
romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli
Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa
konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе
1974)
Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis
asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-
tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25
asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
Sqeriani (azonaluria)
subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas
erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis
ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi
niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben
mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri
67
sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan
erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia
Semdegi sartylebiT
kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli
foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-
wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa
da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani
tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani
tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli
foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli
(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi
bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-
dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye
ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq
SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier
anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli
kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da
notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da
mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi
merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT
lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi
Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane
saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m
simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis
(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)
muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)
romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-
wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-
wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus
baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis
romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes
Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva
foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi
68
meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT
kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum
opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus
barbata Carpinus caucasica
mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane
iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis
Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic
xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis
SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro
iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian
Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus
maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis
tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza
gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv
Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri
suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)
romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki
SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria
agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze
xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT
yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis
saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus
balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов
1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da
sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani
safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi
mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur
cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant
Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula
69
forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva
balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi
buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali
mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv
kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis
Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii
Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea
spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula
europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon
orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica
zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da
tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso
uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze
xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi
gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina
Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album
Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da
sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium
majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul
ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica
aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani
safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba
ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da
balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am
safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic
rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri
faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils
iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi
Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)
70
11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirenti- fruticosa)
1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic
Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm
A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia
Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus
officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia
Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis
scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol
2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus
glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides
iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus
officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana
Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75
iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen
adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant
Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol
3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba
300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-
200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea
sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus
colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum
Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80
71
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris
incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol
wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba
rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde
erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi
wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli
da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris
wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis
tyis qvesartyeli
wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus
orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra
Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli
SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli)
qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium
arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus
lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus
lupulus Periploca graeca
balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom
tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur
sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva
cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT
xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi
mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT
xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan
iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia
strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir
Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben
balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli
saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga
72
cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum
buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum
Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita
pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul
adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo
tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv
wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)
21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)
iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides
sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
73
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica
Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia
qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90
iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum
Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina
Digitalis ferruginea - Sp
2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-
Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus
officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli
dafaruloba 30-35
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys
silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp
3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli
dafaruloba 50-70
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
74
sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)
dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer
laetum+Taxus baccata
iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R
hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80
iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli
dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana
intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp
5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia
150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera
colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos
iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli
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22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta
nuda herbosa)
1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron
ponticum
iarusi C ar aris
2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 700-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus
iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum
iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp
3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus
baccata
iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum
Hedera colchica
iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -
Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula
europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp
76
23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta
aestifruticosa)
1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=30 m Dt=52 sm A=140w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
rcxila Carpinus betulus
iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum
Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507
iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp
2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus
orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa
Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine
impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola
odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp
3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m
zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti
edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica
iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1
Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp
xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad
warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT
(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis
77
aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi
ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri
didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium
tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi
sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)
wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea
gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur
safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi
wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo
zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis
nakrZalSi)
sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)
wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana
Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa
da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis
78
lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis
SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur
suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan
safarSi ufro monawileobs
balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye
mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula
odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa
napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800
m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri
sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus
ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata
Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum
sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites
albus Calamintha grandiflora
wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi
sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye
yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia
Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis
monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus
grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv
wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)
31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip
iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
79
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus
Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia
Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp
2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana
damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40
iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon
Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2
sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
80
3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1700 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia
begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica Rusucus colchicus
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-1700 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (sur 315)
iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea
sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus
torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus
caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica
proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula
odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp
5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)
iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm
A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii
B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion
angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp
81
sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta
aestifruticosa)
1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 316)
iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea
sativa
iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata
Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1
Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp
82
sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
83
2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1000-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 317)
iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium
arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -
Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum
buplerioides ndashSp
3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba
70
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus
Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1
33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)
1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1400 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 318)
iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)
doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus
avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60
iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa
Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1
84
2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=
140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli
dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana
schischtocalyx- Cop1
sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti
edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus
85
iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia
strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta
Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2
34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)
1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)
dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica
iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli
2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1200 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus
Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1
3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=
110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-
femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis
abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1
86
4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-
mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum
iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca
montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium
psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2
5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betuluss+Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus
Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-
Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp
6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana
Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus
caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum
asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2
87
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa
gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da
TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli
Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis
merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri
sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma
unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da
ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki
gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur
319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera
damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~
uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da
warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex
colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es
cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis
namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis
uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT
mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli
88
sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~
Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia
Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv
7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-
1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus
colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex
colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera
colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides
iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis
scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp
subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde
vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod
kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili
(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili
(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli
tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia
romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da
buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF
Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli
romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri
subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis
elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT
saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi
subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad
specifikuri tipebi
subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da
warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri
meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT
89
am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri
dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da
aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum
orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii
swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos
subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT
arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT
tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod
mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi
monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer
trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula
buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi
monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes
alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv
kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi
magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro
xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve
gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris
oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum
Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da
RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum
nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv
maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii
C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari
polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene
ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P
nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima
Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha
Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva
90
subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc
tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad
gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi
arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis
samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi
gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе
Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod
mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S
colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum
Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum
Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum
Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv
subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da
maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba
rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia
Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis
Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus
caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT
erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli
dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis
friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da
dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad
cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi
formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi
adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac
ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq
gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul
dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla
aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G
psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv
91
ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad
gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii
Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum
Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian
adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana
Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum
Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs
samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze
gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina
da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio
pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv
subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)
41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca
proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella
Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1
42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)
1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa
subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
92
iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus
iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum
Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx
Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2
Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1
subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti
batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis
(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT
saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis
subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi
cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi
romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul
aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum
nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus
nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens
Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S
cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata
Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H
sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda
maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal
saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla
elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv
93
zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-
lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs
uwodeben
subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar
gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri
mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT
Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-
nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi
marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum
odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum
alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs
saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali
ferdobebi uWiravT
marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan
erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica
grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba
tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze
ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-
qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts
Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad
gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia
A albana da sxv
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras
(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari
kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica
Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale
Potentilla erecta da sxv
saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-
dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras
saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium
94
Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus
astrantiefolius da sxv
sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari
polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria
latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur
mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze
gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic
mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine
seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi
aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m
daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко
Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis
dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis
mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis
uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov
1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT
aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba
romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo
raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT
iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi
95
kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele
muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT
romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan
gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18
gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni
arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572
gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-
38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens
cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis
dacul teritoriebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)
taqsonomiuri jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta
13 18 29
Spermatophyta
103 574 865
Gymnospermae
3 2 5
Angiospermae
100 572 861
Dicotyledones
83 494 721
Monocotyledones
17 78 140
sul
116 593 894
96
rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis
erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac
daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri
struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis
konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus
Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8
cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi
urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri
mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi
liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi
Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794
3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255
97
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27
iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis
nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian
balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba
maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare
xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi
balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106
(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze
didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani
mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi
merqniani saxeobebia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi
kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli
evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri
elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo
formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi
xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad
Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki
Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-
98
rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-
lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia
warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-
s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da
evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom
nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)
99
diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad
dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306
gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3221)
cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi
erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi
SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba
romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66
Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22
Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 544 - s Seadgens
taqsonomiuri
jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta 13 16 25
Spermatophyta 93 289 496
Gymnospermae 1 1 1
Angiospermae 92 288 495
Dicotyledones 76 242 428
Monocotyledones 16 46 67
sul 107 306 522
100
M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222
cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive
florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da
Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT
gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli
parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT
mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi
zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-
alpuri sartylebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 66 126 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 35 67 Poaceae 146 794
3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 16 3 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255
101
floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic
esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-
5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa
sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT
urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri
parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-
buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 419
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 116
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 36
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 20
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod
maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935
wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi
marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini
raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier
gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian
bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris
elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419
(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)
mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo
102
formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca
gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens
xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-
67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-
65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3221)
kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk
diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris
msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis
floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara
103
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi
mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis
floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi
acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul
originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo
romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT
aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia
mocemulia danarTi 1-Si
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis
moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1
mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis
1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
floris endemebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa
da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-
bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur
floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-
genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-
reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken
endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia
da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis
104
dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis
sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad
ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris
floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad
migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs
saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis
geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis
M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa
warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s
Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)
sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba
sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili
orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 42 ojaxsa da 97 gvarSi
saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13
Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum
Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT
arian warmodgenili
mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo
formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT
Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba
aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis
endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis
amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul
teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze
endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446
kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9
saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis
endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans
diagramaze (diagrama 331)
105
kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan
kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5
aWaris-3
mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22
(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2
kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas
erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis
amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis
umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris
warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi
Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var
adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana
swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria
dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas
kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic
mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum
arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum
cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora
swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur
sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
106
diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis
mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba
bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da
arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal
bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan
erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero
ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi
dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri
Tanafardoba
ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali
frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis
mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa
da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT
heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis
niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze
107
yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca
swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad
daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli
ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew
ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da
cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes
XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier
floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da
kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo
romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da
gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili
eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis
Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad
garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli
monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze
muSaoba
elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan
dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa
da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac
umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis
rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis
winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia
Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da
habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba
uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama
mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-
108
neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis
farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa
mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli
ekoregionis mravalferovnebas
1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom
miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa
gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara
samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma
gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da
msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis
komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva
sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac
saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi
EX ndash gadaSenebuli
EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli
CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi
EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi
VU ndash mowyvladi
NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi
LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas
DD ndash arasruli monacemebi
NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli
saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi
gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli
aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi
2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso
wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im
kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba
gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT
109
wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa
ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac
saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas
saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56
saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia
aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus
sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne
albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya
carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus
pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica
Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea
orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)
veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia
mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G
woronowii)
kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa
da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom
kintiSis dacul teritoriebze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya
pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa
110
Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria
pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus
decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii
Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 69 saxeoba (248 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 8 saxeoba (80 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana
Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G
woronowii
cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa
konservaciis statusi
konservaciis statusi
kintriSi Mmtirala NP
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006
11 - (VU)
2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)
sul 13 12
kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012
151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)
8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)
6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)
6 -(DD) -
111
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis
daavadebebi
bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil
daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens
mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe
2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda
muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo
foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda
1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -
1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -
1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))
1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))
3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)
4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)
sul 185 60
IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo
1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend
decreasing)
1 - ( Near Threatened ver
31 Pop trend
decreasing)
2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver
31)
1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver
23 (needs updating))
1 - (Lower Risknear
threatened ver 23 (needs
updating))
2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver
23 (needs updating)
2 - Lower Riskleast
concern ver 23 (needs
updating)
1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend
stable
sul 205 78
112
mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)
70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs
soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi
espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli
daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul
teritoriebzec gavrcelda
dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis
fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia
rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi
teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari
mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa
da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba
kenwerodan (sur 425 426)
qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad
axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi
pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels
SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve
cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis
zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi
maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis
parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)
113
sur 421 sur 422
sur 423 sur 424
sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi
sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza
sur 423 paTogenurobis testi
sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola
sur 425 sur 426
114
sur 427 sur 428
sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi
sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili
sur 428 gamoCekili matli
aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da
tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da
dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an
inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli
mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis biologiuri meTodi
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi)
aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic
kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da
Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas
ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi
sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo
erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris
miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia
115
misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT
Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT
aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma
da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da
mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da
sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo
sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs
iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad
aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva
saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe
Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi
(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10
reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130
mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)
reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)
saxeoba (cxrili 431)
cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT
klasi
aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep
sul
(100) sul sul
FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130
amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400
reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370
116
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis
20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4
(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37
(51) saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da
cxrili 433 ndashSi
aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni
(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos
Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia
clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus
(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus
migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni
(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula
parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra
rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300
ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510
s u l 596 158 260 174 290
117
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba
Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter
brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)
Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)
Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica
(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia
derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)
Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis
apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)
Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra
lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis
Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi
118
sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT
dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN
(IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul 15 17
119
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+
4bcde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN
(Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU
(B2ab(iiiii)
sul
34 36
120
cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi
konservaciuli statusi
saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa
(2006)
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
1 2 3 4 5
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC
Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977)
EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)
121
gagrZeleba cxrili 432
1 2 3 4 5
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)
VU (D1) EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)
VU (D1) LC
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC
- 121 -
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4b
cde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)
sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
34 36
- 122 -
sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi
sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
- 123 -
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis
yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)
dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis
Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17
erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10
erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi
Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)
cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT)
cxovelis saxeoba
IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt
arCvi Rupicapra
rupicapra
LC ver 31 Pop
trend unknown
2010 weli
2012 weli
2010 weli
2012 weli
91 112 170 170 (200)
wavi Lutra
lutra
NT ver 31 Pop
trend decreasing
15 32 135 135(150)
mura daTvi
Ursus arctos
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
95 83 80 86
mgeli Canis
lupus
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
16 27
5 5
kverna Martes
foina M
martes
LC ver 31) Pop
trend stable
160 168 145 155
kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus
anomalus
LC ver 31 165 265 72 75
- 124 -
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis
kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi
ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli
qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis
koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10
wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели
В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П
Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis
intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad
nadgurdeba
wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan
rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g
gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri
daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba
marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT
koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis
aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis
(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas
aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4
aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)
wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze
mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas
da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria
agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)
monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba
- 125 -
mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT
warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II
generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva
wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve
wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli
cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis
periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952
Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel
rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad
moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni
viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze
arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis
mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis
TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi
erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali
warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri
RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT
anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba
sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli
merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-
mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis
Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si
wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis
Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad
SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis
saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane
qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi
rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT
pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver
- 126 -
viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis
susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli
rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna
dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis
Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari
saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic
ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT
es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)
ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac
naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)
naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba
wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv
jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis
TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi
gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da
mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva
warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis
stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT
wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc
samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan
sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi
gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs
Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani
wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07
sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs
(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels
xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels
- 127 -
sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
128
cxrili 511
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
D
daculi teritoria
sf
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis daxriloba
(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)
boniteti
koromis Semadgen-loba
qvetyis dafaruloba
() sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis Sefaseba
(Гулисашвили
1956)
saxeoba
1-10sm
11-30sm
31-50sm
gt 51
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
1
850 sd 15-20
Castanetum
azaleosum TesliTi
81-100 I-II
10wb+rc+nZ
20
06-07
wabli
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
saukeTeso
sul
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
129
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
2
980
Crd
20-250
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum
TesliTi
100-120
II-III
8wb1wf
1rcx+nZ
45
07-08
wabli
850
168
1400
277
2020
400
780
155
5050
100
susti
wifeli
-
-
320
299
-
-
750
701
1070
100
rcxila
-
-
120
632
-
-
70
368
190
100
naZvi
-
-
60
375
-
-
100
625
160
100
sul
850
131
1900
294
2020
312
1700
263
6470
100
130
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 3
560 Crd 15-200
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum TesliTi
120 II
9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70
05
wabli
80
79
560
555
150
149
220
217
1010
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
70
292
-
-
170
708
240
100
rcxila
-
-
160
470
70
206
110
324
340
100
sul 80
50
790
500
210
133
500
317
1580
100
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 4
800 samxdas 25-30-400
Castanetum
rubosum TesliTi
90 III
7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80
04
wabli
-
-
-
-
70
368
120
632
190
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
140
341
210
512
60
147
410
100
sul -
-
140
233
280
467
180
300
600
100
- 131 -
rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad
mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi
ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da
axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba
cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-
05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni
pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis
asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba
tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis
kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi
wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)
bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi
boniteti
mozardis
xnovaneba (weli )
mozardis simaRlis statistikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
M saS
metri
Mm
metri
nimuSebis
raodenoba
1 2 3 4 5
maRali
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(ielis qvetyiT)
1 0-10 002 3
2 11-30 003 3
3 31-50 004 3
5 50 da gt 006 6
saSualo
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(Sqeris qvetyiT)
2 0-10 002 3
3 11-30 003 3
4 31-50 004 3
7 50 da gt 006 6
- 132 -
v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash
saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf
3-4 ndash Zlier sustia
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis
sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi
iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava
mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa
dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi
romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs
daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari
aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa
wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis
transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis
wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis
Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane
qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT
wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da
Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v
mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da
sxvaTa SromebSi
aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba
damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT
dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash
zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze
eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi
gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000
- 133 -
ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba
gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi
cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da
xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze
dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis
Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )
iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul
tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis
Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da
ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili
tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari
Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)
rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul
biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi
mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze
adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)
mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-
zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani
safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad
formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis
6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da
15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi
gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)
tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)
sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT
xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti
proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis
Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze
- 134 -
meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze
naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)
dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis
SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba
11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan
SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi
ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m
simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi
mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis
Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis
sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli
bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
135
cxrili 521
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
daculi
teritoria
sf
asociacia
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis
daxriloba
(gradusi)
Kkoromis
Semadgenloba
qvetyis
dafaruloba ()
saburvelis
Sekruloba
sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba
cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis
Sefaseba
saxeoba
lt05
06-15
gt15
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
1
Fagetum
rhododendrosum
920
Crd das
250
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
2300
730
700
222
150
48
3150
100
susti rc
-
-
120
75
40
25
160
100
sul
2300
695
820
248
190
57
3310
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
2
Fagetum rubosum
860
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
8800
259
16800
494
8400
247
34000
100
kargi rcx
50
169
170
576
75
255
295
100
sul
8850
258
16970
495
8475
247
34295
100
136
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
3
Fagetum- Carpine-
to azalesum
1223
Crd
250
8wf+2rcx
30
09
07
wf
rcx
3100
233
280
718
6800
511
110
282
3400
256
-
-
13300
100
390
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 3380
247
6910
505
3400
248
13690
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
4
Fagetum festuco-
sum
1780
samx aRm
350
10wf+rcx
+nk
20
06
05
wf
rcx
5370
303
320
615
8650
488
130
250
3700
209
70
135
17720
100
520
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 5690
312
8780
481
3770
207
18240
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
5
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 875
Crd das
150
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
rcx
1500
893
50
303
180
107
70
424
-
-
45
273
1680
100
165
100
susti sul 1550
840
250
135
45
25
1845
100
137
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
6
Fagetum rubosum
900
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
rcx
8800
259
120
414
16800
494
80
276
8400
247
90
310
34000
100
290
100
kargi
sul 8920
182
16880
348
8490
176
34290
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
7
Fagetum -Carpine-
to azalesum
1100
Crd
300
7wf3rcx+wb
30
08
07
wf
rcx
2200
193
70
778
5800
509
20
222
3400
298
-
-
11400
100
90
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 2270
197
5820
507
3400
296
11490
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
8
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 380
Crd das
250
8wf2rcx+Tx
70
06
04
wf
rcx
200
741
80
727
70
259
30
273
-
-
-
-
270
100
110
100
Zlier susti
sul
280
737
100
263
-
-
380
100
138
mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da
mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva
asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac
aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi
ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis
saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis
mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)
mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi
mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba
wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac
gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba
xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo
pirobebi
aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-
radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri
SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis
mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT
139
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis
Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-
istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli
elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis
2 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad
saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur
periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba
kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi
mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi
ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely
wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi
naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli
daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani
saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis
sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur
(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis
arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli
qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-
sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac
miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve
rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom
iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian
140
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-
sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi
flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris
sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda
5 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- Sqeriani (azonaluria)
- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul
parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da
maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi
fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)
141
7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum
rhododendrosum
- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)
- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)
- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)
- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan
- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)
- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)
Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari
(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)
8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum)
- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan
- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)
142
- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum
- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)
Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba
- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)
- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)
- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)
- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)
- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)
- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone
formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas
erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha
farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane
saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri
muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges
(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT
9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia
Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da
dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan
erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris
endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan
erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto
caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT
(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli
xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari
(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva
10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis
literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi
143
warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa
da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq
warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100
ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38
Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis
555 - s Seadgens
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia
Senecio Cardamine-8
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 115 (128) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac
fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-
Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da
gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi
mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s
Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT
warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens
kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis
romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis
didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia
warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili
398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens
144
romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli
elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis
flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda
rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi
erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13
ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani
522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-
35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21
Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s
Seadgens
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6
Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani
floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-
32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea
balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)
orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi
procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia
145
warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli
floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-
winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire
aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10
saxeoba-19
12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)
frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum
(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter
brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus
cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)
Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco
tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)
Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
146
13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70) reptiliebis 10 (41)
frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34) saxeoba
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo
fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton
ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)
Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis
(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans
(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco
naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus
anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra
(LC)
14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo
(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-
dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi
Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis
lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri
ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde
15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da
mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
147
xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo
(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)
16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia
struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi
susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da
pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da
wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da
maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da
rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis
Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis
muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba
simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane
qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)
maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian
rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa
ganviTarebuli
yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da
sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar
asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis
wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi
(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia
17 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis
amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36
mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23
higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba
18 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia
148
carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29
qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6
19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-
neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis
adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes
ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi
mimdinareoba
20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo
zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge
meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva
simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli
rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi
21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-
nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis
ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze
fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-
debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis
efeqturi RonisZiebebi
22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri
mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo
potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles
yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-
saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo
koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da
saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze
dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi
149
Ggamoyenebuli literatura
1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442
gv
2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962
442 gv
3 batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1944
batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi
saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv
4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi
2002 280 gv
5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis
balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis
ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t
XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)
6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli
eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst
Sro t II gv 32-42
7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri
faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi
Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001
8 bunebis matiane
200820092010
ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo
9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a
buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv
10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis
yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi
saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani
sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi
tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81
11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi
da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi
Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009
150
12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi
da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati
biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2002 31 gv
13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis
Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes
Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18
14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis
biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da
landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv
69-82
15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis
xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi
ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV
1987
16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa
aWarardquo gv 2-3
17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da
saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba
saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis
Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23
18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo
II gamocema Tbilisi 1974
19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze
wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis
ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis
mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis
SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-
praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54
20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa
samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv
347-351
21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis
foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo
151
30 Tbilisi gv 352-355
22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze
mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa
zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli
universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis
instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194
23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis
mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo
universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli
sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239
24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba
`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv
25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi
baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv
26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi
tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19
27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos
flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003
28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
29 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba
1961 249gv
31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris
ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl
meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1994 16gv
32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis
niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis
botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi
~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176
152
33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli
subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis
gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero
SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24
34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris
subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli
formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb
baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi
(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2
baTumi gv 173-181
35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis
fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos
botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli
respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-
13
36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri
sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos
niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28
37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia
wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37
38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris
mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004
59 gv
39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da
mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da
mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38
40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora
mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo
(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28
41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi
153
subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-
aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambe t 18) gv 12-15
42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri
Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis
axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero
konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi
tomi V gv 5-8
43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis
zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis
dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi
1964 (rusul enaze)
44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis
maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da
fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~
1971 200 gv
46 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis
biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli
ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba
ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119
48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi
mecniereba 1965 552 gv
49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria
samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi
gv 267-281
50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis
bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-
40
51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli
ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi
1998
154
52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi
Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163
53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi
mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134
54 falavandiSvili
1987
falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da
maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa
aWara~ 1987 104 gv
55 falavandiSvili
1993
falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri
gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli
kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa
doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1993 27 gv
56 falavandiSvili
2004
falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi
ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv
57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv
58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria
Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ
59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168
გვ
60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis
mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997
487 gv
61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli
procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis
problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288
62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi
teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba
samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)
Tbilisi 2010 gv 42-43
63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi
universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88
64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv
65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis
flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri
sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9
155
66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv
123
67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг
лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной
биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-
Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе
таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы
научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса
Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт
2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус
68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~
1896 кн 1 стр 22
69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
70 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов
буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии
Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129
72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических
исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем
Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-
конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с
56-60 Рус
73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой
(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны
природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных
территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-
практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008
Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус
74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая
оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и
таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с
164-169 Рус рез англ
75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных
сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния
экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады
Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006
156
Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус
76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного
Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3
Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1
Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус
77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер
по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на
слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та
леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107
78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском
ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического
садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51
79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования
юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения
тр Воронежского государственного университета
Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237
80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных
лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та
Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31
81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический
журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193
82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и
экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой
природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах
Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез
англ
83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков
Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5
с 22-26
84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -
исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр
85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат
1956 354 стр
86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М
1956 354 стр
87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях
чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз
филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр
88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и
их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-
во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449
157
стр
89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление
буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)
Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72
90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии
ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр
91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси
bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр
92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв
Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472
93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на
Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900
32 стр
94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363
96 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические
указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974
Тбилиси стр 8-109
98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия
лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с
ил Рус
99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и
особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические
культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155
100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского
филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933
3 стр 66-70
101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз
ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-
196
102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная
субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913
стр31-44
103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира
ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности
1906 стр175-193
104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС
158
серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии
ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР
1935 стр 1-32
105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т
4 стр 132-145
106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр
104-112
107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия
геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР
М-Л 1936 стр 1-46
108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и
разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал
Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-
163
109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных
воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии
Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29
Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42
110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции
деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и
каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат
диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22
стр
111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -
хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262
стр
112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности
горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии
Тбилиси 1982 191 стр
113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности
Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр
114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и
использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44
115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа
М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр
116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья
Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во
159
Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр
117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень
дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус
118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов
Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV
Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-
13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ
119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии
Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347
120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв
Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр
121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского
ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические
особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры
Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского
ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136
122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр
ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38
стр
123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных
субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр
124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья
Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39
125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М
Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр
126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и
биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)
Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического
мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы
Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып
4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус
127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
128 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР
тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453
130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo
Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр
160
131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов
и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного
Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое
будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-
Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-
297 Рус рез англ
132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L
Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей
природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117
133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ
Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта
Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31
Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163
134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к
дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества
испытателей природы т110 6 2005
135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к
анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов
Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус
рез англ
136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной
флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст
137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных
условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и
безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79
138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of
the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and
Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ
139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и
геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе
Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka
a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz
Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез
англ
140 Cullotta Sebastiano
2007
Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов
леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне
на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity
assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur
J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ
161
141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey
Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali
Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in
tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-
1181 Англ
142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the
former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp
143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile
thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen
Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388
144 Grandtner Miroslaw
2006
Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев
Северной Америки North American native tree species
diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ
145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo
Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a
Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N
79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп
146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist
Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005
147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz
Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p
148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz
Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)
Tbilisi 2010 36p
149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University
press 1997 858 pp
150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E
Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the
spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N
10 с 1729-1749 Англ
151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild
grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6
No 2 pp 93-164
152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N
IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)
Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-
123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm
153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и
рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических
162
и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их
экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for
biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest
plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework
Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ
154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest
biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with
cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and
indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез
фр
155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus
Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103
156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri
Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The
Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro
2005
Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian
Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных
разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране
Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests
of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480
158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua
Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на
острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007
27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ
159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A
(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed
by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006
160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity
Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251
161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель
оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного
вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa
ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ
162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain
Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of
vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178
163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის
მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების
პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი
ბარათი 1994
2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации
163
лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений
питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами
содействия естественному возобновлению 1977
ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21
164 eleqtronuli
informaciebi
1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da
Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos
mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19
Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge
httpwwwnacresorg
2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული
პროგრამაNEAP2
httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi
nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge
3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas
erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i
d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350
4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis
sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996
wN003 http wwwparliamentge)
5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~
httpwwwgaremoitdcge
6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist
7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
httpwwwbiodivorg
8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~
WWF-international WCMC 1997
9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development
of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-
2010
httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu
sshtml CEPF final project completion report
httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl
antspdf
10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living
planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg
11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi
a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc
asus_Region)
164
12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg
13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu
spdf
14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-
ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)
15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve
16 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification
html
165
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia
ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo
forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi
1 5 6 7 8
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f
Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f
Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f
Aviride Huds P H J r
Aworonowii Christ P HJ r
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f
Athyriaceae Alst
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r
Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f
Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel
Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f
Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f
Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic
Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f
Doreades Fomin P H srsh
Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f
Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f
Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r
P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f
Equisetaceae Rich ex DC
Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms
Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f
Huperziaceae Rothm
Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f
Hymenophyllaceae Link
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f
166
Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli
Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f
Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb
Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m
Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf
Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli
Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f
Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf
Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl
Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr
Pteridaceae Reichen
Pteris cretica L P CD f
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr
Jsabina L ђ H fr
Pinaceae Lindl
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f
Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f
Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f
Taxaceae SFGray
Taxus baccata L yen C f
A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)
Aceraceae Juss
Acer campestre L yen CDFH f
Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f
Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f
Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian
Amaranthaceae Juss
Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd
Ahyrbidus L CDF rd
Aretroflexus L CDF rd
Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)
Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm
Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian
167
Apium graveolens L C srd
Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian
Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm
Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs
Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm
Carum carvi L CDFH m
Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr
Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr
Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs
Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh
Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv
Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs
Daucus carota L CDFH frd
Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian
Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m
Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss
Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic
Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)
Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms
Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs
Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh
Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh
Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh
Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f
Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh
P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh
Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs
Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f
Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz
Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f
Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh
Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd
168
Apocynaceae Juss
Vinca minor L bull C f
Aquifoliaceae Bartl
Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh
Araliaceae Juss
Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f
Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f
Aristolochiaceae Juss
Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic
Asclepiadaceae RBr
Periploca graeca L L AB f
Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian
Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs
Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)
Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f
Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf
Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh
Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs
Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs
Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m
Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r
Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian
Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian
Atinctoria L bull C r
Arctium lappa L BC ss
Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn
Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal
Aster alpinus L bull HJ m
Anovae-angliae L bull C ss
Anovi- belgii L bull C ss
Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm
Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd
Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf
Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss
Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f
C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f
169
Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd
Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd
Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv
Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf
Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm
Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic
Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic
Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd
Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs
Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh
Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic
Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m
Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m
Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m
Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian
Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m
Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al
C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal
Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic
Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs
Csetosa Hallfil C ssf
Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv
Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh
Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic
Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs
Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian
Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh
Euniflorus L bull H m
Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f
Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr
Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn
170
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al
Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn
Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian
Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic
Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m
H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm
H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm
Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm
Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs
Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm
Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f
Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm
Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f
Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm
Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf
Inula britannica L bull C ss
Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh
Ihelenium L bull F fsh
Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic
Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm
Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm
Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian
Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f
Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh
Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd
Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm
Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum
Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr
O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr
sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh
Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f
Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv
Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh
Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic
171
Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian
Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m
Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm
Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r
Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s
Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs
Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs
Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh
Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s
Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd
Svulgaris L CDEF rd
Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh
Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f
Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd
Soleraceus L CDF rdal
Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian
S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic
S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian
Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian
Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m
Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv
Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian
Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs
Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd
Xstrumarium L CDF frd
Balsaminaceae ARich
Impatiens noli-tangere L H f
Berberidaceae Torz et Grey
Berberis vulgaris L yen H f
Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr
Betulaceae SF Gray
Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f
Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f
Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f
Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic
Boraginaceae Juss
172
Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f
Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs
Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm
Cofficinale L CDH bs
Echium vulgare L CDFH rd
echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m
Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd
Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs
Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal
Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr
Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic
Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd
Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic
Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh
Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic
Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum
(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian
Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian
Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian
S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian
Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh
Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms
Bplantaginea DC H m
Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd
Brassica campestris L CDFH al
Bunias orientalis L CDF m
Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd
Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh
Cimpatiens L CDFH f
Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f
Cparviflora L CD sssrd
Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f
173
Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss
Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f
Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms
Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd
Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f
Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f
Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r
Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r
Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd
Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv
Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian
Buxaceae Dumort
Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic
Campanulaceae Juss
Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f
C alpigena CKoch bull H bs
C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian
Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs
Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f
Clatifolia L bull H m
Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Cannabinaceae Endl
Humulus lupulus L bull CD f
Caprifoliaceae Juss
Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f
Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f
Caryophyllaceae Juss
Agrostemma githago L CDF al
Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh
Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd
Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms
Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv
Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal
Coreades Schischk bull H msh
Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh
Dianthus armeria L CDFH f
174
Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs
Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs
Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs
G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs
Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian
Herniaria glabra L bull H fr
Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm
Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh
Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr
Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian
Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh
Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr
Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm
Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms
Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs
Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m
Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm
Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm
Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr
Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs
Soxysepala Boiss C al
Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh
Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms
Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs
Suncinatus Schur H bs
Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf
Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm
Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r
Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs
Stellaria holostea L bull C fr
Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd
Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf
Capparaceae Juss
Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn
Celastraceae RBr
Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f
175
Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f
Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian
Chenopodiaceae Vent
Chenopodium album L CDFH al
Chbotrys L CD snrd
Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd
Convolvulaceae Juss
Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh
Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f
Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal
Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr
Cornaceae Dumort
Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)
Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f
Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f
Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic
Corylaceae Mirb
Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f
Corientalis Mill ђyen C f
Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f
Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f
Crassulaceae DC
Sedum annuum L H r
Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r
Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs
Shispanicum L C r
Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh
S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh
Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs
Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r
Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba
Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r
Cuscutaceae Dumort
Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f
Ceuropaea L CDFH ral
Datiscaceae Lindl
176
Datisca cannabina L bull C f
Dipsacaceae Juss
Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian
Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f
Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf
Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv
Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic
S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic
Ebenaceae Guerke
Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f
Elaeagnaceae Juss
Empetraceae SGray
Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh
Ericaceae Juss
Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht
ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm
Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh
Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh
Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Acalypha australis L CDF rd
Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf
Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m
Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian
Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm
Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic
Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian
Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf
Estricta L bull CDF rd
Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms
Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr
Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)
177
Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m
Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn
Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m
Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f
Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm
Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs
Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic
Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic
Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf
Aincertus Ledeb bull H r
Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian
Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian
Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m
Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf
Lhirsutus L CDF rdr
Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f
Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm
Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian
L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn
Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss
Langustifolius L C ss
Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn
Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian
O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian
Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh
Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs
Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs
Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm
Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f
Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs
Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr
Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf
Trifolium arvense L C rd
Tcanescens Willd bull H fm
Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f
178
Tmedium L bull CDFH f
T pratense L bull CDFH mfr
Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm
Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd
Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms
Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd
Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic
Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm
Vcassubica L bull H f
Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv
Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian
Vsepium L bull CDFH shf
Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn
Fagaceae Dumort
Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f
Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f
Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian
Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic
Fumariaceae DC
Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m
Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr
Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f
Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh
Gentianaceae Juss
Gentiana aquatica L H m
Gcruciata L bull CDFH m
Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m
Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian
Gseptemfida Pall bull H m
Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m
Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian
Geraniaceae Juss
Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd
Geranium columbinum L CD rd
Gdissectum L CD sh
Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm
179
Gibericum Cav bull H shm
Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs
Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm
Grobertianum L CDFH fsh
Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh
Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)
Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr
Hypericaceae Juss
Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf
Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian
Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf
Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf
Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian
Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs
Hmontanum L bull CDFH f
Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf
xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf
Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth
Juglans regia L yen CDF f
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f
Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)
Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm
Aorientalis L bull H m
Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh
(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh
Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f
Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss
Cmenthifolia Host bull C f
Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f
Cvulgare L bull CDFH f
Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f
Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd
Gladanum L CDFH rd
Glechoma hederacea L bull C f
Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r
Lamium album L bull CDFH f
180
Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms
Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s
Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m
Mpulegium L bull CDF s
Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f
Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf
Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m
Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m
Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm
Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f
Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr
Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian
Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f
Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m
Stachys annua (L) L C rd
Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f
Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm
Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f
Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic
Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian
Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian
Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian
Lauraceae Juss
Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh
Linaceae Dum
Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m
Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m
Loranthaceae Juss
Viscum album L ђ CDF f
Lythraceae St-Hil
Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs
Malvaceae Juss
Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian
Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd
Msylvestris L bull CDF rd
Moraceae Link
181
Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic
Morus alba L yen C f
Mnigra L yen C f
Oleaceae HoffmggampLink
Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f
Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f
Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas
ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian
Onagraceae Juss
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv
Circaea alpina L bull H srf
C lutetiana L bull CDFH f
Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m
Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr
Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs
Emontanum L bull CDFH f
Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s
Orobanchaceae Vent
Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m
Oraddeana G Bec bull H f
Oramosa L C al
Oxalidaceae RBr
Oxalis acetosella L bull H f
Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd
Paeoniaceae Rudolphi
Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic
Papaveraceae Juss
Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd
Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r
Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs
Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd
Parnassiaceae SFGray
Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm
Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f
Phytolaccaceae RBr
Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh
182
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r
Planceolata L bull CDFH mss
Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd
Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs
Polygalaceae RBr
Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr
Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian
Polygonaceae Juss
Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m
Charkev)
subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m
Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss
P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss
Paviculare L CDFH rdalf
Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal
Ralpestris Jacq bull H m
Ralpinus L bull H m
Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd
Primulaceae Vent
Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd
Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian
Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs
Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian
Avillosa L bull HJ bsr
Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian
Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh
Primula algida Adams bull HJ m
Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss
Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh
Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian
Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh
Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian
Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f
Pyrolaceae Dumort
Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh
183
Pminor L bull H fsh
Protundifolia L bull H f
Ranunculaceae Juss
Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm
Aorientale Mill bull H m
Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian
Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m
Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian
Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m
Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s
Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m
Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f
Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian
Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian
Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian
Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian
Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian
Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic
Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian
Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms
Rbulbosus L bull C m
R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian
Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian
Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f
Rchius DC C D rd
Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian
Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m
Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf
Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm
Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m
Rhamnaceae Juss
184
Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr
Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic
Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r
Rosaceae Juss
Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f
Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m
Adura Bus bull H bs
Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian
Aobtegens Juz bull H m
Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m
Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs
Asericea Willd bull H shbs
Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr
Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic
Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm
Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f
Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs
Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd
Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f
Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh
Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv
Gurbanum L bull CDF m
Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh
Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f
Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f
Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm
Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic
Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm
Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic
Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm
Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf
Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m
Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf
Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic
Precta L bull CD rdm
185
Preptans L bull CDF rdm
Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian
Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f
Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f
Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian
Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh
Rcanina L ђ CDF fr
Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr
Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm
Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf
R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian
Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh
Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh
Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr
Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f
Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic
Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr
Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic
Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh
Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm
Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh
Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian
Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic
Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic
Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian
Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f
Rubiaceae Juss
Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm
A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr
Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr
Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r
G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss
G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f
Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal
Salicaceae Mirb
186
Populus tremula L yen CDFH f
Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f
Sapoda Trautv ђ H f
Scaprea L yen CDFH f
Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian
Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic
Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh
S nigra L ђ CDFH f
Santalaceae RBr
Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh
Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh
Saxifragaceae Juss
Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r
S cymbalaria L CDF srf
Sexarata Vill bull HJ r
Smoschata Wul bull HJ r
S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian
Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr
Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs
Scrophulariaceae Juss
Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian
Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh
E pectinata Ten CDFH msh
E petiolaris Wettst H rbs
Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic
Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian
Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr
Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr
Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic
Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m
Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m
Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh
P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh
Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m
P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm
187
Rhinanthus minor L J m
Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m
Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh
Silwensis C Koch H shms
Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf
Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f
Snodosa L bull C frd
Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd
Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r
S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f
Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian
Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh
Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn
Vthapsus L CDF m
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s
Varmena Boiss bull H s
Vbeccabunga L bull H s
Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic
Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd
Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh
Vhederifolia L C ssr
Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian
Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm
Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f
Vpersica Poir CDFH rd
Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd
Simaroubaceae DC
Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f
Solanaceae Juss
Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian
Datura stramonium L CDF rd
Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd
Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd
Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss
Solanum nigrum L CDF alss
188
Staphyleaceae Lindl
Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f
Thymelaeaceae Juss
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm
D glomerata Lam ђ H shm
D mezereum L ђ H f
D pontica L ђ CDF f
Tiliaceae Juss
Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil
T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f
Ulmaceae Mirb
Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD
Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f
Urticaceae Juss
Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf
Vacciniaceae SFGray
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh
Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh
Vuliginosum L ђ H m
V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m
Valerianaceae Batsch
Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf
Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic
Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian
Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs
Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian
Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd
Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss
Verbenaceae J St-Hil
Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd
Viburnaceae Rafin
Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh
V opulus L ђ CDFH f
V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh
Violaceae Batsch
Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f
189
V arvensis Murr CDFH rd
V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh
V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic
V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m
V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr
V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian
MONOCOTILEDONEAE
Alliaceae JAgardh +
Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr
Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian
Arotundum L bull CDF frbs
A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr
A ursinum L bull C f
Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian
Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian
Araceae Juss
Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum
(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh
Commelinaceae RBr
Commelina communis L C ssal
Convallariaceae Horan
Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f
Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f
P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f
Cyperaceae Juss
Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh
Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m
Cdigitata L bull C ffr
Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss
Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh
Cleporina L bull CDFH sms
Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian
C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m
Cpendula Huds bull CD f
Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh
Cpontica Albov bull H m
190
Cremota L bull CDF f
Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s
Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f
Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn
Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms
Dioscoreaceae RBr
Tamus communis L bull C f
Hyacinthaceae Batsch
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic
Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic
Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf
Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic
Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm
Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic
Iridaceae Juss
Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m
Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m
Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic
Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m
Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s
J bufonius L CDFH s
Jeffusus L bull CDFH f
Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh
L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m
Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f
Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf
pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m
Liliaceae Juss
Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic
F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian
Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic
Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic
varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic
191
Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr
Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m
Melanthiacaea Batsch
Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)
SchueblampMartens] bull H m
Orchidaceae Juss
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh
Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f
Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f
Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf
Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm
Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms
D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh
invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m
Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh
Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh
Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f
Orchis pallens L bull H m
O picta Loisel bull H m
Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m
Poaceae Barnhart
Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd
Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f
Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal
Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m
Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh
Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s
Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch
Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs
flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh
Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m
Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata
(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs
Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m
192
B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m
Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh
Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss
Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s
Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal
Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal
Cechinatus L GH fmsh
Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh
Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn
Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn
Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal
Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss
Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s
Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr
Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh
F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh
Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr
Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh
Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m
Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh
Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s
Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian
Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m
Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh
Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss
Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm
Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus
europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f
Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m
Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic
Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian
Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m
193
Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f
Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian
Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal
Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs
Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr
Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m
Poa annua L bull H ms
Palpina L bull H m
P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr
Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf
Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr
Psupina Schrad H mms
Ptrivialis L bull C ms
Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)
Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides
(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr
Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f
Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf
Potamogetonaceae Dumort
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s
Pnatans L bull H s
Ruscaceae Hutch
Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh
R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh
Smilacaceae Vent
Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh
Trilliaceae Lindl
Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh
194
danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi
xe (yen)
buCqi (ђ)
xe an buCqi (yenђ)
liana (L)
gvimra (P)
erTwliani balaxovnebi ()
orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)
habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd
D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd
F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd
H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi
wmndash Warbteniani mdelo
sc ndash scree
m ndash mdelo
fm ndash tye- mdelo
fr ndash tye-klde
r ndash klde
sr ndash sveli kldeebi
bs-qva-RorRi
hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba
endemuroba
Caucasian-kavkasiis
Kolchic-kolxeTis
Georgian-saqarTvelos
Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis
Ajaraian- aWaris
195
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
შახეობა
ჩრდილის
ამტანი
სინათლის
მოყვარული
სითბოს
მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch
ქონდარა ღვია + + +
Jsabina L
კაზაკური ღვია + + +
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი + + +
Taxus baccata L
უთხოვარი + + +
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი + + +
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე + + +
A trautveterii Medw
მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Rhus coriaria L
თუთუბო + + +
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი + + +
Berberis vulgaris L
კოწახური + + +
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +
196
Aincana (L) Moench
ნაცარა მურყანი + + +
Betula litwinowii Doluch
ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +
B medwedewii Regel
მედვედევის არყი + + +
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა + + +
Lonicera caprifolium L
ჯიქა + +
Ljaponica Thunb
იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +
L caucasica Pall
წერწა + + +
Euonymus europaea L
კიდობანა + + +
Elatifolia (L) Mill
ტაბლაყურა + + +
E leiophloea Stev
ჭანჭყატი + + + +
Swida australis (CAMey)
შინდანწლა + + +
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა + + +
Corientalis Mill
ჯაგრცხილა + + +
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა + + +
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall
დეკა + + +
Rluteum Sweet
იელი + +
+
Rponticum L + + +
197
პონტოური შქერი
Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze
სოხაძის შქერი + +
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი +
+
Robinia pseudacacia L
ცრუაკაცია + + +
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა + + +
Q pontica CKoch
პონტოური მუხა + + +
Ribes alpinum L
მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +
Hypericum androsaemum L
კრაზანა + + +
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე + + +
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk
ლაფანი + + +
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი + + +
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +
Foxycarpa Willd
კავკასიური იფანი + + +
Ligustrum vulgare L
კვიდო + + +
198
L japonicum Thunb
იაპონური კვიდო
Clematis vitalba L
კატაბარდა + + +
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი + + +
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი + + +
Cerasus avum (L) Moench
ბალამწარა + + +
Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem
წყავი + + +
Mespilus germanica L
ზღმარტლი + + +
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი + + +
Pyracantha coccinea MRoem
ჩიტავაშლა + + +
Pyrus balansae Decne
ბერყენა + + +
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი + + +
Rosa boissieri Crep
ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +
Rcanina L
ასკილი + + +
Rcorymbifera Borkh
ასკილი
Rubus caucasicus Focke
კავკასიური მაყვალი + +
R woronowii (Surde) Surde
ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +
Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss
ჭნავი + + +
Spiraea japonica Lfil
იაპონური გრაკლა + + +
199
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
Salix alba L
წნორი + + +
Scaprea L
მდგნალი + +
S caucasica Anderss
ტირიფი + + +
Sambucus nigra L
დიდიგულა + + +
Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle
ხემყრალა + + +
Staphylea pinnata L
ჟონჯოლი + +
Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb
იალღუნი
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed
ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +
Dmezereum L
მაჯაღვერი + + +
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი + + +
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა + + +
Uscarba Mill
თელამუში + + +
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი + + +
Vuliginosum L
ლურჯი მოცვი + + +
Viburnum lantana L + + +
200
უზანი
Vopulus L
ძახველი + +
+
Vitis vinifera L
ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა + +
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო + + +
Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)
ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +
Hpastuchowii Woronow
პასტუხოვის სურო + +
201
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobis reliqturoba
სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული
პერიოდის
Yყინულოვანი
პერიოდის
პოლტავის
ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი
+
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი
+
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი
+
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი
+
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე
+
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი
+
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი
+
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა
+
Elatifolia (L) Mill
თაბლაყურა
+
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა
+
Corientalis Mill
ჟაგრცხილა
+
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი
+
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა
+
Rluteum Sweet +
202
იელი
Rponticum L
პონტოური შქერი
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი
+
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი
+
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ
+
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
+
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა
+
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე
+
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი
+
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი
+
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი
+
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი
+
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი
+
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი
+
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
+
Salix alba L
ჭნორი
+
Scaprea L
მდგნალი
+
Staphylea pinnata L
ჯონჯოლი
+
Dmezereum L +
203
მაჯაღვერი
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი
+
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი
+
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა
+
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი
+
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი
+
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა
+
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო
+
- 204 -
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia
sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება
ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)
ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812
ქორდიანები
ხერხემლიანები
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
1 2 3 4
რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +
რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი
ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი
Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +
ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი
Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +
ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი
Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +
Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +
Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +
რიგი Esociformes -
- 205 -
ოჯახი Esocidae -
Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +
ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +
ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +
რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +
კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები
რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +
რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +
ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +
ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +
ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +
კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები
ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +
Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +
ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +
- 206 -
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977) თურქული ხვლიკი
+
ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +
Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი
Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +
ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი
Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +
კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები
რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +
რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი
ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +
რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +
Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +
რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი
ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი
Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +
Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +
Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +
Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +
რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი
ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +
- 207 -
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +
Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +
Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +
Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოკარკაზი
+ +
ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი
Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +
Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +
ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +
რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი
ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +
ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი
Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +
რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი
- 208 -
ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი
Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +
ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი
Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია
Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია
Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +
ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +
რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი
ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი
Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +
რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი
ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +
რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი
ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი
Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +
Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +
Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +
Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +
რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +
რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი
Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +
რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი
ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +
ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +
- 209 -
რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი
ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი
Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +
რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი
Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg
1833) სირიული კოდალა
+
Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა
რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი
ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +
ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +
ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +
ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის
შაშვი
+ +
ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +
Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +
ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +
ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი
Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +
- 210 -
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +
ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი
Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +
Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +
ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +
ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +
Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი
მემატლია
+ +
Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +
ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +
ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი
Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +
Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +
ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი
Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +
Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +
ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +
ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი
Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +
Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +
Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +
ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +
- 211 -
ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +
Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოცეცხლა
+ +
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +
Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +
კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები
რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები
ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი
Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული
ზღარბი
+
ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი
Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +
Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +
ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი
Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +
Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +
რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები
ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა
Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე
Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +
Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი
ნატერერის მღამიობი
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +
- 212 -
Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი
ნათუზიუსის ღამორი
+ +
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +
რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი
ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +
Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი
რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები
ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი
Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)
მემინდვრია
+
Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +
ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი
Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +
Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +
Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +
Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +
Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +
ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +
Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +
ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +
რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები
ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +
Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +
ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +
ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი
- 213 -
Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +
Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +
ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +
რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები
ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +
ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი
Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +
ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი
- 214 -
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis
tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 215 -
danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 5 -
teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 49731576 heqtars Seadgens rac Cveni
qveynis mTliani teritoriis daaxloebiT 7-ia
aWaraSi pirveli daculi teritoriebi _ kintriSisa da ciskaras
saxelmwifo nakrZalebi _ 1959 wels Seiqmna Tumca xanmokle periodis
Semdeg _ 1961 wels daudgeneli mizezebis gamo ndash ciskaras saxelmwifo
nakrZali gauqmda
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi dRes daarsebulia 4 kategoriis
daculi teritoria kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali (saerTo farTobiT
1070300 ha) kintriSis daculi landSafti (saerTo farTobiT 319000 ha)
mtiralas erovnuli parki (1580600 ha) maWaxelas erovnuli parki (873300
ha) qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali (33125 ha) da qobuleTis aRkveTili
(43875 ha) sul 3920200 ha rac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis (ar)
mTliani farTobis (2900 kvkm) 1351-s da aWaris a r tyiT dafaruli
farTobis (2013056 ha rac Seadgens aWaris ar mTliani teritoriis 694-
s) 1351-s Seadgens
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlis da misi Semdgomi monitoringis
prioritetul mimarTulebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi kavSiri
saerTaSoriso konvenciiT ldquobiologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxebrdquo (The
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 httpwwwcbdint ) Cveni qveynis mier
aRebul valdebulebebTan saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis
strategiiTa da moqmedebaTa gegmiT gansazRvrul habitatebis da
saxeobebis in situ da ex situ konservaciis samTavrobo prioritetTan
(saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da moqmedebis
gegma saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N27 2005 wlis 19 Tebervali
httpmoegovgefileslicenziabsap_gepdf) saqarTvelos garemos dacvis
moqmedebaTa mesame erovnul programasTan (NEAP-2 wwwaarhusge) aseve
sxva saerTaSoriso garemosdacviT konvenciebTan da programebTan
romelTa wevric aris saqarTvelo
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mravalferovnebis
tipologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Seswavla da grZelvadiani
- 6 -
konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero
da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens
Temis aqtualoba
cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia
Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa
siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis
Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-
erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel
wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-
giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis
siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L
Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis
dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic
gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa
da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis
gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu
daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben
dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur
tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)
amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es
monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli
saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi
uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris
(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT
sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis
farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)
gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT
niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas
erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc
- 7 -
florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-
dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi
teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis
gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da
mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess
Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash
dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma
momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam
Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT
eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis
aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi
teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri
(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in
situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias
Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi
teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis
piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali
xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi
formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis
(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli
teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur
struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze
gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis
kanonzomierebebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri
da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod
did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da
gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria
- 8 -
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi
kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis
saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis
Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani
saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis
dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis
biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis
damuSaveba
kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda
- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis
analizi
- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri
maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis
gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis
Sefaseba
- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi
da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis
kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
kvlevis meTodebi
tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis
meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis
(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g
naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)
Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi
tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad
eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac
gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo
- 9 -
farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis
ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)
sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa
da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis
safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo
simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba
mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi
cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba
mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani
mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-
ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia
Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s
Cop (CopiosusCopostal)
Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90
Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-
dafaruloba 50-70
Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50
Sp (Sparsussporsal)
Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30
Sp2 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 20
Sp1 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10
Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-
dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde
Un Unicum- erTi individi
tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos
florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева
1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе
Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM
Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili
d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis
- 10 -
adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004
wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da
saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri
nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995
Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis
periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi
tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis
meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da
lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle
da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris
Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni
da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis
Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala
saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul
siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe
Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian
Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report
(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus
Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili
G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D
Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem
ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris
safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)
- 11 -
daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe
2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)
merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis
reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)
monacemebTan SedarebiT
sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad
gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT
aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena
sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad
daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)
cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis
aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis
administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis
gamoyenebiT
mecnieruli siaxle
kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia
imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis
fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba
- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi
damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi
- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio
maCveneblebi
- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da
saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani
taqsonebis mravalferovneba
- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi
fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da
- 12 -
mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis
jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis
mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi
- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali
taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa
sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba
- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul
mdgomareobas
- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris
da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba
- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Taviseburebebi
- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis
Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli
menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis
- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis
samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli
informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani
saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb
naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli
Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da
axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro
- 13 -
teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis
gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore
saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-
sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze
publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8
samecniero statiaD
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi
moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16
qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da
rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris
96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia
kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi
teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md
yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi
mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da
agroekosistemebi
samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis
sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi
obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli
meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri
baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors
qalbaton nino memiaZes
- 14 -
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos
kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis
xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul
saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa
daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas
erovnuli parki
mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures
dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves
(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis
centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo
Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)
- 15 -
ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis
SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar
miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi
(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT
parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis
satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis
satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)
calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria
dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad
warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi
kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275
ha-s Seadgens
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso
kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac
aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis
reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis
qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT
aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis
wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo
- 16 -
qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan
Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami
mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare
Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli
kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo
da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli
monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka
112)
ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT
Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara
satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar
farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
- 17 -
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba
CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis
farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis
ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki
rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis
daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi
garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi
romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da
qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-
nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad
daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)
aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba
saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)
gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ
konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi
aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi
teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi
gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)
maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis
xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis
ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash
rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT
kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)
- 18 -
ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi
ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro
monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze
- 19 -
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da
maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis
dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis
TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash
MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami
daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis
prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-
KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p
httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-
development-issues) (ruka 115)
ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT
miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656
httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)
- 20 -
12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi
geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani
aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli
periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad
qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT
(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad
zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa
- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)
- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)
- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)
- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)
umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da
miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari
gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi
wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da
zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris
gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani
reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma
xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan
aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba
rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al
javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4
ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)
- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan
- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde
- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde
zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures
samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi
zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro
- 21 -
zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi
zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan
aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8
kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac
misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs
gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes
SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli
magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens
MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur
gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea
romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT
gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro
orografiul raions
mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi
Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)
qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad
ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani
eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da
mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da
eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba
ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi
adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016
m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv
mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli
zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi
adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino
saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia
naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)
rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis
umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da
orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos
- 22 -
kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT
dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli
zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo
grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT
sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda
pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi
aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia
xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira
dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da
mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi
agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-
andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da
tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali
bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT
gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac
dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis
saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi
fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli
avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT
gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze
13 Hhava
bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa
damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi
teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi
cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis
uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs
waagavs
notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis
aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis
maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan
axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic
- 23 -
xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs
atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris
zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs
(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava
yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan
mkacrdeba
atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas
erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken
miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas
haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac
Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur
tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis
mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs
mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo
maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan
1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa
raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da
zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs
uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-
Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili
savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis
pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis
dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia
gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees
imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias
ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas
iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo
nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili
zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir
cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)
tipebis kanonzomier cvlas
- 24 -
zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs
temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi
zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre
sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian
mxareSic
sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad
ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli
uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian
sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs
Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba
aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari
meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan
dRemde
cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis
obieqtebze
Mmeteo-
sadguri
zd
simaR
m-Si
Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67
boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93
dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88
CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74
aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi
haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia
bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia
- 25 -
kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев
1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)
saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis
mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul
tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa
klimatis semdegi tipebi
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati
Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-
500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-
temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi
iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami
Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli
klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri
temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT
Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s
ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda
aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll
bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris
ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara
nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis
CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli
saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da
100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa
yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris
Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde
zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips
- 26 -
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati
vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi
Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da
naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura
Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-
mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali
fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000
mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-
s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia
yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi
Seadgens -16-170С-s
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba
teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s
yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi
minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi
Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati
moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde
gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli
xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves
maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva
reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis
simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli
vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi
- 27 -
pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani
tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis
daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si
14 niadgebi
aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze
intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris
mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba
XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v
dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina
kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da
warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis
Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli
klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi
dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani
monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri
Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951
SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983
falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe
manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe
manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933
Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе
Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис
Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)
saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7
milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-
fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-
riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis
- 28 -
mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-
bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens
saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma
da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-
agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma
Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da
Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-
uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris
moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris
erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-
ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis
Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi
saxesxvaobebi
wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli
zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-
Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo
mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis
martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-
savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-
li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-
tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies
tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-
aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis
mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-
Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs
kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs
advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea
- 29 -
cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
klimatis daxasiaTeba
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia
yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura
aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi
minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo
100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-
47000С-s
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali
magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili
xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi
raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri
temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi
minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde
(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis
xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
- 30 -
gagrZeleba cxrili 132
1 2 3 4
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -
80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-
3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze
Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-
1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo
temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -
16-170С-mde
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da
mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina
klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia
temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze
civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde
absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio
periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa
da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi
zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi
aRwevs 35-45 Tves
- 31 -
amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-
wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad
klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani
nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-
nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi
erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-
cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-
ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-
eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi
mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-
is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT
mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani
sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba
yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili
farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da
vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-
gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-
aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-
kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea
gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia
aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-
onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze
arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti
teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-
lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-
filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis
Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-
uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-
niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis
- 32 -
bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva
kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos
niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis
monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe
1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi
teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri
zonaloba
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli
Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi
am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de
ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi
gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad
ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil
classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da
wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an
Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am
mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi
gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba
wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi
SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri
SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi
aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani
farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic
Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda
nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-
yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian
zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi
formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar
- 33 -
emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic
formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi
saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am
niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba
yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs
Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave
reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis
sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown
forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-
Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi
aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es
niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis
araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi
aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi
(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi
sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-
mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -
s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan
gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli
profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod
erodirebulia
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli
- 34 -
FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da
torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi
vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si
15 hidrografia
Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia
mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas
axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze
mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia
qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi
Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis
samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani
zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da
Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT
gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod
rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare
kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs
xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba
dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg
kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas
saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea
romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens
mraval CanCqers
zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT
SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele
Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof
zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara
qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT
garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis
- 35 -
Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea
abSila da sxv)
aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis
naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa
CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian
uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli
warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia
60-90 lwm
garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan
2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac
dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da
gruntis wylebiT
nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian
mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas
hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia
xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac
mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo
faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT
biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT
gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis
formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT
kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da
qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti
sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri
Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе
19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a
mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi
- 36 -
cxrili 141 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori
saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli
(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da
gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric
Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric
Cambisols)
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali
niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT
(Gleic Cambisols)
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District
Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)
- 37 -
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis
CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am
droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da
naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa
meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi
zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis
samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad
gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa
gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro
farTod gavrcelda
pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia
SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev
wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo
foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis
wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT
qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda
rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier
gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava
(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis
SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri
da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi
qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi
magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani
mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga
kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila
Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi
nekerCxali da sxva
meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime
gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis
qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv
xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde
myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis
- 38 -
vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac
ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi
SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi
romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani
saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis
kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _
zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi
dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi
wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi
(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)
naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis
kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli
mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic
dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul
sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic
pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli
epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara
qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis
teritoriebze
ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo
ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT
Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda
wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500
dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis
aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis
midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)
zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis
mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi
- 39 -
zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo
SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles
nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis
Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave
ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris
mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris
bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis
uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan
morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am
periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri
sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda
farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis
fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi
soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi
meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia
myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul
holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs
mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi
Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis
daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli
formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT
saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _
murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo
sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani
tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi
gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi
subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma
Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)
periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier
gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT
- 40 -
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier
Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi
saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua
holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic
kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda
aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc
yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi
igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
- 41 -
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri
reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da
faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze
seiqmna daculi landSafti
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia
13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts
3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia
aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT
daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14
anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20
anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02
saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs
warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi
marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa
daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves
xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni
mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis
Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens
maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash
tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan
pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash
mis sazRvrebs gareT
- 42 -
kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da
xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian
zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md
kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis
farglebSi)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli
niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi
teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze
maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan
tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis
saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis
proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs
ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia
saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha
anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT
wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis
wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian
murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)
wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)
koromebi (cxrili 211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum
Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum
rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum
rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum
subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad
damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-
- 43 -
buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis
agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi
mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani
monawileobiT
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)
modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis
donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)
zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur
saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)
(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის
(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze
xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac
tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze
meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT
Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis
Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT
mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)
tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi
produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის
დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი
ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული
ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის
ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის
კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)
kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis
udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha
anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo
maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT
dafaruli farTobisa
- 44 -
cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis
ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT
gabatonebuli saxeoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
Mmtiralas erovnuli parki
sul
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
muryani
rcxila (T+a)
wabli (T+a)
muxa (T+a)
wifeli
naZvi
Sqeri da wyavi
sxva merqnianebi
sul
4560
36
5730
45
28620
223
-
71290
555
1390
11
14830
115
1980
15
128400
100
496
22
808
36
4015
181
-
15985
717
404
18
465
21
106
05
22279
100
20440
130
7898
503
5448
35
-
102880
6553
-
-
17000
1082
3324
212
156990
100
2348
1145
10103
492
3202
156
-
164253
8010
-
-
3422
167
588
03
205048
100
25000
876
13628
477
34068
1194
-
174170
6102
1390
11
31830
1115
5304
126
285390
100
2844
665
18183
425
43352
1013
324103
7575
404
18
8072
104
1648
038
427838
100
- 45 -
cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili 213 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT
daculi teritoria
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba
boniteti sixSire
I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki
17180
133
88542
564
85820
668
50237
320
25400
199
18211
116
35490
277
22293
142
43700
340
55731
355
49210
383
78966
503
daculi
teritoriebi
xnovanebiTi jgufi
axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da
uxnesi
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
75
06
17583
112
1292
104
122452
780
2118
160
9262
59
9355
730
7692
49
- 46 -
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash III 6
saSualo sixSire ndash 059
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm
saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md
kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo
tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba
mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)
xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare
kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze
(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)
axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod
xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)
varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla
TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50
wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es
pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma
xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas
soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac
xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili
amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens
dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis
teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino
werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-
zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle
droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)
- 47 -
cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi
administraciuli
erTeuli
saSualo maragi Semateba
mwife da
uxnesi
koromebis
farTobebi
(ha)
xno
vaneb
a
boni
tet
i
sixSir
e
saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
116
III-6
059
22279
1740
17747
1900
179
14
93550
48
sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da
saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)
kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas
Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi
sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa
winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac
iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo
anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq
raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze
adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze
pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da
kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT
(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis
aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze
zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan
da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda
rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas
misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 8 tona
lobio 1 tona
kartofili 6 tona
bostneuli 1 tona
xili 5 tona
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi
mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi
landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens
49
mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi
produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili
tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi
mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs
mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli
bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3
tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri
mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis
wyaroa
xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis
moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da
zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani
roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero
da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi
aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da
saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi
mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe
merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-
mde farglebSi magaliTad
2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani
2010 welSi gaica 420 kubm saSeSe merqani
2011 welSi gaica 37 kubm saSeSe merqani
2012 welSi gaica 5592 kubm saSeSe merqani
50
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar
dafiqsirebula
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi
obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia
adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod
samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul
marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia
mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani
kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012
wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro
vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia
2007 weli 0
2008 weli 458
2009 weli 1577
2010 weli 3464
2011 weli 3212
2012 weli 4800
bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli
meurneoba
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali
etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer
kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis
SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis
teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros
(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo
am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda
51
aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi
parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo
gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis
teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli
parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi
tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli
zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da
reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am
teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis
yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze
xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis
ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul
ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas
mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis
ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis
formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri
cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da
aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood
dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze
sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra
mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri
biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri
tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
52
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo
farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis
tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da
dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac
uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT
sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da
soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis
municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva
xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru
qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis
mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT
dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens
merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi
rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli
(Castanea sativa)
xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini
umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze
didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis
sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06
sixSiris koromebze
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris
ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm
tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m
simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 141 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash II-6
saSualo sixSire ndash 062
53
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 2050 kbm
saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm
mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis
garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze
anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar
SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi
saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs
specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba
eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad
dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi
sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis
damzadebis samuSaoebi
aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri
mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria
xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi
xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad
saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)
tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen
nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad
Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis
samuSaoebi
xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad
hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna
mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad
xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili
tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi
gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da
teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali
intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze
zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda
54
tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo
Wrebi warmoadgenda
zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis
manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad
SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gaumjobesdeba
unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT
ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad
damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili
teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT
buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs
intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili
aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas
Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis
mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi
monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul
gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan
iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari
gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT
Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq
saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis
tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis
teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia
daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare
teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa
umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis
tyis farTobebze
2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad
sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da
buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans
misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli
55
zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da
vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda
vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad
realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis
buferuli zonis soflebSi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam
Seadgina
2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli
2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)
2009 weli daiSva 229855 kubm (aTvisebulia 83000 kubm)
2010 weli daiSva 279899 kubm (aTvisebulia 114889 kubm)
2011 weli daiSva 151907 kubm (aTvisebulia 20538 kubm)
2012 weli daiSva 18444 kubm (aTvisebulia 75896 kubm)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 659 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1648 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 754 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 0674 kubm
2012 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 140 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
169500 kubm
2008 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
298300 kubm
2009 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
139900 kubm
56
2010 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
173000 kubm
2011 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
187900 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli
mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 4195 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 552 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1769 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 5430 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 581 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-
tyis moculoba 582 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan
uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli
Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis
soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils
tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da
mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT
nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba
adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan
gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi
memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod
weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 5712 tona
lobio 576 tona
kartofili 3408 tona
bostneuli 3049 tona
xili 1249 tona
57
yurZeni 2097 tona
citrusi 6700 tona
Tambaqo 11 tona
sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri
meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis
didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba
bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia
warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad
momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis
gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema
unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis
xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare
teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali
mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac
citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli
nawilis realizeba xdeba
mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi
memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242
tona rZe 1172800 litri
2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 4510 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 40-dan 115
tonamde Tafli
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis
ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964
ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod
Seadgens
wabli 416 tona
kakali 141 8 tona
mocvi 154 tona
58
mayvali 25 tona
soko 15 tona
dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia
TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi
yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi
Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi
yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi
TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris
dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis
dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis
samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze
miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi
xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15
mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria
sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s
saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli
wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs
mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT
irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis
sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis
infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-
RameSi
mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli
warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo
simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi
mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30
Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs
(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi
bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben
daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi
59
mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde
uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar
ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof
CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa
centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa
patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian
saavtomobilo gzas
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar
aRiniSneba
mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2
adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks
yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian
vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod
35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis
rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul
vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3
dRiT
turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis
administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi
vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti
- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili
- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani
- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani
vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia
2007 weli 69
2008 weli 628
2009 weli 2533
2010 weli 15350
2011 weli 19400
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137
60
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis
departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas
erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi
2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 108 sacxovrebel Senobaze 9 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad
qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22
ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-
qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-
rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-
rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
2008 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-
Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli
- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
61
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-
vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 117 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 5 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 37 sacxovrebeli saxli
qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli
procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15
maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)
rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis
dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar
dafiqsirebula
aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-
ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis
gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da
racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos
tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-
higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva
garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone
mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra
62
Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da
ZiriTadi formaciebi)
biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)
mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs
struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva
niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
(Whittaker 1972)
tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da
biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966
baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis
Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da
saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens
garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri
mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli
Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis
SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C
Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai
Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин
2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев
2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)
dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J
63
Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran
Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)
konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas
da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis
istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis
dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng
Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann
Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский
2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)
sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da
subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri
metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo
Jukka 2007)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT
floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT
evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis
floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis
xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri
warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli
periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es
farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda
axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da
mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis
pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da
wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur
merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs
kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels
xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis
64
damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli
Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa
warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers
aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi
nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an
krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom
igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens
zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis
Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi
kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri
wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli
balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus
ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _
lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS
zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi
mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi
romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi
elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac
maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi
xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava
mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli
niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis
Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi
balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens
xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da
mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul
olqebs uaxlovdeba
mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel
subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari
subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo
aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva
mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba
65
tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi
acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma
tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa
foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli
saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma
formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva
mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad
daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba
mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis
vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi
erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba
da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi
satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi
ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis
dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis
mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi
iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad
sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis
pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve
mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli
farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli
papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969
gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001
2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani
2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998
manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010
daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)
fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis
mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze
ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis
66
ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur
erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am
mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens
romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli
Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa
konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе
1974)
Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis
asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-
tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25
asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
Sqeriani (azonaluria)
subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas
erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis
ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi
niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben
mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri
67
sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan
erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia
Semdegi sartylebiT
kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli
foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-
wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa
da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani
tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani
tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli
foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli
(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi
bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-
dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye
ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq
SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier
anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli
kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da
notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da
mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi
merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT
lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi
Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane
saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m
simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis
(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)
muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)
romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-
wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-
wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus
baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis
romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes
Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva
foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi
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meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT
kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum
opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus
barbata Carpinus caucasica
mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane
iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis
Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic
xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis
SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro
iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian
Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus
maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis
tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza
gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv
Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri
suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)
romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki
SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria
agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze
xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT
yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis
saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus
balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов
1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da
sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani
safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi
mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur
cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant
Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula
69
forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva
balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi
buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali
mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv
kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis
Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii
Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea
spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula
europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon
orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica
zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da
tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso
uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze
xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi
gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina
Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album
Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da
sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium
majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul
ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica
aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani
safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba
ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da
balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am
safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic
rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri
faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils
iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi
Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)
70
11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirenti- fruticosa)
1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic
Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm
A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia
Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus
officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia
Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis
scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol
2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus
glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides
iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus
officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana
Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75
iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen
adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant
Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol
3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba
300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-
200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea
sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus
colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum
Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80
71
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris
incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol
wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba
rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde
erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi
wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli
da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris
wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis
tyis qvesartyeli
wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus
orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra
Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli
SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli)
qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium
arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus
lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus
lupulus Periploca graeca
balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom
tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur
sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva
cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT
xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi
mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT
xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan
iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia
strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir
Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben
balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli
saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga
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cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum
buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum
Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita
pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul
adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo
tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv
wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)
21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)
iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides
sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
73
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica
Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia
qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90
iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum
Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina
Digitalis ferruginea - Sp
2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-
Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus
officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli
dafaruloba 30-35
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys
silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp
3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli
dafaruloba 50-70
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
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sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)
dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer
laetum+Taxus baccata
iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R
hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80
iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli
dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana
intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp
5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia
150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera
colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos
iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli
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22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta
nuda herbosa)
1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron
ponticum
iarusi C ar aris
2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 700-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus
iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum
iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp
3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus
baccata
iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum
Hedera colchica
iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -
Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula
europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp
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23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta
aestifruticosa)
1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=30 m Dt=52 sm A=140w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
rcxila Carpinus betulus
iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum
Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507
iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp
2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus
orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa
Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine
impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola
odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp
3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m
zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti
edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica
iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1
Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp
xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad
warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT
(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis
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aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi
ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri
didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium
tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi
sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)
wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea
gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur
safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi
wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo
zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis
nakrZalSi)
sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)
wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana
Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa
da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis
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lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis
SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur
suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan
safarSi ufro monawileobs
balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye
mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula
odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa
napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800
m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri
sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus
ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata
Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum
sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites
albus Calamintha grandiflora
wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi
sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye
yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia
Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis
monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus
grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv
wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)
31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip
iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
79
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus
Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia
Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp
2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana
damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40
iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon
Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2
sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
80
3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1700 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia
begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica Rusucus colchicus
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-1700 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (sur 315)
iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea
sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus
torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus
caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica
proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula
odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp
5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)
iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm
A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii
B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion
angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp
81
sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta
aestifruticosa)
1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 316)
iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea
sativa
iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata
Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1
Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp
82
sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
83
2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1000-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 317)
iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium
arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -
Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum
buplerioides ndashSp
3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba
70
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus
Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1
33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)
1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1400 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 318)
iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)
doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus
avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60
iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa
Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1
84
2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=
140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli
dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana
schischtocalyx- Cop1
sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti
edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus
85
iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia
strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta
Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2
34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)
1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)
dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica
iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli
2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1200 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus
Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1
3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=
110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-
femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis
abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1
86
4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-
mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum
iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca
montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium
psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2
5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betuluss+Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus
Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-
Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp
6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana
Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus
caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum
asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2
87
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa
gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da
TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli
Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis
merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri
sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma
unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da
ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki
gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur
319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera
damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~
uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da
warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex
colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es
cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis
namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis
uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT
mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli
88
sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~
Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia
Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv
7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-
1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus
colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex
colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera
colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides
iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis
scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp
subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde
vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod
kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili
(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili
(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli
tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia
romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da
buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF
Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli
romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri
subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis
elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT
saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi
subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad
specifikuri tipebi
subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da
warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri
meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT
89
am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri
dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da
aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum
orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii
swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos
subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT
arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT
tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod
mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi
monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer
trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula
buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi
monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes
alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv
kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi
magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro
xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve
gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris
oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum
Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da
RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum
nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv
maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii
C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari
polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene
ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P
nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima
Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha
Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva
90
subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc
tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad
gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi
arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis
samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi
gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе
Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod
mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S
colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum
Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum
Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum
Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv
subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da
maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba
rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia
Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis
Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus
caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT
erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli
dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis
friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da
dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad
cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi
formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi
adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac
ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq
gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul
dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla
aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G
psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv
91
ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad
gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii
Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum
Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian
adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana
Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum
Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs
samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze
gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina
da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio
pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv
subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)
41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca
proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella
Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1
42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)
1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa
subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
92
iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus
iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum
Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx
Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2
Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1
subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti
batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis
(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT
saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis
subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi
cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi
romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul
aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum
nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus
nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens
Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S
cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata
Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H
sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda
maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal
saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla
elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv
93
zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-
lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs
uwodeben
subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar
gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri
mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT
Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-
nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi
marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum
odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum
alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs
saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali
ferdobebi uWiravT
marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan
erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica
grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba
tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze
ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-
qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts
Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad
gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia
A albana da sxv
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras
(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari
kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica
Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale
Potentilla erecta da sxv
saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-
dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras
saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium
94
Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus
astrantiefolius da sxv
sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari
polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria
latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur
mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze
gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic
mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine
seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi
aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m
daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко
Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis
dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis
mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis
uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov
1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT
aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba
romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo
raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT
iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi
95
kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele
muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT
romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan
gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18
gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni
arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572
gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-
38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens
cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis
dacul teritoriebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)
taqsonomiuri jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta
13 18 29
Spermatophyta
103 574 865
Gymnospermae
3 2 5
Angiospermae
100 572 861
Dicotyledones
83 494 721
Monocotyledones
17 78 140
sul
116 593 894
96
rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis
erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac
daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri
struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis
konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus
Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8
cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi
urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri
mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi
liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi
Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794
3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255
97
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27
iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis
nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian
balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba
maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare
xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi
balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106
(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze
didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani
mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi
merqniani saxeobebia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi
kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli
evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri
elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo
formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi
xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad
Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki
Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-
98
rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-
lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia
warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-
s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da
evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom
nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)
99
diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad
dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306
gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3221)
cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi
erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi
SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba
romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66
Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22
Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 544 - s Seadgens
taqsonomiuri
jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta 13 16 25
Spermatophyta 93 289 496
Gymnospermae 1 1 1
Angiospermae 92 288 495
Dicotyledones 76 242 428
Monocotyledones 16 46 67
sul 107 306 522
100
M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222
cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive
florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da
Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT
gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli
parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT
mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi
zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-
alpuri sartylebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 66 126 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 35 67 Poaceae 146 794
3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 16 3 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255
101
floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic
esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-
5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa
sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT
urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri
parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-
buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 419
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 116
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 36
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 20
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod
maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935
wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi
marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini
raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier
gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian
bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris
elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419
(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)
mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo
102
formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca
gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens
xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-
67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-
65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3221)
kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk
diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris
msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis
floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara
103
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi
mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis
floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi
acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul
originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo
romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT
aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia
mocemulia danarTi 1-Si
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis
moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1
mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis
1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
floris endemebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa
da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-
bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur
floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-
genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-
reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken
endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia
da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis
104
dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis
sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad
ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris
floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad
migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs
saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis
geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis
M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa
warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s
Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)
sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba
sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili
orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 42 ojaxsa da 97 gvarSi
saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13
Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum
Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT
arian warmodgenili
mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo
formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT
Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba
aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis
endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis
amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul
teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze
endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446
kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9
saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis
endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans
diagramaze (diagrama 331)
105
kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan
kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5
aWaris-3
mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22
(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2
kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas
erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis
amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis
umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris
warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi
Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var
adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana
swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria
dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas
kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic
mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum
arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum
cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora
swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur
sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
106
diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis
mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba
bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da
arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal
bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan
erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero
ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi
dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri
Tanafardoba
ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali
frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis
mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa
da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT
heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis
niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze
107
yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca
swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad
daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli
ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew
ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da
cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes
XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier
floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da
kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo
romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da
gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili
eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis
Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad
garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli
monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze
muSaoba
elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan
dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa
da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac
umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis
rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis
winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia
Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da
habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba
uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama
mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-
108
neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis
farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa
mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli
ekoregionis mravalferovnebas
1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom
miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa
gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara
samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma
gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da
msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis
komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva
sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac
saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi
EX ndash gadaSenebuli
EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli
CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi
EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi
VU ndash mowyvladi
NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi
LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas
DD ndash arasruli monacemebi
NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli
saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi
gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli
aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi
2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso
wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im
kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba
gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT
109
wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa
ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac
saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas
saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56
saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia
aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus
sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne
albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya
carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus
pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica
Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea
orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)
veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia
mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G
woronowii)
kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa
da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom
kintiSis dacul teritoriebze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya
pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa
110
Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria
pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus
decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii
Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 69 saxeoba (248 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 8 saxeoba (80 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana
Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G
woronowii
cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa
konservaciis statusi
konservaciis statusi
kintriSi Mmtirala NP
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006
11 - (VU)
2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)
sul 13 12
kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012
151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)
8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)
6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)
6 -(DD) -
111
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis
daavadebebi
bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil
daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens
mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe
2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda
muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo
foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda
1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -
1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -
1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))
1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))
3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)
4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)
sul 185 60
IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo
1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend
decreasing)
1 - ( Near Threatened ver
31 Pop trend
decreasing)
2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver
31)
1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver
23 (needs updating))
1 - (Lower Risknear
threatened ver 23 (needs
updating))
2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver
23 (needs updating)
2 - Lower Riskleast
concern ver 23 (needs
updating)
1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend
stable
sul 205 78
112
mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)
70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs
soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi
espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli
daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul
teritoriebzec gavrcelda
dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis
fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia
rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi
teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari
mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa
da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba
kenwerodan (sur 425 426)
qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad
axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi
pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels
SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve
cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis
zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi
maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis
parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)
113
sur 421 sur 422
sur 423 sur 424
sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi
sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza
sur 423 paTogenurobis testi
sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola
sur 425 sur 426
114
sur 427 sur 428
sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi
sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili
sur 428 gamoCekili matli
aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da
tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da
dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an
inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli
mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis biologiuri meTodi
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi)
aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic
kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da
Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas
ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi
sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo
erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris
miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia
115
misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT
Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT
aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma
da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da
mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da
sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo
sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs
iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad
aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva
saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe
Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi
(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10
reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130
mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)
reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)
saxeoba (cxrili 431)
cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT
klasi
aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep
sul
(100) sul sul
FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130
amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400
reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370
116
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis
20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4
(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37
(51) saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da
cxrili 433 ndashSi
aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni
(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos
Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia
clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus
(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus
migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni
(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula
parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra
rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300
ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510
s u l 596 158 260 174 290
117
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba
Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter
brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)
Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)
Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica
(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia
derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)
Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis
apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)
Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra
lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis
Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi
118
sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT
dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN
(IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul 15 17
119
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+
4bcde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN
(Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU
(B2ab(iiiii)
sul
34 36
120
cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi
konservaciuli statusi
saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa
(2006)
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
1 2 3 4 5
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC
Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977)
EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)
121
gagrZeleba cxrili 432
1 2 3 4 5
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)
VU (D1) EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)
VU (D1) LC
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC
- 121 -
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4b
cde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)
sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
34 36
- 122 -
sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi
sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
- 123 -
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis
yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)
dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis
Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17
erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10
erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi
Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)
cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT)
cxovelis saxeoba
IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt
arCvi Rupicapra
rupicapra
LC ver 31 Pop
trend unknown
2010 weli
2012 weli
2010 weli
2012 weli
91 112 170 170 (200)
wavi Lutra
lutra
NT ver 31 Pop
trend decreasing
15 32 135 135(150)
mura daTvi
Ursus arctos
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
95 83 80 86
mgeli Canis
lupus
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
16 27
5 5
kverna Martes
foina M
martes
LC ver 31) Pop
trend stable
160 168 145 155
kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus
anomalus
LC ver 31 165 265 72 75
- 124 -
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis
kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi
ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli
qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis
koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10
wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели
В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П
Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis
intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad
nadgurdeba
wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan
rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g
gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri
daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba
marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT
koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis
aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis
(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas
aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4
aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)
wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze
mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas
da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria
agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)
monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba
- 125 -
mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT
warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II
generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva
wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve
wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli
cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis
periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952
Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel
rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad
moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni
viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze
arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis
mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis
TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi
erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali
warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri
RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT
anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba
sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli
merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-
mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis
Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si
wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis
Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad
SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis
saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane
qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi
rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT
pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver
- 126 -
viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis
susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli
rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna
dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis
Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari
saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic
ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT
es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)
ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac
naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)
naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba
wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv
jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis
TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi
gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da
mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva
warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis
stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT
wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc
samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan
sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi
gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs
Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani
wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07
sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs
(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels
xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels
- 127 -
sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
128
cxrili 511
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
D
daculi teritoria
sf
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis daxriloba
(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)
boniteti
koromis Semadgen-loba
qvetyis dafaruloba
() sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis Sefaseba
(Гулисашвили
1956)
saxeoba
1-10sm
11-30sm
31-50sm
gt 51
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
1
850 sd 15-20
Castanetum
azaleosum TesliTi
81-100 I-II
10wb+rc+nZ
20
06-07
wabli
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
saukeTeso
sul
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
129
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
2
980
Crd
20-250
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum
TesliTi
100-120
II-III
8wb1wf
1rcx+nZ
45
07-08
wabli
850
168
1400
277
2020
400
780
155
5050
100
susti
wifeli
-
-
320
299
-
-
750
701
1070
100
rcxila
-
-
120
632
-
-
70
368
190
100
naZvi
-
-
60
375
-
-
100
625
160
100
sul
850
131
1900
294
2020
312
1700
263
6470
100
130
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 3
560 Crd 15-200
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum TesliTi
120 II
9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70
05
wabli
80
79
560
555
150
149
220
217
1010
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
70
292
-
-
170
708
240
100
rcxila
-
-
160
470
70
206
110
324
340
100
sul 80
50
790
500
210
133
500
317
1580
100
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 4
800 samxdas 25-30-400
Castanetum
rubosum TesliTi
90 III
7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80
04
wabli
-
-
-
-
70
368
120
632
190
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
140
341
210
512
60
147
410
100
sul -
-
140
233
280
467
180
300
600
100
- 131 -
rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad
mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi
ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da
axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba
cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-
05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni
pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis
asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba
tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis
kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi
wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)
bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi
boniteti
mozardis
xnovaneba (weli )
mozardis simaRlis statistikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
M saS
metri
Mm
metri
nimuSebis
raodenoba
1 2 3 4 5
maRali
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(ielis qvetyiT)
1 0-10 002 3
2 11-30 003 3
3 31-50 004 3
5 50 da gt 006 6
saSualo
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(Sqeris qvetyiT)
2 0-10 002 3
3 11-30 003 3
4 31-50 004 3
7 50 da gt 006 6
- 132 -
v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash
saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf
3-4 ndash Zlier sustia
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis
sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi
iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava
mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa
dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi
romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs
daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari
aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa
wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis
transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis
wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis
Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane
qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT
wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da
Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v
mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da
sxvaTa SromebSi
aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba
damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT
dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash
zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze
eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi
gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000
- 133 -
ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba
gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi
cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da
xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze
dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis
Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )
iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul
tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis
Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da
ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili
tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari
Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)
rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul
biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi
mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze
adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)
mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-
zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani
safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad
formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis
6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da
15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi
gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)
tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)
sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT
xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti
proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis
Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze
- 134 -
meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze
naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)
dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis
SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba
11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan
SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi
ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m
simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi
mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis
Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis
sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli
bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
135
cxrili 521
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
daculi
teritoria
sf
asociacia
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis
daxriloba
(gradusi)
Kkoromis
Semadgenloba
qvetyis
dafaruloba ()
saburvelis
Sekruloba
sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba
cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis
Sefaseba
saxeoba
lt05
06-15
gt15
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
1
Fagetum
rhododendrosum
920
Crd das
250
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
2300
730
700
222
150
48
3150
100
susti rc
-
-
120
75
40
25
160
100
sul
2300
695
820
248
190
57
3310
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
2
Fagetum rubosum
860
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
8800
259
16800
494
8400
247
34000
100
kargi rcx
50
169
170
576
75
255
295
100
sul
8850
258
16970
495
8475
247
34295
100
136
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
3
Fagetum- Carpine-
to azalesum
1223
Crd
250
8wf+2rcx
30
09
07
wf
rcx
3100
233
280
718
6800
511
110
282
3400
256
-
-
13300
100
390
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 3380
247
6910
505
3400
248
13690
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
4
Fagetum festuco-
sum
1780
samx aRm
350
10wf+rcx
+nk
20
06
05
wf
rcx
5370
303
320
615
8650
488
130
250
3700
209
70
135
17720
100
520
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 5690
312
8780
481
3770
207
18240
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
5
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 875
Crd das
150
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
rcx
1500
893
50
303
180
107
70
424
-
-
45
273
1680
100
165
100
susti sul 1550
840
250
135
45
25
1845
100
137
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
6
Fagetum rubosum
900
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
rcx
8800
259
120
414
16800
494
80
276
8400
247
90
310
34000
100
290
100
kargi
sul 8920
182
16880
348
8490
176
34290
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
7
Fagetum -Carpine-
to azalesum
1100
Crd
300
7wf3rcx+wb
30
08
07
wf
rcx
2200
193
70
778
5800
509
20
222
3400
298
-
-
11400
100
90
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 2270
197
5820
507
3400
296
11490
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
8
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 380
Crd das
250
8wf2rcx+Tx
70
06
04
wf
rcx
200
741
80
727
70
259
30
273
-
-
-
-
270
100
110
100
Zlier susti
sul
280
737
100
263
-
-
380
100
138
mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da
mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva
asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac
aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi
ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis
saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis
mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)
mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi
mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba
wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac
gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba
xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo
pirobebi
aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-
radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri
SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis
mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT
139
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis
Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-
istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli
elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis
2 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad
saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur
periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba
kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi
mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi
ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely
wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi
naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli
daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani
saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis
sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur
(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis
arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli
qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-
sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac
miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve
rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom
iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian
140
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-
sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi
flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris
sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda
5 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- Sqeriani (azonaluria)
- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul
parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da
maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi
fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)
141
7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum
rhododendrosum
- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)
- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)
- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)
- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan
- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)
- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)
Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari
(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)
8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum)
- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan
- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)
142
- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum
- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)
Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba
- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)
- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)
- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)
- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)
- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)
- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone
formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas
erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha
farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane
saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri
muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges
(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT
9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia
Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da
dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan
erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris
endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan
erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto
caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT
(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli
xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari
(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva
10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis
literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi
143
warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa
da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq
warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100
ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38
Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis
555 - s Seadgens
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia
Senecio Cardamine-8
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 115 (128) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac
fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-
Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da
gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi
mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s
Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT
warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens
kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis
romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis
didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia
warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili
398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens
144
romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli
elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis
flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda
rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi
erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13
ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani
522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-
35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21
Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s
Seadgens
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6
Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani
floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-
32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea
balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)
orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi
procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia
145
warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli
floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-
winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire
aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10
saxeoba-19
12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)
frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum
(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter
brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus
cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)
Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco
tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)
Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
146
13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70) reptiliebis 10 (41)
frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34) saxeoba
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo
fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton
ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)
Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis
(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans
(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco
naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus
anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra
(LC)
14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo
(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-
dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi
Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis
lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri
ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde
15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da
mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
147
xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo
(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)
16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia
struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi
susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da
pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da
wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da
maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da
rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis
Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis
muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba
simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane
qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)
maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian
rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa
ganviTarebuli
yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da
sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar
asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis
wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi
(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia
17 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis
amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36
mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23
higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba
18 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia
148
carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29
qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6
19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-
neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis
adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes
ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi
mimdinareoba
20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo
zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge
meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva
simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli
rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi
21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-
nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis
ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze
fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-
debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis
efeqturi RonisZiebebi
22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri
mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo
potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles
yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-
saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo
koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da
saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze
dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi
149
Ggamoyenebuli literatura
1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442
gv
2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962
442 gv
3 batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1944
batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi
saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv
4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi
2002 280 gv
5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis
balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis
ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t
XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)
6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli
eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst
Sro t II gv 32-42
7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri
faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi
Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001
8 bunebis matiane
200820092010
ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo
9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a
buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv
10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis
yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi
saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani
sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi
tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81
11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi
da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi
Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009
150
12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi
da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati
biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2002 31 gv
13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis
Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes
Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18
14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis
biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da
landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv
69-82
15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis
xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi
ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV
1987
16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa
aWarardquo gv 2-3
17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da
saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba
saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis
Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23
18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo
II gamocema Tbilisi 1974
19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze
wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis
ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis
mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis
SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-
praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54
20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa
samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv
347-351
21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis
foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo
151
30 Tbilisi gv 352-355
22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze
mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa
zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli
universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis
instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194
23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis
mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo
universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli
sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239
24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba
`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv
25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi
baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv
26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi
tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19
27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos
flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003
28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
29 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba
1961 249gv
31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris
ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl
meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1994 16gv
32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis
niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis
botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi
~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176
152
33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli
subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis
gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero
SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24
34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris
subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli
formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb
baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi
(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2
baTumi gv 173-181
35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis
fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos
botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli
respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-
13
36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri
sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos
niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28
37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia
wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37
38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris
mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004
59 gv
39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da
mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da
mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38
40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora
mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo
(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28
41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi
153
subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-
aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambe t 18) gv 12-15
42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri
Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis
axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero
konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi
tomi V gv 5-8
43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis
zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis
dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi
1964 (rusul enaze)
44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis
maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da
fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~
1971 200 gv
46 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis
biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli
ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba
ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119
48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi
mecniereba 1965 552 gv
49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria
samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi
gv 267-281
50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis
bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-
40
51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli
ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi
1998
154
52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi
Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163
53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi
mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134
54 falavandiSvili
1987
falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da
maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa
aWara~ 1987 104 gv
55 falavandiSvili
1993
falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri
gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli
kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa
doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1993 27 gv
56 falavandiSvili
2004
falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi
ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv
57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv
58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria
Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ
59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168
გვ
60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis
mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997
487 gv
61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli
procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis
problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288
62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi
teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba
samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)
Tbilisi 2010 gv 42-43
63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi
universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88
64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv
65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis
flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri
sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9
155
66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv
123
67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг
лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной
биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-
Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе
таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы
научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса
Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт
2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус
68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~
1896 кн 1 стр 22
69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
70 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов
буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии
Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129
72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических
исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем
Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-
конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с
56-60 Рус
73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой
(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны
природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных
территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-
практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008
Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус
74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая
оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и
таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с
164-169 Рус рез англ
75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных
сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния
экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады
Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006
156
Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус
76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного
Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3
Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1
Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус
77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер
по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на
слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та
леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107
78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском
ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического
садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51
79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования
юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения
тр Воронежского государственного университета
Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237
80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных
лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та
Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31
81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический
журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193
82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и
экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой
природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах
Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез
англ
83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков
Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5
с 22-26
84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -
исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр
85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат
1956 354 стр
86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М
1956 354 стр
87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях
чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз
филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр
88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и
их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-
во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449
157
стр
89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление
буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)
Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72
90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии
ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр
91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси
bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр
92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв
Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472
93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на
Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900
32 стр
94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363
96 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические
указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974
Тбилиси стр 8-109
98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия
лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с
ил Рус
99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и
особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические
культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155
100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского
филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933
3 стр 66-70
101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз
ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-
196
102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная
субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913
стр31-44
103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира
ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности
1906 стр175-193
104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС
158
серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии
ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР
1935 стр 1-32
105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т
4 стр 132-145
106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр
104-112
107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия
геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР
М-Л 1936 стр 1-46
108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и
разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал
Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-
163
109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных
воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии
Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29
Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42
110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции
деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и
каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат
диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22
стр
111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -
хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262
стр
112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности
горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии
Тбилиси 1982 191 стр
113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности
Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр
114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и
использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44
115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа
М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр
116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья
Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во
159
Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр
117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень
дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус
118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов
Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV
Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-
13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ
119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии
Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347
120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв
Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр
121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского
ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические
особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры
Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского
ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136
122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр
ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38
стр
123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных
субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр
124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья
Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39
125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М
Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр
126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и
биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)
Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического
мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы
Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып
4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус
127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
128 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР
тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453
130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo
Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр
160
131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов
и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного
Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое
будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-
Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-
297 Рус рез англ
132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L
Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей
природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117
133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ
Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта
Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31
Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163
134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к
дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества
испытателей природы т110 6 2005
135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к
анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов
Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус
рез англ
136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной
флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст
137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных
условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и
безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79
138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of
the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and
Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ
139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и
геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе
Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka
a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz
Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез
англ
140 Cullotta Sebastiano
2007
Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов
леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне
на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity
assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur
J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ
161
141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey
Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali
Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in
tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-
1181 Англ
142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the
former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp
143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile
thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen
Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388
144 Grandtner Miroslaw
2006
Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев
Северной Америки North American native tree species
diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ
145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo
Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a
Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N
79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп
146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist
Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005
147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz
Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p
148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz
Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)
Tbilisi 2010 36p
149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University
press 1997 858 pp
150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E
Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the
spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N
10 с 1729-1749 Англ
151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild
grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6
No 2 pp 93-164
152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N
IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)
Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-
123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm
153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и
рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических
162
и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их
экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for
biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest
plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework
Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ
154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest
biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with
cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and
indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез
фр
155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus
Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103
156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri
Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The
Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro
2005
Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian
Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных
разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране
Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests
of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480
158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua
Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на
острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007
27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ
159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A
(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed
by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006
160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity
Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251
161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель
оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного
вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa
ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ
162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain
Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of
vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178
163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის
მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების
პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი
ბარათი 1994
2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации
163
лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений
питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами
содействия естественному возобновлению 1977
ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21
164 eleqtronuli
informaciebi
1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da
Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos
mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19
Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge
httpwwwnacresorg
2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული
პროგრამაNEAP2
httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi
nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge
3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas
erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i
d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350
4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis
sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996
wN003 http wwwparliamentge)
5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~
httpwwwgaremoitdcge
6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist
7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
httpwwwbiodivorg
8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~
WWF-international WCMC 1997
9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development
of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-
2010
httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu
sshtml CEPF final project completion report
httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl
antspdf
10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living
planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg
11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi
a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc
asus_Region)
164
12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg
13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu
spdf
14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-
ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)
15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve
16 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification
html
165
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia
ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo
forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi
1 5 6 7 8
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f
Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f
Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f
Aviride Huds P H J r
Aworonowii Christ P HJ r
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f
Athyriaceae Alst
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r
Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f
Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel
Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f
Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f
Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic
Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f
Doreades Fomin P H srsh
Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f
Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f
Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r
P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f
Equisetaceae Rich ex DC
Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms
Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f
Huperziaceae Rothm
Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f
Hymenophyllaceae Link
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f
166
Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli
Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f
Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb
Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m
Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf
Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli
Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f
Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf
Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl
Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr
Pteridaceae Reichen
Pteris cretica L P CD f
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr
Jsabina L ђ H fr
Pinaceae Lindl
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f
Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f
Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f
Taxaceae SFGray
Taxus baccata L yen C f
A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)
Aceraceae Juss
Acer campestre L yen CDFH f
Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f
Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f
Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian
Amaranthaceae Juss
Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd
Ahyrbidus L CDF rd
Aretroflexus L CDF rd
Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)
Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm
Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian
167
Apium graveolens L C srd
Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian
Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm
Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs
Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm
Carum carvi L CDFH m
Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr
Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr
Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs
Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh
Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv
Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs
Daucus carota L CDFH frd
Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian
Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m
Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss
Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic
Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)
Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms
Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs
Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh
Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh
Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh
Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f
Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh
P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh
Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs
Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f
Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz
Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f
Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh
Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd
168
Apocynaceae Juss
Vinca minor L bull C f
Aquifoliaceae Bartl
Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh
Araliaceae Juss
Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f
Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f
Aristolochiaceae Juss
Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic
Asclepiadaceae RBr
Periploca graeca L L AB f
Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian
Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs
Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)
Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f
Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf
Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh
Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs
Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs
Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m
Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r
Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian
Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian
Atinctoria L bull C r
Arctium lappa L BC ss
Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn
Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal
Aster alpinus L bull HJ m
Anovae-angliae L bull C ss
Anovi- belgii L bull C ss
Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm
Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd
Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf
Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss
Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f
C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f
169
Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd
Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd
Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv
Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf
Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm
Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic
Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic
Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd
Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs
Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh
Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic
Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m
Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m
Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m
Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian
Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m
Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al
C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal
Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic
Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs
Csetosa Hallfil C ssf
Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv
Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh
Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic
Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs
Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian
Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh
Euniflorus L bull H m
Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f
Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr
Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn
170
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al
Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn
Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian
Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic
Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m
H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm
H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm
Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm
Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs
Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm
Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f
Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm
Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f
Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm
Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf
Inula britannica L bull C ss
Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh
Ihelenium L bull F fsh
Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic
Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm
Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm
Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian
Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f
Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh
Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd
Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm
Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum
Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr
O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr
sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh
Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f
Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv
Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh
Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic
171
Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian
Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m
Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm
Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r
Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s
Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs
Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs
Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh
Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s
Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd
Svulgaris L CDEF rd
Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh
Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f
Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd
Soleraceus L CDF rdal
Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian
S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic
S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian
Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian
Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m
Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv
Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian
Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs
Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd
Xstrumarium L CDF frd
Balsaminaceae ARich
Impatiens noli-tangere L H f
Berberidaceae Torz et Grey
Berberis vulgaris L yen H f
Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr
Betulaceae SF Gray
Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f
Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f
Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f
Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic
Boraginaceae Juss
172
Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f
Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs
Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm
Cofficinale L CDH bs
Echium vulgare L CDFH rd
echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m
Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd
Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs
Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal
Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr
Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic
Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd
Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic
Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh
Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic
Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum
(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian
Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian
Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian
S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian
Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh
Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms
Bplantaginea DC H m
Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd
Brassica campestris L CDFH al
Bunias orientalis L CDF m
Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd
Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh
Cimpatiens L CDFH f
Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f
Cparviflora L CD sssrd
Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f
173
Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss
Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f
Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms
Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd
Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f
Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f
Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r
Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r
Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd
Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv
Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian
Buxaceae Dumort
Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic
Campanulaceae Juss
Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f
C alpigena CKoch bull H bs
C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian
Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs
Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f
Clatifolia L bull H m
Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Cannabinaceae Endl
Humulus lupulus L bull CD f
Caprifoliaceae Juss
Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f
Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f
Caryophyllaceae Juss
Agrostemma githago L CDF al
Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh
Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd
Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms
Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv
Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal
Coreades Schischk bull H msh
Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh
Dianthus armeria L CDFH f
174
Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs
Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs
Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs
G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs
Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian
Herniaria glabra L bull H fr
Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm
Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh
Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr
Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian
Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh
Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr
Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm
Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms
Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs
Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m
Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm
Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm
Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr
Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs
Soxysepala Boiss C al
Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh
Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms
Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs
Suncinatus Schur H bs
Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf
Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm
Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r
Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs
Stellaria holostea L bull C fr
Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd
Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf
Capparaceae Juss
Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn
Celastraceae RBr
Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f
175
Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f
Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian
Chenopodiaceae Vent
Chenopodium album L CDFH al
Chbotrys L CD snrd
Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd
Convolvulaceae Juss
Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh
Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f
Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal
Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr
Cornaceae Dumort
Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)
Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f
Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f
Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic
Corylaceae Mirb
Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f
Corientalis Mill ђyen C f
Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f
Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f
Crassulaceae DC
Sedum annuum L H r
Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r
Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs
Shispanicum L C r
Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh
S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh
Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs
Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r
Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba
Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r
Cuscutaceae Dumort
Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f
Ceuropaea L CDFH ral
Datiscaceae Lindl
176
Datisca cannabina L bull C f
Dipsacaceae Juss
Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian
Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f
Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf
Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv
Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic
S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic
Ebenaceae Guerke
Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f
Elaeagnaceae Juss
Empetraceae SGray
Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh
Ericaceae Juss
Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht
ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm
Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh
Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh
Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Acalypha australis L CDF rd
Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf
Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m
Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian
Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm
Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic
Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian
Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf
Estricta L bull CDF rd
Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms
Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr
Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)
177
Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m
Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn
Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m
Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f
Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm
Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs
Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic
Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic
Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf
Aincertus Ledeb bull H r
Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian
Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian
Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m
Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf
Lhirsutus L CDF rdr
Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f
Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm
Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian
L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn
Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss
Langustifolius L C ss
Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn
Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian
O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian
Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh
Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs
Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs
Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm
Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f
Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs
Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr
Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf
Trifolium arvense L C rd
Tcanescens Willd bull H fm
Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f
178
Tmedium L bull CDFH f
T pratense L bull CDFH mfr
Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm
Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd
Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms
Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd
Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic
Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm
Vcassubica L bull H f
Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv
Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian
Vsepium L bull CDFH shf
Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn
Fagaceae Dumort
Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f
Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f
Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian
Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic
Fumariaceae DC
Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m
Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr
Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f
Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh
Gentianaceae Juss
Gentiana aquatica L H m
Gcruciata L bull CDFH m
Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m
Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian
Gseptemfida Pall bull H m
Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m
Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian
Geraniaceae Juss
Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd
Geranium columbinum L CD rd
Gdissectum L CD sh
Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm
179
Gibericum Cav bull H shm
Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs
Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm
Grobertianum L CDFH fsh
Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh
Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)
Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr
Hypericaceae Juss
Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf
Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian
Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf
Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf
Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian
Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs
Hmontanum L bull CDFH f
Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf
xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf
Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth
Juglans regia L yen CDF f
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f
Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)
Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm
Aorientalis L bull H m
Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh
(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh
Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f
Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss
Cmenthifolia Host bull C f
Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f
Cvulgare L bull CDFH f
Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f
Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd
Gladanum L CDFH rd
Glechoma hederacea L bull C f
Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r
Lamium album L bull CDFH f
180
Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms
Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s
Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m
Mpulegium L bull CDF s
Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f
Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf
Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m
Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m
Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm
Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f
Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr
Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian
Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f
Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m
Stachys annua (L) L C rd
Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f
Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm
Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f
Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic
Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian
Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian
Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian
Lauraceae Juss
Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh
Linaceae Dum
Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m
Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m
Loranthaceae Juss
Viscum album L ђ CDF f
Lythraceae St-Hil
Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs
Malvaceae Juss
Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian
Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd
Msylvestris L bull CDF rd
Moraceae Link
181
Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic
Morus alba L yen C f
Mnigra L yen C f
Oleaceae HoffmggampLink
Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f
Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f
Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas
ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian
Onagraceae Juss
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv
Circaea alpina L bull H srf
C lutetiana L bull CDFH f
Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m
Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr
Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs
Emontanum L bull CDFH f
Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s
Orobanchaceae Vent
Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m
Oraddeana G Bec bull H f
Oramosa L C al
Oxalidaceae RBr
Oxalis acetosella L bull H f
Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd
Paeoniaceae Rudolphi
Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic
Papaveraceae Juss
Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd
Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r
Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs
Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd
Parnassiaceae SFGray
Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm
Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f
Phytolaccaceae RBr
Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh
182
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r
Planceolata L bull CDFH mss
Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd
Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs
Polygalaceae RBr
Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr
Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian
Polygonaceae Juss
Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m
Charkev)
subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m
Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss
P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss
Paviculare L CDFH rdalf
Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal
Ralpestris Jacq bull H m
Ralpinus L bull H m
Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd
Primulaceae Vent
Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd
Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian
Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs
Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian
Avillosa L bull HJ bsr
Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian
Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh
Primula algida Adams bull HJ m
Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss
Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh
Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian
Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh
Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian
Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f
Pyrolaceae Dumort
Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh
183
Pminor L bull H fsh
Protundifolia L bull H f
Ranunculaceae Juss
Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm
Aorientale Mill bull H m
Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian
Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m
Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian
Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m
Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s
Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m
Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f
Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian
Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian
Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian
Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian
Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian
Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic
Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian
Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms
Rbulbosus L bull C m
R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian
Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian
Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f
Rchius DC C D rd
Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian
Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m
Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf
Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm
Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m
Rhamnaceae Juss
184
Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr
Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic
Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r
Rosaceae Juss
Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f
Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m
Adura Bus bull H bs
Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian
Aobtegens Juz bull H m
Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m
Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs
Asericea Willd bull H shbs
Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr
Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic
Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm
Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f
Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs
Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd
Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f
Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh
Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv
Gurbanum L bull CDF m
Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh
Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f
Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f
Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm
Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic
Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm
Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic
Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm
Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf
Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m
Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf
Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic
Precta L bull CD rdm
185
Preptans L bull CDF rdm
Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian
Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f
Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f
Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian
Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh
Rcanina L ђ CDF fr
Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr
Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm
Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf
R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian
Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh
Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh
Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr
Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f
Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic
Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr
Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic
Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh
Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm
Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh
Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian
Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic
Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic
Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian
Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f
Rubiaceae Juss
Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm
A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr
Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr
Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r
G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss
G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f
Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal
Salicaceae Mirb
186
Populus tremula L yen CDFH f
Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f
Sapoda Trautv ђ H f
Scaprea L yen CDFH f
Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian
Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic
Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh
S nigra L ђ CDFH f
Santalaceae RBr
Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh
Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh
Saxifragaceae Juss
Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r
S cymbalaria L CDF srf
Sexarata Vill bull HJ r
Smoschata Wul bull HJ r
S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian
Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr
Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs
Scrophulariaceae Juss
Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian
Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh
E pectinata Ten CDFH msh
E petiolaris Wettst H rbs
Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic
Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian
Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr
Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr
Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic
Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m
Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m
Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh
P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh
Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m
P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm
187
Rhinanthus minor L J m
Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m
Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh
Silwensis C Koch H shms
Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf
Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f
Snodosa L bull C frd
Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd
Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r
S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f
Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian
Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh
Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn
Vthapsus L CDF m
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s
Varmena Boiss bull H s
Vbeccabunga L bull H s
Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic
Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd
Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh
Vhederifolia L C ssr
Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian
Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm
Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f
Vpersica Poir CDFH rd
Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd
Simaroubaceae DC
Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f
Solanaceae Juss
Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian
Datura stramonium L CDF rd
Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd
Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd
Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss
Solanum nigrum L CDF alss
188
Staphyleaceae Lindl
Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f
Thymelaeaceae Juss
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm
D glomerata Lam ђ H shm
D mezereum L ђ H f
D pontica L ђ CDF f
Tiliaceae Juss
Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil
T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f
Ulmaceae Mirb
Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD
Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f
Urticaceae Juss
Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf
Vacciniaceae SFGray
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh
Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh
Vuliginosum L ђ H m
V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m
Valerianaceae Batsch
Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf
Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic
Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian
Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs
Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian
Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd
Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss
Verbenaceae J St-Hil
Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd
Viburnaceae Rafin
Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh
V opulus L ђ CDFH f
V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh
Violaceae Batsch
Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f
189
V arvensis Murr CDFH rd
V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh
V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic
V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m
V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr
V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian
MONOCOTILEDONEAE
Alliaceae JAgardh +
Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr
Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian
Arotundum L bull CDF frbs
A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr
A ursinum L bull C f
Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian
Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian
Araceae Juss
Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum
(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh
Commelinaceae RBr
Commelina communis L C ssal
Convallariaceae Horan
Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f
Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f
P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f
Cyperaceae Juss
Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh
Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m
Cdigitata L bull C ffr
Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss
Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh
Cleporina L bull CDFH sms
Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian
C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m
Cpendula Huds bull CD f
Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh
Cpontica Albov bull H m
190
Cremota L bull CDF f
Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s
Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f
Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn
Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms
Dioscoreaceae RBr
Tamus communis L bull C f
Hyacinthaceae Batsch
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic
Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic
Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf
Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic
Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm
Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic
Iridaceae Juss
Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m
Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m
Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic
Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m
Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s
J bufonius L CDFH s
Jeffusus L bull CDFH f
Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh
L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m
Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f
Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf
pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m
Liliaceae Juss
Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic
F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian
Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic
Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic
varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic
191
Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr
Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m
Melanthiacaea Batsch
Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)
SchueblampMartens] bull H m
Orchidaceae Juss
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh
Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f
Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f
Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf
Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm
Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms
D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh
invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m
Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh
Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh
Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f
Orchis pallens L bull H m
O picta Loisel bull H m
Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m
Poaceae Barnhart
Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd
Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f
Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal
Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m
Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh
Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s
Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch
Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs
flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh
Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m
Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata
(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs
Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m
192
B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m
Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh
Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss
Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s
Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal
Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal
Cechinatus L GH fmsh
Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh
Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn
Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn
Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal
Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss
Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s
Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr
Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh
F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh
Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr
Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh
Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m
Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh
Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s
Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian
Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m
Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh
Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss
Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm
Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus
europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f
Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m
Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic
Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian
Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m
193
Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f
Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian
Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal
Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs
Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr
Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m
Poa annua L bull H ms
Palpina L bull H m
P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr
Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf
Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr
Psupina Schrad H mms
Ptrivialis L bull C ms
Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)
Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides
(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr
Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f
Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf
Potamogetonaceae Dumort
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s
Pnatans L bull H s
Ruscaceae Hutch
Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh
R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh
Smilacaceae Vent
Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh
Trilliaceae Lindl
Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh
194
danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi
xe (yen)
buCqi (ђ)
xe an buCqi (yenђ)
liana (L)
gvimra (P)
erTwliani balaxovnebi ()
orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)
habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd
D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd
F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd
H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi
wmndash Warbteniani mdelo
sc ndash scree
m ndash mdelo
fm ndash tye- mdelo
fr ndash tye-klde
r ndash klde
sr ndash sveli kldeebi
bs-qva-RorRi
hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba
endemuroba
Caucasian-kavkasiis
Kolchic-kolxeTis
Georgian-saqarTvelos
Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis
Ajaraian- aWaris
195
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
შახეობა
ჩრდილის
ამტანი
სინათლის
მოყვარული
სითბოს
მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch
ქონდარა ღვია + + +
Jsabina L
კაზაკური ღვია + + +
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი + + +
Taxus baccata L
უთხოვარი + + +
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი + + +
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე + + +
A trautveterii Medw
მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Rhus coriaria L
თუთუბო + + +
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი + + +
Berberis vulgaris L
კოწახური + + +
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +
196
Aincana (L) Moench
ნაცარა მურყანი + + +
Betula litwinowii Doluch
ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +
B medwedewii Regel
მედვედევის არყი + + +
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა + + +
Lonicera caprifolium L
ჯიქა + +
Ljaponica Thunb
იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +
L caucasica Pall
წერწა + + +
Euonymus europaea L
კიდობანა + + +
Elatifolia (L) Mill
ტაბლაყურა + + +
E leiophloea Stev
ჭანჭყატი + + + +
Swida australis (CAMey)
შინდანწლა + + +
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა + + +
Corientalis Mill
ჯაგრცხილა + + +
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა + + +
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall
დეკა + + +
Rluteum Sweet
იელი + +
+
Rponticum L + + +
197
პონტოური შქერი
Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze
სოხაძის შქერი + +
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი +
+
Robinia pseudacacia L
ცრუაკაცია + + +
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა + + +
Q pontica CKoch
პონტოური მუხა + + +
Ribes alpinum L
მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +
Hypericum androsaemum L
კრაზანა + + +
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე + + +
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk
ლაფანი + + +
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი + + +
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +
Foxycarpa Willd
კავკასიური იფანი + + +
Ligustrum vulgare L
კვიდო + + +
198
L japonicum Thunb
იაპონური კვიდო
Clematis vitalba L
კატაბარდა + + +
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი + + +
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი + + +
Cerasus avum (L) Moench
ბალამწარა + + +
Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem
წყავი + + +
Mespilus germanica L
ზღმარტლი + + +
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი + + +
Pyracantha coccinea MRoem
ჩიტავაშლა + + +
Pyrus balansae Decne
ბერყენა + + +
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი + + +
Rosa boissieri Crep
ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +
Rcanina L
ასკილი + + +
Rcorymbifera Borkh
ასკილი
Rubus caucasicus Focke
კავკასიური მაყვალი + +
R woronowii (Surde) Surde
ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +
Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss
ჭნავი + + +
Spiraea japonica Lfil
იაპონური გრაკლა + + +
199
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
Salix alba L
წნორი + + +
Scaprea L
მდგნალი + +
S caucasica Anderss
ტირიფი + + +
Sambucus nigra L
დიდიგულა + + +
Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle
ხემყრალა + + +
Staphylea pinnata L
ჟონჯოლი + +
Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb
იალღუნი
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed
ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +
Dmezereum L
მაჯაღვერი + + +
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი + + +
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა + + +
Uscarba Mill
თელამუში + + +
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი + + +
Vuliginosum L
ლურჯი მოცვი + + +
Viburnum lantana L + + +
200
უზანი
Vopulus L
ძახველი + +
+
Vitis vinifera L
ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა + +
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო + + +
Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)
ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +
Hpastuchowii Woronow
პასტუხოვის სურო + +
201
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobis reliqturoba
სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული
პერიოდის
Yყინულოვანი
პერიოდის
პოლტავის
ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი
+
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი
+
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი
+
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი
+
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე
+
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი
+
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი
+
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა
+
Elatifolia (L) Mill
თაბლაყურა
+
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა
+
Corientalis Mill
ჟაგრცხილა
+
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი
+
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა
+
Rluteum Sweet +
202
იელი
Rponticum L
პონტოური შქერი
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი
+
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი
+
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ
+
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
+
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა
+
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე
+
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი
+
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი
+
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი
+
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი
+
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი
+
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი
+
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
+
Salix alba L
ჭნორი
+
Scaprea L
მდგნალი
+
Staphylea pinnata L
ჯონჯოლი
+
Dmezereum L +
203
მაჯაღვერი
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი
+
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი
+
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა
+
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი
+
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი
+
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა
+
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო
+
- 204 -
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia
sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება
ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)
ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812
ქორდიანები
ხერხემლიანები
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
1 2 3 4
რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +
რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი
ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი
Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +
ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი
Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +
ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი
Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +
Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +
Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +
რიგი Esociformes -
- 205 -
ოჯახი Esocidae -
Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +
ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +
ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +
რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +
კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები
რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +
რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +
ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +
ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +
ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +
კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები
ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +
Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +
ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +
- 206 -
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977) თურქული ხვლიკი
+
ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +
Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი
Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +
ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი
Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +
კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები
რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +
რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი
ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +
რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +
Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +
რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი
ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი
Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +
Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +
Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +
Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +
რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი
ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +
- 207 -
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +
Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +
Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +
Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოკარკაზი
+ +
ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი
Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +
Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +
ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +
რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი
ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +
ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი
Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +
რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი
- 208 -
ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი
Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +
ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი
Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია
Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია
Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +
ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +
რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი
ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი
Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +
რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი
ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +
რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი
ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი
Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +
Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +
Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +
Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +
რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +
რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი
Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +
რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი
ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +
ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +
- 209 -
რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი
ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი
Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +
რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი
Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg
1833) სირიული კოდალა
+
Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა
რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი
ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +
ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +
ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +
ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის
შაშვი
+ +
ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +
Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +
ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +
ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი
Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +
- 210 -
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +
ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი
Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +
Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +
ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +
ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +
Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი
მემატლია
+ +
Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +
ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +
ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი
Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +
Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +
ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი
Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +
Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +
ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +
ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი
Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +
Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +
Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +
ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +
- 211 -
ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +
Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოცეცხლა
+ +
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +
Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +
კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები
რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები
ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი
Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული
ზღარბი
+
ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი
Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +
Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +
ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი
Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +
Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +
რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები
ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა
Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე
Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +
Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი
ნატერერის მღამიობი
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +
- 212 -
Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი
ნათუზიუსის ღამორი
+ +
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +
რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი
ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +
Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი
რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები
ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი
Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)
მემინდვრია
+
Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +
ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი
Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +
Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +
Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +
Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +
Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +
ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +
Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +
ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +
რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები
ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +
Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +
ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +
ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი
- 213 -
Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +
Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +
ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +
რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები
ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +
ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი
Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +
ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი
- 214 -
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis
tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 215 -
danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 6 -
konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero
da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens
Temis aqtualoba
cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia
Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa
siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis
Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-
erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel
wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-
giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis
siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L
Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis
dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic
gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa
da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis
gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu
daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben
dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur
tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)
amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es
monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli
saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi
uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris
(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT
sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis
farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)
gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT
niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas
erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc
- 7 -
florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-
dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi
teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis
gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da
mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess
Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash
dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma
momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam
Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT
eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis
aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi
teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri
(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in
situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias
Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi
teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis
piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali
xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi
formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis
(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli
teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur
struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze
gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis
kanonzomierebebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri
da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod
did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da
gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria
- 8 -
kvlevis mizani da amocanebi
kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis
saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis
Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani
saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis
dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis
biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis
damuSaveba
kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda
- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis
analizi
- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri
maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis
gamovlena
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis
Sefaseba
- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi
da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba
- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis
kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
kvlevis meTodebi
tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis
meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis
(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g
naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)
Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi
tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad
eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac
gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo
- 9 -
farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis
ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)
sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa
da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis
safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo
simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba
mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi
cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba
mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani
mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-
ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia
Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s
Cop (CopiosusCopostal)
Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90
Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-
dafaruloba 50-70
Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50
Sp (Sparsussporsal)
Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30
Sp2 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 20
Sp1 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10
Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-
dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde
Un Unicum- erTi individi
tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs
safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos
florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева
1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе
Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM
Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili
d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis
- 10 -
adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004
wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da
saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri
nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995
Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis
periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi
tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis
meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da
lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle
da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris
Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni
da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis
Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala
saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul
siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe
Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian
Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report
(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus
Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili
G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D
Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem
ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris
safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)
- 11 -
daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe
2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)
merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis
reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)
monacemebTan SedarebiT
sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad
gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT
aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena
sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad
daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)
cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis
aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis
administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis
gamoyenebiT
mecnieruli siaxle
kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia
imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi
teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis
fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba
- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi
damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi
- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio
maCveneblebi
- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da
saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani
taqsonebis mravalferovneba
- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi
fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da
- 12 -
mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis
jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis
mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi
- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali
taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa
sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba
- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul
mdgomareobas
- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris
da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba
- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
Taviseburebebi
- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis
Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli
menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis
- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis
samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli
informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani
saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb
naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli
Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da
axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro
- 13 -
teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis
gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore
saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-
sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze
publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8
samecniero statiaD
disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi
moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16
qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da
rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris
96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia
kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi
teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas
erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md
yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi
mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da
agroekosistemebi
samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis
sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi
obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli
meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri
baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors
qalbaton nino memiaZes
- 14 -
Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi
11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos
kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis
xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul
saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa
daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas
erovnuli parki
mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures
dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves
(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis
centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo
Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)
- 15 -
ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis
SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar
miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi
(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT
parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis
satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis
satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)
calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria
dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad
warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi
kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275
ha-s Seadgens
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso
kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac
aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis
reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis
qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT
aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis
wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo
- 16 -
qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan
Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami
mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare
Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli
kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo
da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli
monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka
112)
ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi
sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT
Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara
satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar
farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
- 17 -
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba
CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis
farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis
ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki
rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis
daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi
garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi
romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da
qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-
nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad
daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)
aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba
saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)
gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ
konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi
aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi
teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi
gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)
maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis
xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis
ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash
rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT
kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)
- 18 -
ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi
ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro
monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze
- 19 -
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da
maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis
dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis
TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash
MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami
daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis
prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-
KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p
httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-
development-issues) (ruka 115)
ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT
miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656
httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)
- 20 -
12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi
geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani
aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli
periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad
qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT
(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad
zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa
- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)
- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)
- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)
- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)
umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da
miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari
gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi
wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da
zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris
gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani
reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma
xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan
aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba
rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al
javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4
ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)
- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan
- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde
- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde
zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures
samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi
zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro
- 21 -
zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi
zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan
aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8
kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac
misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs
gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes
SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli
magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens
MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur
gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea
romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT
gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro
orografiul raions
mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi
Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)
qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad
ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani
eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da
mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da
eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba
ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi
adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016
m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv
mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli
zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi
adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino
saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia
naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)
rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis
umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da
orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos
- 22 -
kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT
dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli
zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo
grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT
sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda
pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi
aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia
xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira
dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da
mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi
agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-
andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da
tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali
bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT
gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac
dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis
saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi
fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli
avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT
gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze
13 Hhava
bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa
damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi
teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi
cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis
uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs
waagavs
notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis
aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis
maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan
axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic
- 23 -
xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs
atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris
zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs
(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava
yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan
mkacrdeba
atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas
erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken
miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas
haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac
Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur
tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis
mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs
mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo
maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan
1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa
raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da
zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs
uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-
Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili
savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis
pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis
dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia
gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees
imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias
ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas
iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo
nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili
zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir
cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)
tipebis kanonzomier cvlas
- 24 -
zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs
temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi
zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre
sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian
mxareSic
sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad
ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs
qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli
uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian
sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs
Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba
aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari
meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan
dRemde
cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis
obieqtebze
Mmeteo-
sadguri
zd
simaR
m-Si
Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67
boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93
dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88
CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74
aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi
haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia
bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia
- 25 -
kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев
1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)
saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis
mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul
tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa
klimatis semdegi tipebi
131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati
Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-
500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-
temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi
iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami
Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli
klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri
temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT
Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s
ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda
aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll
bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris
ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara
nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis
CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli
saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da
100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa
yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris
Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde
zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips
- 26 -
132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati
vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi
Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da
naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura
Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-
mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali
fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000
mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-
s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia
yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi
Seadgens -16-170С-s
134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati
moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba
teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s
yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi
minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi
Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves
135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati
moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde
gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli
xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves
maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva
reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis
simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli
vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi
- 27 -
pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani
tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis
daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si
14 niadgebi
aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze
intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris
mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba
XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v
dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina
kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da
warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis
Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli
klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi
dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani
monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri
Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951
SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983
falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe
manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe
manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933
Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе
Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис
Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)
saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7
milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-
fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-
riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis
- 28 -
mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-
bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens
saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma
da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-
agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma
Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da
Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-
uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris
moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris
erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-
ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis
Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi
saxesxvaobebi
wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli
zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-
Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo
mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis
martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-
savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-
li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-
tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba
jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies
tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-
aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis
mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-
Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs
kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs
advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea
- 29 -
cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
klimatis daxasiaTeba
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia
yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura
aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi
minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo
100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-
47000С-s
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali
magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili
xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi
raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri
temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi
minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde
(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis
xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea
- 30 -
gagrZeleba cxrili 132
1 2 3 4
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -
80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-
3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze
Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-
1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo
temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -
16-170С-mde
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da
mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina
klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia
temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze
civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde
absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio
periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa
da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi
zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT
zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi
aRwevs 35-45 Tves
- 31 -
amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-
wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad
klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani
nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-
nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi
erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-
cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-
ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-
eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi
mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-
is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT
mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani
sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba
yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili
farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da
vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-
gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-
aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-
kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea
gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia
aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-
onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze
arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti
teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-
lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-
filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis
Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-
uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-
niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis
- 32 -
bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva
kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos
niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis
monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe
1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi
teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri
zonaloba
141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli
Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi
am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de
ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi
gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad
ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil
classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da
wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an
Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am
mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi
gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba
wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi
SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri
SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT
142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi
aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani
farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic
Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda
nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-
yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian
zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi
formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar
- 33 -
emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic
formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi
saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am
niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba
yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs
Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave
reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis
sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba
143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown
forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-
Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi
aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es
niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis
araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi
aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi
(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi
sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-
mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo
144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -
s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan
gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli
profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod
erodirebulia
145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi
gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona
warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli
- 34 -
FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da
torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi
vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si
15 hidrografia
Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia
mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas
axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze
mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia
qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi
Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis
samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani
zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da
Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT
gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod
rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare
kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs
xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba
dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg
kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas
saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea
romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens
mraval CanCqers
zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT
SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele
Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof
zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara
qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT
garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis
- 35 -
Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea
abSila da sxv)
aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis
naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa
CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian
uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli
warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia
60-90 lwm
garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan
2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac
dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da
gruntis wylebiT
nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian
mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas
hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia
xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi
16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria
mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac
mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo
faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT
biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT
gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis
formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT
kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da
qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti
sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri
Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе
19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a
mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d
manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi
- 36 -
cxrili 141 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze
gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi
mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli
simaRle (metri z-d-dan)
niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)
qveda sazRvari
zeda sazRvari
1 2 3 4
higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli
50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori
saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli
(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da
gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)
zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli
550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric
Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric
Cambisols)
zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli
550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali
niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)
naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT
(Gleic Cambisols)
subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli
2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District
Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)
- 37 -
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis
CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am
droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da
naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa
meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi
zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis
samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad
gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa
gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro
farTod gavrcelda
pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia
SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev
wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo
foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis
wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT
qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda
rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier
gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava
(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis
SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri
da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi
qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi
magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani
mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga
kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila
Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi
nekerCxali da sxva
meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime
gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis
qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv
xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde
myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis
- 38 -
vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac
ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi
SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi
romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani
saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis
kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _
zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi
dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi
wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi
(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)
naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis
kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli
mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic
dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul
sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic
pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli
epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara
qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis
teritoriebze
ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo
ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT
Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda
wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500
dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis
aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis
midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)
zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis
mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi
- 39 -
zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo
SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles
nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis
Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave
ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris
mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris
bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis
uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan
morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am
periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri
sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda
farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis
fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi
soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi
meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia
myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul
holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs
mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi
Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis
daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli
formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT
saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _
murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo
sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani
tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi
gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi
subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma
Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)
periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier
gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT
- 40 -
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier
Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi
saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua
holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic
kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda
aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc
yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi
igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
- 41 -
Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba
21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da
tradiciuli meurneoba)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri
reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da
faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze
seiqmna daculi landSafti
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia
13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts
3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia
aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT
daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14
anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20
anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02
saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs
warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi
marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa
daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves
xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni
mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis
Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens
maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash
tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan
pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash
mis sazRvrebs gareT
- 42 -
kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da
xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian
zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md
kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis
farglebSi)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli
niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi
teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze
maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan
tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis
saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis
proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis
daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac
daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT
dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan
22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs
ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia
saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha
anu 18
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT
wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis
wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian
murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)
wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)
koromebi (cxrili 211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum
Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum
rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum
rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum
subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad
damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-
- 43 -
buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis
agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi
mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani
monawileobiT
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)
modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis
donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)
zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur
saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)
(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის
(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze
xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac
tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze
meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT
Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis
Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT
mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)
tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi
produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის
დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი
ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული
ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის
ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის
კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)
kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis
udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha
anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo
maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT
dafaruli farTobisa
- 44 -
cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis
ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT
gabatonebuli saxeoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
Mmtiralas erovnuli parki
sul
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
farTobi (ha)
maragi (aTasi m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
muryani
rcxila (T+a)
wabli (T+a)
muxa (T+a)
wifeli
naZvi
Sqeri da wyavi
sxva merqnianebi
sul
4560
36
5730
45
28620
223
-
71290
555
1390
11
14830
115
1980
15
128400
100
496
22
808
36
4015
181
-
15985
717
404
18
465
21
106
05
22279
100
20440
130
7898
503
5448
35
-
102880
6553
-
-
17000
1082
3324
212
156990
100
2348
1145
10103
492
3202
156
-
164253
8010
-
-
3422
167
588
03
205048
100
25000
876
13628
477
34068
1194
-
174170
6102
1390
11
31830
1115
5304
126
285390
100
2844
665
18183
425
43352
1013
324103
7575
404
18
8072
104
1648
038
427838
100
- 45 -
cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili 213 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis
ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT
daculi teritoria
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba
boniteti sixSire
I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki
17180
133
88542
564
85820
668
50237
320
25400
199
18211
116
35490
277
22293
142
43700
340
55731
355
49210
383
78966
503
daculi
teritoriebi
xnovanebiTi jgufi
axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da
uxnesi
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
75
06
17583
112
1292
104
122452
780
2118
160
9262
59
9355
730
7692
49
- 46 -
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash III 6
saSualo sixSire ndash 059
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm
saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)
kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md
kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo
tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba
mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)
xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare
kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze
(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)
axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod
xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)
varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla
TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50
wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es
pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma
xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas
soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac
xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili
amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens
dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis
teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino
werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-
zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle
droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)
- 47 -
cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi
administraciuli
erTeuli
saSualo maragi Semateba
mwife da
uxnesi
koromebis
farTobebi
(ha)
xno
vaneb
a
boni
tet
i
sixSir
e
saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT
dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
aTasi m3
tyiT dafaruli
farTobis
1 ha-ze
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
116
III-6
059
22279
1740
17747
1900
179
14
93550
48
sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da
saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)
kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas
Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi
sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa
winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac
iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo
anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq
raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze
adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze
pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da
kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT
(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis
aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze
zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan
da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda
rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas
misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 8 tona
lobio 1 tona
kartofili 6 tona
bostneuli 1 tona
xili 5 tona
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi
mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi
landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens
49
mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi
produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili
tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi
mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs
mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli
bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3
tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri
mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis
wyaroa
xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis
moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da
zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani
roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero
da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi
aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da
saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi
mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe
merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-
mde farglebSi magaliTad
2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani
2010 welSi gaica 420 kubm saSeSe merqani
2011 welSi gaica 37 kubm saSeSe merqani
2012 welSi gaica 5592 kubm saSeSe merqani
50
bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar
dafiqsirebula
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi
obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia
adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod
samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul
marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia
mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani
kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012
wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro
vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia
2007 weli 0
2008 weli 458
2009 weli 1577
2010 weli 3464
2011 weli 3212
2012 weli 4800
bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba
22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli
meurneoba
saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali
etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer
kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis
SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis
teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros
(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo
am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda
51
aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi
parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo
gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis
teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli
parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi
tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli
zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da
reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am
teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis
yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze
xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis
ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul
ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas
mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis
ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis
formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri
cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da
aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood
dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze
sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra
mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri
biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri
tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa
mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris
tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria
Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha
52
(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703
ha (298)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo
farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis
tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da
dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac
uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT
sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da
soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis
municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva
xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru
qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis
mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT
dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens
merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi
rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli
(Castanea sativa)
xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini
umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze
didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis
sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06
sixSiris koromebze
tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris
ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm
tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m
simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze
tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT
saSualo xnovaneba ndash 141 weli
saSualo boniteti ndash II-6
saSualo sixSire ndash 062
53
koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 2050 kbm
saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm
mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis
garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze
anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar
SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi
saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs
specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba
eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad
dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi
sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis
damzadebis samuSaoebi
aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri
mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria
xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi
xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad
saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)
tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis
tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen
nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad
Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis
samuSaoebi
xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad
hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna
mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad
xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili
tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi
gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da
teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali
intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze
zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda
54
tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo
Wrebi warmoadgenda
zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis
manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad
SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro
gaumjobesdeba
unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT
ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad
damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili
teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT
buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs
intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili
aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas
Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis
mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi
monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul
gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan
iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari
gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT
Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq
saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis
tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis
teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia
daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare
teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa
umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis
tyis farTobebze
2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad
sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da
buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans
misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli
55
zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da
vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda
vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad
realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis
buferuli zonis soflebSi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam
Seadgina
2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli
2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)
2009 weli daiSva 229855 kubm (aTvisebulia 83000 kubm)
2010 weli daiSva 279899 kubm (aTvisebulia 114889 kubm)
2011 weli daiSva 151907 kubm (aTvisebulia 20538 kubm)
2012 weli daiSva 18444 kubm (aTvisebulia 75896 kubm)
mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri
monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul
sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 659 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1648 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 754 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 0674 kubm
2012 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 140 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
169500 kubm
2008 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
298300 kubm
2009 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
139900 kubm
56
2010 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
173000 kubm
2011 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba
187900 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli
mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze
satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba
2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 4195 kubm
2008 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 552 kubm
2009 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 1769 kubm
2010 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 5430 kubm
2011 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 581 kubm
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-
tyis moculoba 582 kubm
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan
uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis
mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli
Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis
soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils
tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da
mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT
nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba
adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan
gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi
memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod
weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti
simindi 5712 tona
lobio 576 tona
kartofili 3408 tona
bostneuli 3049 tona
xili 1249 tona
57
yurZeni 2097 tona
citrusi 6700 tona
Tambaqo 11 tona
sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri
meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis
didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba
bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia
warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad
momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis
gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema
unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis
xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare
teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali
mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac
citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli
nawilis realizeba xdeba
mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi
memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba
Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242
tona rZe 1172800 litri
2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris
ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 4510 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 40-dan 115
tonamde Tafli
mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis
ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964
ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod
Seadgens
wabli 416 tona
kakali 141 8 tona
mocvi 154 tona
58
mayvali 25 tona
soko 15 tona
dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia
TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi
yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi
Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi
yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi
TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris
dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis
dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis
samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze
miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi
xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15
mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria
sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s
saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli
wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs
mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT
irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs
mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis
sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis
infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-
RameSi
mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli
warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo
simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi
mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30
Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs
(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi
bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben
daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi
59
mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde
uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar
ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof
CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa
centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa
patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian
saavtomobilo gzas
karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis
faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar
aRiniSneba
mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis
mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2
adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks
yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian
vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod
35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis
rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul
vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3
dRiT
turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis
administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi
vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti
- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili
- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani
- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani
vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia
2007 weli 69
2008 weli 628
2009 weli 2533
2010 weli 15350
2011 weli 19400
2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137
60
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis
departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas
erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi
2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad
uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 108 sacxovrebel Senobaze 9 ojaxi imyofeba
geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia
mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad
qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22
ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-
qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-
rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-
rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad
2008 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis
qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-
Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli
- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli
mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli
61
aqedan
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-
vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad
safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 117 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 5 adamiani
- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-
qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi
aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 37 sacxovrebeli saxli
qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli
procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15
maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)
rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis
dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar
dafiqsirebula
aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-
ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis
gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da
racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos
tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-
higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva
garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli
mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone
mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra
62
Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba
31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da
ZiriTadi formaciebi)
biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)
mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs
struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva
niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
(Whittaker 1972)
tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da
biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966
baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)
Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis
Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da
saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens
garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri
mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli
Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis
SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C
Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai
Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин
2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев
2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)
dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi
mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J
63
Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran
Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)
konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas
da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis
istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis
dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng
Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann
Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский
2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)
sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da
subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri
metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo
Jukka 2007)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki
floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT
floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT
evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis
floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis
xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri
warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli
periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es
farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda
axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da
mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis
pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da
wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur
merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs
kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels
xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis
64
damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli
Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa
warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers
aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi
nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an
krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom
igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens
zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis
Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi
kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri
wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli
balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus
ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _
lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS
zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi
mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da
mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi
romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi
elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac
maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi
xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava
mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli
niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis
Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi
balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens
xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da
mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul
olqebs uaxlovdeba
mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel
subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari
subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo
aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva
mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba
65
tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi
acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma
tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa
foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli
saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma
formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva
mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian
gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad
daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba
mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis
vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi
erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba
da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi
satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi
ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis
dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis
mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi
iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi
dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad
sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis
pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve
mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli
farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri
maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli
papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969
gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001
2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani
2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998
manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010
daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)
fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis
mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze
ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis
66
ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur
erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am
mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens
romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli
Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa
konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе
1974)
Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis
asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-
tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli
parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25
asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
Sqeriani (azonaluria)
subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas
erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis
ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi
niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben
mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri
67
sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan
erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia
Semdegi sartylebiT
kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli
foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-
wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa
da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani
tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani
tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli
foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli
(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi
bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-
dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye
ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq
SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier
anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli
kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da
notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da
mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi
merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT
lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi
Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane
saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m
simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis
(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)
muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)
romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-
wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-
wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus
baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis
romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes
Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva
foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi
68
meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT
kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum
opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus
barbata Carpinus caucasica
mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane
iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis
Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic
xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis
SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro
iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian
Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus
maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis
tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza
gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv
Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri
suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)
romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki
SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria
agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze
xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT
yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis
saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus
balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов
1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da
sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani
safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi
mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur
cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant
Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula
69
forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva
balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi
buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali
mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv
kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis
Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii
Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea
spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula
europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon
orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica
zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da
tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso
uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze
xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi
gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina
Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album
Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da
sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium
majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul
ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica
aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani
safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba
ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da
balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am
safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic
rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri
faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils
iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi
Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)
70
11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirenti- fruticosa)
1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic
Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm
A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia
Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus
officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia
Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis
scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol
2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus
glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides
iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus
officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana
Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75
iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen
adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant
Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol
3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba
300 m-mde zRvis donidan
iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-
200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea
sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus
colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)
iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum
Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80
71
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris
incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol
wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba
rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde
erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi
wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli
da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris
wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis
tyis qvesartyeli
wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus
orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra
Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli
SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli)
qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium
arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus
lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus
lupulus Periploca graeca
balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom
tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur
sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva
cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT
xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi
mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT
xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan
iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia
strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir
Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben
balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli
saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga
72
cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum
buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum
Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita
pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul
adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo
tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv
wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi
fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)
21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)
iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides
sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
73
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica
Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia
qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90
iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum
Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina
Digitalis ferruginea - Sp
2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-
Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus
officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli
dafaruloba 30-35
iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys
silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp
3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli
dafaruloba 50-70
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
74
sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)
dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer
laetum+Taxus baccata
iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R
hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80
iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli
dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana
intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp
5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia
150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus
damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera
colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos
iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli
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22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta
nuda herbosa)
1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti
edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica
iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron
ponticum
iarusi C ar aris
2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 700-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus
iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum
iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp
3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus
baccata
iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum
Hedera colchica
iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -
Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula
europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp
76
23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta
aestifruticosa)
1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=30 m Dt=52 sm A=140w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis
rcxila Carpinus betulus
iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia
Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum
Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507
iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp
2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 400-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)
dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus
orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa
Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine
impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola
odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp
3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m
zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti
edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica
iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1
Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp
xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad
warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT
(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis
77
aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi
ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri
didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium
tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi
sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)
wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea
gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur
safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi
wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo
zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis
nakrZalSi)
sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)
wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum
Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana
Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa
da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis
78
lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis
SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur
suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan
safarSi ufro monawileobs
balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye
mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula
odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa
napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800
m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri
sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT
Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus
ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata
Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum
sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites
albus Calamintha grandiflora
wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi
sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye
yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia
Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis
monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus
grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv
wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)
31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip
iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
79
iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus
Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia
Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp
2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana
damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia
Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40
iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon
Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2
sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum
80
3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1700 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia
begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica Rusucus colchicus
iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli
4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-1700 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (sur 315)
iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea
sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus
torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum
damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus
caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica
proeqciuli dafaruloba 80
iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula
odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp
5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)
iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm
A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii
B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion
angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp
81
sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum
32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta
aestifruticosa)
1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 316)
iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea
sativa
iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex
colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata
Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1
Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp
82
sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
83
2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1000-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 317)
iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm
A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium
arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60
iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -
Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum
buplerioides ndashSp
3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis
iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba
70
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus
Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1
33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)
1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 900-1400 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 318)
iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)
doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus
avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60
iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa
Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum
Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1
84
2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=
140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus
Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis
iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron
ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli
dafaruloba 60-70
iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana
schischtocalyx- Cop1
sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1200-1600 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti
edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus
85
iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia
strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta
Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2
34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)
1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1500 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)
dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica
iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica
iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli
2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic
gavrcelebulia 600-1200 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus
Tilia begonifolia
iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra
iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris
filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1
3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=
110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-
femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis
abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1
86
4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-
mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan
farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri
Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii
Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum
iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca
montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium
psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2
5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis
donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus
betuluss+Acer trautvetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus
Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos
iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-
Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp
6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-2000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana
Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus
caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus
iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum
asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2
87
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa
gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da
TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli
Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis
merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri
sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma
unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da
ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki
gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur
319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera
damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~
uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da
warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex
colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es
cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis
namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis
uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT
mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli
88
sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~
Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia
Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv
7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-
1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)
dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus
colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex
colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera
colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides
iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis
scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp
subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde
vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod
kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili
(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili
(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli
tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia
romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da
buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF
Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli
romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri
subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis
elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT
saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi
subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad
specifikuri tipebi
subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da
warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri
meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT
89
am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri
dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da
aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum
orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii
swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos
subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT
arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT
tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod
mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi
monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer
trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula
buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi
monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes
alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv
kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi
magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro
xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve
gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris
oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum
Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da
RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum
nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv
maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii
C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari
polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene
ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P
nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima
Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha
Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva
90
subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis
moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc
tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad
gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi
arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis
samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi
gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе
Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod
mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S
colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum
Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum
Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum
Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv
subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da
maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba
rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia
Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex
colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis
Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus
caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT
erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli
dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis
friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da
dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad
cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani
gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi
formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi
adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac
ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq
gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul
dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla
aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G
psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv
91
ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad
gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii
Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum
Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian
adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana
Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum
Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs
samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze
gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina
da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V
myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio
pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv
subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis
jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)
41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)
1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic
gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca
proeqciuli dafaruloba 70
iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella
Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1
42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)
1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa
subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi
92
iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)
dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia
Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri
iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes
biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus
iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum
Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx
Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2
Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1
subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti
batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis
(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT
saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis
subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi
cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi
romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul
aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum
nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus
nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens
Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S
cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata
Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H
sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda
maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal
saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla
elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv
93
zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-
lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri
maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs
uwodeben
subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar
gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri
mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT
Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-
nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi
marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum
odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum
alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs
saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali
ferdobebi uWiravT
marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan
erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica
grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba
tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze
ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-
qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts
Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad
gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia
A albana da sxv
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras
(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari
kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica
Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale
Potentilla erecta da sxv
saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-
dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras
saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium
94
Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus
astrantiefolius da sxv
sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari
polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria
latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur
mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze
gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic
mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine
seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis
32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi
aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m
daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко
Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis
dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis
mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis
uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov
1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT
aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba
romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo
raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT
iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis
ekoregionSi
321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi
95
kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele
muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT
romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3211)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan
gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18
gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni
arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572
gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-
38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens
cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis
dacul teritoriebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)
taqsonomiuri jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta
13 18 29
Spermatophyta
103 574 865
Gymnospermae
3 2 5
Angiospermae
100 572 861
Dicotyledones
83 494 721
Monocotyledones
17 78 140
sul
116 593 894
96
rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis
erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac
daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri
struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis
konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus
Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8
cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi
urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri
mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi
liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi
Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794
3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255
97
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27
iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis
nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian
balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba
maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare
xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi
balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106
(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze
didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani
mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi
merqniani saxeobebia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi
kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli
evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri
elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo
formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi
xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad
Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki
Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-
98
rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-
lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia
warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-
s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da
evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom
nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)
99
diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad
dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306
gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian
(cxrili 3221)
cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi
erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi
SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba
romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66
Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22
Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris
Semadgenlobis 544 - s Seadgens
taqsonomiuri
jgufi
ojaxi gvari saxeoba
Pteridophyta 13 16 25
Spermatophyta 93 289 496
Gymnospermae 1 1 1
Angiospermae 92 288 495
Dicotyledones 76 242 428
Monocotyledones 16 46 67
sul 107 306 522
100
M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222
cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli
raionis wamyvani ojaxebi
rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive
florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da
Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT
gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli
parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT
mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi
zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-
alpuri sartylebi
mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
ojaxi saxeobaTa
raodenoba
1 Asteraceae 66 126 Asteraceae 210 114
2 Poaceae 35 67 Poaceae 146 794
3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555
4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402
5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386
6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357
7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337
8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332
9 Boraginaceae 16 3 Liliaceae 47 255
10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255
101
floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic
esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-
5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa
sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT
urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri
parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-
buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili
xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 419
erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 116
orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 36
tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 20
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod
maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935
wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi
marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini
raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier
gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian
bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris
elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419
(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)
mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo
102
formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca
gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac
mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens
xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-
67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-
65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis
geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3221)
kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk
diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa
Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri
maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris
msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis
floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara
103
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi
mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis
floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi
acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul
originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo
romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT
aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia
mocemulia danarTi 1-Si
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis
moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu
niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi
gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1
mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis
1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)
33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
floris endemebi
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa
da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-
bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur
floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-
genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-
reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken
endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia
da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis
104
dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis
sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad
ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris
floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad
migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs
saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis
geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis
zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis
M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa
warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s
Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)
sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba
sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili
orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri
saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 42 ojaxsa da 97 gvarSi
saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13
Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum
Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT
arian warmodgenili
mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo
formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT
Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba
aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis
endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis
amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul
teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze
endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446
kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9
saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis
endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans
diagramaze (diagrama 331)
105
kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan
kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5
aWaris-3
mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22
(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2
kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas
erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis
amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis
umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris
warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi
Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var
adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana
swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi
damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria
dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas
kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic
mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium
szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum
arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana
Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum
cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora
swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur
sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad
106
diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri
Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis
mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba
bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da
arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal
bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan
erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero
ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi
dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri
Tanafardoba
ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali
frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis
mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa
da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT
heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis
niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze
107
yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca
swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad
daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli
ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew
ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da
cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes
XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier
floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da
kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo
romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da
gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili
eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis
Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad
garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli
monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze
muSaoba
elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan
dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa
da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben
erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac
umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis
rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis
winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia
Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da
habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba
uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama
mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-
108
neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis
farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa
mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli
ekoregionis mravalferovnebas
1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom
miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa
gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara
samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma
gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da
msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis
komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva
sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac
saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi
EX ndash gadaSenebuli
EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli
CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi
EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi
VU ndash mowyvladi
NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi
LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas
DD ndash arasruli monacemebi
NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli
saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi
gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli
aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi
2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso
wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im
kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba
gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT
109
wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa
ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac
saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas
saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56
saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia
aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus
sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne
albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya
carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus
pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica
Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea
orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)
veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia
mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G
woronowii)
kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa
da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom
kintiSis dacul teritoriebze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya
pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea
colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa
110
Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria
pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica
Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus
decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii
Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra
- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 69 saxeoba (248 aWaridan kavkasiis
bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)
- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo
daculia 8 saxeoba (80 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani
raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana
Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera
- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi
saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT
daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G
woronowii
cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa
konservaciis statusi
konservaciis statusi
kintriSi Mmtirala NP
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006
11 - (VU)
2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)
sul 13 12
kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012
151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)
8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)
6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)
6 -(DD) -
111
42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis
daavadebebi
bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil
daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens
mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe
2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda
muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo
foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda
1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -
1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -
1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -
1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))
1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))
3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)
4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)
sul 185 60
IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo
1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend
decreasing)
1 - ( Near Threatened ver
31 Pop trend
decreasing)
2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver
31)
1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver
23 (needs updating))
1 - (Lower Risknear
threatened ver 23 (needs
updating))
2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver
23 (needs updating)
2 - Lower Riskleast
concern ver 23 (needs
updating)
1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend
stable
sul 205 78
112
mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)
70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs
soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi
espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli
daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul
teritoriebzec gavrcelda
dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis
fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia
rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi
teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari
mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa
da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba
kenwerodan (sur 425 426)
qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad
axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi
pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels
SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve
cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis
zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi
maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis
parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)
113
sur 421 sur 422
sur 423 sur 424
sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi
sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza
sur 423 paTogenurobis testi
sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola
sur 425 sur 426
114
sur 427 sur 428
sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi
sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili
sur 428 gamoCekili matli
aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da
tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da
dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an
inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli
mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis biologiuri meTodi
43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi)
aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic
kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da
Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas
ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi
sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo
erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris
miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia
115
misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT
Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT
aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma
da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da
mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da
sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo
sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs
iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad
aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva
saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe
Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)
aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi
(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10
reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130
mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)
reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)
saxeoba (cxrili 431)
cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba
msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT
klasi
aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep
sul
(100) sul sul
FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130
amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400
reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370
116
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis
20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4
(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37
(51) saxeoba
aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da
cxrili 433 ndashSi
aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi
konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni
(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos
Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia
clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus
(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus
migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni
(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula
parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra
rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300
ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510
s u l 596 158 260 174 290
117
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba
Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter
brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)
Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)
Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica
(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia
derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)
Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)
Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis
apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)
Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra
lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis
Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi
118
sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT
dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN
(IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul 15 17
119
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+
4bcde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN
(Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU
(B2ab(iiiii)
sul
34 36
120
cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi
konservaciuli statusi
saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa
(2006)
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
1 2 3 4 5
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC
Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977)
EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)
121
gagrZeleba cxrili 432
1 2 3 4 5
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)
VU (D1) EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)
VU (D1) LC
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC
- 121 -
cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da
qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT
konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)
1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -
1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)
1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)
- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)
1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)
1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)
1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)
1 ndash VU (A1e) -
1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))
- 1 - VU (B2a)
6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)
1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)
sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17
IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)
2 ndash EN
(A2bcde+3bcde+4b
cde)
22 - LC 22 - LC
- 1 ndash VU
(A2ce+3ce+4ce)
- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)
1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN
(B2ab(iiiiiv)
7 - NT 7 - NT
1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)
1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)
sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)
34 36
- 122 -
sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi
sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
- 123 -
mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis
yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)
dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli
nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis
Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17
erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10
erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi
Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)
cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da
mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT)
cxovelis saxeoba
IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt
arCvi Rupicapra
rupicapra
LC ver 31 Pop
trend unknown
2010 weli
2012 weli
2010 weli
2012 weli
91 112 170 170 (200)
wavi Lutra
lutra
NT ver 31 Pop
trend decreasing
15 32 135 135(150)
mura daTvi
Ursus arctos
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
95 83 80 86
mgeli Canis
lupus
LC ver 31 Pop
trend stable
16 27
5 5
kverna Martes
foina M
martes
LC ver 31) Pop
trend stable
160 168 145 155
kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus
anomalus
LC ver 31 165 265 72 75
- 124 -
Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis
kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze
51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi
ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli
qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis
koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10
wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели
В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П
Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis
intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad
nadgurdeba
wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan
rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g
gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri
daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba
marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT
koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis
aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis
(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas
aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4
aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)
wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze
mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas
da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria
agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)
monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba
- 125 -
mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT
warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II
generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva
wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve
wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli
cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis
periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952
Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel
rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad
moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni
viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze
arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis
mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis
TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi
erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali
warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri
RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT
anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba
sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli
merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-
mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis
Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si
wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis
Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad
SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis
saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane
qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi
rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT
pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver
- 126 -
viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis
susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli
rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna
dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis
Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari
saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic
ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT
es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)
ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac
naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)
naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba
wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv
jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis
TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi
gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da
mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva
warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis
stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT
wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc
samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan
sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi
gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs
Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani
wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07
sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs
(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels
xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels
- 127 -
sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
128
cxrili 511
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
D
daculi teritoria
sf
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis daxriloba
(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)
boniteti
koromis Semadgen-loba
qvetyis dafaruloba
() sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis Sefaseba
(Гулисашвили
1956)
saxeoba
1-10sm
11-30sm
31-50sm
gt 51
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
1
850 sd 15-20
Castanetum
azaleosum TesliTi
81-100 I-II
10wb+rc+nZ
20
06-07
wabli
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
saukeTeso
sul
1600
40
23600
578
7200
176
8400
206
40800
100
129
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis daculi
teritoriebi
2
980
Crd
20-250
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum
TesliTi
100-120
II-III
8wb1wf
1rcx+nZ
45
07-08
wabli
850
168
1400
277
2020
400
780
155
5050
100
susti
wifeli
-
-
320
299
-
-
750
701
1070
100
rcxila
-
-
120
632
-
-
70
368
190
100
naZvi
-
-
60
375
-
-
100
625
160
100
sul
850
131
1900
294
2020
312
1700
263
6470
100
130
gagrZeleba cxrili 511
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 3
560 Crd 15-200
Castanetum
rhododen-
drosum TesliTi
120 II
9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70
05
wabli
80
79
560
555
150
149
220
217
1010
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
70
292
-
-
170
708
240
100
rcxila
-
-
160
470
70
206
110
324
340
100
sul 80
50
790
500
210
133
500
317
1580
100
Mmtiralas erovnuli
parki 4
800 samxdas 25-30-400
Castanetum
rubosum TesliTi
90 III
7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80
04
wabli
-
-
-
-
70
368
120
632
190
100
Zlier susti
wifeli
-
-
140
341
210
512
60
147
410
100
sul -
-
140
233
280
467
180
300
600
100
- 131 -
rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad
mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis
koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi
ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da
axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba
cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi
mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-
05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni
pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis
asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba
tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis
kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi
wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis
msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)
bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi
boniteti
mozardis
xnovaneba (weli )
mozardis simaRlis statistikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
M saS
metri
Mm
metri
nimuSebis
raodenoba
1 2 3 4 5
maRali
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(ielis qvetyiT)
1 0-10 002 3
2 11-30 003 3
3 31-50 004 3
5 50 da gt 006 6
saSualo
bonitetis
wablnarebSi
(Sqeris qvetyiT)
2 0-10 002 3
3 11-30 003 3
4 31-50 004 3
7 50 da gt 006 6
- 132 -
v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash
saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf
3-4 ndash Zlier sustia
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis
sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi
iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava
mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa
dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi
romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs
daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari
aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa
wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis
transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis
wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis
Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane
qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT
wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba
52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba
saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da
Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v
mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da
sxvaTa SromebSi
aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba
damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT
dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash
zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze
eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi
gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000
- 133 -
ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba
gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi
cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi
ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da
xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze
dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis
Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )
iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul
tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis
Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da
ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili
tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari
Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)
rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul
biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi
mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze
adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)
mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze
wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-
zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani
safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad
formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis
6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da
15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi
gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)
tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)
sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT
xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti
proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis
Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze
- 134 -
meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze
naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)
dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis
SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba
11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan
SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi
ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m
simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi
mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis
Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis
sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli
bunebrivi ganaxlebiT
135
cxrili 521
aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis
mixedviT
daculi
teritoria
sf
asociacia
simaRlzd(m)
eqspozicia
ferdobis
daxriloba
(gradusi)
Kkoromis
Semadgenloba
qvetyis
dafaruloba ()
saburvelis
Sekruloba
sixSire
aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba
cali 1 ha-ze
ganaxlebis
Sefaseba
saxeoba
lt05
06-15
gt15
sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
1
Fagetum
rhododendrosum
920
Crd das
250
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
2300
730
700
222
150
48
3150
100
susti rc
-
-
120
75
40
25
160
100
sul
2300
695
820
248
190
57
3310
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
2
Fagetum rubosum
860
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
8800
259
16800
494
8400
247
34000
100
kargi rcx
50
169
170
576
75
255
295
100
sul
8850
258
16970
495
8475
247
34295
100
136
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
3
Fagetum- Carpine-
to azalesum
1223
Crd
250
8wf+2rcx
30
09
07
wf
rcx
3100
233
280
718
6800
511
110
282
3400
256
-
-
13300
100
390
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 3380
247
6910
505
3400
248
13690
100
kintriSis
daculi
teritoriebi
4
Fagetum festuco-
sum
1780
samx aRm
350
10wf+rcx
+nk
20
06
05
wf
rcx
5370
303
320
615
8650
488
130
250
3700
209
70
135
17720
100
520
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 5690
312
8780
481
3770
207
18240
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
5
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 875
Crd das
150
10wf+wb
60
09
07
wf
rcx
1500
893
50
303
180
107
70
424
-
-
45
273
1680
100
165
100
susti sul 1550
840
250
135
45
25
1845
100
137
gagrZeleba cxrili 521
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
6
Fagetum rubosum
900
Crd
200
10wf+rcx+
+ccx
20
06
06
wf
rcx
8800
259
120
414
16800
494
80
276
8400
247
90
310
34000
100
290
100
kargi
sul 8920
182
16880
348
8490
176
34290
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
7
Fagetum -Carpine-
to azalesum
1100
Crd
300
7wf3rcx+wb
30
08
07
wf
rcx
2200
193
70
778
5800
509
20
222
3400
298
-
-
11400
100
90
100
damakmayofi
lebeli
sul 2270
197
5820
507
3400
296
11490
100
mtiralas
erovnuli parki
8
Fagetum
rhododendrosum 380
Crd das
250
8wf2rcx+Tx
70
06
04
wf
rcx
200
741
80
727
70
259
30
273
-
-
-
-
270
100
110
100
Zlier susti
sul
280
737
100
263
-
-
380
100
138
mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da
mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva
asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac
aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi
ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis
saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis
mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)
mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi
Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT
xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi
mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba
wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac
gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba
xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo
pirobebi
aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-
radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri
SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis
mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT
139
daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis
Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-
istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli
elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis
2 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad
saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur
periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba
kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi
mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi
ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely
wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi
naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli
daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani
saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis
sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur
(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis
arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli
qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli
farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis
rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT
3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-
sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac
miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve
rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom
iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian
140
Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da
reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze
4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-
sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi
flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris
sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda
5 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri
ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba
- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd
- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde
- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde
- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde
- Sqeriani (azonaluria)
- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde
- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde
- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde
- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde
kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul
parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris
6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da
maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi
fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-
Carpinetum rhododendrosum)
- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)
141
7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum
rhododendrosum
- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)
- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)
- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)
- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan
- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)
- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)
Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari
(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)
8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali
konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis
ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)
- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)
- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)
- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-
laurocerasosum)
- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-
rhododendrozum)
foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan
- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)
- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)
- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)
142
- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)
- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto
Fagetum rubosum
- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)
Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba
- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)
- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)
- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)
- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)
- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)
- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)
biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone
formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas
erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha
farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane
saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri
muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges
(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT
9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia
Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da
dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan
erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris
endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan
erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto
caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT
(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli
xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari
(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva
10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis
literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi
143
warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian
maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa
da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq
warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100
ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119
Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38
Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis
555 - s Seadgens
farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar
gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla
Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia
Senecio Cardamine-8
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 115 (128) saxeoba maT
Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac
fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia
mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-
Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da
gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi
mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli
Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s
Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara
marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT
warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens
kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis
romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis
didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia
warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili
398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens
144
romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli
elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis
flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba
sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-
128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi
mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis
floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba
magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis
mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash
54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze
11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda
rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi
erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13
ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani
522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian
saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-
35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21
Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s
Seadgens
saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6
Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5
sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani
floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-
32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia
merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba
mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea
balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)
orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi
procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia
145
warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia
sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris
saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134
saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis
256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli
floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-
winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire
aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10
saxeoba-19
12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli
parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)
frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba
Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps
grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo
verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum
(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter
brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus
cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)
Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco
tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)
Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)
146
13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul
teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi
gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70) reptiliebis 10 (41)
frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34) saxeoba
kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi
saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo
fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila
chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco
vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)
Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)
IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 28 saxeoba Cyprinus
carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton
ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)
Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis
(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans
(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco
naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus
anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra
(LC)
14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi
teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo
(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris
(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-
dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi
Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis
lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri
ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde
15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da
mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi
147
xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo
(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)
16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis
bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia
struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi
susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da
pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da
wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da
maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da
rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis
Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis
muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba
simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane
qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)
maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian
rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa
ganviTarebuli
yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da
sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar
asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis
wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi
(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia
17 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis
amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36
mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23
higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba
18 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia
148
carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29
qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6
19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-
neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis
adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes
ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi
mimdinareoba
20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo
zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge
meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva
simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli
rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi
21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-
nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis
ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze
fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-
debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis
efeqturi RonisZiebebi
22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri
mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo
potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles
yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-
saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo
koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da
saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze
dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi
149
Ggamoyenebuli literatura
1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442
gv
2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962
442 gv
3 batoniSvili
vaxuSti 1944
batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi
saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv
4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi
2002 280 gv
5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis
balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis
ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t
XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)
6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli
eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst
Sro t II gv 32-42
7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri
faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi
Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001
8 bunebis matiane
200820092010
ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis
sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo
9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a
buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv
10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis
yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi
saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani
sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi
tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81
11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi
da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi
Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009
150
12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi
da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati
biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 2002 31 gv
13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis
Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes
Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18
14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis
biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da
landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv
69-82
15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis
xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi
ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV
1987
16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa
aWarardquo gv 2-3
17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da
saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba
saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis
Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23
18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo
II gamocema Tbilisi 1974
19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze
wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis
ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis
mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis
SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-
praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54
20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa
samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv
347-351
21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis
foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo
151
30 Tbilisi gv 352-355
22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze
mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa
zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli
universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis
instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis
masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194
23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis
mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo
universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli
sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239
24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba
`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv
25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi
baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv
26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi
tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19
27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos
flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003
28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
29 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis
gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv
30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba
1961 249gv
31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris
ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl
meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1994 16gv
32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis
niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis
botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi
~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176
152
33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli
subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis
gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze
agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero
SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24
34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris
subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli
formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb
baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi
(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2
baTumi gv 173-181
35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis
fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris
cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos
botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli
respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-
13
36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri
sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos
niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28
37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia
wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli
mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa
krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37
38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris
mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn
kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004
59 gv
39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da
mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da
mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38
40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora
mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo
(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28
41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi
153
subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-
aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis
moambe t 18) gv 12-15
42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri
Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis
axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero
konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi
tomi V gv 5-8
43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis
zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis
dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi
1964 (rusul enaze)
44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis
maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da
fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~
1971 200 gv
46 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri
mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68
47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis
biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli
ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba
ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119
48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi
mecniereba 1965 552 gv
49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria
samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi
gv 267-281
50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis
bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-
40
51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi
ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli
ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi
1998
154
52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi
Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163
53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi
mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134
54 falavandiSvili
1987
falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da
maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa
aWara~ 1987 104 gv
55 falavandiSvili
1993
falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri
gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli
kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT
`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa
doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi 1993 27 gv
56 falavandiSvili
2004
falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi
ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv
57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv
58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria
Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ
59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168
გვ
60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis
mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997
487 gv
61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli
procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis
problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288
62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi
teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba
samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)
Tbilisi 2010 gv 42-43
63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi
universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88
64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv
65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis
flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri
sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9
155
66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv
123
67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг
лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной
биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-
Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе
таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы
научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса
Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт
2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус
68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~
1896 кн 1 стр 22
69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
70 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических
факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных
заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр
71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов
буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии
Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129
72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических
исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем
Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-
конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с
56-60 Рус
73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой
(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны
природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных
территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-
практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008
Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус
74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая
оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и
таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с
164-169 Рус рез англ
75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных
сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния
экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады
Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006
156
Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус
76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного
Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3
Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1
Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус
77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер
по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на
слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та
леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107
78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском
ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического
садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51
79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования
юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения
тр Воронежского государственного университета
Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237
80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных
лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та
Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31
81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический
журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193
82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и
экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой
природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах
Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез
англ
83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков
Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5
с 22-26
84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -
исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр
85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат
1956 354 стр
86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М
1956 354 стр
87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях
чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз
филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр
88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и
их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-
во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449
157
стр
89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление
буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)
Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72
90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии
ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр
91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси
bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр
92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв
Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472
93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на
Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900
32 стр
94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363
96 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука
Москва 1966 стр 223-225
97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические
указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974
Тбилиси стр 8-109
98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия
лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с
ил Рус
99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и
особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические
культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155
100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского
филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933
3 стр 66-70
101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз
ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-
196
102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная
субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913
стр31-44
103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира
ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности
1906 стр175-193
104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС
158
серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии
ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР
1935 стр 1-32
105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т
4 стр 132-145
106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов
Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр
104-112
107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия
геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР
М-Л 1936 стр 1-46
108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и
разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал
Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-
163
109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных
воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии
Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29
Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42
110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции
деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и
каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат
диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22
стр
111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -
хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262
стр
112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности
горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии
Тбилиси 1982 191 стр
113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности
Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр
114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и
использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского
института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44
115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа
М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр
116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья
Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во
159
Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр
117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень
дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус
118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов
Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV
Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-
13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ
119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии
Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347
120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв
Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр
121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского
ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические
особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры
Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского
ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136
122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр
ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38
стр
123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных
субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр
124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья
Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39
125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М
Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр
126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и
биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)
Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического
мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы
Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып
4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус
127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
128 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной
растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957
стр 1315-1324
129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР
тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453
130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo
Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр
160
131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов
и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного
Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое
будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-
Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-
297 Рус рез англ
132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L
Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей
природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117
133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ
Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта
Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31
Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163
134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к
дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества
испытателей природы т110 6 2005
135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к
анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов
Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус
рез англ
136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной
флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст
137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных
условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и
безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79
138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of
the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and
Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ
139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и
геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе
Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka
a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz
Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез
англ
140 Cullotta Sebastiano
2007
Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов
леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне
на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity
assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur
J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ
161
141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey
Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali
Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in
tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-
1181 Англ
142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the
former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp
143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile
thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen
Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388
144 Grandtner Miroslaw
2006
Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев
Северной Америки North American native tree species
diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ
145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo
Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a
Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N
79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп
146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist
Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005
147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz
Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p
148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz
Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)
Tbilisi 2010 36p
149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University
press 1997 858 pp
150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E
Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the
spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N
10 с 1729-1749 Англ
151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh
Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild
grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6
No 2 pp 93-164
152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N
IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)
Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-
123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm
153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и
рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических
162
и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их
экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for
biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest
plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework
Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ
154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest
biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with
cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and
indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез
фр
155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus
Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103
156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri
Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The
Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region
157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro
2005
Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian
Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных
разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране
Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests
of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480
158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua
Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на
острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007
27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ
159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A
(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed
by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006
160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity
Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251
161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель
оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного
вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa
ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ
162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain
Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of
vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178
163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის
მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების
პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი
ბარათი 1994
2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации
163
лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений
питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами
содействия естественному возобновлению 1977
ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21
164 eleqtronuli
informaciebi
1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da
Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos
mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19
Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge
httpwwwnacresorg
2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული
პროგრამაNEAP2
httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi
nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge
3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas
erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo
(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i
d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350
4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis
sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996
wN003 http wwwparliamentge)
5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~
httpwwwgaremoitdcge
6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist
7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
httpwwwbiodivorg
8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~
WWF-international WCMC 1997
9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development
of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity
Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-
2010
httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu
sshtml CEPF final project completion report
httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl
antspdf
10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living
planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg
11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi
a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc
asus_Region)
164
12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg
13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu
spdf
14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-
ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)
15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve
16 FAO soil classification
httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification
html
165
danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia
ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo
forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi
1 5 6 7 8
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f
Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f
Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f
Aviride Huds P H J r
Aworonowii Christ P HJ r
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f
Athyriaceae Alst
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r
Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f
Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel
Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f
Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f
Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic
Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f
Doreades Fomin P H srsh
Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f
Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f
Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r
P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f
Equisetaceae Rich ex DC
Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms
Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f
Huperziaceae Rothm
Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f
Hymenophyllaceae Link
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f
166
Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli
Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f
Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb
Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m
Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf
Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli
Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f
Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh
Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf
Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl
Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr
Pteridaceae Reichen
Pteris cretica L P CD f
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr
Jsabina L ђ H fr
Pinaceae Lindl
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f
Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f
Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f
Taxaceae SFGray
Taxus baccata L yen C f
A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)
Aceraceae Juss
Acer campestre L yen CDFH f
Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f
Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f
Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian
Amaranthaceae Juss
Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd
Ahyrbidus L CDF rd
Aretroflexus L CDF rd
Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)
Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm
Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian
167
Apium graveolens L C srd
Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian
Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm
Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs
Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm
Carum carvi L CDFH m
Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr
Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr
Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs
Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh
Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv
Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs
Daucus carota L CDFH frd
Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian
Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m
Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian
Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss
Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic
Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)
Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms
Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs
Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh
Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh
Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh
Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f
Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh
P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh
Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs
Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f
Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz
Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f
Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh
Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd
168
Apocynaceae Juss
Vinca minor L bull C f
Aquifoliaceae Bartl
Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh
Araliaceae Juss
Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f
Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f
Aristolochiaceae Juss
Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic
Asclepiadaceae RBr
Periploca graeca L L AB f
Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian
Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs
Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)
Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f
Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf
Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh
Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs
Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs
Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m
Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r
Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian
Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian
Atinctoria L bull C r
Arctium lappa L BC ss
Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn
Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal
Aster alpinus L bull HJ m
Anovae-angliae L bull C ss
Anovi- belgii L bull C ss
Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm
Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd
Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf
Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss
Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f
C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f
169
Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd
Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd
Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv
Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r
Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh
Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf
Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm
Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic
Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic
Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd
Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs
Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh
Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic
Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m
Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m
Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m
Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian
Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m
Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al
C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal
Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic
Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs
Csetosa Hallfil C ssf
Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv
Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh
Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic
Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs
Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian
Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh
Euniflorus L bull H m
Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f
Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr
Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn
170
Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al
Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn
Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic
Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian
Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic
Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m
H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm
H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm
Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm
Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs
Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm
Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f
Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm
Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f
Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm
Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf
Inula britannica L bull C ss
Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh
Ihelenium L bull F fsh
Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic
Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm
Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm
Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian
Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f
Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh
Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd
Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm
Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum
Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr
O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr
sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh
Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f
Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv
Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh
Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic
171
Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian
Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m
Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm
Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r
Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s
Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs
Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs
Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh
Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s
Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd
Svulgaris L CDEF rd
Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh
Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f
Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd
Soleraceus L CDF rdal
Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian
S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic
S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian
Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian
Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m
Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv
Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian
Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs
Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd
Xstrumarium L CDF frd
Balsaminaceae ARich
Impatiens noli-tangere L H f
Berberidaceae Torz et Grey
Berberis vulgaris L yen H f
Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr
Betulaceae SF Gray
Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f
Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f
Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f
Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic
Boraginaceae Juss
172
Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f
Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs
Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm
Cofficinale L CDH bs
Echium vulgare L CDFH rd
echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m
Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd
Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs
Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal
Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr
Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic
Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd
Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic
Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh
Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic
Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum
(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian
Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian
Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian
S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian
Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh
Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms
Bplantaginea DC H m
Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd
Brassica campestris L CDFH al
Bunias orientalis L CDF m
Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd
Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh
Cimpatiens L CDFH f
Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f
Cparviflora L CD sssrd
Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f
173
Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss
Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f
Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms
Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd
Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f
Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f
Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r
Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r
Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd
Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv
Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian
Buxaceae Dumort
Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic
Campanulaceae Juss
Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f
C alpigena CKoch bull H bs
C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian
Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs
Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f
Clatifolia L bull H m
Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Cannabinaceae Endl
Humulus lupulus L bull CD f
Caprifoliaceae Juss
Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f
Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f
Caryophyllaceae Juss
Agrostemma githago L CDF al
Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh
Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd
Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms
Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv
Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal
Coreades Schischk bull H msh
Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh
Dianthus armeria L CDFH f
174
Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs
Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs
Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs
G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs
Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian
Herniaria glabra L bull H fr
Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm
Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh
Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr
Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian
Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh
Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr
Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm
Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms
Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs
Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m
Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm
Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm
Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr
Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs
Soxysepala Boiss C al
Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh
Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms
Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs
Suncinatus Schur H bs
Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf
Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm
Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r
Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs
Stellaria holostea L bull C fr
Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd
Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf
Capparaceae Juss
Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn
Celastraceae RBr
Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f
175
Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f
Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian
Chenopodiaceae Vent
Chenopodium album L CDFH al
Chbotrys L CD snrd
Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd
Convolvulaceae Juss
Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh
Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f
Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal
Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr
Cornaceae Dumort
Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)
Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f
Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f
Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic
Corylaceae Mirb
Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f
Corientalis Mill ђyen C f
Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f
Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f
Crassulaceae DC
Sedum annuum L H r
Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r
Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs
Shispanicum L C r
Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh
S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh
Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs
Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r
Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba
Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r
Cuscutaceae Dumort
Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f
Ceuropaea L CDFH ral
Datiscaceae Lindl
176
Datisca cannabina L bull C f
Dipsacaceae Juss
Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian
Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f
Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf
Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv
Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian
Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic
S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic
Ebenaceae Guerke
Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f
Elaeagnaceae Juss
Empetraceae SGray
Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh
Ericaceae Juss
Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht
ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm
Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh
Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh
Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Acalypha australis L CDF rd
Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf
Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m
Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian
Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm
Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic
Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian
Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf
Estricta L bull CDF rd
Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms
Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr
Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)
177
Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m
Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn
Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m
Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f
Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm
Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs
Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic
Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic
Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf
Aincertus Ledeb bull H r
Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian
Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian
Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m
Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf
Lhirsutus L CDF rdr
Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f
Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm
Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian
L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn
Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss
Langustifolius L C ss
Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn
Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian
O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian
Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh
Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs
Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs
Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm
Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f
Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs
Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr
Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf
Trifolium arvense L C rd
Tcanescens Willd bull H fm
Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f
178
Tmedium L bull CDFH f
T pratense L bull CDFH mfr
Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm
Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd
Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms
Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd
Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic
Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm
Vcassubica L bull H f
Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv
Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian
Vsepium L bull CDFH shf
Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn
Fagaceae Dumort
Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f
Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f
Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian
Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic
Fumariaceae DC
Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m
Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr
Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f
Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh
Gentianaceae Juss
Gentiana aquatica L H m
Gcruciata L bull CDFH m
Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m
Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian
Gseptemfida Pall bull H m
Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m
Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian
Geraniaceae Juss
Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd
Geranium columbinum L CD rd
Gdissectum L CD sh
Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm
179
Gibericum Cav bull H shm
Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs
Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm
Grobertianum L CDFH fsh
Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh
Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)
Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr
Hypericaceae Juss
Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf
Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian
Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf
Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf
Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian
Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs
Hmontanum L bull CDFH f
Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf
xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf
Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth
Juglans regia L yen CDF f
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f
Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)
Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm
Aorientalis L bull H m
Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh
(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh
Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f
Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss
Cmenthifolia Host bull C f
Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f
Cvulgare L bull CDFH f
Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f
Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd
Gladanum L CDFH rd
Glechoma hederacea L bull C f
Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r
Lamium album L bull CDFH f
180
Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms
Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s
Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m
Mpulegium L bull CDF s
Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f
Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf
Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m
Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m
Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm
Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f
Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr
Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian
Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f
Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m
Stachys annua (L) L C rd
Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f
Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm
Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f
Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic
Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian
Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian
Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian
Lauraceae Juss
Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh
Linaceae Dum
Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m
Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m
Loranthaceae Juss
Viscum album L ђ CDF f
Lythraceae St-Hil
Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs
Malvaceae Juss
Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian
Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd
Msylvestris L bull CDF rd
Moraceae Link
181
Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic
Morus alba L yen C f
Mnigra L yen C f
Oleaceae HoffmggampLink
Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f
Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f
Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas
ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian
Onagraceae Juss
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv
Circaea alpina L bull H srf
C lutetiana L bull CDFH f
Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m
Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr
Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs
Emontanum L bull CDFH f
Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s
Orobanchaceae Vent
Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m
Oraddeana G Bec bull H f
Oramosa L C al
Oxalidaceae RBr
Oxalis acetosella L bull H f
Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd
Paeoniaceae Rudolphi
Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic
Papaveraceae Juss
Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd
Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r
Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs
Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd
Parnassiaceae SFGray
Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm
Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f
Phytolaccaceae RBr
Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh
182
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r
Planceolata L bull CDFH mss
Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd
Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs
Polygalaceae RBr
Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr
Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian
Polygonaceae Juss
Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m
Charkev)
subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m
Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss
P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss
Paviculare L CDFH rdalf
Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal
Ralpestris Jacq bull H m
Ralpinus L bull H m
Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd
Primulaceae Vent
Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd
Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian
Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs
Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian
Avillosa L bull HJ bsr
Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian
Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh
Primula algida Adams bull HJ m
Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss
Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh
Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian
Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh
Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian
Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f
Pyrolaceae Dumort
Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh
183
Pminor L bull H fsh
Protundifolia L bull H f
Ranunculaceae Juss
Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm
Aorientale Mill bull H m
Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian
Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m
Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian
Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m
Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s
Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m
Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f
Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian
Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian
Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian
Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian
Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian
Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian
Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic
Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian
Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms
Rbulbosus L bull C m
R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian
Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian
Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f
Rchius DC C D rd
Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian
Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m
Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf
Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm
Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m
Rhamnaceae Juss
184
Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr
Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic
Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r
Rosaceae Juss
Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f
Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m
Adura Bus bull H bs
Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian
Aobtegens Juz bull H m
Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m
Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs
Asericea Willd bull H shbs
Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr
Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic
Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm
Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f
Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs
Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd
Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f
Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh
Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv
Gurbanum L bull CDF m
Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh
Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f
Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f
Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm
Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic
Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm
Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic
Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm
Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf
Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m
Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf
Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic
Precta L bull CD rdm
185
Preptans L bull CDF rdm
Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian
Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f
Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f
Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian
Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh
Rcanina L ђ CDF fr
Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr
Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm
Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf
R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian
Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh
Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh
Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr
Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f
Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic
Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr
Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic
Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh
Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm
Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh
Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian
Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic
Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic
Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian
Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f
Rubiaceae Juss
Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm
A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr
Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr
Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r
G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss
G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f
Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal
Salicaceae Mirb
186
Populus tremula L yen CDFH f
Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f
Sapoda Trautv ђ H f
Scaprea L yen CDFH f
Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian
Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic
Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh
S nigra L ђ CDFH f
Santalaceae RBr
Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh
Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh
Saxifragaceae Juss
Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r
S cymbalaria L CDF srf
Sexarata Vill bull HJ r
Smoschata Wul bull HJ r
S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian
Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr
Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs
Scrophulariaceae Juss
Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian
Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh
E pectinata Ten CDFH msh
E petiolaris Wettst H rbs
Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic
Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian
Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr
Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr
Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic
Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m
Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m
Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh
P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh
Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m
P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm
187
Rhinanthus minor L J m
Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m
Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh
Silwensis C Koch H shms
Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf
Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f
Snodosa L bull C frd
Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd
Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r
S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f
Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian
Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh
Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn
Vthapsus L CDF m
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s
Varmena Boiss bull H s
Vbeccabunga L bull H s
Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic
Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd
Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh
Vhederifolia L C ssr
Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian
Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm
Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f
Vpersica Poir CDFH rd
Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd
Simaroubaceae DC
Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f
Solanaceae Juss
Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian
Datura stramonium L CDF rd
Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd
Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd
Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss
Solanum nigrum L CDF alss
188
Staphyleaceae Lindl
Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f
Thymelaeaceae Juss
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm
D glomerata Lam ђ H shm
D mezereum L ђ H f
D pontica L ђ CDF f
Tiliaceae Juss
Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil
T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f
Ulmaceae Mirb
Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD
Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f
Urticaceae Juss
Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf
Vacciniaceae SFGray
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh
Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh
Vuliginosum L ђ H m
V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m
Valerianaceae Batsch
Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf
Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic
Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian
Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs
Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian
Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd
Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss
Verbenaceae J St-Hil
Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd
Viburnaceae Rafin
Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh
V opulus L ђ CDFH f
V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh
Violaceae Batsch
Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f
189
V arvensis Murr CDFH rd
V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh
V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic
V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m
V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr
V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian
MONOCOTILEDONEAE
Alliaceae JAgardh +
Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr
Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian
Arotundum L bull CDF frbs
A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr
A ursinum L bull C f
Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian
Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian
Araceae Juss
Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum
(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh
Commelinaceae RBr
Commelina communis L C ssal
Convallariaceae Horan
Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f
Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f
P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f
Cyperaceae Juss
Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh
Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m
Cdigitata L bull C ffr
Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss
Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh
Cleporina L bull CDFH sms
Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian
C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m
Cpendula Huds bull CD f
Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh
Cpontica Albov bull H m
190
Cremota L bull CDF f
Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s
Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f
Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn
Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms
Dioscoreaceae RBr
Tamus communis L bull C f
Hyacinthaceae Batsch
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic
Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic
Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf
Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic
Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm
Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic
Iridaceae Juss
Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m
Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m
Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic
Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf
Juncaceae Juss
Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m
Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s
J bufonius L CDFH s
Jeffusus L bull CDFH f
Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh
L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m
Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f
Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf
pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m
Liliaceae Juss
Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic
F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian
Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic
Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic
varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic
191
Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr
Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m
Melanthiacaea Batsch
Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)
SchueblampMartens] bull H m
Orchidaceae Juss
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh
Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f
Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f
Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf
Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm
Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms
D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh
invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m
Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh
Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh
Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f
Orchis pallens L bull H m
O picta Loisel bull H m
Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m
Poaceae Barnhart
Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd
Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f
Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal
Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m
Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh
Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s
Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch
Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs
flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh
Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m
Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata
(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs
Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m
192
B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m
Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh
Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss
Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s
Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal
Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal
Cechinatus L GH fmsh
Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh
Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms
Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn
Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn
Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal
Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss
Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss
Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s
Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr
Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh
F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh
Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr
Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh
Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m
Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh
Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s
Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian
Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m
Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh
Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss
Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm
Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus
europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f
Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m
Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic
Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian
Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m
193
Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f
Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian
Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal
Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs
Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr
Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m
Poa annua L bull H ms
Palpina L bull H m
P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr
Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf
Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr
Psupina Schrad H mms
Ptrivialis L bull C ms
Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)
Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides
(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr
Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f
Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf
Potamogetonaceae Dumort
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s
Pnatans L bull H s
Ruscaceae Hutch
Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh
R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh
Smilacaceae Vent
Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh
Trilliaceae Lindl
Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh
194
danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi
xe (yen)
buCqi (ђ)
xe an buCqi (yenђ)
liana (L)
gvimra (P)
erTwliani balaxovnebi ()
orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)
habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd
D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd
F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd
H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi
wmndash Warbteniani mdelo
sc ndash scree
m ndash mdelo
fm ndash tye- mdelo
fr ndash tye-klde
r ndash klde
sr ndash sveli kldeebi
bs-qva-RorRi
hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba
endemuroba
Caucasian-kavkasiis
Kolchic-kolxeTis
Georgian-saqarTvelos
Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis
Ajaraian- aWaris
195
danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi
შახეობა
ჩრდილის
ამტანი
სინათლის
მოყვარული
სითბოს
მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Juniperus pygmaea CKoch
ქონდარა ღვია + + +
Jsabina L
კაზაკური ღვია + + +
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი + + +
Taxus baccata L
უთხოვარი + + +
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი + + +
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე + + +
A trautveterii Medw
მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +
Rhus coriaria L
თუთუბო + + +
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი + + +
Berberis vulgaris L
კოწახური + + +
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +
196
Aincana (L) Moench
ნაცარა მურყანი + + +
Betula litwinowii Doluch
ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +
B medwedewii Regel
მედვედევის არყი + + +
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა + + +
Lonicera caprifolium L
ჯიქა + +
Ljaponica Thunb
იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +
L caucasica Pall
წერწა + + +
Euonymus europaea L
კიდობანა + + +
Elatifolia (L) Mill
ტაბლაყურა + + +
E leiophloea Stev
ჭანჭყატი + + + +
Swida australis (CAMey)
შინდანწლა + + +
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა + + +
Corientalis Mill
ჯაგრცხილა + + +
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა + + +
Rhododendron caucasicum Pall
დეკა + + +
Rluteum Sweet
იელი + +
+
Rponticum L + + +
197
პონტოური შქერი
Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze
სოხაძის შქერი + +
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი +
+
Robinia pseudacacia L
ცრუაკაცია + + +
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა + + +
Q pontica CKoch
პონტოური მუხა + + +
Ribes alpinum L
მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +
Hypericum androsaemum L
კრაზანა + + +
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე + + +
Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk
ლაფანი + + +
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი + + +
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +
Foxycarpa Willd
კავკასიური იფანი + + +
Ligustrum vulgare L
კვიდო + + +
198
L japonicum Thunb
იაპონური კვიდო
Clematis vitalba L
კატაბარდა + + +
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი + + +
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი + + +
Cerasus avum (L) Moench
ბალამწარა + + +
Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem
წყავი + + +
Mespilus germanica L
ზღმარტლი + + +
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი + + +
Pyracantha coccinea MRoem
ჩიტავაშლა + + +
Pyrus balansae Decne
ბერყენა + + +
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი + + +
Rosa boissieri Crep
ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +
Rcanina L
ასკილი + + +
Rcorymbifera Borkh
ასკილი
Rubus caucasicus Focke
კავკასიური მაყვალი + +
R woronowii (Surde) Surde
ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +
Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss
ჭნავი + + +
Spiraea japonica Lfil
იაპონური გრაკლა + + +
199
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
Salix alba L
წნორი + + +
Scaprea L
მდგნალი + +
S caucasica Anderss
ტირიფი + + +
Sambucus nigra L
დიდიგულა + + +
Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle
ხემყრალა + + +
Staphylea pinnata L
ჟონჯოლი + +
Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb
იალღუნი
Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed
ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +
Dmezereum L
მაჯაღვერი + + +
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი + + +
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა + + +
Uscarba Mill
თელამუში + + +
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი + + +
Vuliginosum L
ლურჯი მოცვი + + +
Viburnum lantana L + + +
200
უზანი
Vopulus L
ძახველი + +
+
Vitis vinifera L
ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა + +
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო + + +
Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)
ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +
Hpastuchowii Woronow
პასტუხოვის სურო + +
201
danarTi 3 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani
saxeobis reliqturoba
სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული
პერიოდის
Yყინულოვანი
პერიოდის
პოლტავის
ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Picea orientalis (L) Link
აღმოსავლური ნაძვი
+
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch
კოხის ფიჭვი
+
Acer campestre L
მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი
+
Alaetum CAMey
ქორაფი
+
Aplatanoides L
ლეკის ხე
+
Ilex colchica Pojark
კოლხური ჭყორი
+
Alnus barbata CAMey
ბუსუსიანი მურყანი
+
Buxus colchica Pojark
კოლხური ბზა
+
Elatifolia (L) Mill
თაბლაყურა
+
Carpinus betulus L
რცხილა
+
Corientalis Mill
ჟაგრცხილა
+
Corylus avellana L
ჩვეულებრივი თხილი
+
Diospyros lotus L
კავკასიური ხურმა
+
Rluteum Sweet +
202
იელი
Rponticum L
პონტოური შქერი
+
R ungernii Trautv
უნგერნის შქერი
+
Castanea sativa Mill
ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი
+
Fagus orientalis Lipsky
აღმოსავლური წიფელყ
+
Quercus hartwissiana Stev
ჰართვისის მუხა
+
Q imeretina Stevex Woronow
იმერული მუხა
+
Juglans regia L
კაკლის ხე
+
Ficus colchica Grossh
კოლხური ლეღვი
+
Fraxinus excelsior L
ჩვეულებრივი იფანი
+
Frangula alnus Mill
ხეჭრელი
+
Rhamnus imeretina Booth
ხეშავი
+
Prunus divaricata Ledeb
ტყემალი
+
P caucasica Fed
პანტა მსხალი
+
Populus tremula L
მთრთოლავი ვერხვი
+
Salix alba L
ჭნორი
+
Scaprea L
მდგნალი
+
Staphylea pinnata L
ჯონჯოლი
+
Dmezereum L +
203
მაჯაღვერი
Dpontica L
პონტოური მაჯაღვერი
+
Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev
ცაცხვი
+
Ulmus glabra Huds
თელა
+
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
ხემაგვარი მოცვი
+
Vmyrtillus L
მოცვი
+
Smilax excelsa L
კრიკინა
+
Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch
კოლხური სურო
+
- 204 -
danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia
sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება
ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)
ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812
ქორდიანები
ხერხემლიანები
mtiralas ep
kintriSis dt
1 2 3 4
რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +
რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი
ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი
Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +
ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი
Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +
ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი
Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +
Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +
Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +
Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +
Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +
რიგი Esociformes -
- 205 -
ოჯახი Esocidae -
Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +
ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +
ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +
რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +
Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +
კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები
რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი
Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +
Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +
რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები
ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +
Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +
ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი
Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +
ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +
ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +
კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები
ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი
Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +
Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +
ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +
Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +
- 206 -
Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja
1977) თურქული ხვლიკი
+
ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი
Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +
Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი
Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +
ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი
Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა
Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +
კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები
რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +
რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი
ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი
Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +
რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +
Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +
რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი
ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი
Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +
Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +
Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +
Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +
რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი
ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +
- 207 -
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +
Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +
Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +
Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +
Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +
Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოკარკაზი
+ +
ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი
Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +
Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +
Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +
Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +
ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +
რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი
ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +
Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +
ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი
Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +
რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი
- 208 -
ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი
Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +
ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი
Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია
Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია
Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +
ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +
რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი
ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი
Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +
რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი
ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +
რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი
ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი
Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +
Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +
Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +
Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +
რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი
ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +
რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი
Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +
რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი
ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +
ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +
- 209 -
რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი
ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი
Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +
რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი
ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი
Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +
Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg
1833) სირიული კოდალა
+
Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა
რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი
ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +
ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +
ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +
ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის
შაშვი
+ +
ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +
Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +
ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +
ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი
Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +
- 210 -
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +
ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი
Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +
Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +
ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +
ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი
Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +
Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი
მემატლია
+ +
Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +
ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +
ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი
Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +
Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +
Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +
ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი
Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +
Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +
ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +
ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი
Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +
Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +
Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +
ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +
- 211 -
ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +
Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი
ბოლოცეცხლა
+ +
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +
Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +
კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები
რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები
ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი
Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული
ზღარბი
+
ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი
Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +
Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +
ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი
Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +
Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +
რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები
ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი
Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა
Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე
Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +
Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი
ნატერერის მღამიობი
Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +
- 212 -
Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი
ნათუზიუსის ღამორი
+ +
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +
Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +
რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი
ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +
Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი
რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები
ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი
Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)
მემინდვრია
+
Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +
ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი
Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +
Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +
Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +
Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +
Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +
ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი
Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +
Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +
ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი
Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +
რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები
ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +
Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +
ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი
Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +
ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი
- 213 -
Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +
Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +
Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +
Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +
ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი
Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +
რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები
ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +
ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი
Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +
ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი
- 214 -
danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli
danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis
tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)
- 215 -
danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis
Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)