234

daviT merkvilaZe, papuna gabisonia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

arqanjelo lambertis `wminda kolxeTi~

winasityvaoba

ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis saqarTvelos Sua sauku-neebisa da wyaroTmcodneobis ganyofilebis mTavari mecnier-TanamSromlis, Cveni pativ-cemuli kolegis, aw gansvenebul Tamaz beraZis pirad arqivSi, romlis nawilic ojaxis mier gadmogveca, daxarisxebisas gadavawydiT saqaRaldes, romelSic aRmoCnda arqanje-lo lambertis `wminda kolxeTi~-s arasruli qarTuli Targmani. Targmani warmoadgens Tabaxis furclebze xeliT sabeWdi manqaniT dabeWdil teqsts. teqsti Tavnaklulia (iw-yeba 57 gverdidan). SigadaSig aseve aklia ramdenime gverdi. saqaRaldes garedan xeliT aweria `arqanjelo lamberti, wminda kolxeTi~. arsebuli saqaRalde ar Seicavs raime damatebiT cnobebs an minawerebs, saidanac SeiZleboda garkveuliyo, vis ekuTvnis teq-stis Targmani,1 an ra garemoebaSi da ra mizniT aRmoCnda igi b-n Tamaz beraZis xel-nawerTa Soris.

arqanjelo lamberti iyo TeatinelTa kaTolikuri ordenis wevri, neapoleli beri, romelic romis papis kuriis davalebiT da `propaganda fides~ organizebiT juzepe ju-diCe milanelTan erTad 1631 wels gamoemarTa saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri aRmsareblo-bis gavrcelebis mizniT. aq man mTlianobaSi 18-ode weliwadi dahyo. am misiiT igi jer Camovida qarTlSi da 12 maiss SeuerTda gorSi manamde dabinavebul misionerebs, safur-cleSi Sexvda mefe Teimuraz I-s. oriode wlis Semdeg gorSi kaTolike misionerebi una-xavT rostom-xanTan qorwinebis Taobaze SesaTanxmeblad gamogzavnil dadianis elCebs, romelTac Teatineli berebi TavianT samTavroSi miipatiJes samoRvaweod. nikoloz iru-baqiZe-ColayaSvilis (nikifore irbaxi) rCeviT arqanjelo lamberti da juzepe judiCe 1633 wlis 23 oqtombers maTTan erTad gaemgzavrnen samegreloSi, sadac odiSis gavle-niani mTavris, levan II dadianis (1611-1657 ww.) mfarvelobiT gaagrZeles TavianTi saqmia-noba. aRsaniSnavia, rom misionerTa am wyvils qarTvelTa Soris gansakuTrebuli pati-viscema moupovebia. `yvelasTan erTad gilocavT, rom samegreloSi gvyavs ori niWieri pirovneba, romelnic yvelasagan Zalian dafasebulni arian. eseni arian Cveni patrebi judiCe da lamberti~, _ kmayofilebiT atyobinebda vatikans saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri misionis prefeqti (xelmZRvaneli) pietro avitabile2.

lamberti gaxldaT am periodSi momxdari mravali mniSvnelovani ambis momswre da TviTmxilveli, urTierToba hqonda bevr istoriulad cnobil politikur figurasTan. samSobloSi dabrunebisas man qalaq neapolSi 1654 wels italiur enaze gamosca wigni `samegrelos aRwera~. es Txzuleba, romelic gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT, jer kidev XIX saukunis miwuruls qarTulad Targmna al. Wyoniam da es Targmani araerTxel gamoica kidec (pirvelad mkiTxvelma igi ixila 1900 wlis Jurnal `moambis~ nomrebSi, bolos daibeWda 2011 wels gamomcemloba `mTawminda~-s mier).

`wminda kolxeTi~ (“Colchide Sacra”) arqanjelo lambertis meore naSromia saqarTve-los Sesaxeb. Teatinelma misionerma igi gamosca aseve neapolSi odnav mogvianebiT, 1657 wels. masSi moTxrobilia saqarTveloSi gamogzavnili misionis 1631-1649 wlebis mTeli istoria: papis kuriis mier gadawyvetilebis miReba saqarTvelos teritoriaze misiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, misionerTa gamomgzavreba wm. miwisa da osmaleTis samflobeloebis gavliT, qarTlSi Semosvla da Teimuraz I-is nebarTviT q. gorSi moRvaweobis dawyeba, misionerTa axali jgufebis gamogzavna, am ukanasknelTa faTerakiani mogzaurobani osmaleTis imperiis miwaze, misionis gadatana dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aqauri yofa,

1 naSromi gadacemuli iyo dasabeWdad, rodesac SevityveT, rom `wminda kolxeTis~ Targmanze Tavis droze umuSavia italiurenovani wyaroebis cnobil mTargmnelsa da publikators, beJan giorgaZes. amitom Cvens xelT moxvedrili Targmani, didi albaTobiT, am aw gardacvlili mecnieris Sesrulebuli unda iyos.

2 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII saukune), Sesavali, Targmani da komentarebi beJan gi-orgaZisa (Tbilisi, 1977), gv. 80.

235

winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse moRvaweobis mTeli simZime, da bolos, xifaTiani mgzavroba ukan, samSoblosaken.

aqamde ucnobi iyo, saerTod Tu iTargmna `wminda kolxeTi~ qarTulad. cxadia, arc misi sruli an nawilobrivi publikacia arsebobs qarTul enaze (Tu ar CavTvliT m. Ta-maraSvilis moxmobil amonarids, moyvanils frangul enaze 1910 w. gamocemul naSromSi `qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde~, romlis qarTuli gamocemisaTvis iTargmna ita-liuridan)1 da es maSin, roca aq uamravi Zvirfasi cnobebi moipoveba qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis, osmaleTis, iranis, Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiis Sesaxeb. amdenad, qar-Tveli mkiTxvelisaTvis aqamde xelmiuwvdomeli lambertis es naSromi sagulisxmo sais-torio wyaros warmoadgens XVII saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelosa da axlo aR-mosavleTis socialuri, politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli istoriisaTvis.

gamosacemad momzadebisas qarTuli Targmanis arsebulma teqstma moiTxova garkve-uli damuSaveba. ase magaliTad, Targmani saWiroebda stilistur gamarTvas, orTogra-fiul Sesworebas; uzustobebi SeiniSneboda zogierTi italieli misioneris saxelis wakiTxvaSic. teqsts aseve davurTeT SeniSvnebi da ganmartebebi. vinaidan jer-jerobiT xeli ar migviwvda naSromis italiur dedanze, amitom ar mogveca SesaZlebloba Tar-gmanis italiur originalTan Sedarebisa da teqstis Semdgomi dazustebisa. am garemo-ebis gamo, rasakvirvelia, dazRveuli ar varT TargmanSi gaparuli raime xarvezebisagan, ris gamoc mkiTxvels winaswar vuxdiT bodiSs.

Cven bevri vifiqreT, Rirda Tu ara am uaRresad saintereso naSromis mocemuli saxiT gamoqveyneba. magram amasTanave gaviTvaliswineT ra aRniSnul wyarosadmi gansa-kuTrebuli interesi sazogadoebisa da miT ufro specialistebis mxridan, gadavwyvi-teT, samecniero sazogadoebas SevTavazoT arqanjelo lambertis `wminda kolxeTi~-s Tamaz beraZis arqivSi aRmoCenili qarTuli Targmanis variantis erTi nawili zemonax-senebi mcireodeni redaqciuli SesworebebiT. amjerad es gaxlavT am naSromis meore na-wili, romelic moicavs XXVI-XXXVIII Tavebs da romelSic lamberti ZiriTadad aRwers Tavis samegreloSi moRvaweobis xanas italiaSi gabrunebis CaTvliT. am monakveTis Ser-Ceva gamosaqveyneblad im garemoebamac ganapiroba, rom is ar aris furcelnakluli da sruladaa Semonaxuli. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom m. TamaraSvilis mier amonari-dis saxiT moxmobili zemonaxsenebi epizodi (alaverdeli episkoposis Sesaxeb), rome-lic logikurad Cvens mier gamosacemad gamzadebul nawilSi moiazreba, aRniSnul Tar-gmanSi ar aRmoCnda. rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom teqstSi zogan arsebuli samwertili SeiZ-leba mTargmnelis iyos da gamotovebul monakveTebze migvaniSnebdes.

momavalSi, rodesac movipovebT am kaTolike misioneris mier Seqmnil saintereso naSromis italiur dedans da aRvadgenT Cvens xelT arsebuli teqstis gamotovebul ad-gilebs, ganzraxuli gvaqvs, aRniSnuli wyaros qarTuli Targmani sruli saxiT mivawo-doT dainteresebul mkiTxvels.

`wminda kolxeTi~

Tavi XXVI. elCebis wasvlis Semdeg mTavarma2 zugdidSi wasvla gadawyvita. gaiTvaliswina Cve-

ni daRlilobac da isurva, rom Cvenc dagvesvena. man gagvagzavna erT adgilas, romel-sac korcxeli3 erqva. igi erT koxta gorakze mdebareobs. am maRlobidan kargad Cans odiSis didi nawili da zRva. aq dedofals qveyanaSi erT-erTi mSvenieri eklesia auSenebia. radgan mas sjeroda, rom Cveni RvTismsaxureba qarTulisagan gansxvavebuli ar iyo, gadawyvetili hqonda, es eklesia CvenTvis gadmoeca. man aq dagvtova da iq mcxovreb yvela glexs ubrZana, CvenTvis rigrigobiT saWmeli moerTmiaT, rogorc di-liT, ise saRamos.

simarTles vityvi, ufali Cvendami yovelTvis did siyvaruls iCenda. samefo karTan erTad aseT xangrZliv mogzaurobaSi Zalian daviqanceT. Cven saSualeba mogvces, ramde-

1 m. TamaraSvili, qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, redaqcia gaukeTes, winasityva daurTes da gamosa-cemad moamzades z. aleqsiZem da j. odiSelma (Tbilisi, 1995), gv. 610.

2 igulisxmeba odiSis mTavari levan II dadiani (1611-1657 ww.). 3 sofeli zugdidis municipalitetSi. gauSenebia levan II dadians.

236

nadme aRgvedgina janmrTeloba. rac saqarTveloSi vcxovrobT, aqamde amis SesaZleb-loba ar gvqonia.

CvenTvis pirveli saqme sakurTxevlis aRdgena iyo. wirvas yoveldRe vasrulebdiT wminda msxverplis SewirviT. sxva araferi safiqrebeli ar gvqonda. SerCeuli saWmeli saxlSi Tavis droze mohqondaT. adgili lamazi da myudro iyo. aravin gvawuxebda, rad-gan am qveyanaSi aravin ar gvicnobda, Cven Zalian Soreuli qveynidan viyaviT. roca locvebs movrCebodiT, sxva saqmianobas veweodiT. ase, magaliTad, _ xelovnuri yvavile-bis damzadebas. aseTi ramdenime ukve gakeTebuli gvqonda. gadavwyviteT, nawili dadi-anisTvis migverTmia, nawili ki dedoflisTvis1. isini axal wels gavugzavneT.

axali weli aq didi dResaswaulobiT izeimes. am dros mindvrebi TovliT iyo da-faruli da araTu yvavilebi, foTlebic arsad Canda. roca msaxurma Cveni saxeliT mTa-vars yvavilebi miarTva, igi gaocebuli darCa. pirvelad isini bunebrivi egona, vinaidan arasodes unaxavs msgavsi ram am mxareSi. magram, rodesac xeli Seaxo, maSin mixvda, rom bunebrivi ki ara, xelovnuri iyo. mTavarma brZana, rom Cven kargad migvibaZavs bunebi-saTvis, Zalian kargad gagvikeTebia isini. mas ubrZanebia msaxurisaTvis: gadaeci Cemgan mamebs, rom sixaruliT miviRe maTi saCuqari da verafer ukeTess isini me ver momcem-dnen; me oqro da vercxli, agreTve Zvirfasi qvebi bevri maqvs, da aseTi ram rom moeta-naT CemTvis, ise ar CavuTvlidi, rogorc axla es yvavilebi miviRe. maTgan didad var davalebulio.

am yvavilebis gvirgvini man Tavze daidga da ase Semkulma mTeli dRe cxeniT iseirna. msgavsi saCuqari dedofalsac mivarTviT. amis Semdeg mTavarma brZana, CvenTvis didi Rori eCuqebinaT, xolo dedofalma iremi gamogvigzavna, romlis xorci karga xans gveyo.

ori Tvis Semdeg dadiani zugdididan dabrunda da isev Tavis karze migviwvia. rad-gan cxenebi aRar gvyavda, iZulebuli gavxdiT, TovlSi fexiT wavsuliyaviT. am dReebSi didi Tovli movida. zeimis ukanaskneli dReebi iyo, roca mTavars wesad hqonda irmebze nadiroba. Cveulebriv, nadirobaze mTavari did Tavadebs patiJebs xolme. man isurva, rom nadirobas Cvenc davswrebodiT.

marTalia, aseTi sanaxaoba Seuferebelia CvenTvis _ berebisa da misionerebisaTvis, _ Cven mainc gadavwyviteT, wavsuliyaviT, raTa mTavrisaTvis gvesiamovnebina. mivediT er-Ti didi mdinaris napirze, romelic xSiri buCqnariT iyo dafaruli. gavCerdiT iq, sa-dac dedofali idga Tavisi sefe-qalebiT. mdinaris xmaurisa da ZaRlebis yefis Semdeg Cvens Tvalwin irmebis didi jogi gamoCnda, 200-mde iremi iqneboda. ZaRlebis SiSiT yvela erTad iyo Sejgufebuli. monadireebi yvelas amoxocvas ar apirebdnen, mxolod ramdenimes mokvla surdaT gasarTobad. nadiroba maTTvis yvelaze didi garTobaa. Cven sxva drosac migviwvies nadirobaze, magram bodiSi movuxadeT da ganvucxadeT, rom es sanaxaoba CvenTvis, rogorc berebisaTvis, Seuferebelia, radgan Cven RvTismsaxurni varT da ara amqveyniuri cxovrebis drois matarebelni. da Tu pirvel jerze wavediT, es ufro imis gamo, rom mTavris brZaneba Segvesrulebina, vidre gavrTobiliyaviT. mag-ram mTavars ar moewona Cveni pasuxi da brZana: gana kacma nadiroba unda SeiZulos, radgan beria? gana berisaTvis ar aris daSvebuli patiosani da kanonieri garToba, ise-Ti, romelic RvTis Seuracxmyofeli ar aris? ratom unda moakldes amas beri? Cems episkoposebs Soris bevri beria, magram isini aramarto xalisiT midian nadirobis sana-xavad, aramed Tavadac mSvild-isriT SeiaraRebulni nadirobeno. amaze Cven vupasuxeT: Cven ar gvaqvs ufleba, gavakritikoT Tqveni episkoposebis saqcieli, Cven mxolod Cveni saxelmwifosa da [xalxis] zne-Cveulebebs gacnobTo.

mTavari Zalze ganacvifra Cvenma pasuxma da, rogorc ambobdnen, am sakiTxebze igi xSirad msjelobda Tavis episkoposebTan da berebTan. gadaWarbebulad rom eCvenebina Cveni saqcieli, xandaxan tyuilebsac urevda. ase, magaliTad, pirvelad man ganacxada, TiTqos Cven gveTqvas, rom berebi did danaSauls sCadian, roca nadirobas uyurebeno. erTxel, TiTqos, mTavarma mnaxa Tvalebze xelafarebuli, rom ar damenaxa, rogor dai-Wira Sevardenma yanCa. es marTali ar iyo, radgan me mTavarTan erTad kargad vuyure, rogor gauSva man Sevardeni yanCis dasaWerad da Zalian kmayofilic davrCi.

1 igulisxmeba levan II-is meore coli nestan-darejani, WilaZis asuli, romelic pirvel meuRlesTan, Ser-vaSiZis asulTan gayris Semdeg levanma waarTva Tavis biZas, giorgi lipartians. am ambebis Sesaxeb lam-berti dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs Tavis naSromSi `samegrelos aRwera~ (Tbilisi, 2011), gv. 37-39.

237

mTavris samefo karze cxovrebis dros Cveni moTminebis fiala aivso. sastumro, ro-melsac mTavari Cveulebriv mogviCenda xolme, xisa iyo da isliT daxuruli. aq cxovrebas ara uSavda, Tu mas kari gaaCnda, magram xSirad is sanaxevrod gadaxuruli da ukaro iyo. roca SeSa SemoakldebodaT, aqauri mcxovrebni pirvel rigSi karebs swvavdnen xolme. Tu Rame moTovda an iwvimebda, an qari amovardeboda, _ qari Tovls saxlSi Semoitanda. ase, rom, diliT sabani da yvelaferi TovliT iyo gadaTeTrebuli an wvimiT dasvelebuli.

ufro Zneli iyo is, rom cxenebic CvenTan erTad unda yofiliyvnen. cxeni, Svriis mudmivi ukmarisobis gamo, rac samefo karze igrZnoboda, patrons Tavis SimSilis Se-saxeb miwaze fexebis bakuniT an WixviniT agebinebda, rac am ukanasknels simSvidesa da mosvenebas urRvevda.

sursaTis raodenoba, romelsac samefo karze stumrebisTvis gamohyofdnen, bevri iyo. magram momsaxure personalis sixarbis gamo an mTlianad qreboda, an Zalian dag-vianebiT da cudi xarisxisas gvaZlevdnen. maT icodnen berebis Tavmdablobis Sesaxeb da amiT sargeblobdnen.

TiTqmis yovel saRamos mTavari TavisTan vaxSmad gvpatiJobda. nadirobidan dabrunebuli mTavari oTx an xuT saaTamde isvenebda, saRamos ki Cven gvixmobda savaxSmod. kvaris an erTi Sekvra Calis Suqze Tovlsa da yinulSi unda gvevlo. kvari Sua gzaze ileoda da xSir Sem-TxvevaSi talaxSi Cavardna gveloda. vaxSami mTavarTan mamlis yivilamde grZeldeboda.

samefo karze Cveni yofnis dros mTavars Seatyobines, rom misi qaliSvilis1 mdgo-mareoba, romelsac somexi eqimi mkurnalobda, Zalze gauaresda. mTavarma Cven gvTxova misi mkurnaloba da Cven Tavis qaliSvilTan erTad walenjixis saepiskoposoSi gag-vgzavna. Cveni Tavi am mxaris episkoposs Caabara...

am mxaris episkoposi iyo qarTvel keTilSobilTa wridan, romelic gasuli areu-lobis dros qarTlidan gamoiqca da dadianis samTavros Seafara Tavi2. dadianma mas es saepiskoposo Caabara. man Cven didi gulmowyalebiT migviRo. garegnulad is qris-tianuli mowyalebiT aRsavsed gamoiyureboda, magram sinamdvileSi igi ar aRmoCnda ise-Ti, rogoradac Tavs gvaCvenebda. mas surda, rogorc saRamos, ise dilas mis magidasTan vyofiliyaviT, raTa pativi da siyvaruli daemtkicebina CvenTvis. yovelTvis RvTiur sakiTxebze gvesaubreboda da Tavs Rrma morwmuned da wmindanad gvaCvenebda. xSirad gvekiTxeboda Cveni qveynis, gansakuTrebiT papisa da misi karis Sesaxeb. Cven yovelTvis amomwurav pasuxs vaZlevdiT, rogorc misionerebs SeeferebodaT.

magram, rogorc biwier bunebas sCvevia – didi xelovnebiTa da gaiZverobiT cdi-lobs damalvas, magram bolos mainc aSkaravdeba, _ igi erTxel Tavis erT codvaSi ga-mogvityda: erT mis mRvdels cotaodeni fuli uSovnia. man gadawyvita am fulis xelSi Cagdeba. erT dilas, roca SeniSna, rom zemoaRniSnuli beri droze ar gamocxadda locvaze, is daamwyvdevina, Tan rkinis mZime jaWvi daadebina misTvis, im braldebiT, rom naklebad RvTismosavi iyo. amiT mas undoda, eiZulebina beri, fuli misTvis mieca. beri uaryofda, rom fuli hqonda. episkoposma beri manam ar gaanTavisufla, sanam mTe-li fuli ar wascincla. Semdeg ki udanaSaulod scno da gauSva.

am ambis gagebiT masze kargi Sexeduleba mTlianad gagvifuWda. amas sxvac daemata da mas Cvens TvalSi sabolood gautyda saxeli. am saqmeSi Cvenc viyaviT gareuli. saqme SemdegSi iyo: roca mTavarma Tavis qaliSvilTan erTad gagvgzavna, Cven bargis waReba ver movaxerxeT, da is, or Turqul mafraSaSi gaxveuli, mTavris mekuWnaves davutoveT.

episkoposma masTan misvlisas SeniSna, rom Tan bargi ar gvqonda. igi dainteresda amiT da Cven avuxseniT bargis adgilsamyofeli. man TiTqos Segvicoda amis gamo da sas-wrafod gagzavna msaxurebi bargis mosatanad. me gavgzavni Cems xalxso, _ gviTxra man, _ romlebic TavianTi mxrebiT mozidaven yvelafers. Cvenc xalisiT davTanxmdiT, radgan wminda wirvis Casatareblad saWiro mowyobiloba gveqneboda. marTlac, meore dRes Cve-ni nivTebi ukve mis saxlSi iyo. Cven am dros episkoposTan viyaviT. roca bargis Camotanis ambavi gaigo, man Tavi ver Seikava sixarulisgan, mogvitrialda da gviTxra: `aha, Cemo

1 igulisxmeba levan dadianis asuli guli, romelic juzepe judiCes gadmocemiT kuti dabadebula da pat-rebs TiTqmis ganukurnavT, Tumca male gardacvlila (don juzepe judiCe milaneli, werilebi saqar-Tveloze, italiuridan Targmna, winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo b. giorgaZem (Tbilisi, 1964), gv. 83).

2 unda igulisxmebodes alaverdeli episkoposi mitrofane (1628-1633 ww.), romelic Teimuraz I-s gahyva da-savleT saqarTveloSi da levan II-m daniSna axladdaarsebul walenjixis saepiskoposos mRvdelmTavrad (ix. p. gabisonia, walenjixis monastris istoriidan, saqarTvelos Sua saukuneebis istoriis sakiTxebi, IX (Tbilisi, 2008), gv. 32).

238

mamebo, ukve Cems saxlSia Tqveni bargi. wadiT, mixedeT Tqvens bargs da dawynardiT~. Cven ver mivxvdiT, ratom gauxarda mas ase Cveni bargis motana. es Cven gavigeT erTi aznaurisagan, romelic nawyeni iyo episkoposze. man gviTxra: icodeT, Cemo mamebo, rom es episkoposi, romelic TvalTmaqci sityvebiT geferebaT, didi gaiZvera vinmea. mas egona, rom Tqvens bargSi didZal oqro-vercxlsa da Zvirfas qvebs aRmoaCenda. amis gamo igi yvela xerxs iyenebda Tqvens mosaspobad da Tqveni bargis xelSi Casagdebad. magram SeeSinda mTavris, romelic Tqven mfarvelobas giwevdaT. man ver gabeda Tqveni mokvla. samagierod, yvelafers akeTebda TqvenTvis saxelis gasatexad. man Tqvenze bevri sicrue moigona. roca Tqven mis saxlSi iyaviT, is gakvirdebodaT, cdilobda, TqvenSi gaiZveroba, matyuaroba da yaCaRoba aRmoeCina. igi givrcelebdaT xmas, rom Tqven xalxSi maT mosatyueblad dadi-xarT, da is wamlebi, romlebiTac mTavris qaliSvils mkurnalobT, ki ar arCens mas, ara-med mdgomareobis gauaresebas iwvevs. amasTan igi irwmuneboda, rom Tu avadmyofi Tqvengan ar daixsnes, mas sikvdili ar ascdebao. marTalia, mTavari ar icnobda episkoposis bu-nebas, magram kargad iyo informirebuli mkurnalobis Taobaze, yovelTvis gendobodaT Tqven da arasodes ahyolia episkoposis tyuilebso. mas, radac unda dasjdomoda, undoda Tqveni gaZeveba qveynidan, an Tqveni mokvla. radgan Tqvens sikeTes vicnob, imitom mogax-seneT yvelaferi, rom amieridan gafrTxildeT da mas ar endoTo.

...mas Semdeg, rac episkoposi darwmunda, rom Cvens bargSi araferi iyo, garda wirvis-Tvis gankuTvnili nivTebisa, Cveni ZonZeulobisa da ramdenime wignisa, Sewyvita Cveni devna.

amasobaSi mTavris qaliSvili imdenad gamomjobinda, rom daiwyo loginidan wamodgoma da siaruli, rac aqamde ar ucdia. Cven mas iseT wamlebs vaZlevdiT, romelTa Sesaxeb wig-nebSi vkiTxulobdiT. moxda yvelasaTvis gasaocari ram: igi yvelgan Tavisuflad dadioda.

roca am ambavma mTavris yuramde miaRwia, man gadawyvita, Tavad darwmunebuliyo mis sisworeSi. mTavarma saswrafod gagvanTavisufla episkoposis meurveobisagan da qa-liSvilTan erTad Tavis erT-erT sasaxleSi, wamxarSi1 gadagviyvana. qaliSvils kidev sWirdeboda mkurnaloba erT mklavze da metyvelebis gasaumjobeseblad.

am sasaxleSi gadayvanis Semdeg mTavari gaemarTa afxazeTis sazRvrebisaken maTgan yovelwliuri xarkis misaRebad. es xarki iyo sanadiro ZaRlebi da Sevardnebi. dedo-fali odiSSi darCa sefe-qalebTan erTad, romlebic urCevdnen, qaliSvili axla maT-Tvis mieca sruli gankurnebisaTvis. dedofals Tan sefe-qalebis wamlis gamocda sur-da, Tan Cveni moSorebac undoda Tavidan. amitom, roca wm. petre-pavlobis marxva dadga (iwyeba naTlisRebidan2 da Tavdeba am mociqulTa dRiT), SemogviTvala, rom marxvis pir-vel kviraSi Segvewyvita qaliSvilisTvis malamos wasma, radgan mis SemadgenlobaSi sxva-dasxva cxovelis qoni eria. es RvTis risxvas gamoiwvevs Cemi qaliSvilis mimarTo, ityo-bineboda dedofali, da janmrTelobis dabrunebis magivrad sicocxles waarTmevso.

Cven vecadeT, dagverwmunebina dedofali, rom codva araa malamos wasma, aramed – am cxovelebis qonis Wama. Tan davsZendiT, rom RmerTi Cvens mimarT imdenad keTilad aris ganwyobili, rom igi, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, qonis wasmas da mis Wamasac codvad ar miiCnevs. magram yvelaferi amao gamodga. dedofali ise iyo darwmunebuli sefe-qale-bis mier, rom mtkiced idga Tavis naTqvamze. Cven iZulebuli gavxdiT, Segvewyvita qa-liSvilis mkurnaloba. dedofalma is qalebs gadasca, romelTa wamali loginis Tavze damagrebuli xaris Tavis qala, Selocva da danayili balax-bulaxi iyo. am qalebis ja-dosnobiT mTavris asulis mdgomareoba imdenad gauaresda, rom male sicocxles gamoe-salma. mTavari ramdenadac CveniT kmayofili iyo, imdenad ukmayofilo iyo sakuTari coliT, romelmac Cveni namkurnalevi bavSvi im qalebs gadasca.

Tavi XXVII. 1634 weli idga, roca mTavarma dadianma yvelaferi iRona Tavisi dis3 rostom xani-

saTvis4 misaTxoveblad. am saqmes sxva araferi aklda, garda imisa, rom sacole qar-

1 dRevandel sof. Tagilonis (galis r-ni) ubani. 2 aq raRac Secdomaa. petre-pavlobis marxva iwyeba sulTmofenobidan erTi kviris Semdeg. 3 igulisxmeba odiSis mTavris manuCar dadianis asuli da levan II-is naxevarda mariami. gaTxovili iyo mamia gurielis Ze simonze. levan II-m mariami mas adreve waarTva, 1634 wels ki miaTxova qarTlis mefe rostom-xans.

4 rostom xani, igive xosro mirza, anu qaixosro batoniSvili, daviT XI-s Ze. aRizarda iranSi Sahis karze. Sah-abas I-ma igi Tavis gvardiis sardlad (yularaRasad) daniSna, Semdeg ispahanis mouravad. bolos gamo-agzavna saqarTveloSi da 1633-1658 wlebSi iyo qarTlis mefe (gurjistanis vali).

239

TlSi misi saqmrosaTvis gaegzavna. man imereTis mefes1, romlis samefoc samegrelosa da qarTls Soris mdebareobda, sTxova, gaetarebina misi da qarTlSi wasasvlelad. ime-reTis mefem Teimurazis2 STagonebiT amaze uariT upasuxa. dadianma gadawyvita, iaraRiT gaekafa gza, Sekriba uZlieresi laSqari da imereTis sazRvars miadga, Tan rostom mefis sacole mihyavda. imereTis mefemac Tavis jars mouyara Tavi da iqve, sazRvarze, mis mowina-aRmdege mxares dabanakda. maT Soris erTi mindori rCeboda. Tavdapirvelad saqmes mSvido-biani piri uCanda, radgan pirispir mdgom or jars Soris didxans araviTari Setakeba ar momxdara. mowinaaRmdegenic, odiSis mTavari da imereTis mefe, erTmaneTs megobrulad eq-ceodnen. es imas niSnavda, rom maT Soris unda dadebuliyo sasurveli samSvidobo SeTan-xmeba rostomis sacolis Tavisuflad gatarebis Sesaxeb. bevrs egona, rom imerlebi moC-venebiT megobrobas iCendnen, xolo megrelebi jer kargad gaerTobodnen TavianT karvebSi da Semdeg moulodnelad daesxmebodnen Tavs imereTis jars. asec moxda.

erT dRes dadiani Tavis karavTan idga da didebulebTan musaifobda. Semdeg man brZana, sadili moerTmiaT. am dros Sors, erT gorakze gamoCnda ormocdaaTamde cxeno-sani, yvela SeiaraRebuli, saomrad momzadebuli, SubiT xelSi. dadianma ikiTxa _ vin ariano isini, misi xalxia Tu mowinaaRmdegeTa jaridan ariano. siSoris gamo ver gaar-kvies droSis feri: TeTri iyo, samegrelosi, Tu wiTeli _ imerlebisa. dadianma mzvera-vebi gaagzavna, raTa gaegoT, xom ar iyo raime moZraoba mowinaaRmdegis mxares. mzvera-vebma ambavi moitanes _ gorakidan kargad Cans mowinaaRmdegis mTeli jari, Seiara-Rebuli da sabrZolo mwkrivebad dawyobilio.

am cnobis miRebisTanave dadianma brZana, saswrafod momzadebuliyvnen saomrad. is pirveli moaxta cxens da mcire amaliT saCqarod gaeSura im droSisa da daSvebuli Su-bebis Sesaxvedrad, romlebic man dainaxa. igi SeiWra maT rigebSi, nawili daxoca da nawili tyved igdo. tyveTa Soris iyo erTi mxedari, romelic, rogorc ki muzaradi moixada, maSinve icnes. es iyo imereTis mefe giorgi, aleqsandre batoniSvilis3 mama. man xmamaRla SehRaRada: RmerTia mowame, me aq sabrZolvelad ki ar movdiodi, aramed da-dianTan mosalaparakeblad, romelmac Cems mimarT araviTari ndoba ar gamoiCina, piri-qiT, mTeli jari saomrad daZrao. imerlebma TavianTi mefis tyved Cavardna rom gaiges, mcire winaaRmdegobis Semdeg ukuiqcnen, bevri tyved Cavarda4.

amrigad, dadianma gza gaxsna da rostom mefes gaugzavna sacole didebulebisa da sasuliero pirTa amaliT, romelTa Soris iyo sasuliero pirTa Soris wmindanad aRiarebuli Semoqmedeli episkoposi5. man Tavis Tavze ido sapatarZlos wayvana.

malaqias6 sikvdilis Semdeg patriarqi Semoqmedeli episkoposi unda gamxdariyo. misi adgili Semosavlianic iyo. man Tbilisamde miacila sapatarZlo, Semdeg gorSi Camovida, sadac Cveni cxovrebis wesebi Seiswavla. igi kargad gvakvirdeboda da imdenad Segviyvara, rom mama don pietros7 sTxova, mieca misTvis ori misioneri guriaSi wasayvanad. don pi-etros swored es undoda da swrafad ausrula survili. man guriaSi gasagzavnad aarCia don antonio jardino, don qristeforo kasteli da morCili Zma klaudio.

episkoposma didi saunje SeiZina maTi saxiT. guriaSi man mamebs sacxovreblad erTi saukeTeso saxli da patara xis eklesia miuCina, romelic Tavisi xarjiT hqonda

1 igulisxmeba imereTis mefe giorgi III (1604-1639 ww.). 2 Teimuraz I, kaxeTis mefe, daviT I-isa da qeTevan dedoflis Ze. kaxeTTan erTad qarTlis mefe iyo 1625-1632 wlebSi. didi SemarTebiT ebrZoda rostoms, magram damarcxda.

3 imereTis mefis giorgi III-is Ze, Semdgom imereTis mefe aleqsandre III (1639-1660 ww.). 4 aq aRwerilia brZola kakasxidTan, baRdaTis siaxloves, roca imereTis mefe giorgi III tyved Cauvarda levan II-s da didi safasuris fasad iqna gamosyiduli (ix. batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqar-Tvelosa, qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiS-vilis mier (Tbilisi, 1973), gv. 905). brZolis TariRad ufro sarwmunoa, 1634 w. miviCnioT (m. rexviaSvili, imereTis samefo (1462-1810) (Tbilisi, 1989), gv. 93).

5 am xanebSi Semoqmedeli episkoposi iyo maqsime maWutaZe. misi mfarvelobiT sargeblobdnen guriaSi moR-vawe misionerebi. 1639-1657 wlebSi igi iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqic.

6 malaqia II, dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi 1616-1639 wlebSi, guriis mTavris, giorgi II guri-elis Ze. iTavsebda caiS-jumaTel-xonelobasac. mas Semdeg, rac levan II-m 1625 w. simoni daamarcxa, mas gu-rieloba CamoarTva da gadasca misive biZas, kaTalikos malaqias, romelic amis Semdeg imavdroulad gu-riaSi mTavrobda gardacvalebamde, 1639 wlamde.

7 patri pietro avitabile _ Teatineli beri, kaTolikeTa misionis prefeqti (xelmZRvaneli) saqarTveloSi. igi meore Teatinel berTan, jakomo stefanisTan erTad 1628 w. Camovida gorSi (romelic maSin mefis re-zidencias warmoadgenda) da Teimuraz I-s papis werili gadasca. am droidan amoqmedda TeatinelTa misio-ni qarTlSi.

240

aSenebuli. mamebs aq wirva unda SeesrulebinaT. mamebma eklesia Sesabamisad morTes. ep-iskoposma misionerebs mosamsaxureebi gamouyo da yoveldRiurad Sesaferisi sanovagec dauniSna.

erTxans ase cxovrobdnen. Semdeg, roca isini guriaSi kargad gaicnes, mTavarma da patriarqma malaqiam isini Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS aiyvana. 1636 wels isini ozurgeTSi gadaiyvanes, sasaxlesTan axlos. aq ukeTesi pirobebi hqondaT. saxlTan erTad umSve-nieresi baRic misces. patriarq-mTavris aseTma damokidebulebam didi Suri aRZra Cvens mter berZnebSi. didi xani ar iyo gasuli, rodesac maT lamaz saxls cecxli waukides. saxlTan erTad daiwva maTi Raribuli tansacmelic. xanZris dros antonio iq ar iyo, xolo kastelim Tavs fanjridan gadaxtomiT uSvela. uflis wyalobiT is arc daSave-bula. yvelam did saswaulad CaTvala is, rom patara xis eklesias arcerTi mxridan ar Seexo cecxli. saxli iwvoda da cecxlis alma pativi sca eklesias, romelSic Cven wminda wirva unda Segvesrulebina. saocrebas saocreba daemata: daiwva eklesiasTan darguli kaklis xe. eklesia ki, romelic xesa da saxls Soris idga, gadarCa. kaklis xe amwvanebuli iyo da Sors idga, SeeZlo ufro gaeZlo cecxlisTvis, vidre cecxlTan ax-los mdgom mSrali xis eklesias.

amasobaSi, 1634 wels, gorSi misionerTa mTavar rezidenciaSi Wiri gaCnda, ro-melmac ramdenime misioneri Seiwira, maT Soris karafac1.

Tavi XXVIII. karafas sikvdilma don pietro metad daamwuxra. man Tavisi misionis erT-erTi aq-

tiuri wevri dakarga. Wirma don pietros xelqveiTTaA raodenoba Seamcira. mas axlo me-gobaric aravin darCa, garda don justo pratosi. amitom don pietrom gadawyvita, er-Txel kidev gasdgomoda aleposken mimaval gzas. es qalaqi italiasTan ufro axlos iyo da aqedan iolad SeiZleboda romSi werilis gagzavnac da fuladi daxmarebis mi-Rebac. saqarTvelos misionis gasaZliereblad wm. kongregacia fidem2 rva misioneri ga-mogzavna. eseni iyvnen: don antonio korero, vinCenco jilberti umcrosi, don fran-Cesko maria majo, morCili Zma bonaventura bovio, morCili Zma emanuele d’arena, mor-Cili Zma franCesko pistoia da sami morCili Zma eriskacebidan.

isini or jgufad dahyves, radgan amdeni xalxis erTad gagzavna saSiSi iyo. amas garda, SemdgomSi SeiZleboda sxva misionerebis gagzavna, rogorc qarTlSi, ise sameg-reloSi.

korero, jilberti, veriCeli da ori morCili Zma _ bovio da pistoia konstantine-polisaken gaemgzavrnen. aqedan isini samegreloSi unda Casuliyvnen. danarCeni sami _ galano, majo da emanuele _ alepos gziT qarTlSi gaemgzavrnen. isini qalaq alepoSi3 mama don pietros Sexvdnen. aqedan yvelani jer arzerumSi4 gaemgzavrnen, xolo Semdeg gorSi5.

mamebma gzaSi didi tanjva-wvaleba gadaitanes. mZime zamTari iyo. xSirad Tovda da RamiT mosveneba xSirad Tovlze uxdebodaT. zogjer didTovlobis gamo gzas ver ga-nagrZobdnen. didi tanjvisa da jafis Semdeg, 1637 wels isini gorSi Cavidnen.

maT moZebnes mama justo prato. igi marto iyo, magram sasargeblo saqme gaeke-Tebina _ mas Cveni sarwmunoebisaTvis erTi kargi pirovneba Seematebina. mas Tavis msa-

1 m. TamaraSvili p. avitabiles mier SerCeul eqvs patrs Soris asaxelebs or karafas: patr ieronimes da patr vinCencos (ix. Mm. TamaraSvili, istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris (Tbilisi, 1902), gv. 116-117). b. giorgaZe asaxelebs erT karafas _ jeronimes (rac igive ieronimea). (ix. don pietro avitabile, dasax. naSromi, gv. 6; don kristoforo kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, teqsti gaSifra, Tar-gmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo beJan giorgaZem (Tbilisi, 1976), gv. 11). avitabiles marTlac erTi karafa unda wamoeyvana, vinaidan erTi karafaa miTiTebuli avTentur wyaroebSic, Tumca mis saxelad vinCenco Cans, romelic gorSi Semdgom Wirma imsxverpla (Г. Жордания, З. Гамезардашвили, Римско-католическая миссия и Грузия, ч. 1, из истории взаимоотношений папства и миссионеров с Картлийско-Кахетинским царством и Крымским ханством. Горийские миссии (конец XVI и 20-30-е годы XVII столетия) (Тбилиси, 1994), gv. 519, 553).

2 igive propaganda fide, romis kaTolikuri eklesiis samisionero organizacia (sruli saxelwodebaa `rwmenis propagandis wminda kongregacia~). moqmedebs 1622 wlidan pap grigol XV-s gankargulebis safuZ-velze.

3 qalaqi siriis Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi. 4 qalaqi TurqeTis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi. 5 m. TamaraSvili gorSi axali misionerebis Camosvlas 1637 wels debs, Tumca ambobs, rom aq ori misioneri Camovidao da asaxlebs franCiske majos da klemente galanos (istoria kaTolikobisa... gv. 129).

241

xurad miuwvevia axalgazrda qarTveli, saxelad nasyida1. nasyida gaocebula justos saqmianobiT da erT xans didi yuradRebiT akvirdeboda mas. igi ise ganewyo misione-rebis mimarT, rom mzad iyo, uari eTqva miwier cxovrebaze. amasobaSi gorSi axali misionerebi Camovidnen. axali misionerebis saqmianobam is kidev ufro gaaoca: misione-rebi dilidan saRamomde saqmianobdnen, RamiT fsalmunebs kiTxulobdnen, locvebs am-bobdnen. aravis gaaCnda arc fuli da arc raime sakuTreba, yvelaferi saerTo iyo. kvi-ra dRiT wirva iyo dawesebuli xalxis qristianobaze moqcevis mizniT. yovelive es nas-yidas siwmindes STaagonebda. masac surda, monawileoba mieRo am keTil saqmeSi. man ga-dawyvita, berZnuli marTlmadidebloba mietovebina, laTinur RvTismsaxurebaze gadasu-liyo da Cveni sarwmunoebis anafora Caecva.

nasyidam Tavisi es gadawyvetileba Cvenebs gauziara. magram demons ar eZina. daiwyo misi devna. mas egona, rom amiT dawyebul saqmes SeaCerebda, magram demons ar gamouvida. nasyida axalgazrda da lamazi iyo, im asakSi, roca qorwindebian. man erTi qarTveli gogona moiyvana colad da Tavis ojaxSi didi qorwilic gadaixada, romelsac mSob-lebic eswrebodnen.

nasyidas colis mSoblebi mixvdnen mis ganzraxvas da muqariT aiZulebdnen, gaexsna maTTvis saidumlo. nasyidam gaacno maT Tavisi gadawyvetileba _ mietovebina miwieri cxovreba da RvTis samsaxurSi Sesuliyo. naTesaoba cudad Sexvda mis gadawyvetilebas. gorSi xma gavrcelda, nasyidam marTlmadidebloba miatova da laTinTa RvTismsaxure-baze gadavidao, cdilobs, kaTolike beri gaxdes da colisa da mSoblebisadmi aravi-Tari interesi ar aqvso. qalaqis mTeli mosaxleoba _ qarTvelebi, berZnebi, somxebi, TaTrebi _ yvela mis winaaRmdeg gaerTianda. isini cdilobdnen, eiZulebinaT nasyida, uari eTqva Tavis gadawyvetilebaze. sayvedurobdnen mas, rom winaparTa RvTismsaxureba miatova; berZnebi Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen, aSinebdnen rostomis qarTveli marTlmadi-debeli meuRliT2, gangirisxdebao.

miuxedavad amisa, nasyida Tavis gadawyvetilebaze uars ar ambobda. maSin mowi-naaRmdegeni muqaraze gadavidnen. giJur gadawyvetilebaze uari Tu ar giTqvams, rostom xanTan wagaTrevT da igi sparsuli kanonebiT gagasamarTlebso (sparsuli kanonmdeblo-biT aravis ar aqvs sarwmunoebis gamocvlis ufleba, amisaTvis sikvdiliT isjeba; Tu icvlis, _ mxolod islamze). nasyida mainc mtkiced idga Tavis gadawyvetilebaze. piri-qiT, is mzad iyo, sakuTari sisxli daeRvara.

roca nasyidas mowinaaRmdegeebi darwmundnen, rom masTan araferi gauvidodaT, Seucvidnen saxlSi, daiWires da TbilisSi waiyvanes. maT mimarTes qveynis patriarqsa3 da rostom xans, rom nasyida daesajaT.

nasyida mzad iyo, yvelaferi aetana. magram aq ufalma mas Suamavali gamougzavna Cveni nikifores4 saxiT. igi samefo karze iyo da Tavisi saqmianobiT didi saxeli hqonda mopovebuli mefisa da patriarqis winaSe. mefe darwmunebuli iyo, rom nasyida sparsuli kanonebis Sesabamisad ar unda dasjiliyo, radgan marTlmadideblobasa da kaTolikobas Soris araviTari gansxvaveba ar aris; amrigad, nasyida sarwmunoebas ar icvliso.

patriarqma mkacrad usayvedura mas da urCia, qarTvelebs ar dapirispireboda. magram, roca mefec da patriarqic darwmundnen nasyidas udanaSaulobaSi, angariSi ar gauwies mis mowinaaRmdegeebs da nasyida gaanTavisufles.

gamarjvebuli nasyida CvenTan dabrunda. Cveni tansacmeli Caicva da andria da-irqva. man yvelaferi Seswira RvTis samsaxurs. Tavis samSobloSi usiamovneba rom ar

1 m. TamaraSvils es pirovneba moxsenebuli hyavs rogorc `nasyida lopamoni~ (ix. istoria kaTolikobisa..., gv. 126).

2 igulisxmeba mariam dedofali. 3 unda igulisxmebodes saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi evdemoz I (diasamiZe). patriarqobda 1632-1642 wlebSi.

4 nikifore irbaxi, igive nikoloz irubaqiZe-ColayaSvili, sasuliero da politikuri moRvawe. Teimuraz I-is elCi romis pap urban VIII-s karze 1626-1629 wlebSi. elCobidan saqarTveloSi dabrunda Teatinel misionerebTan erTad. gahyva Teimurz I-s imereTSi. 1657-1658 wlebSi levan II dadianis xelSewyobiT epyra afxazeTis kaTalikosobac. aq rom es moRvawe igulisxmeba, dasturdeba avitabiles moxsenebidan. igi am ambavTan dakavSirebiT wers, rom patriarqis winaSe misionerTa udanaSauloba visac dausabuTebia `es iyo nikolo beri, yvelasagan nikifored wodebuli, romelic axla odiSis mTavris elCis tituliT kastelisTan imyofeboda~ (don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze..., gv. 64).

242

Sexvedroda, don pietrom nasyida jer italiaSi waiyvana, Semdeg ki indoeTSi, goaSi1 ga-amweses. man iq imdeni sikeTe daTesa, rom wmindanad Tvlidnen. goaSi mas swrafi Wleqi Seeyara da sicocxle iq daasrula.

axlaxans Camosulma Cvenma berebma pirvel rigSi qarTuli enis Seswavla daiwyes. maT Soris sibejiTiT mama don klemente2 gamoirCeoda, romelmac somxuri enis Seswav-lac gadawyvita da erTxans TbilisSi wavida sacxovreblad. TbilisSi somexi meti iyo, somxuric ukeTesad icodnen, iqve iyo somexTa mRvdeli da am enaze dawerili wignebic iSoveboda.

Tavi XXIX. sanam gorSi es ambebi xdeboda, mTavris didi wyaloba miviReT. man bina mogvca wi-

furiaSi3 da male – iqve arsebuli eklesiac. rodesac mTavris qaliSvilis mkurnalobas Camogvaciles, mTavarma migvabara kada-

rad wodebuli adgilis gamgebels. man Tavis saxlSi mogvaTavsa da mezobel glexebs daavala Cveni kveba.

kadara4 Zalian lamazi adgilia, is erT-erT saukeTesod mogveCvena odiSSi. dablo-bi kargad mosavliania, kargi sasmeli wylebia, aqve moedineba mdinare enguri, romelic zafxulis dReebSi Zalze civia da saukeTeso. haeri, Tu yvelgan saRi ar aris, yovel SemTxvevaSi mosawonia. zamTari rbilia. aq adamiani mudmivi gazafxuliT tkbeba. zRvi-dan sakmarisi manZiliTaa daSorebuli, ase, rom, kazakebis Tavdasxmis saSiSroeba ar aris, romlebic napirebs Zarcvaven. es adgilebi Cven Zalian mogvwonda, da ai, erT dRes mis dasaTvaliereblad wavediT. vnaxeT, ori eklesia idga, romlebsac galavani hqonda Semovlebuli. maT win didi, gaSliltotebiani Wadrebi iyo darguli. Wadrebis totebi iqaurobas faravdnen. Cven mogvewona rogorc adgilmdebareoba, ise eklesiebi. Cven, don juzepesTan erTad, CavTvaleT, rom es adgilebi zedgamoWrili iyo CvenTvis, miT ufro, rom eklesiebi Tavisufali iyo. mRvdeli, romelic maT uvlida, qarTlis mefis samsa-xurSi gadavida. amitom advili iyo erTi eklesiis CvenTvis gamoTxova mTavrisagan.

dadga dResaswauli. CvenTan mTavari da misi veziri movidnen. am ukanasknelma Cveni survili moaxsena mTavars da, ramdenadac mTavari Cvengan davalebuli iyo qaliSvilis mkurnalobis gamo, dagvpirda eklesias. jiriTisa da nadirobis Semdeg mTavari Sexvda nikifores, romelic episkoposebTan da winamZRvrebTan erTad iyo. maT Soris iyo ala-verdeli episkoposic5.

mTavari miubrunda nikifores da uTxra: icode, rom Tqveni frankebisaTvis ukve movnaxe adgilic da eklesiac. me gadavwyvite, mivce maT eklesia, sofeli da teritori-ac. alaverdelma mTavris sityvebis gagonebisTanave wyevla daiwyo: ufalo, Segviwyale, ufalo, Segviwyale! es ra mesmis, es eklesia gindaT misceT laTinebs? eseni eretikose-bi da Cveni sarwmunoebis mowinaaRmdegeni arian, Tqven ki eklesias aZlevT?! me megona, Tqven qveynidan gandevnidiT maT! Tqven ki maT pativi eciT Cveni mRvdlebis Tanasworad. ise nu izamT, rac Teimurazma hqna, roca maT TavSesafari misca Tavis samefoSi. amis ga-mo daatyda mas RvTis iseTi risxva, rom ara mxolod saxelmwifo dakarga, aramed qveya-naze sawanwalod gauxda saqme, gaWirvebuli da sacodavi Seiqna. Sen ra sasjeli moge-lis, roca maT araTu TavSesafari, aramed eklesiac mieci salocavad da wirvis gada-saxdelad!

alaverdelis sityvebma mTavarze ise imoqmeda, rom eklesiis mocemaze laparaki Sewyda. am saubars dadianis veziric eswreboda, romelmac saxlSi dabrunebis Semdeg dagvamSvida, dadiani eklesias mainc mogcemT, alaverdelma mTavari RvTis risxviT Sea-Sinao. 1 Cans, igulisxmeba Zveli goa, indoeTis qalaqi arabeTis zRvis piras, XVI-XVIII ss-Si indoeTSi portuga-liuri koloniisa da qristianizaciis centri. mdebareobda amave saxelwodebis mxareSi indoeTis samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, romelic 1510 wlidan gaxda portugalielTa kolonia.

2 klemente galano. 3 istoriuli punqti XVII s-is samegreloSi, saxelwodeba warmosdgeba `wiflnaridan~ (megr. `wifuri~). mde-bareobda erTi versiiT sof Tagilonis teritoriaze (galis r-ni), meoreTi _ amJamad warmoadgens sof. ganmuxuris erT-erT ubans.

4 am saxelwodebiT cnobilia: 1. sofeli gulrifSis r-nSi, kodoris xeobaSi, 2. taZari sof. Zveli abaSis dasavleTiT, 3. adgili sof. kokSi (zugdidis municipalitetSi). savaraudod, aq es ukanaskneli unda igu-lisxmebodes.

5 igulisxmeba yofili alaverdeli episkoposi mitrofane.

243

Cven amaze vupasuxeT, rom alaverdeli, Cveni siZulviliT dabrmavebuli, Tavisebu-rad xsnis Teimurazis mier taxtis dakargvas. sanam Teimurazi CvenTan kargad iyo da Cven kargad gviyurebda, misi saqmec kargad imidioda. magram roca fuli mogvTxova, ro-melic ar gvqonda, da Cveni gandevna moindoma, maSin wavida misi saqme cudad. maSin ga-nawyenda RmerTi masze da samefo waarTva. amitom Cveni mosvliT qveyana ki ar daeca, aramed gaZlierda.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg mTavris TxovniT erT qalbatonTan unda gavmgzavrebuliya-viT mis samkurnalod. Cven uari SevuTvaleT da piriqiT, samefodan wasvlis survili gamovTqviT. mTavari amis gagonebaze saSinlad Sewuxda da ganacxada, aseT keTil adami-anebs me Cemi samefodan ar gavuSvebo. Zalian ukmayofilo var alaverdelis saqcielis gamo da axla minda, mogiCinoT saxli da mogceT TqvenTvis sasurveli wifuriao. gaZ-levT am sofels adgil-mamuliTa da ymebiT. eklesias ar gaZlevT, raTa sasuliero pi-rebi ar gavanawyenoo. magram gpirdebiT axlis aSenebas, sadac RvTismsaxureba SegeZle-baTo. 1634 wels wifuria Cvens gankargulebaSi gadmovida.

Cven Zalian gagvixarda es ambavi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi odiSSi imdeni vimogzau-reT, rom daviRaleT da dasveneba gvindoda. meore mxriv, ukmayofilo viyaviT, eklesia rom ar mogvces, Tumca RvTis imedi gvqonda. marTlac, 1635 wlis maisSi moxda SemTxve-va, romelmac mTavari kvlav Cvens sasargeblod ganawyo, da gadawyvita, eklesia CvenTvis gadmoeca. es ase moxda.

1635 wlis aprilSi iseTi viTareba Seiqmna, rom mTavari kvlav imereTze salaSqrod moemzada, man Sekriba laSqari da imereTis sazRvrisaken gaeSura, raTa xuT dReSi mor-Ceniliyo saqmes. imereTis sazRvarTan idgnen, roca mTavarma jaris meTaurebi miipatiJa sadilad. roca sufridan adgnen, SezarxoSebulma mTavarma gauxednav cxenze moiwadina Sejdoma. cxeni yalyze dadga da mTavari Zirs Camoagdo. mTavari cudad Seiqna da ma-Rali sicxe misca, Tavic Zalian stkioda. ramdenadac Cven saukeTeso eqimebad mivaCndiT, xalxi afrines CvenTan. me maSinve wavedi. sami dRe masTan vijeqi. Zalian cudad iyo, ma-Rali sicxeebi hqonda. TiTqmis yvelam gamoitira. magram Cems danaxvaze imedi moeca da gamxiarulda. jer skamze damsva, mere loginze Camomsva, avad gaxdomis mizezebi gamac-no da mTxova, yvela saSualeba gamomeyenebina mis gadasarCenad. samagierod, yvela Txovnis Sesruleba aRmiTqva. Tan dasZina, aqamde Tqven Cemgan ise ar iyaviT dafasebuli, rogorc gekuTvnodaT, magram loginidan Tu avdeqi, yvelafers gagikeTebTo. am saubars mefis vaziri paata wulukiZe1 eswreboda. man Tavis mxriv samasi skudo2 aRmiTqva mefis gankurnebis SemTxvevaSi. dedofali calke mpirdeboda saCuqrebs.

me yvelas vupasuxe, rom arafers ar davaklebdi, magram janmrTelobis aRdgena mxolod RmerTzea damokidebuli, miT umetes, rom mefe mZimed avadmyofia. me metad rTul pirobebSi aRmovCndi. jer erTi, medicinaSi naklebad verkveodi, da mere _ wam-lebi Tan ar mqonda. amasTan, marto viyavi. axla mefe rom momkvdariyo, brals me dam-debdnen da javrs Cemze iyridnen. me mivmarTe Cvens netar gaetanos da andreas.

pirvel rigSi Sevumcire saWmlis raodenoba da saWmelebi SevurCie. mas sul wyur-vili awuxebda. erT dRes gavriske da sicxis dawevisas bevri wylis dalevis ufleba miveci. is oflad gaiRvara da aman masze kargad imoqmeda. mTavris janmrTeloba ramde-nime dReSi normaluri gaxda.

mTavarma gamoiZaxa veziri, romelmac misi davalebiT gadmomca, rom dapirebas asrulebda. CemTvis unda gadmoecaT oci komli glexi da samasi skudo. me madloba mo-vaxsene da SevniSne, rom me ki ar movarCine, aramed ufalma, da radgan RmerTis daxmare-biT daubrunda janmrTeloba, sjobs, yvela am saCuqris sanacvlod wm. giorgis eklesia mogvces wifuriaSi-Tqo. rodesac mTavarma Cveni survilis Sesaxeb gaigo, gadawyvita mi-si Sesruleba. Cven gadmogvces eklesiac, msaxurebic da saCuqrebic. veravin gabeda, mTavris gadawyvetilebas win aRsdgomoda.

me samefo karze gamgzavnes eklesiis misaRebad. 1635 wlis 14 ivniss, wm. basilis dRes eklesia CavibareT da pirveli wirvac mis saxelze Sesrulda. man xom samonastro cxovreba daawesa. misi mfarvelobiT SevediT am marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi.

1 metsaxelad wuwki. imereTis mefis risxvas Tavi Seafara odiSis mTavris karze. levan II-m mas uboZa ad-gil-mamuli, romelsac amis gamo `nawuluku~ (anu sawulukiZeo) ewoda da daniSna Tavis pirvel mi-nistrad.

2 fulis erTeuli italiaSi, XVI s-dan gamoiyeneboda vercxlis monetebis aRsaniSnavad.

244

Tavi XXX. erTxel guriis Semoqmedelma episkoposma, romlis mfarvelobis qveS Cveni mamebi

imyofebodnen, Tavis saqmeebze odiSSi wasvla gadawyvita. mama antonio jardinom sTxo-va, Tan waeyvana, raTa Cven movenaxulebineT. mkaTaTve idga da metad cxeloda. episko-poss sxva qudi ar hqonda, garda imisa, romelsac berZeni berebi atareben. igi sicxem me-tad Seawuxa. mama don antonio mixvda, da radgan igi metad kacTmoyvare iyo, moixada qudi da episkoposs daaxura. TviTon mas mzem dahkra da rodesac odiSSi Camovida, maRali sicxe misca. igi CvenTan movida samkurnalod.

misi mosvla CvenTvis metad sasiamovno iyo, magram avad iyo da Cven araviTari wamali ar gagvaCnda. mainc Tavze vadeqiT dRe da Rame da SesaZlo zomebs viRebdiT. mi-si avadmyofoba ormocdaaT dRes gagrZelda. igi ramdenjerme gamokeTda, wamodga kidec, magram kvlav Cawva da bolos metad mZimed Seiqna. Cven yvelani masTan viyaviT. megona, mec gadavyvebodi mis sikvdils. magram iseT mdgomareobaSi Cavvardi, rom verc ki Sev-niSne misi gardacvaleba da dakrZalva, Tumca erT oTaxSi viweqiT.

am dros iq imyofeboda guriis patriarqi, romelmac icoda mama jardinos avadmyofobis Sesaxeb. igi yoveldRe ugzavnida mas saCuqrebs, romlebic janmrTelobis dros ufro gamoadgeboda. patriarqs sanaxavadac undoda mosvla.

am keTili mamis dakargviT guriis misionma didi danaklisi ganicada. igi metad Wkviani da saqmiani pirovneba iyo. didi niWi hqonda enebis dauflebaSic. man Seadgina qarTuli gramatikis kargi saxelmZRvanelo. qarTul enaze igi ise Tavisuflad lapara-kobda, rom am qveynis mkvidri gegonebodaT. igi didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda yve-lasTan da gansakuTrebiT _ zemoxsenebul patriarqTan. igi ganuwyvetlad sayvedurobda patriarq-mTavars guriaSi bavSvebiT vaWrobis gamo, romlebsac Turqebze hyiddnen. igi cdilobda, bavSvebis gayidva Seemcirebina da amitom didi raodenobiT naTlavda maT. maTi nawili Segnebuli asakis miRwevamde daixoca, magram isini am gziT samoTxes SesZina.

patriarqma Cven ramdenime bavSvi mogvca. isini kaTolikeebad movnaTleT. metad sasiamovno iyo, roca isini Cveneburad loculobdnen.

im dros erTi mteri gamogviCnda, Turqi, saxelad fridoni. igi guriis kaTalikos-mTavris mkurnali iyo. guriaSi Cveni misionerebis CasvlisTanave win aRudga maT da mu-Saobis saSualebas ar aZlevda. xelidan ar uSvebda SemTxvevas maT salanZRavad. Cveni mamebi amas moTminebiT itandnen. warmoSobiT is italieli qristiani iyo. SemdgomSi konstantinepolSi1 man qristianoba uaryo da mahmadianoba miiRo. konstantinepolidan igi guriaSi gadavida. qirurgi iyo, magram Tavi yvela avadmyofobis mcodned gamoacxa-da, patriarqis samsaxurSi Cadga da Tavisi winandeli sarwmunoebis uaryofiT mahmadia-nobaSi Turqebs ejibreboda. adre mas nikolo erqva, mahmadianobaSi fridoni dairqva2.

pirvelad, roca Cvenebi guriaSi Cavidnen, fridoni Seecada, rogorc mTavris, ise xalxis TvalSi boroti enebiT saxeli gaetexa maTTvis. mama don antonio jardino mas-Tan Sexvedris dros yovelTvis cdilobda, igi qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis daeb-runebina. magram jiuti fridoni mas pasuxobda: ra sinaTle modis Tqveni mxridan? Cemi sarwmunoeba keTilia da me minda am sarwmunoebaSi yofnao. es ukeTesia, vidre Tqveni sarwmunoebao. ase grZeldeboda manam, sanam mama antonio cocxali iyo. misi gardac-valebis Semdeg fridoni Seicvala. ufalma STaagona mas, eRiarebina Tavisi Secdoma da igi moulodnelad daubrunda qristes rwmenas. is wmindaniviT gardaicvala.

Tavi XXXI. zemoT ukve vTqviT, rogor wamovidnen Cveni mamebi italiidan samegreloSi kon-

stantinepolis gavliT. don antonio korero, don vinCenco jilberti, don maria veri-

1 igive stambuli. mas Semdeg, rac sulTanma mehmed II-m bizantiis dedaqalaqi konstantinepoli aiRo, igi osmaleTis imperiis sataxto qalaqad aqcia. Tumca im dros evropelebi mas mainc Zveli, bizantiuri xanis saxeliT moixseniebdnen xolme.

2 judiCe am pirovnebas `ferindon~-ad (Ferindon) moixseniebs (don juzepe judiCe milaneli, dasax. naSromi, gv. 69). mis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT cnobebs vnaxulobT avitabiles moxsenebaSi (don pietro avitabile, dasax. naSromi, gv. 68, 71). am relaciis safuZvelze propaganda fides kongregaciis mdivnis werilSi ki aRniSnulia, rom `misionerebs SeuerTda toskaniis erT qalaqSi dabadebuli eqimi, romelic Turqebma tyve Caigdes ungreTSi. man siymawvileSi qristianoba uaryo da gamahmadianda, axla mTavar guriels eqi-mad emsaxureba da dRes araCveulebrivad nanobs Tavis Secdomas~ (iqve, gv. 80).

245

Celi da morCili Zmebi, bonaventura bovio da franCesko pistoia pirvelad kunZul zan-teze1 gadmosxdnen. iqaurma episkoposma isini gulTbilad miiRo. masTan ramdenime dRe gaatares. im xanebSi Zlierma miwisZvram Searyia es kunZuli, mravali saxli daingra, maT Soris episkoposis erTi sasaxle. episkoposic da wminda mamebic saswaulebriv ga-daurCnen miwisZvras. isini kinaRam nangrevebis qveS mohyvnen. sasaxle rom daengra, epis-koposi iZulebuli gaxda, mamebTan erTad ficrul saxlSi ecxovra. man gankarguleba gasca, sasaxle swrafad aRedginaT.

aqedan mamebi kunZul kandiaze2 wavidnen, xolo iqidan – qiosze3. aq isini umaRles-ma xelisufalma kontarinim miiRo. man survili gamoTqva, erT-erTi misioneri garkveul xans TavisTan daetovebina. arCevani mama veriCelize SeCerda, romelic kunZulze ori weli darCa. mas aq misioni unda daearsebina, magram mTeli rigi sirTuleebis gamo ver moaxerxa. danarCenebi gemiT samegreloSi gamoemgzavrnen da 1637 wlis agvistoSi uxifa-To naosnobis Semdeg samegreloSi Cavidnen.

samegreloSi mamebis Camosvla metad drouli aRmoCnda. maTma Camosvlam Cven erTgva-rad gagvamxneva mama jardinos gardacvalebis Semdeg. mxolod sami dRe iyo gasuli, rac mas gamoveTxoveT. me imdenad saxifaTod viyavi avad, rom Cems Tavs aRar vekuTvnodi.

mamebs mama juzepe4 daxvda da Tvalcremlianma miiRo isini. man uTxra: keTili iy-os Tqveni mobrZaneba, magram ar aris sasiamovno, rom Tqven aseTi mwuxarebis dros mox-vediT. sami dRea, rac gardaicvala don antonio jardino da SesaZloa, male gamogveca-los xelidan don arqanjelo lamberti. yvelani erTad Semovidnen saxlSi, sadac me vi-weqi. me Zlivs SevZeli maTTan misalmeba. Cemze imdenad kargad imoqmeda samegreloSi Ca-mosuli Cemi Zvirfasi Zmebis danaxvam, rom gamomjobineba dametyo. ramdenime dReSi gan-vikurne da fexze wamovdeqi.

mTavarma maTi Camosvlis ambavi rom gaigo, maTi dasaCuqreba brZana. Cvenc Cvenis mxriv gavugzavneT mTavars mamebis Camotanili saCuqrebi: ori yuTi Tormeti qiliT vaJi-nis mosaxarSi, ori dasta qaRaldi da erTi neapoluri saponi. Tan vaaxleT mTavri-saTvis siciliaSi damzadebuli erTi mooqrovili spilenZis yuTi marjniT da qsovile-bi, erTi TabaSiris qandakeba dedoflisaTvis, makrateli, marjnistariani danebi, ramdenime wyvili abreSumis winda, spilos Zvlis savarcxlebi da a.S. am nivTebs Soris iyo sanTlis Tojina, romelic skamze ijda da Tavsa da fexebs amoZravebda. misi mir-Tmeva mTavrisTvis gvindoda, magram roca dedofalma naxa, ise moewona, rom TavisTvis daitova.

daxmareba rom mogvivida, gadavwyviteT ufro gulmodgined gveSroma. Tavi XXXII. Cven SevZeliT, mogvepovebina mTavris wyaloba, did batonis winaSe pativi da xal-

xis sayovelTao siyvaruli davimsaxureT. magram eSmaks ar eZina. man mainc moaxerxa Cvens saqmeebSi Careva da kinaRam misioni CagviSala.

rogorc zemoT vTqviT, italiidan axalCamosulTa Soris iyo morCili Zma franCes-ko pistoia, romelic oqromWedeli iyo. mTavarma is TavisTan waiyvana, radgan surda, aseTi Zvirfasi saqmis xelosnebi Tavis qveyanaSi mravlad hyoloda. mas vercxlisa da oqros nivTebis damzadeba daavala. mTavars surda, am morCil Zmas samefo karze emu-Sava sxva oqromWedlebiviT. magram es umcrosi Zma kargi morwmune iyo, mas ar undoda Cveni saxlidan wasvla da arc misi ufrosebi Tanxmdebodnen.

mTavari Tavis moTxovnas imiT asabuTebda, rom surda, daecva is oqro-vercxli, romelic oqromWedlisTvis unda Caebarebina nivTebis dasamzadeblad. misi sityviT, sa-mefoSi gavrcelebuli qurdobis gamo misionerTa saxlSi oqroulis Senaxva saimedo ar iqneboda, maSin roca sasaxlidan moparvas veravin gabedavda. Cven davarwmuneT mTavari, rom ise vuyaraulebdiT, rom araferi ar daikargeboda. maSin mTavarma Tavisi eklesiis barZimis dasamzadeblad xuTasi skudo Cagvabara.

1 kunZuli ioniis zRvaSi. amJamad ekuTvnis saberZneTs. 2 igulisxmeba kunZuli kreta. kunZuls kandia uwodes venecielebma. am saxelwodebas iyenebdnen osmalebic. 3 kunZuli egeosis zRvaSi, mc. aziis naxevarkunZulTan axlos. amJamad ekuTvnis saberZneTs. 4 juzepe juduCe milaneli.

246

morCilma Zmam, franCeskom daiwyo oqros masiuri barZimis Camosxma. roca sadgami daasrula da emzadeboda samuSaos dasamTavreblad, erT Rames, roca mas eZina, qur-debma misi oTaxis qveS gvirabi gamoTxares, yuTi oqroTi waiRes da gaiqcnen.

diliT, roca es ambavi vnaxeT, maSinve gagvaxsenda mTavris sityvebi. aSkara iyo, rom eSmaki yvelafers akeTebda Cveni misionis dasasamareblad.

yvelaze metad me viyavi ganadgurebuli, radgan mTavrisaTvis es ambavi me unda Se-metyobinebina. ufals mivende, mTavars veaxeli da Sevkadre, moeca CvenTvis ufleba, rom me da Cems megobrebs dagvetovebina misi samTavro aq gavrcelebuli didi qurdobis ga-mo, vinaidan ucxoelebs aq ar ecxovrebaT-Tqo.

`rogor, _ mibrZana man, _ ras niSnavs es? SeiZleba, Tqven mogpares rame?!~ `ki, ba-tono, _ mivuge me, _ mogvpares Tqveni oqro, romelic oqromWedels miandeT; magram Cven mzad varT, zarali avanazRauroT. Cven rac gvabadia, yvelafers gavyidiT, oqros safa-surs gadagixdiT da aqedan wavalT~.

man Tavazianad mipasuxa, amaze ar SevwuxebuliyaviT. Tumca oqro daikarga, magram nebas ar mogcemT, TqvenisTana xalxi samefodan wavideso. axla Cemi mizania, Tqveni saxli ise SevakeToT, rom msgavsi SemTxveva aRar ganmeordeso. man maSinve ubrZana mou-ravs, CvenTvis iseTi saxli gamoenaxa, romelic miwidan sakmaod maRla iqneboda da Zirs ver gamouTxridnen. ase, rom, eSmakis cda, am qveynidan wavsuliyaviT, CaiSala da ufal-ma mTavari Cvens sasargeblod Semoabruna.

Semdeg wels uaresi SegvemTxva. SemTxveviT Tu gangeb, erT oTaxs, sadac saqoneli gvyavda, cecxli gauCnda. aqedan cecxli sxva oTaxebsa da sakuWnaos moedo, sadac sano-vage, Romi da xorbali gvqonda Senaxuli. erT wuTSi yvelaferi dagvewva. es araferi iyo meore zaralTan _ cecxli waekida marTlmadideblur eklesias da mTlianad daiw-va, Cvens eklesias ki ar Seexo.

es ambavi maSinve mTavars acnobes. daiwyo didi miTqma-moTqma. erTni acxadebdnen, rom Cvens Soris raRac didi codva iyo Cabudebuli, radgan pirvelad guriaSi dagvewva saxli da Semdeg aseve moxda odiSSi. berZnebi acxadebdnen, rom es cecxli SemTxveviTi ki ar iyo, aramed gangebam gamoiwvia. TiTqos Cven gavaCineT es xanZari maTi eklesiis dasaferflad. Tavisi naTqvami damajerebeli rom gaexadaT, acxadebdnen, rom maT da-inaxes, Cveni misionerebi rogor ukrZalavdnen xalxs cecxlis CaqrobaSi daxmarebas. si-namdvileSi Cven vukrZalavdiT, ar aeRoT Cveni damwvari nivTebi. davkargeT mTeli sa-novage da qoneba, mTeli qveyana mtrad gagvixda da mTavaric gadagvidga.

ubinaod darCenilebi iZulebulni gavxdiT, Rame Ria cis qveS gagveTia. es ar gag-vWirvebia, radgan ivlisis cxeli dReebi idga. Zalian Segvawuxa iman, rom xalxs, ro-melic xanZris CaqrobaSi gvexmareboda, verafriT ver gavumaspinZldiT. xolo Cvenze gamwyral mezoblebs ar undodaT, CvenTvis raime moeyidaT an esesxebinaT.

mogveCvena, rom ucxo qveyanaSi siRaribeSi CavvardiT. davkargeT yvelaferi da yve-las mteri gavxdiT. magram mokle xanSi yvelaferi gamokeTda da mTavaric mogvibrunda. is gvarwmunebda, rom Cven brali ar migviZRvis momxdar ambavSi, rom xanZari SemTxveviT gaCnda. male igi dagvexmara da aRgvidgina danaklisi. xalxsac guli moubrunda da Cvenma saxlma isev miiRo stumrebi.

Tavi XXXIII. odiSSi 1645 wlamde vicxovreT. Cvens saqmianobas kvlavac ganvagrZobdiT: vnaT-

lavdiT bavSvebs da yvelgan vqadagebdiT Turqebze bavSvTa gayidvis sawinaaRmdegod. mTavarma mkacri brZaneba gamosca, romlis mixedviTac Turqebze bavSvTa gayidva ori wlis ganmavlobaSi Zalze mZime sasjeliT isjeboda. Semdeg mTavari iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia da sasjeli didi baJiT Secvala. Tumca drodadro is anaxlebda Tavis brZanebulebas tyveTa syidvis akrZalvis Sesaxeb.

am dros odiSs ewvia aleqsandriis patriarqi, saxelad nikifore1. me SemomTavazes mis sanaxavad wasvla da veaxle. patriarqma misayvedura, amden xans rom ar movinaxule. me mas bodiSi movuxade da mizezad Cemi moucleloba vaxsene. patriarqma dagvianeba ma-patia im pirobiT, rom amieridan xSirad vnaxavdi. marTlac, es piroba pirnaTlad Se-vasrule.

1 nikifore aleqsandriis patriarqi iyo 1639-1645 wlebSi.

247

Tavi XXXIV. am droisaTvis am Soreul qveyanaSi mogvivida bula1 sarwmunoebis propagandis ko-

lejis daarsebis Sesaxeb. bula sTxovda yvela eris meTaurebs, gaegzavnaT am kolejSi saswavleblad eris rCeuli ymawvilebi, romlebic mecnierebasTan erTad kaTolikur sarwmunoebasac Seiswavlidnen.

Cven bula mTavar dadians warvudgineT da vurCevdiT, rom kolejis garda Tavisi qveynidan kidev ori ymawvili gaegzavna Tanamedrove mecnierebis Sesaswavlad. mTavarma gadawyvita, miewera romis papisaTvis da ori ymawvili gaegzavna kolejSi.

mTavarma gadawyvita, romis papTan am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT don juzepe judiCe gaegzavna. mas werili unda waeRo papisaTvis da Tan ori ymawvili waredgina kolejSi misaRebad.

trapizonis mitropolitma2 berZnulad miswera werili pap urban VIII-s3. werilSi igi, pirvelyovlisa, madlobas uTvlida mas aseTi mamebis gamogzavnisaTvis, romlebsac man miuCina saxlic, eklesiac. amasTan is sTxovda paps, sxva mamebic gamoegzavna, romel-Tac aseve pativiT miiRebda. amasTan, igi agreTve sTxovda paps, propaganda fides ko-lejSi mieRo ori megreli ymawvili, romlebsac juzepes TanxlebiT agzavnida.

orive ymawvili Cvens sjulze moinaTla. erTs antonio daerqva, meores andrea. es andrea SemTxveviT moxvda mefis karze. is orma Tavadma moiyvana aq da TiToeuli amtki-cebda, Cemiao. mTavarma maT mousmina da brZana: vercerT Tqvengans mas ver Cavabareb, radganac mas maSinve mihyidiT Turqebs, ymawvils me mivcem gzaso. mTavarma ymawvili ju-zepes Caabara italiaSi saswavleblad wasayvanad.

andrea didi warmatebiT swavlobda kolejSi, CasvlisTanave iswavla italiuri ena, Semdeg laTinuri. Semdeg filosofiisa da Teologiis Seswavlas Seudga. magram mesame wels mZimed daavadda da gardaicvala.

meore ymawvili, antonio, aseTi niWieri ar aRmoCnda. igi male gadavida erT-erTi umaRlesi sasuliero piris samsaxurSi da kolejs gamoeTxova.

mama don juzepem samegrelodan gamgzavrebis Semdeg zRvaze bevri qariSxali ga-daitana da konstantinepols CaaRwia. am qalaqSi is im ganzraxviT Cavida, rom aq misio-ni daearsebina. am mizniT man veneciis bailosa4 da safrangeTis saelCos axlos, gala-TaSi5 saxli iyida. es mezobloba mas daexmareboda imaSi, rom Turqebis Seuracxyofis SemTxvevaSi Tavi Seefarebina maTTan.

amasobaSi italiidan misionis msaxurad Camovida mama don kaetano6 da alesandri, Rirseuli moqalaqe da saTnoebiT Semkuli.

mama don juzepesTan erTad mama don kaetano dros ar kargavda da am qalaqSi RvTismosaobiT sulebis xsnisaTvis iRwvodnen. am qalaqSi (konstantinepolSi) uamravi imereli da megreli tyve iyo. don juzepe arigebda maT da amagrebda maT rwmenas.

am dros konstantinepolSi erTi metad saintereso ambavi moxda: don juzepem Seit-yo, rom sam qristians, or mRvdels da erT eriskacs, qristianoba mietovebinaT da ga-mahmadianebuliyvnen. is Zalze Sewuxda da yoveli saSualebiT Seecada, isini qristia-nobisaTvis daebrunebina. Turqebs sikvdiliT dasja hqondaT dawesebuli maTTvis, vinc Turqs qristianad gaxdomas STaagonebda, an renegats Zvel sarwmunoebaze daabrunebda. mama juzepe aman ar SeaSina. igi gulmxurvaled arwmunebda maT, dabrunebodnen qristi-anobas. 1 romis papis brZanebuleba an werili. 2 es mitropoliti saxeliTaa moxseniebuli sxva misionerebTan: kasteli wers, rom `mitropoliti kirile xelaxla moinaTla Cvens wesze~ (don kritoforo kasteli, dasax. naSromi, gv. 62-63), ris gamoc mas mok-vliT emuqrebodneno (iqve, gv. 72-73). sabolood `kirile, trapezuntelad wodebuli,~ dasavleT saqarTve-loSi darCenila (iqve, gv. 165). avitabiles ki guriaSi misvlisas iq unaxavs `trapizonis mitropolitad namyofi~ `erTi kaTolike berZeni, saxelad kirile~. es ukanaskneli misioners gorSi gaucvnia, roca kon-stantinepolis patriarqs igi mowyalebis Sesagroveblad gamoegzavna saqarTveloSi (don pietro avitabi-le, dasax. naSromi, gv. 76).

3 romis papi 1623-1644 wlebSi. 4 bailo iyo veneciis diplomatiuri warmomadgeneli konstantinepolSi. icavda veneciis politikur da sa-vaWro interesebs osmaleTis imperiaSi. rezidencia hqonda galaTaSi.

5 istoriuli raioni Zveli konstantinepolis midamoebSi, oqros rqis Crdilo sanapiroze. daaarses genue-lebma gvianbizantiur xanaSi da XIII-XV ss-Si warmoadgenda genuis respublikis kolonias. maT aq gaaC-ndaT sakuTari bankebi, taZrebi da simagreebi. osmalebis mier konstantinepolis dapyrobis Semdeg genue-lebi kidev did xans inarCunebdnen aq wamyvan savaWro-ekonomikur mdgomareobas.

6 Semdgom `katano~-dac ixsenieba.

248

bolos, erTi im renegati mRvdelTagani wamovida konstantinepolidan da samegre-loSi CemTan gadmovida, sadac me eklesiasTan Sevarige. amis Semdeg erTi weli is Cvens saxlSi darCa. kvlav qristianad moqceuls TurqeTze gavliT samSobloSi dabrunebisa eSinoda. me vurCie, sparseTiT indoeTSi, da indoeTidan Cvens mxareSi gamgzavrebuliyo.

mama don juzepe ramdenime Tve konstantinepolSi darCa da Semdeg italiaSi wa-vida. am dros wminda petres taxtze inokenti X1 ijda. igi mis fexebs eambora da es ori ymawvili warudgina mTavris werilTan erTad. Semdeg misionisaTvis wminda kongre-gaciidan ori beri miiRo: mama don jovani batista monti milaneli da don jakomo antonio manti kremoneli. igi maTTan erTad Cavida livornoSi,2 sadac didi inglisuri xomaldi daxvda, romelic konstantinepolSi miemgzavreboda. gzad gemze oTxi domi-nikaneli3 beri amovida, romlebic misionerebad midiodnen kafasa4 da saTaTreTSi5. isi-ni gamoemgzavrnen 1647 wlis didi marxvis dasawyisSi da Tvrameti dRis uxifaTo mgzavrobis Semdeg mividnen dardanelSi6, Semdeg konstantinepolis srutis Sesasvlel-Si, sadac ori cixe dgas. maT ukve SiSi ar hqondaT, egonaT, yvelaferi avbediTi ukve ukan darCaT. maT yvelaze metad mekobreebisa eSinodaT, romlebsac cixis mcvelni uflebas ar aZlevdnen, sruteSi eyaCaRnaT. amitom yvelani mxiarulad idgnen dominika-nel berebTan erTad da RmerTs madlobas swiravdnen uvneblad gadarCenisaTvis. gzaSi erTi meores aRsarebas eubneboda, emzadebodnen yovelgvari wamebis gasaZlebad.

roca napirs miuaxlovdnen, dainaxes napirze Segrovili Turqebi, maT Soris ori – SiSveli xmliT. isini maT mosaklavad ki ar iyvnen mosuli, aramed TurqTa sapatio samxedro pirs axldnen mcvelebad. maT SeSinebulebma dadges fexi miwaze. samxedro pirma yuradRebiT gamohkiTxa maT vinaoba da mgzavrobis mizani, saeWvo veraferi naxa da didi dacviT konstantinepolSi pirvel vezirTan gaistumra. maTTan erTad navSi ramdenime ianiCari7 Casves da qalaqSi gagzavnes.

Zneli warmosadgenia is tanjva, rac sawyalma berebma gzaSi gadaitanes. isini viw-ro navze Sehyares uxeSi ficrebisagan Sekrul uswormasworo sawolze, sadac Tavebi erTmaneTisaTvis hqondaT midebuli. sakvebad mxolod orcxobila hqondaT. ianiCarebma isini konstantinepolSi Caiyvanes. aq ukve xma daeyaraT kabudan faSas mier Sepyrobili veneciis8 Svidi mstovaris Sesaxeb. xalxi cnobismoyvareobiT eloda maT gadmoyvanas na-vidan. vezirma cxenosanTa razmi gagzavna maT mosayvanad. misionerebi navidan gadmoiy-vanes da fexiT gauyenes gzas, isini cxenosanTa razmiTa da policielebiT garSemor-tymulni midiodnen. maT Tan misdevda gaafTrebuli brbo, romelsac SeeZlo, isini na-wil-nawil aekuwa.

veziris winaSe rom warsdgnen, man pirvelad maTi vinaoba gamoikiTxa. upasuxes, cudi saqmis gamkeTeblebi ar varT, kaTolike berebi varT, ieso qristes msaxurnio. ve-zirma hkiTxa: `ra mizniT dadixarT qveyanaze?~ `radgan eklesiebi mTel qveyanazea ga-fantuli, _ miuges maT, _ mivdivarT, rom mxarSi amovudgeT da davexmaroT maT. amitom dominikaneli berebi midian kafasa da saTaTreTSi, raTa saeklesio ritualebi Seasru-lon, xolo Teatinelma mamebma dadianisagan miiRes eklesia da mis mosamsaxureblad mi-dian~. vezirma brZana, isini xaroSi CaeyaraT da Zlieri dacvis qveS hyolodaT. ulufad maT mcireodeni puri da wyali gamouyves. ase gaatares aTi dRe. amis Semdeg movidnen sasamarTlos warmomadgenlebi, amoiyvanes xarodan da erTi naviT konstantinepolidan galaTaSi waiyvanes. gzaSi isini xelaxla moicva sikvdilis SiSma, radgan, roca Tur-

1 romis papi 1644-1655 wlebSi. 2 qalaqi navsadguri italiaSi, tirenis zRvis piras, toskanis dasavleT sanapiroze. 3 dominikanelTa ordenis wevrebi. monazon mqadagebelTa es kaTolikuri ordeni daaarsa espanelma berma wm. dominikma safrangeTSi XIII s-is damdegs. 1216 w. ordenis wesdeba daamtkica papma honorius III-m.

4 sazRvao qalaqi yirimis naxevarkunZulze. XIII s-is damdegidan genuelTa xelSi iyo. warmoadgenda Sav zRvaSi genuelTa mTavar savaWro monopolist qalaqs da Crdilo SavizRvispireTis genuis koloniebis marTvis centrs. 1475 w. daipyres osmalebma da aqcies Turqul portad. Tanamedrove qalaqi feodosia uk-rainaSi.

5 unda igulisxmebodes yirimis saxano. 6 egeosis zRvisa da marmarilos zRvis damakavSirebeli viwro srute. 7 `axali jari~, elitaruli qveiTi samxedro danayofis jariskacebi XIV-XIX ss-is osmaleTSi. Tavidan Sedgeboda bavSvobidanve gamahmadianebul da sagangebod gawvrTnil qristianTagan. asrulebdnen sadamsjelo da policiur saqmianobasac.

8 im dros venecia warmoadgenda respublikas italiis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi.

249

qebs vinme cixidan gamohyavT da ar eubnebian mizezs, an sad mihyavT, Cveulebriv, an sax-rCobelaze mihyavT, an sarze Camosacmelad, an kauWze Camosakideblad, an katarRaze meniCbed.

don juzepem dainaxa, rom navi gaemarTa abanosaken, sadac cxovroben monebi, rom-lebic katarRebze meniCbeebad arian ganwirulni. berebs imedi miecaT, rom sikvdiliT ar sjidnen da katarRaze meniCbeebad svamdnen. asec moxda: abanos mcvelebma berebs borkilebi daades, Semdeg TiTo dominikaneli da TiTo Teatineli beri erTmaneTs ga-daabes jaWviT da ase gadabmuli Seiyvanes abanoSi.

didi Senobis msgavsi es adgili erTi mTliani maRali kldiT or nawilad aris gayofili. erTi nawili Ria ezos magvaria, meore gadaxurulia da RamiT iketeba. aq im-yofeba katarRebis yvela tyve. roca floti konstantinepolSi brundeba, katarRebis me-niCbeebi aq mohyavT, xolo katarRebs navsaSenSi miaTreven. dRisiT tyveebi Ria ezoSi arian, sadac vaWroba SeuZliaT. saRamos isini gadaxurulSi SehyavT da iq ketaven.

Tavisuflad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq jojoxeTis cocxali aslia: sxvadasxva erov-nebis tyveebi mTeli Rame mRerian, tirian, yvirian, Civian. simyrale da autaneli kvamli dgas, radgan yvela cecxls anTebs vaxSmis mosamzadeblad. amas Tan erTvis jaWvebis ga-mayruebeli CxaraCxuri. sawolad ficrebs iyeneben, romlebic baRlinjoebiTaa savse da RamiT aravis aZinebs.

Cveni sacodavi mamebic aq Semoiyvanes. maT erTi kuTxe miuCines ficrebze, romle-bic sawolad unda gamoeyenebinaT. leibic is iyo da sabanic. ukanasknelad ufalma ki-dev Seibrala da moanaxvina maT erTi franki, romelic abanoSi mwerlad iyo. man didi gulmowyaleba gamoiCina da erTi calke adgili gamouZebna, raTa RamiT mainc moesvenaT. es am tanjvaSi didi SeRavaTi iyo.

am dros konstantinepolSi mama don kaetano imyofeboda, romelic aqauri misionis dasaxmareblad mosuliyo. roca misi Zvirfasi megobrebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb gaigo, Seecada maT daxmarebas. man urCia yvela elCs, sxvaTa dasanaxavad mamebisaTvis naklebi yuradReba mieqciaT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Turqebi mixvdebodnen, rom berebi sapatio pirebi iyvnen da did gamosasyids moiTxovdnen. aseTi Tanxa Cvens SesaZleblobebs aRema-teboda da maTi ganTavisuflebis imeds dagvikargavda.

Tavi XXXV. am berebs Soris mama don juzepe judiCec iyo. igi yvelaze uxucesi iyo da amitom

yvelaze mZimed itanda tyveobis pirobebs. igi mZimed dasneulda cieb-cxelebiT, rac mis megobrebs Zlier aRonebda. igi Seudarebeli moTminebiT itanda yvela gaWirvebas, mag-ram TandaTan xelidan gvecleboda. erTi dominikaneli beri saukunis SesaniSnavi mkur-nali iyo da SeZlebisamebr didi mowyalebiT cdilobda mis gankurnebas. magram am ube-dur adgilas araferi moepoveboda avadmyofis dasaxmareblad. berebma meTvalyure Tur-qebs Txoves avadmyofisaTvis borkilebi moexsnaT, magram sanam es SeZles, mama judiCes mdgomareoba Zalze damZimda. megobarma berebma igi aziares da bednierad gavida am cxovrebidan.

sikvdilis win man mamebs patieba Txova, radgan man wamoiyvana isini am ubedurebaSi da igia maTi patimrobis mizezi. urCia, moTminebiT Seguebodnen monobas. Txova maT, yo-filiyvnen keTilni da ufali ar miatovebda maT, romlis saxelisaTvisac itanjebodnen.

amgvarad daasrula man Tavisi dReni. berebi juzepes cxedars anTebuli sanTlebiT xelSi gahyvnen abanos karamde. aqedan sxva monebma juzepes cxedari im mindorze mi-itanes, sadac Cveulebriv abanos sxva monebsac marxavdnen.

ase daasrula Tavisi sicocxle am keTilma RvTismsaxurma, romelmac mTeli cxov-reba mis samsaxurSi gaatara. Tumca sul avadmyofobda, arasodes ar wuwunebda. tansac-meli yovelTvis Raribuli ecva, WamaSi metad TavSekavebuli da marxulobis didi moy-varuli iyo... Tavisi keTili bunebis gamo yvelas uyvarda, gansakuTrebiT odiSis mTa-vars. roca man juzepes dapatimrebisa da sikvdilis ambavi gaigo, Zalian Sewuxda, rad-gan igi iyo mizezi misi romSi gamgzavrebisa. mTavari misi ganTavisuflebisaTvis nebis-mier sazRaurs gadaixdida.

am mamis sikvdilma mis or amxanags axali sadardebeli gauCina, radgan darCnen umegzurod mitovebulni da mijaWvulni.

maSin roca misionerebi TanamoZmis dakargvis gamo did mwuxarebas iyvnen micemul-ni, maTTan Tavisi TanamoazreebiTurT utifrad movida erTi mama, romelsac qristia-noba daegmo. isini mouwodebdnen mamebs, mietovebinaT qristes rjuli da gamahmadiane-

250

buliyvnen. arwmunebdnen maT, rom Tu ase ar moiqceodnen, maT arasodes gaaTavisufleb-dnen katarRebidan. marTalia, Tavdapirvelad xorcsa da suls erTad dakargavdnen, mag-ram droTa ganmavlobaSi RmerTTan saqmes moagvarebdnen.

rogorc Cvenebi, ise dominikaneli berebi am qristes mgmobels xelis kvriT iSo-rebdnen. ase rom mokle xanSi gairkva, rom yvela mzad iyo umal sicocxle daekarga, vidre uareyo qriste, romelmac Cveni gulisaTvis sakuTari sisxli daRvara.

amasobaSi TurqeTis flotis gasaZliereblad ramdenime katarRa moamzades. aSkara iyo, meniCbeTa Soris moxvdebodnen rogorc Cvenebi, ise dominikaneli berebic. SimSiliT rom ar momkvdariyvnen, don kaetanom maT orcxobilis maragi moumzada. Tavis mxriv mowyaleba gaiRo abanos mweralmac. amis Semdeg datyvevebul berebs TiTqmis ar vnaxu-lobdiT da daviwyeT maTi ganTavisuflebisaTvis zrunva. berebi darwmunebulebi iyvnen, rom maT meniCbeebad gagzavnidnen navsadguridan gamaval pirvelive katarRaze. maT ukve miaCndaT, rom yvelasagan mitovebulni iyvnen. veneciis bailos araferi SeeZlo, radgan misi respublika Turqebs eomeboda. sulTans igi Serisxuli hyavda da sakuTar reziden-ciaSi datyvevebuli. rezidencias ianiCrebi da gvardielebi icavdnen. rac Seexeba safrangeTis elCs, igi saidumlod yvelafer SesaZlebels akeTebda, magram gamoaSkara-veba ar undoda, raTa sulTani ar gaeRizianebina. amasTan, Turqebma Zalze gazardes ga-mosasyidi Tanxac. ise rom berebma yvelafris imedi dakarges.

ufalma uimedo SemTxvevaSic kargad icis imaTi daxmareba, visTvisac saWirod mi-iCnevs. man aqac monaxa es gza da male berebi yovelgvari sasyidelis gareSe ganTavi-sufldnen.

dominikel berebs Soris aRmoCnda erTi poloneli mama, romelic cnobili iyo Ta-visi RvTismosaobiT, aseve keTilSobiluri warmomavlobiT. konstantinepolSi myofma poloneTis mefis rezidentma, rogorc ki am poloneli mamis dapatimrebis ambavi gaigo, maSinve Seatyobina mefes da TviTon abanoSi wavida mis mosanaxuleblad. mas Zalze Se-ebrala jaWvebiT erTmaneTze monebiviT gadabmuli berebic. man gadawyvita yvela saSua-leba gamoeyenebina maT gasaTavisufleblad. mefisadmi miweril werilSi warmoudgina RvTis msaxurni, romelTac sakuTari samSoblo miatoves urjuloTa Soris qristia-nobis saqadageblad da Turqebis xelSi Cavardnen. acnobebda, rom maT Soris aris po-loneTis mefis qveSevrdomic da igi movalea, izrunos misi ganTavisuflebisaTvis.

mefe didi yuradRebiT gaecno am werils da saTanado zomebic miiRo. amisaTvis mefem Tavis elCs, romelsac portaSi unda gaevlo, ubrZana, yvela Rone exmara maT ga-saTavisufleblad. amasobaSi safrangeTis elCic dros ar kargavda. amitom roca po-loneTis elCi konstantinepolSi Cavida, frangebTan erTad saerTo mcdelobiT gatexa TurqTa sijiute da Tavisufleba moutana yvela mamas, rogorc Teatinelebs, aseve dominikanelebs. amis sanacvlod, poloneTis mefem ramdenime sapatio Turqi da TaTari gaaTavisufla, romlebic masTan tyved iyvnen.

Tavi XXXVI. ganTavisufldnen Tu ara mamebi, pirvelive gemiT samegrelosken gamoemarTnen: mama

don kaetano alesandrosTan erTad iyo morCili Zma kaTalio, romelmac anaforiT Se-mosvis Semdeg saxelad nikolo miiRo da konstantinepolSi imyofeboda. isini Cvens vaW-rebTan erTad gamoemgzavrnen, gzaze raime dabrkoleba rom ar SexvedrodaT TurqTagan. maT mefis rCeviT vezirisagan pasporti miiRes, romelSic igi adasturebda, rom isini berebi arian da midian eklesiis samsaxurSi dadianebis qveyanaSi. berebs sjerodaT, rom es mowmoba yovel SemTxvevaSi gamoadgebodaT. magram ufalma gadawyvita, rom axal mi-sionerebs axali tanjva unda gadaetanaT. don kaetano axali mowameobrivi gvirgvinis misaRebad emzadeboda.

yaramusaleSi1 im gemiT Cavidnen, romlis kapitans ak mamedi erqva. igi Cveni kargi megobari gamodga. Semdeg Turquli gemiT ganagrZes gza, romlis kapitani somexi renege-ti iyo. maT iRblianad imgzavres kafamde. qalaqi yofili feodosiis adgilzea gaSene-buli. marTalia, zRvaze gadarCnen, magram xmeleTze Zalian gawvaldnen. is iyo kafas navsadgurSi Sevidnen, rom somexi renegati pirdapir iqaur faSasTan mivida da moaxsena, rom mis gemze aris ramdenime qristiani mxatvari da urCia faSas isini maTive bargiT-urT cixeSi Caesva. faSam maSinve gemze razmi gagzavna da daavala gemzeve daepatimrebi-

1 qalaqi TurqeTSi, mcire aziis dasavleT mxares, marmarilos zRvis sanapiroze, izmiris yureSi.

251

naT isini da masTan bargianad mieyvanaT. faSam ikiTxa maTi vinaoba. Zma don kaetanom upasuxa, rom isini cudis gamkeTeblebi ar arian da odiSSi midian im eklesiebis mosam-saxureblad, romlebic am mxareSi aqvT. Sesabamisad amisa, Tan gvaqvs pirveli veziris nebarTva Cvens saqmianobasa da mogzaurobisaTviso.

amaze faSam upasuxa: me veziris qaRaldebi ar mWirdeba, radgan TiToeuli faSa Ta-vis provinciis patronia da SeuZlia yvelaferi ise gaakeTos, rogorc mas miaCnia da moswons. amas garda, isic kargad viciT, rom cud xalxsac SeuZlia fuliT SeiZinos as-eTi pasporti vezirisagan. aq xSirad CauvliaT veziris nebarTviT pirebs, romlebsac qristiani mefeebisagan sparseTis mefesTan, Cvens mterTan mihqondaT werilebi maTTan TanamSromlobisaTvis da Cvenda sazianod. amitom me mTeli gulmodginebiT unda gav-Cxriko mTeli Tqveni bargi da aRmovaCino, Tu migaqvT aseTi werili. Tu vipovne aseTi werili, Tqven Tavs an movakvlevineb, an gagaTurqebTo. amaze don kaetanom upasuxa: Se-giZliaT SeasruloT Tqveni gadawyvetileba. Cven ar gveSinia gaCxrekis, radgan papisagan mkacri brZaneba gvaqvs miRebuli, rom ar gaverioT araviTar politikur intrigaSi. Cveni amocana mxolod RvTis samsaxuria. Cvens bargSi msgavsi ram rom naxoT, SegiZliaT wamebiT amogvxadoT suli, magram qristes sarwmunoebas ar mivatovebTo.

faSam didi gulisyuriT maT winaSe gaaCxrekina berebis bargi, romelSic araferi iyo iseTi, rac mas eWvs aRuZravda. man berebs bargi daubruna da yvelani gaanTavisufla. amis Semdeg faSas dasaCuqreba iyo saWiro ormocdaaTi skudoTi, rac gaakeTes kidec.

amis Semdeg mamebi kafidan wamovidnen da 1647 wlis 6 agvistos, don kaetanos wmin-da dResaswaulis wina dRes odiSSi Camovidnen.

ase gadarCnen mamebi. magram codvis dambralebeli RvTis sasjels ver gadaurCa. Tavisi borotmoqmedebisaTvis man pasuxi ago Tavisi gemis damsxvreviTa da dakargviT. vinaidan masac odiSSi undoda gavla, kafadan gamosuli gemi Zlierma qariSxalma daamsxvria. man dakarga mTeli Tavisi qoneba da gaWirvebaSi mokvda.

es ambavi me ak mamedis ekipaJis wevrebma miambes, romlebic odiSSi vnaxe. swored maT miTxres, rom renegati somexi kapitnis brali iyo berebis wamebaca da cilis-wamebac.

axali mamebis Camosvlam eniTgamouTqmeli kmayofileba gamoiwvia CvenSi. jer imitom, rom mama don jovani batista monti da don jakomo antonio marci, romelTa Se-saxeb araferi vicodiT, ukve Tavisufalni iyvnen. gvixaroda imitomac, rom misions axa-li Zalebi Seemata, magram Cveni sixaruli xanmokle aRmoCnda, radgan samive dasneulda. jer mama don kaetano gardaicvala. mizezi maTi dasneulebisa iyo is, rom aseTi xan-grZlivi da damqancveli mogzaurobis Semdeg, odiSSi CamosvlisTanave zafxulis sic-xeSi dausveneblad Seudgnen misionis damRlel samuSaos, dadiodnen odiSis soflebSi da naTlavdnen. aseTi zafxuli ucxoelebisaTvis metad sazianoa. garda bavSvebis naT-lobisa, isini avadmyofebsac uvlidnen. Cven winaswar vurCevdiT maT daesvenaT, magram ise daavaddnen, rom sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi iwvnen loginSi, Tu logins davarqmevT... xa-liCasa da sabans. am qveynis logini Cveulebriv aseTia.

sakmaod Zneli iyo avadmyofebis movla, roca gvaklda saWiro nivTebi da wamali. wamlis uqonlobis gamo maT vexmarebodiT mxolod SembraleblobiT da gulmodgine-biT. ase gagrZelda daaxloebiT ori Tve. axlovdeboda mama don kaetanos sicocxlis ukanaskneli dReebi. mas mxolod is awuxebda, rom qristesaTvis ar mokles kafaSi Tur-qebma, rom ver moaswro daqancva qristes samsaxurSi. igi did siyvaruls amJRavnebda qristes mimarT. mas surda qristesaTvis jvarcmuli yofiliyo da loginSi ar momkvda-riyo. igi RmerTs Sestiroda: uwyi Sen RmerTo, rom me ukve viyavi amisTvis gamzadebu-li. ukve mivatove Cemi samSoblo, mSoblebi da megobrebi. TurqeTSi Cven tyveebad gvyid-dnen da sikvdiliTac gvemuqrebodnen. sxva araferi maklda, ufalo, Sen rom neba da-gerTo. me rom Sens megobrad CageTvale, damanebebdi momkvdariyavi, rogorc Sen mokvdi tanjvaSi. magram... vkvdebi... Cems sawolze. vexvevi uwmindes jvarcmas da am cxovrebidan gavdivar.

am mamebis Camosvlis Semdeg me italiidan wminda kongregaciis nebarTva miviRe dav-brunebuliyavi Cems samSobloSi amdeni tanjvis Semdeg. magram don kaetanos da sxvaTa sikvdilis Semdeg ar SemeZlo ase ucbad misionis mitoveba. sxva saWiroebebmac Tavi wa-moyo da me iZulebuli gavxdi momaval wlamde kidev davrCeniliyavi.

252

Tavi XXXVII. seqtemberSi, roca TurqeTis gemebi samegreloSi Semodian, zRvis sanapiroze gamoC-

nda mama Zma jovani da luka, dominikaneli, romelsac poloneTidan mefis1 werili mih-qonda sparseTis SahTan2. am mamam axali ambebi gvamcno. aRmoCnda, rom imave gemiT mas-Tan erTad Camovida erTi im mRvdelTagani, romelmac sxva berebTan erTad konstantine-polSi qristianoba uaryo. cnobis miRebisTanave me masTan gavgzavne xalxi Cemi weri-liT, romelSic vTxovdi, mosuliyo CemTan. me mas vpirdebodi, rom kargad miviRebdi. Cems xalxs davavale, rom Tu ar wamovidoda, ZaliT moeyvanaT. is Turqulad gamow-yobili movida. me igi didi siyvaruliT miviRe, rogorc ki SemeZlo. Semdeg movelapara-ke mas, raTa xelmeored damebrunebina eklesiis wiaRSi. misi darwmuneba advili gamod-ga, radgan igi Zalze nanobda daSvebul Secdomas. wifuriaSi, Cvens eklesiaSi Sevus-rule wirva da davgme misi Secodeba. Semdeg orivem xelmeored SemovuareT wminda ek-lesias da mas codvisaTvis epitimia davade. mas TurqeTze gavlis didi SiSi hqonda. igi CvenTan darCa mTeli weliwadi, mere gavgzavne sparseTiT indoeTSi, raTa am gziT gver-di aeqcia TurqTaAqveynisaTvis da italiaSi wasuliyo.

mis Semdeg odiSSi sparseTidan momavali erTi normandieli Camovida, saxelad mi-sio san jovani. rogorc is acxadebda, sparseTis SahTan molaparakebas awarmoebda frangi vaWrebis saxeliT, romlebsac savaWro saqonlis Semotana undodaT am mxareSi. amitom igi Seuamxanagda sparseTis erT elCs, romelsac Sahi dadianTan agzavnida da masTan erTad Camovida. odiSSi movida im ganzraxviT, rom aqedan konstantinepolSi gamgzavrebuliyo. me igi Cvens saxlSi moviwvie, raTaA mimeca saSualeba, wirva moesmina da wminda ziareba mieRo. man mopatiJeba miiRo da pirdapir CvenTan movida. me mas sac-xovreblad mivuCine erTi Cvenianis saxli, Cvens saxlTan axlos. igi xSirad modioda CvenTan sasaubrod, miuxedavad imisa, rom aRmosavluri enebi sasaubrod ar icoda; xSirad rCeboda sasadilod.

amasobaSi didi marxva dadga, romelsac megrelebi didi simkacriT icaven. marxvis dros igi metad samarcxvinod iqceoda, rac megrelebs Zalze Seuracxyofda. isini Cem-Tan movidnen da Sematyobines, rom misio jovani sruliad usircxvilod, sajarod, xorcs Wamda, yoveldRe sanadirod dadioda da bevr frinvels xocavda, sxvadasxvanai-rad azavebda da miirTmevda. Cven vusayvedureT amis gamo. is Tavs imarTlebda imiT, rom avadaa da uxorcod ar SeuZlia. magram, radgan igi sxvadasxva cxovelis xorciT ikvebe-boda, iseTiTac, romelic mas ufro vnebda, vidre sasargeblo iyo, Cven eWvi gagviCnda, rom is sarwmunoebaSic meryeobda. eWvebi kidev ufro gangvimtkicda, roca man erT dRes daitrabaxa, rom yvelaze didi eretikosis, SvedeTis mefis3 yofili jariskaci iyo.

meore SemTxvevam kidev ufro dagvarwmuna Cvens eWvebSi. sparseTidan sando pirebma Segvatyobines erTi franki wamebulis Sesaxeb. igi kaTolike iyo da sparseTis mefis me-saaTe. is amtkicebda, rom hugenoti4 iyo. erTxel ispahanSi am mesaaTes RamiT saxlSi Tavs daesxnen. man Tavis dasacavad SaSxanidan isrola da erTi Tavdamsxmeli mokla. sparseTis Sah sefis5 misi gamahmadianeba surda da gadawyvita am SemTxvevis gamoyeneba. Cadenili mkvlelobisaTvis is cixeSi Caagdo da SesTavaza, an sicocxle daetovebina, an gaTaTrebuliyo. mesaaTem upasuxa, rom aTas sicocxles dahkargavs, magram sarwmunoebas ara. es misi mtkice gadawyvetileba iyo. is mTeli Tve awames. am xnis ganmavlobaSa is yoveldRe did moedanze gahyavdaT, lanZRavdnen da Tavs uwmindurobebiT usvridnen xolme, Semdeg ukan mihyavdaT cixeSi. es imdenjer ganmeorda, rom erT dRes, roca Cveulebriv Suagul moedanze gamoiyvanes, man sajarod daiwyo mahmadis wyevla-krulva da misi mimdevrebic SeaCvena. Sahi sastikad gabrazda da brZana, xmliT Suaze gaexli-CaT, rac maSinve Seasrules. amis Semdeg misi gvami WuWyiT savse ormoSi Caagdes, saida-nac RamRamobiT elvareba amodioda, rac mis siwmindeze miuTiTebda. somxebma is didi pativiT daasaflaves. es faqti Cven somxebisagan gavigeT, romlebic ispaanidan6 Camovid-

1 es unda iyos poloneTis mefe vladislav IV (1632-1648 ww.). 1633-1634 wlebSi awarmoebda oms osmaleTTan. 2 igulisxmeba Sah-sefi (1629-1642 ww.). 3 unda igulisxmebodes SvedeTis mefe karl IX (1604-1611 ww.), protestantizmis Tavdadebuli damcveli da antikaTolike.

4 ase uwodebdnen frang protestantebs XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi. 5 Sah-abas I-is SviliSvili da misi Semcvleli Sahis taxtze. sparseTis Sahi 1629-1642 wlebSi. 6 igive ispahani, qalaqi Suagul iranSi, sparseTis dedaqalaqi sefianTa dinastiis xanaSi, XVI-XVIII sauku-neebSi.

253

nen. maTve dagvidastures, rom misio san jovanic hugenoti iyo. Cvenc male davrwmundiT amaSi. Tumca igi Zalze frTxilobda, magram erTxel, RviniT gaxurebuls, mainc wa-moscda. man ramdenjerme scada Cemi mokvla, magram mTavris SiSiT ver gabeda. amis Sem-deg man odiSidan wasvla moindoma, avida erT gemze da gaemgzavra. amovarda sastiki qariSxali. gemi iZulebuli iyo, CerqezeTis erTi yuresaTvis Seefarebina Tavi da napi-ridan erT milze reidze dadga. yvela mgzavri curviT gavida napirze, maT Soris misio jovanic, romelic imave RamiT mglebma SeWames.

cota xnis Semdeg odiSSi Camovida erTi milaneli renegati, saxelad alibegi. igi profesiiT eqimi iyo da Camovida, odiSis mTavris samsaxurSi rom damdgariyo. is jiu-tad idga Tavis axal rwmenaze da qristianobaSi dabruneba ar surda. male eqimi avad gaxda da mahmadianobaSi gardaicvala. mTavarma erT somex amiras ubrZana, is wifuriaSi, Cvens sasaflaoze daesaflavebina. mTavris azriT, radgan eqimi warmoSobiT qristiani da milaneli iyo, qristian italielebTan unda damarxuliyo. somexma es gvami ori dRis manZilze waiRo da Cvenc wagviyvana mTavris saxeliT, rom dagvemarxa. Cven vupa-suxeT, rom is mahmadianad mokvda da Cven mTavris im brZanebebs vasrulebT, romlebic RvTis kanonebs ar ewinaaRmdegeba. igi gvpasuxobda, italieli italielebma unda dam-marxono. mamebi ki miugebdnen, rom am SemTxvevaSi adamianebs rwmena ufro aerTianebT, vidre samSoblo. maSin, _ Tqva amiram, _ me ra vqna, cxedari sad davasaflavoo? wyalSi gadaagde aqve, axlos, _ upasuxes mamebma. amiram mainc Cvens sasaflaoze damarxa mTav-ris SiSis gamo. maSin gamoCnda RvTis neba. cota xanSi wyalma napiri moangria da cxe-dari waiRo.

Tavi XXXVIII. ori weli gavida, rac wminda kongregaciisagan nebarTva miviRe Cemi ukan dabrune-

bisa. vxedavdi, rom Cveni misionis saqme kargad midioda. axlad Camosuli mamebi ukve axerxebdnen am qveynis enaze laparaks. gadavwyvite, nebarTva gamomeyenebina da ukan dav-brunebuliyavi, rom iq movmkvdariyavi, sadac ufalma sarwmunoebaSi mimiRo.

gamoveTxove mTavars, avedi Turqul gemze, romelic yaramuxalze mihyavda erT so-mexs, saxelad aidinos. es moxda wm. lukas dRes, swored im dRes, roca cxrameti wlis win me neapolidan wamovedi.

odiSidan 1649 wlis 18 oqtombers gavemgzavre. or dReSi afxazeTis erT navsad-gurSi, soxumSi mivediT. mgzavrebis molodinSi gemebi aq pirvel noembramde Cerdebian. Semdeg yvela adis gemze, romelic ori dRis mgzavrobis Semdeg erT adgilze Cerdeba, sadac gemze mraval aTas bzis xes tvirTaven, romlis tyeebicaa afxazeTSi. amis Semdeg afrebi aRvmarTeT. hqroda zurgis qari da gvjeroda, rom aseT amindSi erT dRe-RameSi kafaSi viqnebodiT. moulodnelad RamiT zurgis qari pirqarma Secvala, romelmac gems afrebi dauxia da ukan dagvaxevina. zRva ise boboqrobda, rom mezRvaurebs cota ram Tu SeeZloT gaekeTebinaT. Rame Zalze Savi iyo. gadarCenis imedi mcire iyo. roca gemis an-Za gadatyda, panika daiwyo da yvelas, vinc gemze iyo (aq samasi kaci iyo), mwuxarebis xma aRmoxda. me Cemi suli ufals Sevavedre da vTqvi: `ufalo, Sens xelT vabareb Cems suls.~ ukve davrwmundi, rom gemi daimsxvra da talRebSi unda STanTqmuliyo. anZam sami yvelaze kargi mezRvauri gasrisa. gems win uZRvoda patara karWapi, romelSic er-Ti mezRvauri idga. roca mas gemidan sasowarkveTili yvirili moesma, ifiqra, gemi iZi-reba, amdeni xalxi Cems navze gadmovao, da najaxiT Tavi waacala erT mgzavrs, rome-lic mis navs ebRauWeboda. amis Semdeg es navi aRar dagvinaxavs da arc im mezRvauris Sesaxeb gagvigia rame.

kapitanma SemCnia, rom gemi ar damsxvreula da gadawyvita misi Semsubuqeba. zRvaSi gadayares kasrebi TafliT, sasmeli wyliT, Tokis tomrebi da sxva saqoneli. amasobaSi alionmac moaRwia, romelsac Cveulebriv qaris gaZliereba mohyveba xolme. amden Relva-Si gems mraval adgilas naxvretebi gauCnda. yvela Seudga gemidan wylis amoxapvas. ram-denadac Cqarobdnen amoxapvas, imdenad gemi nel-nela iZireboda wyalSi. gemSi wyali kacnaxevris simaRles aRwevda.

gaTenda, magram ar vicodiT, sad viyaviT. mTeli Rame qars vebrZodiT da wylisa da cis garda verafers vxedavdiT. amasobaSi zRva TandaTan dawynarda da zogierTi mTis

254

mwvervali gamoCnda. mwvervalebis mimarTulebiT xmeleTi iqneboda da Cvenc iqiT gave-marTeT. miwas rom mivuaxlovdiT, mezRvaurebma napiri icnes. es iyo CerqezeTi1.

axla axali SiSi gagviCnda. marTalia, zRvas gadavurCiT, magram CerqezeTSi SeiZ-leboda monobaSi CavvardniliyaviT, rac sikvdilze uaresi iyo. Cerqezebi Zalze velu-ri xalxia. yvela ucxoels, vinc maT xelSi CauvardebaT, monad aqceven da Seubraleb-lad amuSaveben autanel tanjvaSi. Tumca pirvelad araferi gvaxsovda zRvisagan Tavis daxsnis garda, arc vfiqrobdiT danarCenze. mTavari iyo, xmeleTamde migveRwia da pir-dapir misken gavemarTeT. mezRvaurebma SeamCnies, rom im adgilisaken mivemarTebodiT, sadac CerqezeTis wminda adgili iyo. isini aq salocavad modian da aq mosul ucxoe-lebs Zalian kargad iReben. es _ mdinaris erT napirze, meore napirze ki yvelas, vinc Tavisi gaufrTxileblobiT iq moxvdeboda, Seubraleblad monebad aqcevdnen.

am droisaTvis gemze ukve suli moviTqviT da cota gavmxiaruldiT. magram qari momZlavrda da isev zRvaSi migvaTrevda.

wyalSi rom ar davRupuliyaviT, gadavwyviteT, gemi rogorme xmeleTTan migveyene-bina, raTa rogorRac gadavrCeniliyaviT an monebad, an Tavisuflebad, rogorc ar unda yofiliyo. napirs rom mivuaxlovdiT, davinaxeT, rom is xalxiT iyo mofenili. xalxi Seyrili iyo napirze da uyurebda gems, romelic qariSxlisagan nagvemi da naxevrad damsxvreuli iyo. maTi mizani iyo gemidan nadavlis xelSi Cagdeba.

kapitanma gemidan gadasvla ar moisurva da napiridan sami milis daSorebiT CauSva Ruza. is akvirdeboda drosa da Cerqezebis ganwyobilebas. mezRvaurebi da mgzavrebi gadatanili gancdisagan cocxal-mkvdarni iyvnen. maT im wylis amoxapvac aRar SeeZloT, romelic gemSi grovdeboda. nawils surda, napirze gadasuliyo da cocxali gadar-Ceniliyo, radgan gems am mdgomareobaSi naosnobis gagrZeleba aRar SeeZlo. nawili ge-mis SekeTebas da gzis gagrZelebas moiTxovda. isini ambobdnen, Tavs cota Zala dava-tanoT, gemi SevakeToT, gza ganvagrZoT da Cerqezebs tyved ar CavuvardeTo.

gaimarjva am azrma da yvelam, sxvadasxva iaraRiTA da WurWliT SeiaraRebulebma, daviwyeT gemidan wylis amoxapva da xvrelebis amoqolva. gemma TandaTan zRvis donidan maRla amoiwia da xvrelebi amoiqola.

ukve mosaRamovda, roca zRva damSvidda da saimedo zurgis qari vigrZeniT. im Ra-mes samocdaaTi mili gaviareT da diliT riJraJze CerqezeTis kidev erT navsadgurTan aRmovCndiT, romelsac Turqebi limanjiks2, anu patara navsadgurs uwodeben. navsad-gurSi Sesvlisas gemis saWe wyalSi Cagvivarda da ar vicodiT, rogor mogveZebna. nav-sadgurSi dagvaklda sasmeli wyalic, radgan qariSxlis dros wyali kasrebiT zRvaSi gadavuSviT. karWapi aRar gagvaCnda. sasmeli wylis napiridan mosatanad mxolod erTi navi gvqonda, romliT motanili wyalic sakmarisi ar iyo.

am navsadgurSi rva dRe davrCiT. am xnis ganmavlobaSi napirze sul ori Cerqezi movida. isini yiddnen erTgvari gareuli jiSis saqonlis xorcs. is tyeSi binadrobs da irmistola Txas hgavs, misi xorci Zalian gemrielia. Cveni gemis Tarjimnis saSualebiT maT movelaparakeT da vkiTxeT, rogor SeiZleba mgzavroba xmeleTiT kafamde, radgan ukve zamTrdeba da am dros Savi zRva Zalze qariSxliani xdeba. maT gvipasuxes, rom es advili mosagvarebelia. Tu Sesafer safasurs gadaixdiT, Cveni batoni kafamde xalxs, cxenebs da fornebs mogcemTo. es yvelas misaReb pirobad mogveCvena. erTi Cerqezi gemze mZevlad davtoveT da meore ki mezRvaurTan erTad mTavarTan gavagzavneT fasze Sesa-Tanxmeblad. rva dRis ganmavlobaSi maTi wasvlidan napirze aravin gamoCenila. da ai, gamoCnda sami kaci, romlebic niSans iZleodnen. gavgzavneT Cveni navi, radgan mTavris gamogzavnilebi gvegona. navi napirisken wavida da im dros dabrunda, roca ukve bne-loda. moiyvanes umSvenieresi verZebi, romlebic menaves Zalze iafad eyida. vinaidan gemze xoragis nakleboba iyo da verZebi ki iafad iyideboda, TiToeulma gadawyvita meore diliT sayidlad wasvla. Cerqezma, romelic gemze mZevlad iyo datovebuli, mo-indoma maTTan erTad napirze gadasvla, im sababiT, rom Cerqezebi fasSi mogatyuebeno. kapitanma neba darTo da roca gemi napirs miadga, davinaxeT, rogor gamocvivda tyidan

1 igulisxmeba Crdilo-aRmosavleTi SavizRvispireTi, romelic im dros am miwa-wyalze Cerqezuli modgmis tomebis binadrobis gamo CerqezeTad iwodeboda.

2 es navsadguri unda yofiliyo Tanamdrove bavSvTa SavizRvispira dasavenebel banakis, limanCikis

midamoebSi, q. novorosiiskidan 30-ode km-Si (krasnodaris mxare, ruseTis federacia). `liman~ (liman) Turqulad niSnavs navsadgurs.

255

da buCqebidan samasamde cxenosani Cerqezi da sanapiroze utifrad daaWenebdnen cxenebs. navi dagvekarga, rasac gansakuTrebiT ganvicdidiT, radgan gemze sasmeli wyali Zalze cota gvqonda.

amasobaSi oTxi Tu eqvsi Cerqezi kapitanTan mosalaparakeblad movida. rogorc maT kapitans uTxres, maTma mTavarma gaigo, rom misi samTavros sanapiroze dgas damsxvreu-li gemi da mis dasapatroneblad movida. kanoniT mas ekuTvnis es gemi ekipaJiT, mgzavre-biTa da saqonliTurT.

kapitanma upasuxa, rom igi ar miscems arc gems, arc saqonels da arc mgzavrebs, magram Tavazianobis gamo mzad aris, daasaCuqros mTavari. bevri kamaTis Semdeg Cerqezi daTanxmda. molaparakeba xuT Tu eqvs dRes gagrZelda. bolos xuTas skudoze SeTan-xmdnen.

am xnis ganmavlobaSi gemze uwylobiT vitanjebodiT da bevri iZulebuli iyo, Taf-liT damtkbari zRvis wyali esva.

...Sobis wina Rames anatoliis1 q. sinopSi2 CavediT, romelic miTridates samefos3 yofili dedaqalaqia. gzaSi karWapi davkargeT. SuadRe iqneboda, roca navsadguris Se-sasvlels mivadeqiT. navsadguri xmeleTSia ASeWrili, oTxi milis sigrZeze zRvaSia ga-Wimuli. qalaqs orive mxridan zRva uvlis da metad mdidaria TevziT, puriT da xiliT, romelic wlis yovel dros uxvadaa. qalaqi savsea savaWroebiT da gemTmSenebeli osta-tebiT, romlebic maRalgverdebian gemebs ageben, aseve _ karWapebs sulTnis samsaxuri-saTvis. navsadgurSi Sesvla ver SevZeliT sawinaaRmdego qaris gamo. axlomaxlo arcer-Ti navi ar aRmoCnda, rom Sig navsadgurSi SeveyvaneT. ukarWapoba Zalze gviSlida xels. verc navsadgurs vacnobeT Cveni mosvlis Sesaxeb da verc navsadgurSi mdgom gemebs Se-vatyobineT, rom dagvxmarebodnen. gvindoda niSnis micema yumbaris gasroliT, magram Tofis wamali imdenad iyo dasvelebuli, rom ar feTqdeboda.

am dros mopirdapire patara mTaze ramdenime mwyemsi davinaxeT, romlebic TavianT faras aZovebdnen. gemze yvelani avyvirdiT. maT gaigones Cveni yvirili da Seatyobines qalaqs, navsadguris SemosasvlelSi qariSxlis mier damsxvreuli gemi dgas da daxmare-bas moiTxovso. Cvens gemTan ori didi gemi mocurda, romelmac ormocdaaTi mgzavri aiyvana. maTi daxmarebiT SemovediT navsadgurSi da davdeqiT.

me davumegobrdi erT menaves da vTxove, CemTvis sastumro moenaxa. Zalze Sewuxe-buls da mgzavrobiT gadaRlils msurda, es zamTari am qalaqSi gametarebina. man erTi berZeni mRvdeli momiZebna, romelmac macnoba, rom siamovnebiT mimiRebda Tavis saxlSi.

Tan maxlda Cemi mosamsaxure, guruli ymawvili, saxelad jovani. igi bavSvobidan Cven aRvzardeT, kargi kaTolike dadga da Zalian kargad icoda italiuri ena. magram amdeni qariSxlisa da tanjvisgan es sawyali avad gamixda. ar mindoda, igi gemze dame-tovebina. xelze ayvanili gadmoviyvane gemidan da mRvdlis saxlSi moviyvane. man Zalian didi TavazianobiT mimiRo da erT xans Zalian kargad viyaviT. ramdenime dRis Semdeg jovanis avadmyofoba daumZimda, bodavda, mTel Rames yviroda. Cemi maspinZeli rom ar Semewuxebina, erT pawia oTaxSi gadavedi. xalxs egona, rom mas gadamdebi avadmyofoba sWirda da mec da avadmyofic SegviZules. ase, rom, veravin gamovnaxe avadmyofis mom-vlelad da Cems mosamsaxured. jovanis mTeli avadmyofobis ganmavlobaSi iZulebuli viyavi, me TviTon movxmarebodi Cems Tavs. es ise mZime ar iqneboda, RamiT mainc rom da-mesvena, magram avadmyofi mTeli Rameebi yviroda. misi mdgomareoba sul ufro da ufro gauaresda. erT dRes movaxerxe, gamesufTavebina da wesrigSi moviyvane, ziareba vaT-qmevine da wm. epifanis [dRis] wina Rames gardaicvala.

radgan Cveni gemi, romliTac aq Camovedi, mTlianad damsxvreuli iyo da mis Seke-Tebas didi dro dasWirdeboda, me meore gemi movnaxe. daaxloebiT Sua marxvaSi avedi masze da konstantinepolisaken gavemgzavre. oTxi dRis Semdeg zRvaze qariSxali amo-varda da Cven Tavi SevafareT erT navsadgurs qalaq mastraSi4. am qalaqis garSemo min-

1 dRevandeli TurqeTis aziuri nawilis ZiriTadi teritoria. 2 qalaqi-navsadguri Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiroze. mTavari sadguri konstantinepolsa da trapezunts So-ris sazRvao gzaze.

3 igulisxmeba pontos samefo (Zv. w. IV-I ss-Si), romlis bolo mefe iyo saxelganTqmuli miTridate VI (Zv. w. 121-63 ww.) evpatorad wodebuli. lambertsac, ueWvelia, swored es miTridate hyavs mxedvelobaSi.

4 patara qlaq-navsadguri Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiroze, Tanamdrove patara Turquli kororti amasra. an-tikur xanaSi warmoadgenda didebul qalaqs. ewoda amastrisi (berZ.) paflagoniis dedoflis saxelis mi-xedviT. erTxans flobdnen genuelebi. 1460 wels daipyro osmaleTma.

256

dvrebi mofenilia damuSavebuli marmarilos namsxvrevebiT. gansakuTrebiT mravladaa Zirs dacemuli svetebi, romelTac glexebi Robeebad iyeneben TavianTi naTesebis gasa-mijnad. aq, am mindvrebSi, aramarto marmarilos svetebs naxavs kaci, aramed bevr dan-greul brwyinvale nagebobasac, saidanac Cans, rom warsulSi aq didi qalaqi yofila.

dro SevarCieT, ialqnebi gavSaleT da konstantinepolisaken gavemarTeT, sadac uwmindesi xarebis dRes, 25 marts movediT. am qalaqidan wasvla aRdgoma dRes mindoda. asec movurigdi inglisur gems, romelic gasasvlelad iyo gamzadebuli. magram wminda SabaTs konstantinepolSi cnoba movida, rom dardanelSi veneciis floti gamoCnda. gem-ma wasasvleli nebarTva ver miiRo da amitom iZulebuli viyavi, konstantinepolSi dav-rCeniliyavi 1650 wlis sam agvistomde. gemze Cemi Tanamgzavrebi iyvnen keTilSobili pi-rebi, mamebi nikolino bazeli da sinior jovani sorgo (raguzis elCi). maT aramarto didi TavazianobiT mimiRes Tavis wreSi, aramed am xangrZlivi mogzaurobis dros maT-Tan erTad vsadilobdi da Ramec maT karavSi meZina. raguzaSi1, sadac ormoci dRe ka-rantinSi viyavi, maT didi pativi damdes, miuxedavad imisa, rom ar vimsaxurebdi. dav-sxediT gemze, romelic ankonaSi2 midioda. maT didi saCuqrebiT gagvaciles. ase, rom, maTma Tavazianobam me marTlac damaviwya xangrZlivi da damqancveli mgzavrobisas gan-vlili tanjva.

raguzidan ankonaSi gavlisas xelaxla vnaxe wm. lorencos taZari.3 kargi iqneboda, rogorc aRmosavleTSi Cemi pirveli gamgzavrebisas, wavsuliyavi nazareTSi4, galile-aSi5, damekocna is wminda miwa, saidanac macxovari lorencoSi gadavida. aseve, dasav-leTSi dabrunebisas, xelaxla menaxa es uwmindesi saxli da madloba gadamexada uwmin-desi RvTismSoblisaTvis, rom mTeli Cemi xangrZlivi mogzaurobis Semdeg janmrTelad gadavrCi da oci wlis Semdeg samSobloSi davbrundi.

bibliografia

1. arqanjelo lamberti, samegrelos aRwera (Tbilisi, 2011). 2. batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, teqsti

dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier (Tbilisi, 1973). 3. p. gabisonia, walenjixis monastris istoriidan, saqarTvelos Sua saukuneebis isto-

riis sakiTxebi, IX (Tbilisi, 2008). 4. don kristoforo kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, teqsti gaSifra,

Targmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo beJan giorgaZem (Tbilisi, 1976). 5. don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII saukune), Sesavali, Targmani da

komentarebi beJan giorgaZisa (Tbilisi, 1977). 6. don juzepe judiCe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze (XVII saukune), italiuridan

Targmna, winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo beJan giorgaZem (Tbilisi, 1964). 7. m. TamaraSvili, istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris (Tbilisi, 1902). 8. m. TamaraSvili, qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, redaqcia gaukeTes, winasityva

daurTes da gamosacemad moamzades z. aleqsiZem da j. odiSelma (Tbilisi, 1995). 9. m. rexviaSvili, imereTis samefo (1462-1810) (Tbilisi, 1989). 10. Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Римско-католическая миссия и Грузия, ч. 1, Из истории взаимоотно-

шений папства и миссионеров с Картлийско-Кахетинским царством и Крымским ханством. Горийские миссии (конец XVI и 20-30-е годы XVII столетия) (Тбилиси, 1994).

1 qalaqi siciliis samxreTSi. provincia raguzas dedaqalaqi. 2 qalaqi-navsadguri Sua italiaSi, adriatikis zRvis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi navsadguri. 3 albaT igulisxmeba q. romis wm. lorencos taZari (San Lorenzo fuori le Mura), sadac 1374-1847 ww. hqonda kaTedra ierusalimis laTinTa patriarqs da warmoadgenda romis mTavari Svidi sapiligrimo taZridan erT-erTs.

4 qalaqi galileis mxareSi (CrdiloeTi israeli). aq gautarebia yrmobisa da axalgazrdobis wlebi ieso qristes. amitom ieso nazarevelsac uwodebdnen.

5 istoriuli mxare CrdiloeT israelSi. galileadan iyvnen qristes mociqulTa umetesoba.

257

DAVID MERKVILADZE, PAPUNA GABISONIA Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology,

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

“THE HOLY COLCHIS” OF ARCHANGELO LAMBERTI

In the personal archive of former research fellow of Iv. Javaxishvili Institute of History and Ethnology at

present deceased Tamaz Beradze, we found the Georgian incomplete translation of Archangelo Lamberti’s work _ “The Holy Colchis”. As we ascertained, on the translation of the text has been worked B. Giorgadze about 30 years ego. In a big probability it`s possible pressent translation belongs to him. It is unknown how it appeared among the T. Beradze’s manuscripts.

Archangelo Lamberti was a member of Theatin Catholic Order, a monk from Naples, who was sent in Georgia according the decision of Pope Urban VIII by The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) to-gether with another missioner Giuseppe Judiche in 1631 to spread Catholic faith. For this mission he arrived in Kartli and met Georgian king Teimuraz the first near the town Gori. About two years later Lamberti together with Judiche moved to Odishi, where the missioners continued their activities under the protection of influential prince of Odishi, Levan II Dadiani (1611-1657). Lamberti generally lived in Georgia for 18 years.

Lamberti was a witnessed of many important events. After returning to his homeland, he published the book “Description of Mengrelia” in Italian in the Naples in 1654. “The Holy Colchis” (`Colchide Sacra~) is the second work of Archangelo Lamberti about Georgia. The Theatin missioner also published it in Naples a bit later, in 1657. The book describes the history of the Theatin mission’s activities in Georgia during the 1631-1649.

There are a lot of interesting information about Caucasus, Ottoman Empire and Persia. Therefore “The Holy Colchis” of Archangelo Lamberti is important historical source for the first half of 17th century Georgia and Middle East social, political and economical history.

The translation needed stylistic and spelling correction. We added also some notes and commentaries to the text. As we still had no possibility to compare the translation to its Italian original, the publication may not be able to avoid some of the gaps, we in advance apologize to our readers because of it.

Thus, we present to the scientific community the second part of Georgian translation of the work of Archangelo Lamberti - “The Holy Colchis”. It includes XXVI-XXXVIII chapters of the work, in which Lamberti basically describes the time of his activities in principality of Samegrelo (in the West Georgia) including his returning in Italy. It is the first publication of the mentioned work in Georgian.