Primary Laws and Regulations Study Guide for these Core Examinations:
• QualifiedApplicatorCertificate
• QualifiedApplicatorLicense
• PestControlAircraftPilotCertificate
• AgriculturalPestControlAdviserLicense
• PestControlDealerDesignatedAgentLicense
Second Edition 2011
ThisguidewaspublishedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentofPesticideRegulation
PestManagementandLicensingBranchLicensingandCertificationProgram
1001IStreet,P.O.Box4015Sacramento,CA95812-4015
Phone:[email protected]
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/license/liccert.htm
PublicationNumber:626(Revised2011)
Toorderthisstudyguide,contact:DepartmentofPesticideRegulation
Attention:CashierP.O.Box4015
Sacramento,CA95812-4015(916)323-3885
ItcanbedownloadedasaPDFfilefromtheDepartmentofPesticideRegulationwebsite:http://www.cdpr.ca.gov
Thisstudyguidemaybereproducedordistributedwithoutpermissionexceptforprofit-makingpurposes.
Thisstudyguideisprintedonrecycledpaper.
TheLicensingandCertificationProgramoftheDepartmentofPesticideRegulationrevisedthisstudyguide.
PrincipleLicensingandCertificationProgramcoordinatorandeditor:AdolfoR.Gallo.
ThefollowingDPRstaffprovidedvaluableinput,reviews,andcomments:VicAcosta,Enforcement Branch
LaurieBrajkovich,Pest Management & Licensing BranchHarvardFong,Worker Health & Safety Branch
RoyHirose,Enforcement BranchRachelKubiak,Pesticide Registration Branch
BelindaMessenger,Pest Management & Licensing BranchPoloMoreno,Pest Management & Licensing BranchMarkPepple,Environmental Monitoring Branch
MargieRead,Pest Management & Licensing BranchNanSinghasemanon,Environmental Monitoring Branch
JimWalsh,Enforcement BranchSusanWilson,Product Compliance Branch
Specialthanks:ValerieRuvalcaba,Pest Management & Licensing Branch,fortypingnumerousdrafts
Photographsby:JackKellyClark,Courtesy,UCStatewideIPMProgram
MISSIONDPR’smissionistoprotecthumanhealthandtheenvironmentbyregulatingpesticidesalesanduseandbyfosteringreduced-riskpestmanagement.DPR’sstrictoversightbeginswithpesticideproductevaluationandregistrationandcontinuesthroughstatewidelicensingofcommercialapplicators,dealers,consultants,andotherpesticideprofessionals;evaluationofhealthimpactsofpesticidesthroughillnesssurveillanceandriskassessment;environmentalmonitoringofair,water,andsoil;fieldenforcement(withthecountyagriculturalcommissioners)oflawsregulatingpesticideuse;residuetestingoffreshproduce;andencouragingdevelopmentandadoptionofleast-toxicpestmanagementpracticesthroughincentivesandgrants.DPRisoneoffiveboardsanddepart-mentswithintheCaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.
PestManagementandLicensingBranchCertificationandLicensingProgram
(916)445-4038
EnforcementBranch(916)324-4100
CountyAgriculturalCommissionerDirectoryAvailableintheEnforcementBranchPrograminformationattheDPRwebsite:
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov
ENFORCEMENTREGIONALOFFICESNorthernRegionalOffice(West Sacramento)
(916)376-8960
CentralRegionalOffice(Fresno)(559)243-8111
SouthernRegionalOffice(Anaheim)(714)279-7690
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 2
PESTICIDE REGULATORY AGENCIES—BROAD OVERVIEW 2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 2
Certification of Pesticide Applicators 2
Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) 4
California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) 4
University of California, Davis, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program (UC IPM) 4
Department of Public Health, (DPH), Division of Communicable Disease Control, Vector-Borne Diseases Section 4
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) 5
CALIFORNIA CERTIFICATION AND LICENSING 5
Commercial Applicator and Pest Control Adviser 5
Private Applicator Certificate 5
Laws and Regulations 6
How to Use This Study Guide 7
REVIEW QUESTIONS 7
CHAPTER 1—Pesticide Registration and the Label 9
PESTICIDE PRODUCTION REGISTRATION 10
Pesticide Use Classification: General Use, Restricted Use, and Restricted Materials 10
State Pesticide Product Registration and Accepted Labeling 10
Product That Is No Longer Registered 11
Amending the Registered Label 11
TYPES OF PESTICIDE REGISTRATIONS 11
Registration of Pesticides (section 3) 12
Exemption of Federal and State Agencies (section 18) 12
Authority of States (section 24) 13
Research Authorizations 13
PESTICIDE LABELING 16Explanation of the Terms: Label, Supplemental Labeling, and Labeling 16
When to Read the Pesticide Label 16 The Information Provided in Pesticide Labeling 17
DEVIATIONS FROM LABEL DIRECTIONS 20
Decrease in rate per unit treated 20
Decrease in the concentration of the mixture applied 20
Increase in concentration as long as it corresponds with published recommendations of the University of California 20
Application at a frequency less than specified 20
Use to control a target pest not on the label when the commodity or site is on the label and use against an unnamed pest is not expressly prohibited 21
Use of any method of application not prohibited, provided other label directions are followed 21Tank-mixing with another pesticide
I I • TABLE OF CONTENTS
or fertilizer, unless prohibited 21
Exceptions to or substitutions for personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements 21
REVIEW QUESTIONS 23
CHAPTER 2—Restricted Materials 25
FEDERAL RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES 26
CALIFORNIA RESTRICTED MATERIALS 26
Supervision Standards for Certified Applicators 27
Restricted Material Use Permit 27
Alternatives and Mitigation Measures 28
Non-Agricultural Restricted Material Use Permit 28
Agricultural Restricted Material Use Permit 29
Restricted Material Permit Evaluation 29
Notice of Intent 30
Restricted Material Use Permit Duration 31
Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) Leaflets 31
Generalized Effects 31
Use Requirements 31
Pest Control Dealer Responsibility 31
Exempt Materials 31
Refusal, Suspension, or Revocation of a Restricted Materials Permit 31
REVIEW QUESTIONS 33
Chapter 3—Certification & Licensing 35
GENERAL CERTIFICATION AND LICENSING REQUIREMENTS 36
TABLE OF CONTENTS • I I I
Initial Application 36
Renewal Application 36
Late Renewal Submission Penalty Fee 36
Expired Certificate and License 36
Failure to Meet the Renewal Requirements 36
Registration with the County Agricultural Commissioner 37 Grounds for Denying, Revoking, or Suspending any DPR Certificate or License 37
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS for INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATES and LICENSES 37
Applicator Certificates and Licenses 37
Qualified Applicator Certificate 38
Qualified Applicator License 38
Pest Control Aircraft Pilot Certificate – (PCAPC) 40
Non-Applicator Licenses 41
Agricultural Pest Control Adviser License 41
Pest Control Dealer Designated Agent License 43
Pesticide Broker Licensing 44
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BUSINESS LICENSES 44
Pest Control Business License 44
No Fee Pest Control Business License 45
Maintenance Gardener PestControl Business License 45
Pest Control Dealer License 49
Pest Control Dealer Supervision— Designated Agent 49
REVIEW QUESTIONS 54
IV • TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4—Standards of Care 57
STANDARDS OF CARE 58
Applicator Responsibilities 58
Pesticide Storage, Transportation, and Disposal 60
Pesticide Bag Disposal Requirements 62
REVIEW QUESTIONS 65
CHAPTER 5—Pesticide Handler Safety 67
PESTICIDE HANDLER WORKER SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 68
Employer/Employee Responsibilities 68
Hazard Communication Information for the Handler Employee 68
Application Specific Information for the Handler Employee 69
Handler Employee Training Requirements 69
Employee Medical Requirement 71
Working Alone 72
Change and Decontamination Facilities 73
Personal Protective Equipment 74
Chemical-Resistant Protective Clothing 75
Respiratory Protection 76
Personal Protective Equipment Exceptions and Substitutions 77 Work Placement Requirements 78
REVIEW QUESTIONS 81
CHAPTER 6—Field Worker Safety 83
FIELD WORKER PESTICIDE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 84
Field Worker Training 84
Hazard Communication for Field Workers 85
TABLE OF CONTENTS • V
Employer Responsibilities 86 Application-Specific Information 86
Field Work During Pesticide Application 86
Greenhouse Ventilation Criteria 87
Emergency Medical Care 87
Field Worker Decontamination Facilities 87
Restricted-Entry Intervals 88
Field Reentry After Pesticide Application 88
Restricted-Entry Interval Adjustments 89
Shortening the Restricted-Entry Interval 89
Requirements for Early-Entry Field Workers 90
Warning and Posting Requirements 91
Warning Signs 91
REVIEW QUESTIONS 93
CHAPTER 7—Fumigation Handler Worker Safety 95
GENERAL FUMIGATION HANDLER SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 96
General Fumigation—Safe Use Requirements 96
Accident Response Plan 96
Fumigation of Enclosed Spaces 96 Warning Signs 97
REVIEW QUESTIONS 98
CHAPTER 8—Pesticide Residue 99
PESTICIDE RESIDUE 100
Monitoring for Pesticide Residues 100
Sampling for Residues 100
VI • TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pesticide Residue Tolerances 100
REVIEW QUESTIONS 102
CHAPTER 9—The Endangered Species Act, The Healthy Schools Act, and Ground And Surface Water Protection 103
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT 104
U.S. EPA Responsibilities 104
Endangered Species Protection Program 104
California State Plan 104
THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT 105
Requirements for Pest Control Businesses 105
Requirements for Schools and Child Care Facilities 106
DPR School Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program 106
GROUND WATER PROTECTION 106
Ground Water Protection Area 106
Use Requirements and Restrictions 107
SURFACE WATER PROTECTION 107
Dormant Insecticide Contamination Prevention 107
REVIEW QUESTIONS 109
CHAPTER 10—Minimal Exposure Pesticides 111
MINIMAL EXPOSURE PESTICIDE USE REQUIREMENTS 112
Conditions of Use 112
MinimalExposurePesticide Safety Requirements 112
Change Area 113
Decontamination Facilities 113
Work Coveralls 113 Full-Body Chemical-Resistant Protective Clothing 113
TABLE OF CONTENTS • VII
Closed Systems 113
Respiratory Protection 113
REVIEW QUESTIONS 114
ANSWER SHEET for REVIEW QUESTIONS 115
Glossary 117
VIII • TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 2
PESTICIDE REGULATORY AGENCIES— BROAD OVERVIEW 2
CALIFORNIA CERTIFICATION AND LICENSING 5
REVIEW QUESTIONS 7
LAWSANDREGULATIONS
TheStateofCaliforniahasmanycomplexlawsandregulationscover-ingpesticidesandpestcontrol.Writtenprimarilytoaddressvariousconcernsoverpesticideregistration,sale,anduseactivitiesinpestcontrolsettingsuniquetoCalifornia,theyalsoincorporatetherequirementsinfederalpesticidelawsandregulations.TheState’spesticideuselawsareintheCaliforniaFoodandAgriculturalCode(FAC)Divisions6,7,and13;theregulationsareinTitle3,Cali-forniaCodeofRegulations(3CCR)Division6.Thelawsandregulationsincludetherequirementsthatcovercertificationandlicensingofindividu-alswhomakeagriculturaluserecom-mendationsandhandlepesticidesintheworkplace,aswellasthelicensingofpestcontroldealersandpestcon-trolbusinesses.
PESTICIDEREGULATORYAGENCIES—BROADOVERVIEW
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).U.S.EPAregulatesallaspectsofpesticideregistration,sale,anduseatthefederallevelthroughthelawsintheFederalIn-secticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct(FIFRA)andtheregulationsintheCodeofFederalRegulations,Title40(40CFR).Inadditiontoregister-ingallpesticideproductsbeforetheyaresold,heldforsale,orotherwise
2 • INTRODUCTION
distributedincommerce,U.S.EPAoverseesandreviewsstateregulatoryprogramsforcompliancewithfederalrequirements,includingthefederalWorkerProtectionStandard.Thevari-ousstates’regulatoryprogramsmayincludethesesub-programs:• CertificationandTraining• EnforcementandCompliance• WorkerHealthandSafety,and• EnvironmentalMonitoring
andProtection.
Certification of Pesticide Applicators.U.S.EPArequiresStatestocertifyindividualsthatareprivateorcommercialpesticideapplicatorsthatuseorsupervisetheuseoffeder-alrestrictedusepesticides.Generally,DPRrequiresthatindividualspossessapplicatorcertificationwhenusingorsupervisingtheuseofCaliforniarestrictedmaterials,whichincludefederalrestrictedusepesticidesandcertainotherpesticides.Supervisingmeansexercisingcontroloveranapplicatorthatisorisnotacertifiedapplicator.Therearemoredetailslaterinthisstudyguideregardingcertificationofapplicatorsthatmakepesticideapplicationsforhirewhenworkingunderapestcontrolbusi-nesslicense.Applicantsforcertificationmust
demonstratecompetenceintheuseandhandlingofpesticidesbypassingcertificationexaminations.StatesmustdesignateaStateLeadAgencywiththelegalauthoritytoimplementthestate-widepesticideregulatory
INTRODUCTION • 3
program,withaspecialemphasisplacedonthepesticideapplicatorcertificationrequirements,plushavethelegalauthoritytoenforcealloftheotheraspectsofpesticidesalesanduse.Tomeetfederalrequire-mentseachstatepesticideregulatoryprogrammustincludeatminimum,thesesixcomponents:
1.State-grantedlegalauthoritytocarryoutapesticideregulatoryprogram
2.Provisionsoflegalprocessesfordenying,suspending,andrevok-ingapplicatorcertificationandforassessingcriminalandorcivilpenaltiesforviolations
3.Provisionsforlegalreviewofanapplicator’scertificationtodeter-mineifsuspensionorrevocationisappropriateafterafederalorstateenforcementaction
4.Provisionsforright-of-entrybyStatepersonnelatreasonabletimestosample,inspect,and
SIDEBAR1
The Purposes of Pesticide and Pest Control Laws and Regulations
The purposes of the laws in the California Food and Agricultural Code and regulations in Title 3 of the California Code of Regula-tions are to:
1. Provide for the proper, safe, and effective use of pesticides used in the production of food and fiber and the protection of public health and safety
2. Protect the environment from environmentally harmful pesticides by prohibiting, regulating, or controlling their uses
3. Assure that agricultural and pest control workers have safe working conditions where pesticides are present
4. Authorize pest control and make sure that it is done by competent, responsible licensees and permittees under strict control of DPR and the county agricultural commissioners
5. Assure applicators, consumers, and other users that the pesticides they use are properly labeled and are appropriate for the uses designated on the label, and
6. Encourage the development and implementation of integrated pest management systems, stressing the integration of biological and cultural pest control techniques with the use of selective pesticides, when these are neces-sary, to achieve acceptable levels of control with the least possible harm to non-target organisms and the environment.
observeanyactionsandactivitiesrelatedtopesticideuseandpestcontrol
5.Provisionslegallyrequiringapplicatorstopossesscertificationtouserestrictedusepesticidesorsupervisenon-certifiedapplicatorsusingrestrictedusepesticides,and
6.Provisionsrequiringcertifiedcommercialapplicatorstorecordpesticideuseandmaintainpesti-cideuserecordsfortwoyears,andtomakethemreadilyavailabletoStateregulatorypersonnel.
Ingeneral,thesefederalrequire-mentsforastatepesticideregulatoryprogramdealwiththesaleanduseofrestrictedusepesticides.California’sregulatoryprogramgoesmuchfurtherinaddressingthesaleanduseofallpesticides,thosethataredesignatedasCaliforniarestrictedmaterialswhichincludefederalrestrictedusepesticidesandthosethataredesignatedasState/federalgeneralusepesticides.
Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR).DPRistheStateLeadAgencyfordevelopingandimplementingastatewidepesticideregulatorypro-gram.DPRisresponsibleforregulat-ingallaspectsofpesticidesalesandusetoprotectpublichealthandtheenvironmentfromknownadverseeffectsthatmightoccurfromthelegaluseofpesticides.Thisincludescertify-ingandlicensingindividualsandbusinessesthatworkintheagricultur-alandnon-agriculturalpesticideandpestcontrolindustries,andenforcingpesticidelawsandregulations.WithinDPR,theStructuralPestControlBoard(SPCB)certifiesstructuralpestcontrolapplicatorsandlicensesstructuralpestcontrolbusinesses,andconductscertaintypesoffieldenforce-mentofstructuralpestcontrollawsandregulations.
4 • INTRODUCTION
DPRalsoworkswithanumberofCooperatingAgenciesinCaliforniatoimplementtheState’svariouscertificationandtrainingprograms,enforcementprograms,andotherprogramsthatmakeupthetotalStatepesticideregulatoryprogram.ThefollowingaretheCooperatingAgencieswithabriefdescriptionoftheirroles:
California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) throughtheCounty Agricultural Com-missioners (CAC):Certifyprivatepesticideapplicatorsandconductlocalenforcementofpesticideuselawsandregulationsinagricultural,residential,non-agriculturalandstructuralpestcontrolsettings.
University of California, Davis, Statewide Integrated Pest Manage-ment Program (UC IPM):DPRcontractswithUCIPMtodeveloppesticideapplicatorcertificationandtrainingstudyguidesandprograms,examinationquestions,pestcontrolguidelines,andotherpestcontrolinformation.
Department of Public Health (DPH), Division of Communicable Disease Control, Vector-Borne Diseases Section:Certifyvectorpestcontrolpesticide
applicatorsanddevelopvectorpestcontrolstudyguides.
Foradviceonthecertificateorlicenseyouwillneed,contact:
DPRLicensingandCertificationProgram(916)445-4038http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/
SPCBLicensing(916)561-8704http://www.pestboard.ca.gov/
INTRODUCTION • 5
DPHCertificationCoordinatorhttp://www.cdph.ca.gov/(916)552-9730
U.S. Food and Drug Administra-tion (U.S. FDA) Althoughnotastatecooperating
agency,theU.S.FDAcontractswithDPRtogatherproducesamplesfrommarketplacesandassistwithinvestigationsofincidentsinwhichpesticideresiduelevelsexceedtheallowedtolerancelevelsonfood.TheU.S.FDAisresponsibleforenforcingpesticideresiduetoler-ancesonfoodshippedininterstatecommerce.Aspartoftheseactivities,U.S.FDAregulatespesticideresiduelevelsindomesticallyproducedandimportedfoods.
CALIFORNIACERTIFICATIONANDLICENSING
Commercial Applicator and Pest Control Adviser.Youmustpassacoreexaminationandatleastonepestcontrolcategorytoholdthefollowingcommercialpesticideap-plicatorcertificates/licenses:• QualifiedApplicatorCertificate
(QAC)• QualifiedApplicatorLicense
(QAL)• PestControlAircraftPilot
Certificate(PCAPC),andThefollowingnon-applicatorlicense:• AgriculturalPestControl
Adviser(PCA)license.
Theseindividualcertificatesandlicensesrequireindividualstopassacoreexaminationtodemonstrateaminimumstandardofknowledgeandcompetencyrelatedtopesticidesandpesticideuseandsales.Thecoreexaminationincludesasectiononpesticidelawsandregulations.Thisstudyguideiswrittentohelpthose
individualsinpreparingforthelawsandregulationsportionofthecoreexamination.Thismanualdoesnotcontainthecompletetextofthesec-tionswithintheFACor3CCRascitedabove,itisnotacomplianceassistancemanual.Thisstudyguideisintendedonly
tohelpindividualsprepareforDPRcertificationandlicensingexamina-tions,andassuchitidentifiesandexplainsthegeneralrequirementsintheselawsandregulations.Thecoreexaminationcoversthelawsandregulationsaffectingpesticidesandpestcontrol,andthebasicprinciplesofsafeandeffectivepestcontrol.Youshouldusethisstudyguidetoprepareforthelawsandregulationsportionofthecoreexamination.Toprepareforthebasicprinciplesofsafeandeffectivepesticidecontrolportionofthecoreexamination,youshouldstudytheUCIPMpubli-cation,“TheSafeandEffectiveUseofPesticides”.Thepestcontrolcategoryexami-
nationisspecifictothetypeofpestcontrolactivitiesrelativetoyourcer-tificationorlicensing.Toprepareforthepestcontrolcategoryexamina-tionsthereareotherstudymaterialsthatyoucanstudy.Youmightneedtopassmorethanonecategory-specificexamination,dependingonthescopeofworkyouplantodo.DPRPestManagementandLicensingBranchdevelopsandgivestheseexaminations,andissuesthecertifi-cationsandlicenses.ToobtainthePestControlDealer
DesignatedAgent(DA)licensere-quiresonlyoneexaminationonlawsandregulationsandbasicprinciplesofsafeandeffectivepesticideuse.
Private Applicator Certificate.Generally,privateapplicatorsmustholdavalidPrivateApplicatorCer-tificate(PAC)touseorsupervisethe
useofaCaliforniarestrictedmate-rial,whichincludesfederalrestrictedusepesticides,toproduceanagricul-turalcommodity.ThelocalCountyAgriculturalCommissioneradminis-terstheexaminationandissuesthecertificate.Youmustpassoneexami-nationtoobtainthePACastherearenopestcontrolcategories.
Youdonothavetopassexamina-tionstoobtainanyoftheseDPR-issuedbusinesslicenses:• PestControlBusinessLicense• No-feePestControlBusiness
License• MaintenanceGardenerPestCon-
trolBusinessLicense• PestControlDealerLicense,and• PesticideBrokerLicense.However,youmustmeetcertain
requirementswhenapplyingforanyoftheaforementionedbusi-nesslicenses.Therequirementsareexplainedlaterinthestudyguide.
Allpersonsconductingpestcon-troloranyotherpesticide-relatedactivityareresponsibleforknowingandfollowingalloftherequirementsinthepesticideuseandpestcontrollawsandregulationsthatpertaintotheirpesticideandpestcontrolrelatedactivities.Beforeengagingintheseactivitiesyoushouldhavecopiesoftheselawsandregulations,reviewandunderstandthem;plusCountyAgriculturalCommissionersandDPRhaveotherwrittencompli-anceassistancematerialavailabletohelpyouunderstandandcomplywithDPRpestcontrolrequirements.YoushouldcontactthelocalCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPRfor:• Helpingettingcopiesofthelaws
andregulations,pesticideinfor-mationpamphlets,healthandsafetyinformation,anyotherwrittencompliance
6 • INTRODUCTION
assistancematerials,andanyreferencedformsorlists,
• ClarificationofanyoftheStatepesticideuseandpestcontrollawsandregulations,andanyoftheregulatoryprogramsimplementedbyDPR,and
• Assistanceandguidanceforcomplyingwiththoselawsandregulations.
ForassistancefromDPRyoucan:ContactthePesticideEnforcementBranchat(916)324-4100orthePestManagementandLicensingBranch,LicensingandCertificationProgramat(916)445-4038.Youcanalsore-viewinformationonDPR’swebsite:http://www.cdpr.ca.gov.
Laws and Regulations. TheCali-forniaLegislaturepassespesticideuselawstoaddressspecificconcernsoverpesticidesalesanduses.TheGovernorwillimplementthelawbysigningitintoeffect.Ifregulationsareneededtocarryouttherequire-mentsinthelaw,DPRisresponsibleforwritingandimplementingtheregulations.DPRmustmeetadmin-istrativerequirementsimposedbytheOfficeofAdministrativeLawandtheSecretaryofStateinwrit-ingandimplementingregulations.MostoftheState’spesticideuseandpestcontrollawsarefoundintheCaliforniaFAC.Theselawsgovernmostpesticideuse,withtheempha-sisplacedonagriculturalpesticideuse,althoughtheyalsocoversomestructuralpestcontrolactivities.TheBusinessandProfessionsCodecontainslawsspecifictostructuralpestcontrolpesticideuse.Sidebar1detailsthepurposesofpesticideandpestcontrollawsandregulations.EachCountyAgriculturalCom-
missionerhastheauthoritytoproposeadditionalregulations,andifapprovedbyDPR,theyapplyonlytohisorhercounty.Thesecounty-
INTRODUCTION • 7
specificregulationssupplementtheregulationsin3CCRtolocallyim-plementadditionalrequirementsonindividualsandbusinessesinvolvedinthesale,possession,anduseofpesticides.Theseregulationsarenotthesameasrestrictedmaterialusepermitconditions,whicharecoveredlaterinthisstudyguide.
How to Use This Study Guide.Studyeachchapterandwhenyoufinish,answereachofthereviewquestionsattheendofeachchapter.
Usethemtotestyourunderstandingoftheinformationpresentedinthatchapter.ThesequestionsareinthesameformatasthequestionsonDPRexaminations,multiplechoiceselectionandfill-in-the-blank.However,theyarenotthesamequestionsthatareintheexaminations.Checkyouranswerswiththecorrectanswersonpage115.Ifyoumissedanyofthequestions,gobackandrereadtheappropriatesectionsofthechapterthatcoverthatinformation.
1. The difference between California laws and DPR regulations is that laws are ❏ A.PassedbyCountyAgricultural
CommissionersandregulationsarepassedbytheCalifornialegislature
❏ B.PassedbytheCalifornialegislatureandregulationsareadoptedbyDPRtocarryoutthelaws
❏ C.Supplementstofederalregulations❏ D.AdoptedbyDPRtocarryoutregulations
signedbytheGovernor
2. Which of the following is not one of the purposes of California’s pesticide and pest control laws and regulations?❏ A.Protectingworkersfrompesticideexposure❏ B.Providingproper,safe,andeffectiveuseof
pesticides❏ C.Encouragingpeopletousemorepesticides❏ D.Protectingpublichealthandsafety
3. A cooperating agency that helps DPR enforce pesticide use laws and regulations in California is the❏ A.CountyDepartmentofHealth❏ B.StateDepartmentofWaterResources❏ C.StateDepartmentofLabor❏ D.CountyAgriculturalCommissioner
4. County Agricultural Commissioners may adopt supplemental pesticide regulations with the approval of the❏ A.DepartmentofPesticideRegulation❏ B.OfficeoftheGovernor❏ C.CountyBoardofSupervisors❏ D.CaliforniaStateLegislature
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
Pesticide Registration and the Label11 PESTICIDE PRODUCT
REGISTRATION 10
TYPES OF PESTICIDE REGISTRATION 11
PESTICIDE LABELING 16
DEVIATIONS FROM LABELING DIRECTIONS 20
REVIEW QUESTIONS 23
PESTICIDEPRODUCTREGISTRATION
AnyonewhowantstoproduceinorbringintoCalifornia,apesticideproductforsale,possession,oruse,mustfirstreg-isterthatpesticideproductwithU.S.EPAandthenDPR.Theseagenciesregisterindividualpesticideproducts,notgenericpesticides.Theregistrationprocedureisdesignedtoprotectpeopleandtheenvironmentfromineffectiveorharmfulpesticideproducts.Personsorcompaniesthatregisterpesticideproducts,referredtoas“registrants”,mustfulfillnumer-ousregulatoryrequirementsandsubmitscientificdatatosupportproposedusesofthepesticide.
Pesticide Use Classification: General Use, Restricted Use, and Restricted Materials.Apesticideproductmaybeunclassified,oritmaybeclassifiedasrestricteduseorgeneralusebyU.S.EPAandDPRregistrationprocedureswhichincludeevaluatinglargevolumesofscientificdataforeachpesticideactiveingredientandpesticideproduct.Atthefederallevelthisevalua-tionincludesU.S.EPA’sclassificationofapesticideasgeneraluseorrestricteduse.Whenthereareknownhazardsthatcannotbemitigatedthroughlabeldirectionsandrequirements,U.S.EPAwilldesignateapesticideasrestrictedusetomitigateorreducethosehazards.Thisrestrictedusedesignationwillimposeapplicatorcertificationrequire-mentsandpossibleadditionalapplica-tionrestrictions.AfterEPAregistration,
10 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
DPRalsoevaluatesscientificdataforeachpesticideduringitsregistrationprocesstodetermineifanyfederalgeneralusepesticideshouldbedesig-natedasaState“restrictedmaterial”duetolocalhazardsorhealthconcernsspecifictoCalifornia.
Restrictedmaterialsarepesticidesdeemedtohaveahigherpotentialtocauseharmtopublichealth,farmworkers,domesticanimals,hon-eybees,theenvironment,wildlife,orothercropscomparedtootherpesticides.Generally,personsusingorsupervisingtheuseofarestrictedusepesticideorarestrictedmaterialmustpossessprivateorcommercialapplicatorcertification.YouwillfindmoredetailedinformationaboutapplicatorcertificationinChapter3ofthisstudyguide.Theregistrationprocessincludesproducingapesticideproductlabelthatmeetsallfederalandstaterequirements.Theselabelsbecomelegaldocumentsandcontainimportantusedirections,require-ments,prohibitions,andotheruserinformation.
State Pesticide Product Registration and Accepted Labeling.DPRissuesaCertificateofRegistrationforeachpesticideproductafterreviewingandacceptingdataanddocumenta-tion,includingthelabeling.Thelabelingthatwasacceptedduringtheregistrationevaluationbecomestheregisteredlabeling.Thelabel-ingforeachcontainerofpesticide
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 11
soldandusedinCaliforniamustbeidenticaltotheregisteredlabelingforthatpesticideonfilewithDPR.ApesticidesaleandpossiblyitsuseareillegalifthepesticideproductcontainerlabelsolddoesnotmatchtheregisteredlabelonfilewithDPR.
Product That Is No Longer Registered. AregistrantcannotsellapesticideproductinCaliforniaifthe• Registrantallowstheregistration
tolapsebynotrenewingit,or• DPRorU.S.EPAsuspendsor
cancelsthepesticideproductregistration.
Iftheregistrantallowsaproductregistrationtolapse,apestcontroldealerwhoacquiresthepesticideproductwhileitwasstillregisteredmaysellanddeliveritfortwoyearsafterthelastdateofregistration.Anendusercanpurchasethatnon-reg-isteredpesticideproductwithintwoyearsofthelastdayofregistration.UnlessprohibitedbyU.S.EPA,anend-usermaypossessandusethepes-ticideindefinitelyinaccordancewiththeoriginalcontainerlabelandanylabelingthatmightaccompanythepesticideorreferredtoonthelabel.Regulatoryrequirementsstillapplytotheuseofthesenon-registeredpesti-cideproducts,including:• Applicatorcertification,ifrequired• Obtaininguseandpossession
permits,ifrequired• Obtainingandmakingallagri-
culturaluserecommendationsinwritingpriortouse,and
• Allotherpesticideuserequire-ments.
WhenU.S.EPAorDPRcancelsorsuspendstheregistrationofapesticideproduct,theyoftenimposespecificrestrictionsonthesaleanduseofexistingstocks.Allpersonspos-sessingandusingthesecancelledorsuspendedregistrationproductsmustcomplywithallsalesanduseprovi-
sionsincludedincancellationandsuspensionorders.Apesticideprod-uctcannotlegallybesoldorused,norcanapermitbeissued,contrarytoanyU.S.EPAorDPRcancellationorsuspensionorder.
Amending the Registered Label.Anychangesmadetotheregisteredlabel,suchasaddingnewcropsorprohibitingcertainapplicationmethods,mustbereviewedandac-ceptedbyU.S.EPAandDPRbeforetheproductbearingtheproposedamendedlabelcanbesoldorusedinCalifornia.Pesticideusersmustcomplywiththelabeldirectionsat-tachedtothepesticideproductstheyareusingatthetime.
TYPESOFPESTICIDEREGISTRATIONS
TheFederalInsecticideFungicide,RodenticideAct(FIFRA)isthefederallawthatoutlinesthevarioustypesofpesticideproductregistrationsandexemptionsfromregistration.Thesedifferenttypesofregistrationseachhavetheirspecificlabeltype,oftenreferredtobytheFIFRAsectioncon-tainingtherequirements;section3,theinitialpesticidelabelregistration;andsections18and24,additionalregistrationsallowingforusesnotcoveredbytheinitialregistrationandlabel.Mostcommonlyreferredtoaresection3(generalpesticideprod-uctregistration),section18(emer-gencyexemptionsfromregistration),andsection24c(speciallocalneedregistrations).Theregulatoryrequire-mentsdiffer(includingproductlabelandsupportdata)foreachtype.Thethreemostcommontypesarelistedbelow.
Registration of Pesticides (sec-tion 3).FIFRAsection3grantsU.S.EPAtheauthoritytoregisterpesticideproductswiththecorrespondinglabel
FIGURE1-1.
Supplemental labels are often attached to pesticide packages. Before purchasing a pesticide, make sure you have a complete set of labels.
oftenreferredtoasthesection3labelcontainingbasicregistereduses,usedirections,requirements,andprohibi-tions.40CFRregulationsprovidethespecificguidelinesnecessarytocarryoutfederallaw.ThereislateramoredetailedpresentationoftherequiredlabelinformationandformatthatarefoundinFIFRAand40CFR,aswellasinCalifornialawsandregulations.
Exemption of Federal and State Agencies (section 18).Section18ofFIFRAauthorizesU.S.EPAtoallowanunregistereduseofapesticideforalimitedtimeifEPAdeterminesthatemergencyconditionsexist.Theregula-tionsgoverningsection18ofFIFRAde-finetheterm“EmergencyCondition”asanurgent,non-routinesituationthatrequirestheuseofapesticide(s).Suchusesareoftenreferredtoas“emergencyexemptions,”“section18s,”orsimply“exemptions.”Oneexampleiswhenastatedeclaresanemergencyoverapestinfestationinaparticularcrop.Afteranevaluationandassessmentof
12 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
theinfestationandpossiblecontrolmeasures,thestateagencycanpetitionU.S.EPAtoissueasection18exemp-tionfromregistrationtoauthorizeuseofapesticidethatisotherwisenotregisteredforuseonthatparticularcrop.Inotherwords,thesection18exemptionofregistrationfromtheprovisionsinFIFRAisapesticideuseregistrationinitselfthatgeneratesauselabel.DPRworkswithlocal,state,andfederalagenciestoevaluatetheemergencyanddetermineifitmeetscertaincriteriatosubmitanexemptionrequesttoU.S.EPA.Theremustbenofeasiblealternativetotheexemption.U.S.EPAwillevaluatetherequest,anduponapprovalwillissuetheemergencyexemption.Therearefourtypesofsection18s:• Specific• Publichealth• Quarantine,and• Crisis.Allusersarerequiredtopossess
andmaintainavalidrestrictedmaterialspermitforpossessionand
FIGURE1-2.
The pesticide label is a complex legal document that you must read and understand before making a pesticide application. Make pesticide applications in strict accordance with the label instructions, making sure not to conflict with more restrictive state regulatory requirements.
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 13
useofapesticideregisteredunderasection18.Allemergencyusesunderasection18aresubjecttostrictregula-torycontrols,includingrecordkeepinginadditiontothatalreadyrequiredfornormalpesticideuse.Itisimportanttonotethatuseofaproductunderasection18includesspecialrequire-mentsandresponsibilities.Section18labelsprescribeapplicationrates,safetyprecautions,andothervitalapplicationinformationyoumustcomplywithinthesamemannerasthesection3registeredlabel.
Authority of States (section 24).FIFRAsection24grantsstatespesticideregulatoryauthorityinthreeareas,includingissuanceofanewuseregistrationforafederallyregisteredpesticide.Theyare:• Section24(a)—Astateisautho-
rizedtoregulatethesaleanduseofafederallyregisteredpesticideaslongasthesaleanduseisnotprohibitedbyFIFRA
• Section24(b)—Astatecannotimposelabelingorpackagingrequirementsdifferentfromormorerestrictivethantherequire-mentsifFIFRA,and
• Section24(c)—Alsoknownasaspeciallocalneedregistration(SLN),24(c)givesastatetheauthoritytoissueauseregistra-tionnotpreviouslyissuedforafederallyregisteredpesticide.Thisallowsstatestoexpandtheusesofcertainregisteredpesticideswithintheirjurisdictions.Forexample,someSLN’sallowusesofaregisteredpesticideforcropsorsitesnotlistedonthesection3label.The24(c)regis-trationlabelwillcontainaregistrationnumberthatincludestheletters,“SLN”andthecodeforthestateissuingtheregistration.DPR-issuedSLN’swillbeidentifiedbythe
code,“CA”.Theseregistrationsarelegalonlyintheregion,state,orlocalareaspecifiedonthelabel.IfyouapplyapesticideunderaSLNfromanotherstateorregionyouaresubjecttocivilandcriminalpenalties.Youcancontactthelo-calCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerorDPRtofindoutwhichSLNregistrationspertaintoyourcropandarea.YoumayalsocontactthelocalUCCoop-erativeExtensionfarmadvisororapestcontroldealer.
Research Authorizations. Californiahasspecificregulationsregardingexperimental,unregisteredusesofpesticideproducts.Inmostcases,aResearchAuthorizationmustbeobtainedfromthePesticideRegistra-tionBranchofDPRbeforeanunregis-teredpesticideproductcanbeusedtoconductresearch.AResearchAuthorizationisnotanexemptionfrompesticideregistration.ResearchAuthorizationsareissuedonlytoallowresearchforunregisteredusesonlimitedacreageorusesites.Theysometimesrequirethattheresearchcropbedestroyed.California’sResearchAuthorizationprogramismeanttoallowforresearchthatcontributestotheregistrationprocess.ResearchAuthorizationsare
differentfromfederalExperimentalUsePermits,whichmustbereviewedandregisteredbyU.S.EPAandthenbyDPR.Ingeneral,collegesanduniversitiesdoingresearchunderestablisheduniversitypoliciesdonotneedtoobtainaResearchAuthorization.Checkwithyourinstitution.PesticideregistrantsdoingexperimentalworkonpropertyundertheircontroldonotneedtoobtainaResearchAuthorization.
14 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do notbreathe vapors or spray mist. Pilot should not assist inthe mixing and loading operation.WARNING SYMPTOMS—Methomyl poisoning produceseffects associated with anticholinesterase activity whichmay include weakness, blurred vision, headache, nausea,abdominal cramps, discomfort in the chest, constrictionof pupils, sweating, slow pulse, muscle tremors. Ifwarning symptoms appear, refer to Statement of PracticalTreatment on front panel of Reckon®—LV label and seekmedical attention at once.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTSome materials that are chemical-resistant to thisproduct are listed below. If you want more options, followthe instructions for category B on an EPA chemical-resistance category selection chart.Applicators and other handlers must wear:
Long-sleeved shirt and long pants.Chemical-resistant gloves, such as barrier laminate or
butyl rubber.Shoes plus socks.Protective eyewear.For exposure in enclosed areas, a respirator witheither an organic vapor-removing cartridge with apre�lter approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSHapproval number pre�x TC-23C or a NIOSH-approvedrespirator with any R, P, or HE �lter [also N if productdoes not contain oil and bears no instructions that willallow application with an oil-containing material]), or acanister approved for pesticides (MSHA/NIOSHapproval number pre�x TC-14G).For exposures outdoors, dust/mist �lteringrespirator (MSHA/NIOSH approval number pre�x TC-21C or a NIOSH-approved respirator with any R, P, orHE �lter [also N if product does not contain oil andbears no instructions that will allow application withan oil-containing material]).
Cleaners and repairers of application equipment mustwear:
Long-sleeved shirt and long pants.Chemical resistant gloves.Chemical resistant footwear.Protective eyewear.Respirator as outlined above.Chemical resistant apron.
Discard clothing or other absorbent materials that havebeen drenched or heavily contaminated with thisproduct’s concentrate. Do not reuse them. Followmanufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintainingPPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergentand hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from otherlaundry.
ENGINEERING CONTROL STATEMENTSHuman aggers must be in enclosed cabs.When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, oraircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listedin the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agriculturalpesticides [40 CFR part 170.240 (d)(4–6)], the handlerPPE requirements may be reduced or modi�ed asspeci�ed in the WPS. The enclosed cabs must be used ina manner that meets the requirements listed in the WPSfor agricultural pesticides. The handler PPE requirementsmay be reduced or modi�ed as speci�ed in the WPS.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDSThis pesticide is toxic to �sh and wildlife. Drift and runofffrom treated areas may be hazardous to aquaticorganisms in neighboring areas. Do not apply directly towater, or to areas where surface water is present, or tointertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do notcontaminate water when disposing of equipmentwashwaters.This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to directtreatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply thisproduct or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weedswhile bees are actively visiting the treatment area.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARDSCombustible. Do not use or store near heat or open�ame. Keep container closed. Use with adequateventilation.
Reckon® LV
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDEDue to High Acute Toxicity to Humans
For retail sale and use only by Certified Applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for those uses covered by theCertified Applicator’s certification. Direct supervision for this product requires the certified applicator to review federal and supple-mental label instructions with all personnel prior to application, mixing, loading, or repair or cleaning of application equipment.
by ToxCo®insecticide
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER POISON
PELIGRO VENENOSi usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguienpara que se la explique a usted en detalle. (If youdo not understand this label, �nd someone toexplain it to you in detail.)
FIRST AIDThis Product is an N-Methyl Carbamate insecticide.If swallowed: Call a physician or Poison Control Center.Drink 1 or 2 glasses of water and induce vomiting bytouching the back of throat with �nger. Do not inducevomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious orconvulsing person.If inhaled: Remove victim to fresh air. If not breathing,give arti�cial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth. Getmedical attention.If in eyes: Hold eyelids open and �ush with a steadygentle stream of water for 15 minutes. Get medicalattention.If on skin: Wash with plenty of soap and water. Getmedical attention.ATROPINE IS AN ANTIDOTE—SEEK MEDICALATTENTION AT ONCE IN ALL CASES OF SUSPECTEDPOISONING.If warning symptoms appear (see WARNING SYMPTOMS),get medical attention.For medical emergencies involving this product, calltoll free 1-000-000-0000.
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTSHAZARDS TO HUMANS
AND DOMESTIC ANIMALSDANGER! CONTAINS METHANOL. FATAL IFSWALLOWED. MAY CAUSE BLINDNESS IFSWALLOWED. MAY BE FATAL IF INHALED ORABSORBED THROUGH EYES. CAUSES IRREVERSIBLEEYE DAMAGE.
(Precautionary Statements continued in next column.)
©2001 ToxCo, Inc., Villageton, Yourstate, 01234
Active Ingredient: By WeightMethomyl
(S-methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]thioacetimidate) ................................ 29%
Inert Ingredients ...................................... 71%TOTAL ........................................................ 100%
Water Soluble LiquidContains 2.4 lbs active ingredient per gallon.
EPA Reg. No. 000-000EPA EST. No. 0000-XX-0
Net 5 gallons
1111122222
11111
555553333322222
44444
8888866666
99999
1111111111
1010101010
77777FIGURE1-3
This is an example of a pesticide label illustrates the sections described in the text.
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 15
STORAGE AND DISPOSALSTORAGE: Do not subject to temperatures below 32˚ F.Store product in original container only. Do notcontaminate water, other pesticides, fertilizer, food or feedin storage. Not for use or storage in or around the home.PRODUCT DISPOSAL: Do not contaminate water, food,or feed by disposal. Pesticide wastes are acutelyhazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spraymixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If thesewastes cannot be disposed of by use according to labelinstructions, contact your State Pesticide orEnvironmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Wasterepresentative at the nearest EPA Regional Of�ce forguidance.CONTAINER DISPOSAL: Triple rinse (or equivalent),then offer for recycling or reconditioning if containerreuse is permitted, or puncture and dispose of in asanitary land�ll, or by incineration, or, if allowed by stateand local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out ofsmoke. Return empty stainless steel containers forre�lling and reuse.
DIRECTIONS FOR USEIt is a violation of federal law to use this product in amanner inconsistent with its labeling.Do not apply this product in a way that will contactworkers or other persons, either directly or through drift.Only protected handlers may be in the area duringapplication. For any requirements speci�c to your Stateor Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticideregulation.Do not apply this product through any type of irrigationsystem.Do not formulate this product into other end-useproducts without written permission.ToxCo RECKON® LV Insecticide should be used only inaccordance with recommendations available throughlocal dealers.ToxCo will not be responsible for losses or damagesresulting from use of this product in any manner notspeci�cally recommended by ToxCo. User assumes allrisks associated with such non-recommended use.RECKON® LV is a water soluble liquid to be diluted withwater for application by mechanical ground or airequipment only. Use only in commercial and farmplantings. Not for use in home plantings nor on anycommercial crop that is turned into a “U-Pick,” “PickYour own” or similar operation. Pilot should not assist inthe mixing and loading operation.
AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTSUse this product only in accordance with its labelingand with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFRpart 170. This Standard contains requirements forthe protection of agricultural workers on farms,forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers ofagricultural pesticides. It contains requirements fortraining, decontamination, noti�cation, andemergency assistance. It also contains speci�cinstructions and exceptions pertaining to thestatements on this label about personal protectiveequipment (PPE) and restricted-entry interval. Therequirements in this box only apply to uses of thisproduct that are covered by the Worker ProtectionStandard.Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areasduring the restricted entry interval (REI).PPE required for early entry to treated areas that ispermitted under the Worker Protection Standard andthat involves contact with anything that has beentreated, such as plants, soil, or water, is:
Coveralls.Chemical-resistant gloves, such as barrier laminate
or butyl rubber.Shoes plus socks.Protective eyewear.
GENERAL INFORMATIONScouting—Monitor insect populations to determinewhether or not there is a need for application ofRECKON® LV based on locally determined economicthresholds. More than one treatment of RECKON® LVmay be required to control a population of pests.Insect Predators—RECKON® LV at rates of 2/5 to 3/4pt. per acre helps conserve certain bene�cials, includingbig-eyed bugs, damsel bugs, �ower bugs and spiders incotton and soybeans. While these bene�cials cannot berelied upon to control pests, they are of potential valueand should be monitored along with pests in pestmanagement programs on these crops.Resistance—Some insects are known to developresistance to products used repeatedly for control. Whenthis occurs, the recommended dosages fail to suppressthe pest population below the economic threshold.Because the development of resistance cannot be
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY ANDLIABILITYNOTICE: Read This Limitation of Warranty and LiabilityBefore Buying or Using This Product. If the Terms AreNot Acceptable, Return the Product at Once, Unopened,and the Purchase Price Will Be Refunded.It is impossible to eliminate all risks associated with theuse of this product. Such risks arise from weatherconditions, soil factors, off target movement,unconventional farming techniques, presence of othermaterials, the manner of use or application, or otherunknown factors, all of which are beyond the control ofToxCo. These risks can cause: ineffectiveness of theproduct; crop injury; or injury to nontarget crops orplants.ToxCo does not agree to be an insurer of these risks.WHEN YOU BY OR USE THIS PRODUCT, YOU AGREETO ACCEPT THESE RISKS.
(Warranty information continued on supplemental labeling.)
predicted, the use of this product should conform toresistance management strategies established for the usearea.These strategies may include incorporation ofcultural and biological control practices, alteration ofactive classes of insecticides on succeeding generationsand targeting the most susceptible life stage. Consultyour local agricultural authorities for details.Compatibility—Since formulations may be changed andnew ones introduced, it is recommended that userspremix a small quantity of desired tank mix and observefor possible adverse changes (settling out, �occulation,etc.). Avoid mixtures of several materials and veryconcentrated spray mixtures.Do not use RECKON® LV with Bordeaux mixture, “DuTer” (triphenyltin hydroxide), lime sulfur, “Rayplex” ironnor in highly aklaline solutions. Use mildly alkalinemixtures immediately after mixing to prevent loss ofinsecticidal activity.
SPRAY PREPARATIONSpray equipment must be clean and free of previouspesticide deposits before applying RECKON® LV.Fill spray tank 1/4 to 1/2 full of water. Add RECKON® LVdirectly to spray tank. Mix thoroughly. Use mechanical orhydraulic means; do not use air agitation. Spray mixshould not be stored overnight in spray tank.
(Directions for Use continued on supplemental labeling.)
(Restricted-entry information continued on supplemental labeling.)
1111144444
1111133333
1111133333
1111188888
1111177777
1111155555
1111166666
Rate Last Application—Days
Crops InsectsReckon® LV
Pts. Per Acre To Harvest
To LivestockGrazing/Feeding REI
Anise(fennel)
Cabbage Looper
Beet Armyworm
3
1-1/2 to 3
srh 847
Do not apply more than 4.5 lbs a.i./acre/crop.Do not make more than 10 applications/crop.
PESTICIDELABELING
Explanation of the Terms: Label; Supplemental Labeling; and Labeling.FIFRAand40CFRcontainlengthydefinitionsfortheterms“label”,“supplementallabel”,and“labeling”.Inaddition,therearerequirementsforplacementofthelabelandlabelingthatarerequiredforeachpesticideproduct.Thefollowingareparaphrasesofthosedefinitionstosimplifyunderstandingoflabels,labelingandlabelingrequirements.A“label”isanywritten,printed,
orgraphicmatterwithpestcontroldirections,requirements,prohibi-tions,andotherinformationsuchashealthandsafetyprecautions.Thelabelmustappearonorbesecurelyattachedtotheimmediatepesticideproductcontainerorpestcontroldevice.Ifanoutsidewrapper,bag,orboxobstructstheviewofthecontainerordevicelabel,thelabelmustalsobesecurelyattachedtotheoutsidewrapper,bag,orbox.A“supplementallabel”isany
labelthatisnotpartofthepesticidecontainerbutisotherwiseattachedtooraccompaniesthepesticideproductcontainerordevice.Somepesticidecontainersaretoosmalltoallowthecompletelabeltobeprintedonorsecurelyattachedtothem.Insuchcases,U.S.EPArequiresregistrantstoprovidesupplementallabels(Fig-ure1-1)withtheremainderofthecompletelabel.Supplementallabelsareusuallyplacedinplasticpouchesgluedtothesideofmetalandplasticcontainers.Paperpackagesusuallyhavesupplementallabelsinsertedunderthebottomflaps.Section18and24clabelsareexamplesofsupplementallabeling.Somelabelsrefertootherdocuments,suchasaMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)oracommoditytreatmentschedule.Agriculturalusepesticidelabelsalso
16 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
refertotheWorkerProtectionStandardprovisionsof40CFRpart170.Theseandotherdocu-mentsreferredtoonpesticidelabelsbecomepartofthepesticidelabel.“Labeling”includesalllabelsand
allotherwritten,printed,orgraphicmatteraccompanyingthepesticideproductcontainerordeviceatanytime,ortowhichreferenceismadeonthelabelorinliteratureaccompa-nyingthepesticideordevice.Thatisanotherwayofsayingthatlabelingis:• Thelabelonorattachedtothe
pesticideproductcontainerorpestcontroldevice
• Anylabelthatisattachedtothepesticidecontainerouterwrapperorashippingbagorbox
• Section18andsection24(c)labels,and
• Anyotherdocumentsreferencedonthelabel,suchaMSDSorcommoditytreatmentschedule.
40CFRoutlinestheformatforpesticidelabelsandtheinforma-tiontheymustcontain.Thelabelcontainsmandatorystatementsforrequiredorprohibitedpesticideuseactivitiesandpermissivestatementsforinformation.Mandatorystate-mentsmustbefollowed.Thesestate-mentsincludetermssuchas“shall”or“must.”Permissivestatementsincludetermssuchas“should”anddonotimposerequirements.Itisaviolationoffederallawtouseapesticideinconflictwithitsregis-teredFIFRAsection3label,orotherlabelissuedunderFIFRAsection18or24(c).
When to Read the Pesticide Label.Readthepesticidelabel(Figure1-2):• Before buying the pesticide.
Makesurethepesticideisregisteredforyourintendeduse.Confirmthattherearenorestrictionsorotherconditions
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 17
thatprohibitusingthispesticideattheapplicationsite.Becertainitsuseissuitableundercurrentweatherconditions.Also,besureitcontrolsthelifestageofyourpest.Findoutwhatprotectiveequipmentandspecialapplica-tionequipmentyouneed
• Before mixing and applying the pesticide. Learnhowtomixandsafelyapplythematerial.Findoutwhatprecautionstotaketopreventexposuretopeopleandnon-targetorganisms.Learnwhatfirstaidandmedicaltreatmentsarenecessaryshouldanaccidentoccur
• When storing pesticides.Findouthowtoproperlystorethepesticide.Understandthespecialprecautionstopreventfirehaz-ards,and
• Before disposing of unused pesticide and empty containers.Learnhowtopreventenvironmentalcontaminationandhazardstopeople.Beforedisposal,checkwiththeCountyAgricul-turalCommissionerinyourareaforlocalrestrictionsandrequirements.
The Information Provided in Pesticide LabelingRefertothecorrespondingnumbers
onthesamplepesticidelabel(Figure1-3)forexamplesofthefollowingpesticidelabelsections:
Brand Name.Abrandnameisthenamethemanufacturergivestotheproduct.Thisisthename
foundintheDPRdatabaseandusedtoadvertiseandpromotetheproduct.
Chemical Name.Chemicalnamesdescribethechemicalstructureofapesticideactiveingredient.
Chemistsfollowinternationalrulesfornamingchemicals.
Common Name. Chemicalnamesofpesticideactiveingredientsareoftencomplicated.Therefore,
manufacturesgivemostpesticidescommonorgenericnames.Forexam-ple,0,0-diethyl0(2-isopropyl-6meth-yl-4-pyrimidinyl)hasthecommonnamediazinon.Commonnamesandbrandnamesarenotthesame,andnotalllabelslistcommonnamesfortheactiveingredient(s).
Formulation.Labelsusuallylisttheformulationtype,suchasemulsifiableconcentrate,
wettablepowder,orsolublepowder.Manufacturersmayincludethisinfor-mationasasuffixinthebrandnameofthepesticide.Forexample,inthenamePrincep80W,the“W”indicatesawettablepowderformulation.
Ingredients.Pesticidelabelslistthepercentageofeachactiveingredientandtotalpercent-
ageoftheinertingredientsbyweight.Inertingredientsareallcomponentsoftheformulationthatdonothavepesticidalaction,thereforearenotconsideredactiveingredientsbutareintentionallyincludedintheproduct.Examplesincludesolvents,preservatives,stabilizers,etc.However,thesemaybetoxic,flammable,orposeothersafetyorenvironmentalproblems.Some,however,maybeharmless,suchasclay.Intheexamplegivenabove,thenamePrincep80Windicatesthatthereis80%byweightoftheactiveingredient2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-striazine.Ifthiswerealiquidformulation,thelabelwouldalsoindicatehowmanypoundsofactiveingredienttherearein1gallon.
Contents.Labelslistthenetcon-tents,byweightorliquidvol-ume,containedinthepackage.
3
1
2
4
5
6
Manufacturer/Producer.Pesticidelabelswillcontainthenameandaddressofthemanufac-
turer/produceroftheproduct.Usethecontactinformationifyouneedtocontactthemanufacturerforanyreason.Insomecasesacompanymanufactures/producesapesticideforanothercompanyorpersonwhoistheregistrant,andwhosenameappearsonthelabel.Thelabelwillthenqualifythatthemanufacturerisnottheregistrantwithwordingsuchas,“Manufacturedfor…”or“Producedfor…”
Registration and Establishment Numbers.U.S.EPAassignsregistrationnumberstoeach
pesticide.YouneedthisEPAnumberifyouarereportingtheuseofthepes-ticide.Inaddition,anestablishmentnumberidentifiesthesiteofmanufac-tureorrepackaging.
Signal Word.Animportantpartofeverylabelisthesignalword.Thesignalwordindicatesto
theuserthepesticideproduct’stoxicitylevel.Itisdeterminedbytheacute(shortterm)toxicitydataconductedonthepesticideproduct.Partoftheregistrationprocessassignseachpesticidetoatoxicitycategory,basedonacutetoxicitytohumansandnotedbythesignalword.Thewords“DANGER”and“DANGER/POISON”withaskullandcrossbonesindicatethatthepesticideishighlytoxic.Theword“DANGER”usedaloneindicatesthatthepesticideposesadangeroushealthhazard.“WARNING”indicatesmoderatetoxicity,and“CAUTION”meanslowtoxicity.
Precautionary Statements.Theprecau-tionarystatementsaredesignedtoprovidethepesticideuser
withinformationregardingthetoxic-ity,irritationandsensitizationhazards
associatedwiththeuseofapesticide,aswellastreatmentinstructionsandinformationtoreduceexposurepotential.Itincludesinformationonpotentialhazardstopeopleanddomesticanimalsandthetypeofprotectiveequipmenttowearwhilehandlingpackages,mixingandapply-ingtheproduct.Inaddition,inincludesinformation
onenvironmentalhazards,suchastheproduct’stoxicitytonon-targetorgan-ismssuchashoneybees,fish,birds,andotherwildlife.Thethirdpartoftheprecautionary
statementexplainsspecialphysicalandchemicalhazards.Theseincluderisksoffireorexplosionandhazardsfromfumes.
First Aid Statement. Thefirstaidstatementsprovideemergencyfirstaidinformation.They
describetheemergencyfirstaidproceduresforswallowing,skinandeyeexposure,andinhalationofdustorvapors.Thissectiontellsyouwhentoseekmedicalattention.
Statement of Use Classification.Asdescribedabove,U.S.EPAclas-sifiespesticidesaseithergeneral
use,unclassifiedorrestricteduse.U.S.EPArestrictedusepesticideshaveaspecialstatementprintedonthefrontpageofthelabel.Pesticidesthatdonotcontainthisstatementareeitherunclassifiedorgeneralusepesticides,exceptwherespecialstaterestrictionsapply.Somelabelshaverestrictivestatementsindicatingthattheyareforagriculturalorcommercialuseonly.Arestrictivestatementisdifferentfromastatementofuseclassification.
Directions for Use. Thedirectionsforuseareanimportantpartofthepesticidelabelthatmust
befollowedtokeepfromviolatingthelaw.Itisillegaltouseaproduct
18 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
8
9
10
7
12
13
11
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 19
inamannerinconsistentwiththedirectionsforuseexceptwherefederalorstatelawsspecifyacceptabledevia-tionsfromthelabel(seethesectiontitled,“DeviationsfromLabelDirec-tions”).Thedirectionsforuselistallthetargetpeststhatmanufacturersclaimtheirpesticidescontrol.Theyalsoincludethecrops,plantspecies,animals,orothersiteswherethepesticidecanbeused.Hereiswhereyoufindspecialrestrictionsthatyoumustobserve.Theseincludecropsthatyoumayormaynotplantinthetreatedarea(plantbackrestrictions).Theyalsoincluderestrictionsonfeedingcropresiduestolivestockorgrazinglivestockontreatedplants.Theseinstructionstellyouhow
toapplythepesticide.Theyspecifyhowmuchtouse,wheretousethematerial,andwhentoapplyit.Thedirectionsalsoincludethepre-harvestintervalsforallcropswheneverappropriate.Somelabelsrefertoa“harvestinterval”or“intervalbeforeharvest.”Thisintervalisthetime,indays,requiredafterapplicationbeforeyoumayharvestanagriculturalcrop.
Agricultural Use Requirements. ThisspecialstatementappearsintheDirectionsforUsesection
onlabelsofpesticidesapprovedforuseinproductionagriculture,com-mercialgreenhousesandnurseries,andforests.ItreferstothefederalWorkerProtectionStandard(CodeofFederalRegulations,Title40,part170),whichhasbeenincorporatedintothe3CCR.Itprovidesinforma-tiononthepersonalprotectiveequip-mentrequiredforearly-entryworkers.Italsogivestherestricted-entryintervalforworkers.Theagriculturaluserequirementsectionmaydifferfromotherrequirementsonthelabelorthoselistedin3CCR.Youmustusethepesticideinaccordancewiththemostrestrictiverequirements.
Restricted-Entry Statement. ARestricted-EntryInterval(REI)isthetimeperiod
immediatelyfollowingapesticideapplicationduringwhichentryintothetreatedareaisrestricted,REIsvaryaccordingtothetoxicityandspecialhazardsassociatedwiththepesticide.Thecroporsitebeingtreatedanditsgeographiclocationalsoinfluencethelengthoftheinterval.SomepesticideusesinCaliforniarequirelongerREIsthanthoselistedonthepesticidelabel.CheckwiththelocalCountyAgriculturalCommissionerforthisinformation.
Misuse Statement.Themisusestatementremindsuserstoapplypesticidesaccording
tolabeldirections.
Storage and Disposal. Directionsforproperlystoringanddisposingof
thepesticideandemptypesticidecontainersareanotherimportantpartofthelabel.Properdisposalofunusedpesticidesandpesticidecontainerscanreducehumanandenvironmentalhazards.Somepesticideshavespecialstoragerequirementsbecauseimproperstoragecausesthemtolosetheireffectiveness.Improperstoragecancauseexplosionsorfires.
Warranty.Manufacturersusuallyincludeawarrantyanddisclaimerontheirpesticide
labels.Thisinformationinformsyouofyourrightsasapurchaserandlimitstheliabilityofthemanufacturer.Note:Companiesarenotrequiredtoincludeawarrantystatementontheirlabel.However,exclusionofawarrantystatementisnotcommon.
18
16
17
14
15
20 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
DEVIATIONSFROMLABELDIRECTIONS
Youcansometimesusepesticidesinamannerthatseemstoconflictwithordeviatefromlabeldirections.Thesedeviationsgenerallyinvolvesaferorlessdisruptiveusesofthepesticide.Forinstance,UniversityofCalifornia(UC)PestManagementGuidelinesoftenrecommendpesti-cideratesthatarelowerthanlabelinstructions.Researchersrecommendtheseratestoprotectbeneficialorgan-isms.FederallawandCaliforniaregula-
tionsalloweightdeviationsfromlabeldirections;eachunderlimitedcircumstances.Theyinclude:
Decrease in rate per unit treated.Someguidelinescallforless
pesticidethantheamountlistedonthelabel,althoughthevolumeofdiluentorcarrier,suchaswateroroil,mustremainthesame.Thisisusuallybecausealowerrateislessdisrup-tivetonaturalenemies.Consider,forexample,theguidelinesforcontrol-lingspidermitesinalmonds.Ifthereareadequatelevelsofbeneficials,theguidelinesrecommendaslittleas1/10ofthelabelrateofspecificacaricides.Thelowerratereducespestnumberstoalevelwherepredatorscanmaintaincontrol.However,becautiousaboutusinglowerrates.Sometimesusinglowerratesspeedsupthedevelopmentofpesticideresistanceinthetargetorganism.Toavoidpossibleproblemswhenusinglowerrates,checkfirstwiththelocalfarmadvisor.Undernocircumstancecanyoulegallyincreasetheamountofpesticideyouapplybeyondthemaximumlabelrates.
Decrease in the concentration of the mixture applied.Labelinstructionsusuallystate
thevolumeofwatertousewhenpreparingaspraymixture.Itisalwayspossibletousemorewaterthanthis,howevertoomuchwatermaycauseexcessivedilutionandrunoff.Thisresultsinnotenoughofthepesticidegettingtothetargetpest.Inmostcases,useonlyasmuchwaterasnec-essarytoobtainthoroughcoverage.Besurethisisnotlessthanwhatthelabelstates.
Increase in concentration as long as it corresponds with published recommendations of the University of California.Therearetimeswhenitwouldbeconvenienttouseamoreconcentratedmixturethanthedilutionratespecifiedonthelabel.Althoughyouwouldapplynomorethanthelabeledrateofpesticide,youwouldpreferusinglessdiluentorcar-rier,suchaswateroroil.Iftherearecurrent,publishedUCguidelinesfordoingthis,youcanincreasethecon-centration.However,theseguidelinesarepesticide-specific.Complywithallotherlabelinstructions.Remember,verbalrecommendationsofanytypearenotacceptable.
Application at a frequency less than specified.Labelinstructionsoftenprescribehowoftentoapplyapesticide.Manufacturersrecommendthisfrequencytomaintainadequatecontrolofthepestbeingtreated.Itispermissibleunderthelawtomakeapplicationslessfrequentlythanthelabelrecommends.Ifyourmonitor-ingconfirmsthatlessfrequentap-plicationsadequatelycontrolpests,thereisnoneedtomakeadditionaltreatments.Additionalapplictionssometimesincreaseotherpestproblemsbydisruptingnaturalenemies.Besides,itisexpensivetouseunneededpesticides.However,reducingthefrequency
ofapesticideapplicationbelowlabel
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 21
recommendationsmayresultininadequatecontrol.Beforereducingapplicationfrequency,carefullymoni-torthepestpopulation.Youmayapplythepesticiderepeat-
edlyifthelabeldoesnotlimitthenumberofapplicationsoritstates“applyasneeded.”Monitorthepesttobesurethatrepeatedapplicationsarenecessary.Itisneverpermissibletoapplyapesticidemorefrequentlythantheintervallistedonthelabel.
Use to control a target pest not on the label when the commodity or site is on the label and use against an un-named pest is not expressly prohib-ited.Youmaywishtouseapesticideonacommodityorsitelistedonthelabel,butthelabeldoesnotlistthetargetpest.Aslongasthelabeldoesnotforbiduseofthispesticideagainstthepestonthecommodityorsite,youmayuseit.Becertainthelabelliststheintendedcommodityortargetsite.Followallotherlabelinstructions.
Use of any method of application not prohibited, provided other label directions are followed.Mostlabelrecommendationsdonotspecifyexactlyhowtoapplythepesticide.Shouldthisbethecase,itispossibletouseanypracticalmethod.However,besurethemethodyouchooseallowsyoutofollowallotherlabeldirections.Applyingapesticidebygroundorbyairisanexample.Ifthereisnopro-hibitionagainstaerialapplicationonthelabel,youmayuseeithermethod.However,youmustcomplywithalllabeldirections.Itmaynotbepossibletoapplyapesticidebyairwhenthelabelprohibitsthelowerdilutionraterequiredforaerialapplication.
Tank-mixing with another pesticide or fertilizer, unless prohibited.Youmaywanttocombineonepesticide
withoneorseveralothersorwithfertilizers.Thistypeofapplicationsavestime
andreducesapplicationcosts.Unlessspecificallyprohibitedbydirectionsonanyofthelabels,itispermissibletoapplypesticidesincombination.Eventhoughthelabeldoesnotprohibitmixtures,youmayexperi-enceincompatibilityproblemswithcertaincombinationsofpesticidesorpesticidesandfertilizers.Checkforincompatibilitybeforemixinglargevolumes.Nevermixapesticidewithanotherpesticideorfertilizerifthelabelprohibitssuchamixture.Labelrestrictionsmayspecifygeneralclassesofchemicalssuchassulfur-containingmaterials,alkalinechemicals,oroils.
Exceptions to or substitutions for personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.StateregulationsprovideforthefollowingexceptionstosomepesticidelabelPPErequire-ments:• Whenusingaclosedsystem*
thatmeetsDPRclosedsystemcriteriatohandlepesticideproductswiththesignalword“DANGER”,“DANGER/POISON”or“WARNING”o Ifitdoesnotoperateunder
positivepressurehandlersmaysubstitutecoveralls,chemicalresistantgloves,andachemi-calresistantapronforthepersonalprotectiveequipmentrequiredbythepesticidelabel,or
o Ifitoperatesunderpositivepressure,handlersmustweareyeprotectionbutcanstillsubstitutecoveralls,chemicalresistantgloves,andachemi-calresistantapronforthepersonalprotectiveequipmentrequiredbythepesticidelabel.However,allpersonalprotec-tiveequipmentrequiredbythe
22 • PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL
pesticideproductlabelmust
beimmediatelyavailableforuseinanemergency
*Note:Properlymixingpesticidespackagedinwater-solublepacketsisconsideredtobeusingaclosedsystem.• Whenusingaclosedsystem*
thatmeetsDPRclosedsystemcriteriatohandlepesticideproductswiththesignalword,“CAUTION”o Ifitdoesnotoperateunder
positivepressurehandlersmaysubstituteworkclothingforthepersonalprotectiveequipmentrequiredbythepesticidelabel,or
o Ifitoperatesunderposi-tivepressure,handlersmustweareyeprotectionbutcanstillsubstituteworkclothingforthepersonalprotectiveequipmentrequiredbythepesticidelabel.However,allpersonalprotectiveequip-mentrequiredbythepesti-cideproductlabelmustbeimmediatelyavailableforuseinanemergency
*Note:Properlymixingpesticidespackagedinwater-solublepacketsisconsideredtobeusingaclosedsystem.• Whenapplyingpesticidesfrom
anenclosedcab,includingthecockpitofanaircraft,handlers:o Maysubstituteworkclothing
forpersonalprotectiveequip-mentrequiredbythepesticideproductlabel,and
o Whenapplyingpesticidesfromanenclosedcab,otherthananaircraft,handlersmustwearrequiredrespira-toryprotectionwhileapplyingpesticidesfromgroundap-plicationequipmentunlessthecabisapprovedforrespiratoryprotection.
• Storeinachemical-resistantcontainerandhaveimmediatelyavailableallofthepersonalprotectiveequipmentrequiredbythepesticideproductlabel,and
• Wearthelabel-requiredpersonalprotectiveequipmentwhencontactingsurfaceswithpesticideswhenworkingoutsidethecab.
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND THE LABEL • 23
1. Which of the following is considered to be pesticide labeling?
❏ A.Spraynozzlecatalog❏ B.Aprintedpesticideadvertisement❏ C.ThefederalWorkerProtectionStandard❏ D.Awrittenrecommendation
2. When a pesticide registrant allows a pesticide product registration to lapse, pest control dealers❏ A.Mustimmediatelyreturnallunsoldstock❏ B.Cansellanddeliverthepesticideproductfor
twoyears❏ C.Mustretrieveallpreviouslysoldstock❏ D.Canindefinitelysellanddeliverthepesticide
product
3. When a pesticide product registration is can-celled, the sale and use of this product❏ A.Isautomaticallyprohibitedunderallcircum-
stances❏ B.Maycontinueunderconditionsimposedbythe
regulatoryagencyresponsibleforthecancella-tion
❏ C.Willbeallowedfortwoyearsfromthecancella-tiondate
❏ D.Isnotaffectedaslongasdetailedsalesrecordsarekeptcurrent
4. A Special Local Need Registration (SLN) allows❏ A.Growerstoapplythepesticidetoanycropas
longastheSLNisvalidinthegrower’sstate❏ B.Supplementalusesofthepesticideuniformly
throughouttheU.S.❏ C.Usesofpesticidesforcropsorsitesnotlisted
onthelabel❏ D.Anyfeasibleuseofthepesticideinthe
specifiedlocalarea
5. Which of the following is considered a supplemental label?❏ A.Salesliteraturedistributedbythepesticide
registrant❏ B.Asampleofapesticidelabelproducedby
theregistrant❏ C.Literaturecontaininguseandmaintenance
directionsforapplicationequipment❏ D.Apamphletcontainingusedirectionsand
restrictionsthatisattachedtothecontainer
6. On a pesticide label the signal word❏ A. Signifiestherelativeacutetoxicityof
thepesticideproduct❏ B. Identifiestheformulationofpesticide
product❏ C.Warnsofthepotentialcropdamagelevel❏ D.Identifiesrelativeeffectivenessorcontrollevel
7. The precautionary statements section of the label contains information about the ❏ A.Applicationrate❏ B.Cropsonwhichtheproductcanbeapplied❏ C.Relativetoxicityoftheproduct❏ D.Hazardstopeopleanddomesticanimals
8. Plant-back restrictions are found in the _________ section of the pesticide label❏ A.Precautionarystatements❏ B. Statementofpracticaltreatment❏ C. Contents❏ D.Directionsforuse
9. Making an application of a pesticide product at a rate less than specified in its label directions is ❏ A. Alwaysallowed.❏ B. Illegal.❏ C. Allowedonlyifyouobtainwritten
authorizationfromtheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.
❏ D.Allowedonlyiftheproductistankmixed.
10. Exceeding the maximum application rate of a pesticide product as per its label is❏ A. Alwaysallowed.❏ B. Illegal.❏ C. Allowedonlyifyouobtainwritten
authorizationfromtheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.
❏ D.Allowedonlyiftheproductistankmixedwithanothersimilarproduct.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
Restricted Materials22 FERERAL RESTRICTED
USE PESTICIDES 26
CALIFORNIA RESTRICTED MATERIALS 26
REVIEW QUESTIONS 33
PESTICIDESWITHCERTAINactiveingredientsarepotentiallymorehazardousthanothersevenwhentheyareusedaccordingtotheregisteredlabel.U.S.EPAhasdesig-natedtheseasrestrictedusepesti-cides.DPRhasdesignatedadditionalpesticideswithcertainactiveingredi-entsasCaliforniarestrictedmaterials.TheCaliforniarestrictedmaterialslistincludesU.S.EPArestrictedusepesticidesandthosepesticidesDPRhasdesignatedasCaliforniarestrict-edmaterials.ThepossessionoruseofrestrictedmaterialsisregulatedmorecloselyandpermittedonlyunderarestrictedmaterialspermitissuedbytheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.Afterevaluatinganapplicant’squalifications,theCountyAgriculturalCommissionermayissueapermittopossessanduserestrictedmaterialstocertifiedcommercialorprivateapplicators.
FEDERALRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDES
Federalrestrictedusepesticides,whichbearthestatement“RestrictedUsePesticide”onthelabel,arerestrictedbecauseU.S.EPAhasdeterminedthattheir:• Acutedermal(skin)orinhalation
(lung)toxicitypresentshazardstoapplicatorsorothers,and
26 • RESTRICTED MATERIALS
• Usebypeoplewhohavenotdemonstratedalevelofcom-petenceinthesafehandlingofpesticidescouldleadtounrea-sonableharmtopeopleandtheenvironment.
CALIFORNIARESTRICTEDMATERIALS
Californiaclassifiespesticideswithcertainactiveingredients,includingfederalrestrictedusepesticides,asCaliforniarestrictedmaterials.Itisdeterminedthatthesepesticides,evenwhenusedaccordingtolabelingre-quirementsandrestrictions,maystillposedangersandhazardsto:• Publichealth• Pesticidehandlersand
fieldworkers• Domesticanimals,including
honeybees,ortocropsfromdirectapplicationordrift
• Streams,lakes,orwildlifesanctuariesfromdirectapplicationordrift
• Fish,wildbirds,orotherwildliferesultingfrompersistentresiduesinthesoilthatcouldresultincontaminationoftheair,waterways,estuaries,orlakes,and
• Subsequentcropsthroughpersistentsoilresidues.
DPRenforcesregulationsaboutthepossessionanduseofanyrestrictedmaterial.Theseregulationsprescribethetimewhen,andtheconditionsunderwhich,arestrictedmaterial
RESTRICTED MATERIALS • 27
maybepossessedorusedinCalifor-nia.Useislimitedtosituationsinwhich:• Itisreasonablycertainthatno
injurywillresult,and• Thereisnonon-restrictedmate-
rialorprocedurethatisequallyeffectiveandpractical.
Supervision Standards for Certified Applicators.Californiarestrictedmaterialswhichincludefederalrestrictedusepesticidesshallbeusedonlyby,orunderthesupervisionof,acertifiedcommercialorprivateapplicator,unlessthelabelspecifiesotherwise.Thecertifiedapplicatorresponsibleforthissupervisionmustbeawareoftheconditionsatthesiteofapplicationandbeavailabletodirectorcontrolthemannerinwhichapplicationsaremadebynon-certifiedapplicators.Theavailabilityofthecertifiedapplicatormustbedirectlyrelatedtotheactualorpotentialhazardofthesituation.Thelabelsofsomefederalrestricted
usepesticidesrequirethecertifiedapplicatortoprovidedirectsupervi-sionandtobephysicallypresentwhennon-certifiedhandlersarein-volvedinmixing,loading,orapplyingthesepesticidesandwhentheyrepairorcleantheapplicationequipment.
(Figure2-1).“Physicallypresent”meansthecertifiedapplicatormustremaininthelineofsightto:• Observethatnon-certifiedhan-
dlersfollowthelabeldirections,• Provideguidanceifthelabel
isunclear,• Interveneifthenon-certified
handlerfailstofollowsafeandeffectivehandlingproceduresorfailstoadheretolabeldirections,and
• Respondifanemergencyorunusualsituationoccurs.
Restricted Material Use Permit.Usersmustpossessavalidrestrictedmaterialusepermitbeforetheycanpurchase,possessoruseanyrestrictedmaterialforagriculturalandnon-agriculturaluse.Therestrictedmaterialusepermitwillimposeadditionalspecificlimitations:• Incertainareas• Undercertainconditionsrelating
tosafety• Regardingcertainspecified
quantitiesorconcentrations• Regardingcertainmixtures• Incompliancewithindustrial
safetyordersoftheDepartmentofIndustrialRelationsandanyorderofDPRorCountyAgricul-turalCommissioner,and
FIGURE2-1.
The labels of some federal restricted use pesticides require the certified applicator to provide direct supervision and to be physically present when non-certified handlers apply, mix, or load these pesticides or repair or clean application equipment.
• Agreeduponbythepropertyoperatortocomplywithcondi-tionsintherestrictedmaterialusepermit.
ArestrictedmaterialpermitisnotrequiredforusingorpossessingafederalrestrictedusepesticidethatisnotlistedasaCaliforniarestrictedmaterial.However,youmustbecertifiedapplicatortouseorsuperviseafederalrestrictedusepesticideevenifarestrictedmaterialpermitisnotrequired.
Beforearestrictedmaterialspermitisissued,theCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPRmustconsiderlocalconditions,includingthefollowing:• Locationofschools,homes,
hospitals,recreationalareas,orlivestockenclosures
• Problemsrelatedtotheproximityofdissimilarcrops
• Thepossibilityofresurgenceofprimaryorsecondarypeststhatmayresultfromimproperpesticidechoice.Theapplicationmightkillparasitesorpredators,subsequentlypromotinganewormoreseverepestproblem.
• Weatherconditions• Timingofapplicationsinrela-
tiontobeeactivity(Figure2-2).Propertimingcangreatlyreducehazardstobees.Somepesticides,whenappliedatnightorearlyinthemorningdonotpresentaseverehazardtobees,whilethesamepesticideappliedduringthedaymayhaveadevastatingeffectonbees,and
• Pesticidestoragefacilitiesanddisposalofusedcontainers.Allpesticidesmustbestoredinalockedenclosureexceptwhensomeoneisphysicallyincontrolofthem.Thestorageandcon-
28 • RESTRICTED MATERIALS
tainerdisposalrequirementsareaddressedinChapter4.
Pestcontroloperationsmustalwaysbecarriedoutinaccordancewithallpermitconditions.Thespecificconditionsofusewillbespelledoutineachrestrictedmaterialspermit,buteverypermitissuedisconditionedoncompliancewiththeregisteredlabel(s)andapplicablelawsandregulations.Pestcontrolbusinessesengagedin
pestcontrolforhireandindividualsengagedinpestcontrolmusthaveavailableacopyofthe:• Usepermitcoveringeach
agriculturaluseapplicationofapesticidethatrequiresapermit,and
• Writtenpestcontrolrecom-mendationfromalicensedpestcontroladviserORgrower’sworkordercoveringeachagriculturaluseapplicationofageneralusepesticideorapesticidethatrequiresapermit.
Alternatives and Mitigation Measures.Agriculturalpestcontroladvisersandgrowersmustmakepestcontroldecisionswiththeaimofcausingtheleastadverseimpactontheenvironment.Whendeterminingwhentouseapesticidethatrequiresapermit,theymustconsiderandadoptiffeasible,anyreasonable,effective,andpracticalmitigationmeasuresoruseanyfeasiblealternativethatwouldsubstantiallylessenanysignificantharmfuleffectsontheenvironment.
Non-Agricultural Restricted Mate-rial Use Permit.Restrictedmaterialspermitsfornon-agriculturalusemaybeissuedtotheoperatoroftheprop-ertytobetreatedortothedesignatedlicensedpestcontrolbusiness.Aper-mitisvalidforpossessionoruseonlybythepersonnamedinthepermit.A
RESTRICTED MATERIALS • 29
restrictedmaterialsusepermitappli-cationfornon-agriculturalusemustincludethefollowinginformation:• Nameandaddressoftheap-
plicant(propertyoperatororpestcontrolbusiness)
• Restrictedmaterialstobepossessedorused
• Pestorpeststobecontrolled• Methodofapplication,and• Criteriafordeterminingtheneed
forthepesticideapplication.
Agricultural Restricted Material Use Permit. Anagriculturalrestrictedmaterialusepermitmustbesiteandtimespecific.Apermitisvalidforpossessionoruseonlybythepersonnamedinthepermit.Theyareissuedtothepropertyoperatornamedinthepermit,butmaybesignedbythe:• Operatorofthepropertyto
betreated• Propertyoperator’sauthorized
representative,or• LicensedAgriculturalPest
ControlAdviserauthorizedbythepropertyoperator.
Theoperatorofthepropertyisresponsibleforcompliancewithallpermitconditionsregardlessofwhosignsthepermit.Anagriculturalrestrictedmaterialusepermitap-plicationmustincludethefollowinginformation:• Nameandaddressofthe
applicant• Locationofeachpropertytobe
treated• Identificationandlocationof
allknownareasthatcouldbeadverselyimpactedbytheuseofthepesticideorpesticides.Theseareasinclude,butarenotlimitedto,hospitals,schools,playgrounds,residentialareas,laborcampsandotherhousingforworkers,parks,lakes,water-ways,wildlifemanagementareas,ornearbylivestockorcrops.A
maporaerialphotographmaybeusedfordesignatingsuchareas.
• Identificationofeachcommod-ity,crop,orsitetobetreated
• Anticipatedpestproblemsforeachcroppestorpeststobecontrolled
• Proposedlistoftherestrictedmaterialsnecessarytocontroleachpestoneachcommodity,crop,orsite
• Approximatedatesorcropstagesoftheintendedpesticideapplica-tionorapplications
• Expectedmethodofapplicationincludingthedilution,thevol-umeperacreorotherunit,andthedosage,and,
• Nameofthepestcontrolbusi-ness,ifany,thatwillberespon-sibleforusingorpossessingtherestrictedmaterial;includingthename,thebusinessaddress,andthecertificateorlicensenumberandexpirationdateofthecertifiedcommercialapplicatorresponsibleforthepestcontrolbusiness.
ThesubmittedrestrictedmaterialspermitapplicationandtheNoticeofIntentprocessauthorizestheCountyAgriculturalCommissionertodeter-minewhetherasubstantialenviron-mentalimpactwillresultfromtheproposedapplicationandtocondi-tionordenythepermittopreventsuchimpact.
Restricted Materials Permit Evaluation.Beforeissuingarestrictedmaterialusepermitandwhenevalu-atingaNoticeofIntent,theCountyAgriculturalCommissionermustconsidertheenvironmentalimpactoftheproposedpesticideuse.Iftheydeterminethatasubstantialadverseeffectontheenvironmentislikely,theymustdecidewhetherthereisafeasiblealternative,includingthealternativeofnopesticideapplication,
FIGURE2-2.
Before a restricted materials permit is issued, the county agricultural commissioner must consider local conditions, including the timing of applica-tions in relation to bee activity.
orfeasiblemitigationmeasuresthatcouldsubstantiallyreducetheadverseimpact.Iftheyidentifyfeasiblealter-nativesormitigationmeasures,theymustdenythepermitorintendedpesticideapplication,orapproveitontheconditionthatmitigationmea-suresareused.Whentheymakethesedetermi-
nations,theCountyAgriculturalCommissionermustconsiderandmakeuseoftheirknowledgeoflocalconditions,applicablesectionsoftheCaliforniaFoodandAgriculturalCodeandtheCaliforniaCodeofRegulations,pestmanagementguide-lines,DPR’sPesticideSafetyInforma-tionSeries(PSIS)leaflets,informationobtainedfrommonitoringotherpestcontroloperations,andanyotherinformationprovidedbyDPR.Inadditiontotherequiredinfor-
mation,eachnon-agriculturaloragriculturalpermitmustcontainthefollowinginformation:• Anyappropriateconditions
orlimitationsontheuseofthepesticideorpesticides,includingavailablePSISleafletsforeachpesticideincludedonthepermit
• Therequirements,ifany,foraNoticeofIntentpriortothepesticideapplication,and
• Anyotherappropriatecondi-tionsorlimitationssuchasthosedescribedinpestmanagementguidelines.TheCountyAgricul-turalCommissionerwillinformthepermitholderofthepestmanagementguidelinesthatareapplicabletothepestcontrolauthorizedinthepermit,andwheretoobtainthem.
Notice of Intent.Iftheapprovedandissuedrestrictedmaterialuseper-mitdoesnotspecifythedateandtimeoftheapplicationorapplications,thepropertyoperatormustassurethata
30 • RESTRICTED MATERIALS
NoticeofIntenttotheCountyAgricul-turalCommissionerisprovidedatleast24hoursbeforebeginningtheapplica-tion.Theapplicationcannottakeplaceuntilafter24hourshavepassed,unlesstheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerdeterminesthat:• Becauseofthenatureofthe
commodityorpestproblem,youareallowedtostartyourapplicationsoonertoattaineffectivepestcontrol,or
• Evaluationoftheintendedapplicationdoesnotrequire24hours.
TheNoticeofIntentmaybesubmittedbythepropertyoperator,theoperator’sauthorizedrepresenta-tive,orthelicensedpestcontrolbusinessmakingthepesticideapplica-tion,andmustprovideinformationabouttheproposedapplication.Ifthisinformationhasalreadybeenprovidedontherestrictedmaterialspermit,youcanrefertothepermit,otherwisetheNoticeofIntentmustincludethe:• Restrictedmaterialspermitnumber• Nameandaddressofthe
permitteeandtheapplicator
• Locationofareastobetreatedandthenameofthefarmoperator
• Croporcommodity,orifthereisnocroporcommodity,thesitetobetreated
• Approximateacresorotherunitstobetreated
• Methodofapplicationandtherestrictedmaterialorrestrictedmaterialstobeused
• Dilution,thevolumeperacreorotherunits,andthedosage
• Pestorpeststobecontrolled• Datetheintendedapplication
istocommence,and• Locationsandidentityofareas
thathavechangedsincetheper-mitwasissuedandthatmaybeadverselyimpacted.
RESTRICTED MATERIALS • 31
Restricted Material Use Permit Duration.Apermittousearestrictedmaterialisusuallyvalidforoneyearorforasinglegrowingseason,unlessitisrevokedorsuspended.However,theCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerorDPRmayissuepermitsforperennialagriculturalplantings,non-productionagriculturalsites,ornon-agriculturalsitesthatarevalidforuptothreeyears.Afterthepermitexpires,thepermitteemayretainpos-sessionoftherestrictedmaterialforwhichthepermitwasvalid,providedthepesticideisnotheldforsale,andisstoredproperly.Storagerequire-mentsareaddressedinChapter4ofthisStudyGuide.
Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) Leaflets.DPRhasdevelopedPSISleafletstoprovideadditionalinformationaboutpesticides,groupsofpesticides,orgeneralinformationaboutpesticideuse,forexamplefirstaid,respiratoryprotection,storage,anddisposal.TheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerwillprovideallapplicablePSISleafletstorestrictedmaterialspermitteeswhenapermitisissued.PSIS“SeriesA”hasbeenwrittenforuseinagriculturalset-tings,andPSIS“SeriesN”isforuseinnon-agriculturalsettings.
Generalized Effects.Ifatanytimepesticideresidues,symptoms,orhealthhazardsappeargenerallythroughoutanyarea,DPRortheCountyAgriculturalCommissionermaymakeafieldinspection.Iftheydeterminethatsubstantialloss,dam-age,orinjuryislikelytoresultfromcontinuedapplicationofaspecificpesticidewithinsuchanarea,theymaycancelallpermitsforapplica-tionsofthatpesticidewithinthatareaandspecifythatnoadditionalpermitsmaybeissueduntilfurthernotice.
Use Requirements.Californiarestrictedmaterialuseregulationsapplytoeveryonewhoreceivesarestrictedmaterialspermitandmayinclude,forexample,restrictionsregarding:• Theamountofpesticidethatcan
beapplied• Themethodsofapplication• Wheretherestrictedmaterialcan
beapplied,and• Additionalprotectiveclothing
andsafetyequipmentthatmustbewornorused.
Employersarerequiredtosupplytheiremployeeswithallspecifiedprotectiveclothingandsafetyequip-mentandtoensurethattheemploy-eeswearandusetherequiredequip-ment.Thisemployerrequirementappliesunderallcircumstanceswhenemployeeshandlepesticides.Pest Control Dealer Responsibility.
Licensedpestcontroldealersmusthaveacopyofthevalidrestrictedmaterialusepermitbeforetheycansellordeliverarestrictedmaterial.Thepermitshowsthatthebuyerisauthorizedtobuy,possessorusetherestrictedmaterialduringthevalidperiod.OtherpestcontroldealerrequirementsareaddressedinChapter3.
Exempt Materials.DPRexemptssomepesticidesfrompermitrequire-ments.Thesearepesticidesthathavebeendeterminedtorequirenofurtherrestrictionsbeyondthoseimposedbyfederalregulationsandthelabel.DPRmaintainsalistofexemptmaterials.
Refusal, Suspension, or Revocation of a Restricted Materials Permit.TheCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionercanrefuse,revoke,orsuspendarestrictedmaterialusepermitifthepermitholderviolatesanycondition
ofthepermit,oranyprovisionofthelawsorregulations.Violationsinclude:• Failuretopreparepesticideuse
recordsandkeeptheseonfilefortwoyears,orfailuretoreportpesticideuse
• Preparingfalseorfraudulentrecordsorreports,and
32 • RESTRICTED MATERIALS
• RefusingtoallowtheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPRtoenterandinspectatreatmentsiteorstoragefacility,inspectapplicationequipment,orthepesticideproductorproductsbeingused.
RESTRICTED MATERIALS • 33
1. U.S. EPA may classify a pesticide as a re-stricted use pesticide if it❏ A.Isineffectiveunlessusedattwice
thelabel-recommendedrate.❏ B.Presentsasignificantdermalhazard
toapplicators.❏ C.Leavesvisibleresiduesontreatedsurfaces.❏ D.Doesnotbreakdownwithin7days.
2. Any person in California who applies or supervises the application of a restricted material must❏ A.Attend20hoursofspecialtraining.❏ B.NotifythelocalUCCooperativeExtension
advisorbeforemakingorsupervisinganapplication.
❏ C.Obtainamedicalreleasefromaphysician.❏ D.BeaDPR-certifiedcommercialor
privateapplicator.
3. Which two documents must individuals who are engaged in pest control for hire have avai-lable when making an agricultural use application of a pesticide that requires a permit?❏ A.Copiesoftheirpestcontrolbusinesslicense
andtheapplicableUCPestManagementGuideline.
❏ B.CopiesoftheapplicableUCPestManage-mentGuidelineandcopyofthecurrentrestrictedmaterialspermit.
❏ C.Thegrower’sworkorderandpestcontrolbusinesslicense.
❏ D.Copiesofthewrittenpestcontrolrecommen-dationorgrower’sworkorderandthecurrentrestrictedmaterialspermit.
4. An application for a restricted materials permit for non-agricultural use must include the❏ A.NameandaddressofthenearestCounty
AgriculturalCommissioner.❏ B.Nameandaddressoftheindividualwho
willbemakingtheapplication.❏ C.Criteriafordeterminingtheneedforthe
pesticideapplication.❏ D.Knownhealtheffectsofthepesticideto
beapplied.
5. Restricted material use permits for the agricultural use must be ❏ A.Siteandtimespecific.❏ B.Mailedorpersonallydeliveredtoanyone
livingwithin1/4mileoftheapplication.❏ C.ApprovedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentof
PesticideRegulation.❏ D.Postedinacentrallocationfor30dayafter
theapplication.
6. Which of the following is not required information on a Notice of Intent?❏ A.Thedatetheintendedapplicationwillbegin.❏ B.Anindicationoftheapproximateacresor
unitstobetreated.❏ C.Thepestorpeststobecontrolled.❏ D.Asignedstatementreleasingtheproperty
owneroroperatorfromliability.
7. The Pesticide Safety Information Series leaflets with the “N” designation are written for ❏ A.Non-certifiedpesticidehandlers.❏ B.Non-agriculturalsettings.❏ C.Non-traditionalmethodsof
pesticideapplication.❏ D.Non-Englishspeakingpesticidehandlers.
8. Certain pesticides may be exempt from permit requirements in California if DPR Director determines that the pesticide❏ A.Applicationmaybesupervisedby
anon-certifiedhandler.❏ B.WillcausenohazardsinCalifornia.❏ C.IstoohazardoustouseinCalifornia.❏ D.Requiresnofurtherrestrictionsbeyondthose
imposedbyfederalregulationsandthelabel.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
Certification & Licensing33 GENERAL CERTIFICATION
AND LICENSING REQUIREMENTS 36
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION 37
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BUSINESS LICENSING 44
REVIEW QUESTIONS 54
GENERALCERTIFICATIONANDLICENSINGREQUIREMENTS
Followingarethegeneralrequire-
mentsforsubmittinginitialandrenewal
applicationsforDPRcertificationor
licensing.Laterinthechapteryouwill
findspecificinformationforeachcertifi-
cateandlicensetype.
Initial Application.Youmustsubmit
therequired:
• Applicationform
• Applicationfee
• Examinationfee,and
• Informationanddocumentation,
suchasproofofhaving
o Validliabilityandworkers
compensationinsurance
o AvalidFederalAviation
Administration(FAA)pilot
certificateandmedical
certificate,and
o Minimumworkand
educationalexperience.
Renewal Application.Youmustmeet
allrenewalrequirementsbeforeyour
certificateorlicenseexpires.Individuals
mustearnalloftherequiredcontinuing
educationhoursbeforeDecember31,of
theyearyourcertificateorlicenseexpires.
Otherwise,youcannotrenewandwill
havetosubmitanapplicationforanew
certificateorlicense.Youmustsubmit:
• Therenewalapplicationandfee
• Proofofcompletingcontinuing
educationhours,and
36 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
• AnyotherrequiredinformationanddocumentationbeforeDecember31,oftheyearthatyourcertificateorlicenseexpires.
Late Renewal Submission Penalty Fee.Youwillhavetopayalatesubmis-sionpenaltyfeeifyousubmityourrenewalapplication,renewalapplica-tion,renewalfee,oranyotherrequiredinformationanddocumentationafterDecember31,oftheyearthatyourcertificationorlicenseexpires.Also,ifyourcertificateorlicenseexpiresbeforeitisrenewedyoucannotworkunderitandwillhavetowaituntilitisrenewedoryouobtainanotheronethroughexamination.
Expired Certificate and License. Youcannotworkunderanexpiredcertifi-cateorlicense.
Failure to Meet the Renewal Requirements.Individualsarenotallowedtorenewiftheyfailtomeetthecontinuingeducationrequire-mentsbeforetheirlicenseorcertificateexpires.Inthesecircumstances,theymustsubmitaninitialapplicationandfee,aswellasanyrequiredexami-nationfeesiftheywishtobelicensedorcertified.Businessesarenotallowedtorenew
iftheyfailtopossessvalidliabilityinsuranceorworkercompensationinsuranceordonothaveavalidqualifiedpersonwhentheysubmitarenewalapplication.Ifyoumeetthe
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 37
insurancerequirementandqualifiedpersonrequirementbutyousubmittherenewalapplicationandproofofinsuranceaftertheDecember31,expirationdate,youwillhavetopayalatesubmissionpenaltyfee,inadditiontotherenewalfee.
Registration with the County Agricultural Commissioner.WithsomeofthecertificatesandlicensesyoumustregisterannuallywiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionerbeforeperforminganypesticideuseorpestcontrolworkinthatcounty.Somecountieswillchargeafeeforcertaincertificatesorlicenses.Insomecasesregistrationmustbedoneinpersonoritcanbedoneviamail.Formorede-tails,checkwiththecommissionerofeachcountywhereyoumustregister.
Grounds for Denying, Revoking, or Suspending any DPR Certificate or License.DPRcandenyanapplication,andrevokeorsuspendanyoftheindividualandbusinesscertificatesorlicensesitissuesforavarietyofrea-sons,andusuallyafterahearing.DPRisauthorizedtotakeactionwhenitisfoundthatanindividualorbusiness:• Makesanyfalseorfraudulent
recordorreport• Failstoadequatelysupervisethe
useofarestrictedmaterial• Failstocomplywiththelawsand
regulationsgoverningpesticidesandpesticideuse
• Isnotqualifiedtoconductthepestcontroloperationsinaccordancewiththeircertificateorlicense
• Doesnotholdanappropriateandvalidcommercialpilot’scer-tificateandacurrentappropriatemedicalcertificateissuedbytheFAA
• Hasviolatedanyprovisionsofthelawsandregulationspertainingtopesticides,any
industrialsafetyorderoftheDepartmentofIndustrialRela-tions,orhasnotcompliedwithanyorderoftheCountyAgricul-turalCommissionerorDPR
• FailstonotifyDPR,inwriting,ofanychangeofaddress
• Failstocomplywiththelawsandregulationsrelatingtopesticides
• Makesfalseormisleadingstatementsinwrittenrecordsorreports
• Makesfalseormisleadingstate-mentsregardingthepestcontrolwork
• Makesfalseorfraudulentstate-ments,ormisrepresentingorfailingtodiscloseimportantfactswhenyouapplyforalicenseorrenewalofalicense
• Failstoputrecommendationsinwritingormakesfalseorfraudu-lentstatementsinwrittenrecom-mendations
• Violatesapplicablestateorfeder-allawsorregulations,orviolatesregulationsadoptedbythelocalCountyAgriculturalCommissioner
• Failstopasstheexaminationonlawsandregulations,orfailstopassatleastonepestcontrolcategoryexamination,or
• Makesarecommendationinacategoryinwhichheorsheisnotlicensed.
SPECIFICREQUIREMENTSFORINDIVIDUALCERTIFICATESANDLICENSES
Applicator Certificates and Licenses.Followingarethespecificrequire-mentsforthe:• QualifiedApplicatorCertificate• QualifiedApplicatorLicense• PestControlAircraftPilot
Certificate—Apprentice,and• PestControlAircraftPilot
Certificate–Journeyman.
Qualified Applicator Certificate. YoumustpossessaQualifiedApplica-torCertificate(QAC)beforeyoucanuseorsupervisetheuseofrestrictedusepesticides/restrictedmaterials.However,individualsthatholdonlyaMaintenanceGardenerQAC–Qisnotauthorizedtopurchase,apply,orsupervisetheapplicationofrestrictedmaterials.Inordertopurchase,ap-ply,orsupervisetheuseofrestrictedmaterialsinamaintenancegardeningsetting,theindividualshallpossessavalidQACintheLandscapeMainte-nancePestControlCategoryB.Youcanbethequalifiedresponsible
personforamaintenancegardeningpestcontrolbusiness,when• YouhavetheQACLandscape
MaintenancePestControlCategoryB,or
• YouhavetheQACMaintenanceGardenerPestControlCategoryQ.
However,thiscertificatedoesnotauthorizeyoutoactastheresponsiblepersonforalicensedpestcontrolbusi-ness.
Minimum Requirements—QAC.YoumustpassthecoreexaminationonLaws,RegulationsandBasicPrinciplesandatleastonepestcontrolcategoryexaminationbeforebeingissuedaninitialQAC.Thetypeofpestcontrolthatwillbeconductedmustfallunderthescopeofthepestcontrolcategory.
Continuing Education Requirements— QAC.Formostpestcontrolcategories,youmustcompleteaminimumof20hoursofDPR-approvedpestmanage-mentandpesticideinstructionduringthetwo-yearvalidperiodifyouwishtorenewyourQAC.Atleastfourhoursofthiscontinuingeducationmustpertaintopesticidelawsandregulations.ThereisnograceperiodaftertheDecember31,expirationdateifyoufailtoearntherequirednumber
38 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
ofcontinuingeducationhours.Ifyou
failtomeettheminimumcontinuingeducationrequirementsyoucannotrenew.Thecontinuingeducationrecord-keepingrequirementsforalllicenseandcertificateholdersaread-dressedlaterinthischapter.ToagainpossesstheQACyoumustagainap-plytotaketherequiredexaminations.ThefollowingexceptionstotheCErequirementsapplytoaQACholderwhohasonlythe:• MaintenanceGardenerPest
ControlCategoryQmusthaveaminimumofeighthoursofDPR-approvedpestmanage-mentandpesticideinstructionforeachtwo-yearvalidperiod.Includedintheeighthoursofinstructionmustbeatleasttwohourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations;or
• Antifouling-tributyltinPestControlCategoryM;SewerLineRootControlPestControlCat-egoryN;and/orMicrobialPestControlPestControlCategoryPshallcompleteaminimumofeighthoursofapprovedcontinu-ingeducationrelatingtopestmanagementandpesticides,includingnotlessthantwohourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations;or
• AQACholderwhohasonlytheSeedTreatmentPestControlCategoryHmusthaveaminimumoffourhoursofDPR-approvedpestmanagementandpesticideinstructionforeachtwo-yearcertificateperiod.Includedinthefourhoursofinstructionmustbeatleasttwohourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations.
Qualified Applicator License. TheQualifiedApplicatorLicense(QAL)isrequiredforthepersonwhoisresponsibleforsupervisingthepest
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 39
controloperationsofalicensedPestControlBusiness,whetherrestrictedusepesticides,restrictedmaterialsorgeneralusepesticidesarebeingused.ApersonwiththislicensemayalsouseorsupervisetheuseofpesticidesunderalicensedMaintenanceGar-denerPestControlBusiness,iftheyarequalifiedintheLandscapeMainte-nancePestControlCategoryB.
Minimum Requirements—QAL.BeforeaninitialQALisissued,orbeforealicenseisissuedtoapersonwhohasnotpossessedavalidQualifiedApplicatorLicensewithinthelast12months,applicantsmustpassthe“Laws,Regulations,andBasicPrin-ciples”examination.Inaddition,theymustpassoneormoreofthecategoryexaminations,dependingonwhattypeofpestcontrolwillbeconductedbythebusiness.AQALholdermayuseorsupervisetheuseofanypesti-cide,restricteduse,restrictedmaterialorgeneraluse,onlyinthecategoriesinwhichtheyhavebeenfoundtobequalifiedthroughtheexaminationprocess.
Continuing Education Require-ments— QAL.Formostpestcontrolcategories,torenewyourQALyoumustcompleteaminimumof20hoursofDPR-approvedpestmanage-mentandpesticideinstructionwithineachtwo-yearlicenseperiod.Atleastfourhoursofthiscontinuingeducationmustpertaintopesticidelawsandregulations.Thereisnograceperiod.Ifyoufailtoearntherequirednumberofcontinuingeducationhoursbeforethelicenseexpirationdate,youcannotrenew.Toagainpossessthelicenseyoumustagainpasstheexaminations.ThefollowingexceptionstotheCErequirementsapplytoaQALholderwhohasonlythe:
• SeedTreatmentPestControl
CategoryHmusthaveamini-mumoffourhoursofDPR-approvedpestmanagementandpesticideinstructionforeachtwo-yearlicenseperiod.In-cludedinthe4hoursofinstruc-tionmustbeatleasttwohourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations;or
• Antifouling-tributyltinPestControlCategoryM;SewerLineRootControlPestControlCat-egoryN;and/orMicrobialPestControlPestControlCategoryPshallcompleteaminimumofeighthoursofapprovedcontinu-ingeducationrelatingtopestmanagementandpesticides,includingnotlessthantwohourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations.
Thecontinuingeducationrecord-keepingrequirementsforalllicenseesandcertificateholdersareaddressedlaterinthischapter.
County Registration.Countyregis-trationisnotrequiredforaQAL.However,ifyouaretheresponsiblepersonforapestcontrolbusinessandthebusinessplanstoworkinasingleorvariouscounties,thepestcontrolbusinessmustregisterwitheachCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerwheretheyplantowork.YourQALcardwillbeimprintedontheCountyRegistrationform,sinceyouarethebusiness’sresponsibleperson.Mostcountiesrequireafee
forpestcontrolbusinesslicenseregistration.Thefeeappliestotheregistrationoftheprincipalofficelocationandeachbranchofficelocation.Registrationisrequiredannuallyandcoversonecalendaryear.Forinformationonthecountyregistrationfees,contacttheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerwhereyourbusinessintendstooperate.
Pest Control Aircraft Pilot Certifi-cate—(PCAPC).Ifyouperformpestcontrolwhileoperatinganaircraftyoumustholdavalid:• DPRPestControlAircraftPilot
Certificate• CommercialFAA
pilot’scertificate• Medicalcertificateissued
bytheFAA,and• MeetallotherFAA
requirements.
YoumustpossessavalidPCAPCtoconductpestcontrolasaprivateapplicatororcommercialapplicator.Therearetwotypesofpilotcertifi-
cates:ApprenticeandJourneyman.Toearnthecertificates,youmustpassexaminationtodemonstrateyour:• Abilitytolegallyandsafely
conductaerialpestcontroloperations,and
• Knowledgeofthenatureandeffectofaerialpestcontrol.
Beforeaninitialapprenticecertifi-
cateisissuedyoumustpassacoreexaminationonLaws,RegulationsandBasicPrinciplesandtheApprenticePilotexaminations.YoumustpasstheJourneymanPilotexaminationtogettheJourneymanPilotCertificate.
Minimum Requirements for the Apprentice Pilot.BeforeyoustarttomakeaerialpestcontrolapplicationsinCaliforniayoumustobtainanapprenticecertificatebypassingtheexaminations.Asacertifiedapprenticepilotyoumayconductpestcontrolactivitiesonlyunderthedirectandpersonalsupervisionofsomeonewhoholdsavalidjourneyman’scertificatefromDPR.Thejourneymanpilotresponsibleforsupervisingyoumustbeawareoftheconditionsattheap-plicationsiteandbeavailabletodirectandcontrolthemannerinwhichyoumakeapplications.Theavailabilityof
40 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
thejourneymanmustbedirectlyre-latedtotheactualorpotentialhazardofthesituation.
Minimum Requirements for the Journeyman Pilot.Onceyouareanapprenticepilotforatleastoneyearyoumaytakethejourneymanpilotexaminationafteryouhavecom-pletedaminimumof150hoursofpestcontrolinafixed-wingaircraftor50hoursofpestcontrolinanon-fixedwingaircraftwithinthepasttwocalendaryears.Youmusthavethejourneymanpilotwhosupervisedyoucompleteandsigna“StatementofSupervision,”andyoumustreturnthestatement,withtheapplication,whenyouapplytotaketheJourneymanPilotExamination.
Pesticide Handling by Pilots.Pilotsoperatingapestcontrolaircraftmustnottransfer,mix,orloadliquidpesticidesthatarelabeledwiththesignalword“DANGER/POISON,”“DANGER”or“WARNING”andthatcontainorganophosphatesorcarbamatesunlessaclosedsystemisused.
County Registration.Beforeyoucanoperateasanapprenticeorjourney-manpestcontrolpilotinanycounty,youmustregisterwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionerofeachcountywhereyouintendtoperformwork.Ineachcountyapprenticepilotsmustincludethenameofthejourneymanpilotresponsibleforprovidingsupervisionofthepestcontrolactivities.Thejourneymanpilotnamedontheapprenticepilot’scountyregistrationmustalsobecur-rentlyregisteredwiththatcounty.Ifthejourneymanpilotnamedontheapprentice’sregistrationcannolongerprovidethesupervision,theappren-ticepilotmustimmediatelynotifytheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 41
andamendtheregistration.Youmustregisterinpersoninonecounty,butthenregistrationwithanyothercountymaybedonebymail.Checkwitheachcountyfortheregistrationfeeforapilotregisteringinthefirstcountyandeachadditionalcounty.Youarerequiredtoregisterannually,andregistrationcoversonecalendaryear.Youcanrequesttheappropri-ateformsforregistrationfromtheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerwhereyouregisterinperson.
Continuing Education Requirements —Pilots.YourPCAPCcannotberenewedunlessyouhavecompletedaminimumof20hoursofDPR-approvedpestmanagementandpesticideinstructionwithineachtwo-yearcertificateperiod.Includedinthe20hoursofinstructionmustbeatleastfourhourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulation,andfourhourspertainingtoaerialapplicationequipmentandtech-niques.Thecontinuingeducationrecord-keepingrequirementsforalllicensesandcertificateholdersareaddressedlaterinthischapter.Thereisnograceperiod.Ifyoufailtoearntherequirednumberofcontinuingeducationhoursbeforethecertificateexpirationdate,youcannotrenew.Toagainpossessthecertificateyoumustagainpasstheexaminations.
Denial, Revocation, and Suspension of a PCAPC.DPRcandenyyourap-plicationforacertificateandrevokeorsuspendacertificateofanypilot,afterahearing,foranyofthefollow-ingreasons.Thepilot:• Isnotqualifiedtoconduct
thepestcontroloperationsinaccordancewiththeCertificate
• Doesnotholdanappropriateandvalidcommercialpilot’scertificateandacurrentappropriatemedicalcertificate
issuedbytheFAA• Hasviolatedanyprovisions
ofthelawsandregulationspertainingtopesticides,anyindustrialsafetyorderoftheDepartmentofIndustrialRelations,and
• HasnotcompliedwithanyorderoftheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPR.
DPRmayalsoplaceconditionsontheauthoritiesofanypestcontrolair-craftpilot’scertificateifitisdeterminedthatcontinuanceofthecertificateendangerspublicwelfareorsafety.
Non-Applicator Licenses.Thefol-lowingrequirementsapplytothelistednon-applicatorlicenses.
Agricultural Pest Control Adviser License.YoumustpossessavalidAgriculturalPestControlAdviser(PCA)Licensebeforeyoucandoanyofthefollowing:• Providepestcontrolrecom-
mendationsconcerninganyagriculturaluse
• Offeryourselfasanauthorityonanyagriculturaluse,or
• Solicitservicesorsalesforagriculturaluse.
Exemptions.Thefollowingpeopleareexemptfromthepestcontroladviserlicensingrequirements:• Officialsoffederal,state,and
countydepartmentsofagriculture,and
• UniversityofCaliforniapersonnel,providedtheirrecommendationsareforspecificapplicationsonspecificparcelsandinwriting.
Minimum Qualifications—PCAIfyouhaveneverpossessedavalid
CaliforniaPestControlAdviserLicenseyoumustmeettheminimumeducationandworkqualifications
listedinregulationbeforeyoucanapplytotaketherequiredexaminations.YoumustpassacoreexaminationonLaws,Regulations,andBasicPrinciplesandatleastonepestexaminationtoearnacontrolcategory.
Adviser Pest Control Categories and Recommendations.AgriculturalPestControlAdvisersareauthorizedtomakeonlywrittenrecommendationsincategoriesinwhichtheyhavebeenfoundtobequalifiedthroughtheexaminationprocess.
County Registration.BeforeyoucanworkasalicensedAgriculturalPestControlAdviserinanycounty,youmustregisterwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.YouwillfirstregisterinpersonwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionerinyourhomecountyasindicatedbytheaddressonyourPestControlAdviserlicense.IfyouraddressisnotinCalifornia,registerinpersoninyourcountyofoccupationalchoice.Youcanregisterinadditionalcountiesbymailwhentheaddi-tionalCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerallowsit.Youmustindicateontheregistra-
tionformthelocationwhereyourwrittenrecommendationswillbeavailableforreview.Youcanob-taintheseformsfromtheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerinyourhomecountyorcountyofoccupa-tionalchoice,andfindouttheregis-trationfeefromeachcountywhereyouwishtoregister.Countiesmaychargearegistra-
tionfeeforpestcontroladviserstoregisterintheirhomecountyorcountyofoccupationalchoiceandanadditionalfeeforeachadditionalcountyregistration.Registrationisrequiredannuallyandcoversonecalendaryear.Forfurther
42 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
informationoncountyregistrationfees,contacttheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerwhereyouintendtooperate.
Written Recommendations.Youmustmakeallagriculturaluserecommenda-tionsinwriting.Youmustsignanddateonecopyofeachwrittenrecommendationandfurnishittotheoperatorofthepropertypriortotheapplication.Whenapesticideuseisrecommended,youmustalsofurnishacopyoftherecommendationtothedealerandtheapplicatorpriortotheapplication.Eachrecommen-dationmustincludeinformationapplicabletothepestcontrolsituation,suchasthe:• Nameanddosageofeachpesti-
cidetobeusedoradescriptionofthepestcontrolmethodrec-ommended.Recommendationsarenotalwaysfortheuseofapesticide.
• Acceptedcommonnameofthepesttobecontrolled
• Owneroroperatoroftheproperty• Acreageorotherunittobetreated
anditslocation• Commodity,crop,orsiteto
betreated• Suggestedschedule,time,or
conditionsforthepesticideapplicationorothercontrolmethod
• Warningofthepossibilityofdamagesbythepesticideapplica-tionthatreasonablyshouldhavebeenknownbytheAgriculturalPestControlAdvisertoexist
• Totalacresorunitstobetreated• Concentrationandvolumeper
acreorotherunits• Workerrestricted-entryinterval,
ifonehasbeenestablished;thepre-harvestorpre-slaughterinterval;andthelabelrestrictionsonuseordispositionofthetreatedcommodity,
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 43
by-products,ortreatedarea• Criteriausedfordetermining
theneedfortherecommendedtreatment
• Certificationthatalternativesandmitigationmeasuresthatwouldsubstantiallylessenanysignificantadverseimpactontheenvironmenthavebeenconsideredincludingand,iffeasible,adopted,and
• Signatureandaddressoftheadviser,thedate,andthenameandaddressofthebusinesstheadviserrepresents.
Advisersmustretainacopyofeachwrittenrecommendationforoneyearfollowingthedateoftherecommen-dation.
Continuing Education Requirements.TorenewyourAgriculturalPestControlAdviserLicenseyoumustcompleteaminimumof40hoursofDPR-approvedpesticideorpestman-agementinstructionwithineachtwo-yearlicenseperiod.The40hoursofinstructionmustincludeatleastfourhourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations.Thereisnograceperiod.Ifyoufailtoearntherequirednum-berofcontinuingeducationhoursbeforethelicenseexpirationdate,youcannotrenew.Toagainpossessthelicenseyoumustagainpasstheexaminations.
Denial, Revocation, and Suspension of the Agricultural Pest Control Adviser License and County Registration. DPRcanrefuseyourapplication,orrevokeorsuspendyourAgriculturalPestControlAdviserLicense,afterahearing,forthefollowingreasons:• Failuretoputrecommendations
inwriting• Makingfalseorfraudulent
statementsinwrittenrecommendations
• Violatinganyapplicablestateorfederallaworregulation,orviolatinganyregulationadoptedbythelocalCountyAgriculturalCommissioner
• Failuretopasstheexaminationonlawsandregulations,orfail-ingtopassatleastonecategoryexamination,or
• Makingarecommendationinacategoryinwhichyouarenotlicensed.
TheCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionermayrefuse,revoke,orsuspendanadviser’scountyregistrationforthesamereasons.IftheCountyAgriculturalCommissionertakesanydisciplinaryactionagainsttheregistrationofanadviser,theadvisermaysubmitawrittenappealtoDPRwithintendaysofthecommis-sioner’sdecision.Pest Control Dealer Designated
Agent License. Licensedpestcontroldealersmusthaveadesignat-edagentattheprincipalofficeandateachbranchlocation.ApersonmayqualifyasadesignatedagentbypossessingavalidPestControlDealerDesignatedAgentLicense.Adesignatedagentisrequiredtoactivelysupervisealloperationsconductedatthatlocation.
Minimum Qualifications. Beforeaninitiallicenseisissued,orbeforealicenseisissuedtoapersonwhohasnotpossessedavalidPestControlDealerDesignatedAgentLicensewithinthelast12months,applicantsmustpassanexaminationtodemonstratetheirknowledgeofthelawsandregulationsgoverningtheuseandsaleofpesticidesandtheresponsibilitiesinvolvedincarryingonthebusinessofapestcontroldealer.
Continuing Education Requirement. Nocontinuingeducationisrequiredatthistimefortherenewalofthislicense.
Pesticide Broker License.Whetheryouresideout-of-stateorwithinthestate,youmusthaveavalidpesticidebrokerlicensebeforeyoucan• Engageinthesaleofordistribu-
tiontosellDPR-registeredpesti-cideswithinCalifornia,and
• Sellordistributetosellthesepesticidestoanotherlicensedpesticidebrokerorlicensedpestcontroldealer.Thislicensedoesnotauthorizethesaleofanypesticidetoendusers.
Thefollowingarenotrequiredtoobtainabrokerlicense:• Registrantssellingtheir
ownDPR-registeredpesticideproducts,and
• Licensedpestcontroldealers.Licensedpesticidebrokersarenot
authorizedtosolicitpesticidesalesbymakingagriculturaluserecommenda-tions,personallyorthroughothers.Inaddition,brokerscannotlegallysellordistributetoselltousersforanyofthefollowing:• Pesticidesforanagriculturaluse• Anymethodordeviceforthe
controlofagriculturalpests,suchasbiologicalagents,lures,orinsecttrappingdevices,and
• Arestrictedmaterialthatrequiresarestrictedmaterialpermitorapplicatorcertificationforuseorpossession.
Asabroker,forfouryearsyoumustmaintainrecordsofpurchases,sales,anddistributionsofpesticidesintoorwithinCalifornia.YoumustmaketheserecordsavailabletotheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPRuponrequest.Theserecordsapplytotheprincipalandanybranchloca-tions.Also,brokersmuston
44 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
aquarterlybasisreportthe:• Totaldollarsofsalesandtotal
poundsorgallonsofpesticidessoldinto,orwithinCalifornia,and
• FirstsaleofanypesticideproductintoorwithinCaliforniawithamillassessmentreportpluspayallmillassessments.
Continuing Education Requirement.ContinuingeducationisnotrequiredatthistimefortherenewalofthePesticideBrokerLicense.
County Registration.CountyRegistra-tionisnotrequiredatthistime.
Denial, Revocation, or Suspension of a Pesticide Broker License.DPRcandenyyourapplication,andrevokeorsuspendapesticidebrokerlicense,afterahearing,for:• FailingtonotifyDPR,inwriting,
ofanychangeofaddress• Failingtocomplywiththe
lawsandregulationsrelatingtopesticides
• Makingfalseorfraudulentstate-ments,ormisrepresentingorfailingtodiscloseimportantfactswhenyouapplyforalicenseorrenewalofalicense,or
• Makingfalseormisleadingstatementsinwrittenrecordsorreportsrelatingtopesticides.
SPECIFICREQUIREMENTSFORBUSINESSLICENSES
Pest Control Business License.TheDepartmentofPesticideRegulationisrequiredtolicenseanyonewhoadvertisesorsolicitsto,oroperatesabusinesstoconductpestcontrolforhireinCalifornia.Thefollowingpestcontrolactivitiesareexempted:• Preservativetreatmentoffabrics
orstructuralmaterials
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 45
• Seedtreatmentthatisincidentalto(occurswhileperforming)theindividual’sregularbusiness
• Structuralpestcontrol• Householdorindustrial
sanitationservices• Livecaptureandreleaseof
vertebratepests,or• Ifyouregularlyengageinthe
businessoftreesurgery,youarenotrequiredtoobtainalicensetoremovediseasedorinfestedtissuesortoapplydisinfectantstowoundsorcavitiesincidentaltotreesurgery.
Eachpestcontrolbusinessmusthaveaqualifiedapplicatorresponsibleforthepestcontroloperationsofthebusiness.TheresponsiblequalifiedapplicatormustpossessavalidQALinpestcontrolcategoriesinlinewiththetypeofpestcontroltobeconductedbythebusiness.SeetheapplicationinformationinthesectionfortheQAL.
No Fee Pest Control Business License.Ifyoudonotregularlyengageinthebusinessofpestcontrol,butyouoperateonlyinthevicinityofyourownpropertyandfortheaccommo-dationofyourneighbors,youdonotneedtopaythepestcontrolbusinesslicensefee.However,youarestillrequiredtoobtainthepestcontrolbusinesslicenseandmeetalloftheotherPestControlBusinessLicenserequirements:• Youoranemployeeresponsible
forthepestcontroloperationsmustpossessavalidQALandmeetalloftherequirementsforobtainingandrenewingtheQAL
• Youmusthavetherequiredliabilityinsuranceorbond,and
• Youmusthaveworkercompen-sationinsurance,ifyouhaveemployees.
Maintenance Gardener Pest Control Business License.Anyoneworkingprimarilyinmaintenancegar-dening,landscapemaintenance,andinteriorscapemaintenanceandapplyanypesticideasanincidentalpartoftheirbusinessmustbelicensedasMaintenanceGardenerPestControlBusinesses.Thislicenseisrequiredforanyincidentalpestcontrolwhenitisdoneforhire,includingtheuseofsnailbaitandotherpesticidesthatareprovidedbythehomeownerorpropertyoperator.Theuseofrestrictedmaterialsisnotcoveredbythisbusinesslicense.Ifyoucontracttodolandscape
maintenanceinparks,golfcourses,orcemeteriesyoumustobtainaPestControlBusinessLicenseifyourworkincludespestcontrol.PestcontrolforhireinthesesettingsisnotcoveredunderthescopeofMaintenanceGardenerPestControlBusinessLicense.
ThefollowingrequirementsapplytoeachtypeofDPR-licensedpestcontrolbusiness:• PestControlBusiness• No-FeePestControlBusiness,and• MaintenanceGardener
PestControlBusiness.
Minimum Requirements.YoucanapplyforaPestControlBusinessLicense,NoFeePestControlBusinessLicenseandMaintenanceGardenerPestControlBusinessLi-censebysubmittingacompletedapplicationandanyrequiredfeetoDPR.Theapplicationmustincludethenameandlicense/certificatenumberoftheresponsibleperson.Ifyourbusinesshasemployeesyoumustalsosubmitproofofhavingworkerscompensationinsurance.Youmustalsosubmitproofthatyouhavefinancialresponsibility,suchasliabilityinsuranceoraSurety
Bond,fordamagesresultingfromyourpestcontrolwork.County Registration.Beforeyoucanworkunderanyoftheaboveafore-mentionedpestcontrolbusinesslicensesyoumustregisterwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionerineachcountyinwhichyouintendtoconductpestcontrolforhire.Mostcountiesrequireafeeforregistrationoftheprincipalofficelocationandforeachbranchofficelocation.Registrationisrequiredannuallyandcoversonecalendaryear.
Pest Control Equipment.Youmustconspicuouslyandlegiblyidentifyeachpieceofequipmentyouuseformixingorapplyingpesticides.Youmustmarkeachgroundrig,servicerig,andsimilarequipmentyouuseformixingorapplyingpesticideswitheitherthenameofthebusinessorwith“LicensedPestControlOpera-tor,”“FumigationDivision,”orsimilarwording.Youmustalsoincludeyourpestcontroloperatorlicensenumberorthatofthefirm.Thesemarkingsmustbelargeenoughtobereadableatadistanceof25feet.Inaddition,youmustregister
eachpieceofapplicationequipmentineachcountywhereyouintendtousethisequipment.TheCountyAgriculturalCommissionermayarrangetohaveallofyourfirm’spestcontrolequipmentinspectedwhenyouregisterittoensurethatitisproperlymarkedandinsafeworkingcondition.
Notice of Application.Beforeyouperformpestcontrolyoumustgivenoticetotheoperatorofthepropertyyouwillbetreatingandobtainthatperson’sconsent.Theoperatorofthepropertymustthengivenoticetoeveryoneknowntobeonthepropertyorlikelytoenterwhileanyrestrictionsonentryareineffect.Whennotified
46 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
bythepropertyoperatorfarmlaborcontractorsareresponsibleforgivingnoticetotheiremployees.Eachnoticemust:• Statethedateoftheapplication
• Identifythepesticidebybrandnameorcommonchemicalname,and
• Beadequatetoadviseoftheprecautions,includingrestricted-entryprovisions,fromtheregisteredlabelorapplicablelawsandregulationsthatmustbeobserved.
Completion Notice.Inadditiontotheapplicationnoticerequirementsdescribedabove,apestcontrolbusinessthatappliespesticidesfortheproductionofanagriculturalcommoditymustalsogiveacomple-tionnoticetotheoperatorofthetreatedproperty.Thisnoticemustbegivenwithin24hoursaftercompletingthepesticideapplicationandincludethe:• Locationoftheproperty,
includingthesiteidentificationnumber,andtheacreagethatwastreated
• Pesticideorpesticidesthatwereapplied
• Dateandhourthattheapplica-tionwascompleted,and
• Applicablerestricted-entryandpre-harvestintervals.
Thepropertyoperatormustcommunicateinwritingtothepestcontrolbusinessifheorshewillnotbeavailabletoreceivethecompletionnoticewithinthe24-hourperiod.Thiswrittennoticefromthe
propertyoperatormustalsodescribethemethodbywhichtheychoosetoreceivethisnotification.Themethodmaybe,butisnotlimitedto:• Postingorleavingthecompletion
noticeinadesignatedlocationontheoperator’sproperty
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 47
• Recordingthecompletionnoticeonaphoneansweringmachineorvoicemail,or
• SendingthecompletionnoticebyFAX.
Thepestcontrolbusinessmustretainacopyofthewrittennotifica-tioninstructionstheyreceivedfromthepropertyoperator.Thepestcon-trolbusinessmustalsomaintainawrittenrecordthatdocumentsthe:• Nameoftheoperatorofthe
propertythatwastreated• Locationoftheproperty,includ-
ingthesiteidentificationnumber• Dateandtimethecompletion
noticewasgiven,and• Methodthatwasusedfor
notificationandthenameofthepersonwhowasnotified.
TheserecordsmustberetainedfortwoyearsandmadereadilyavailabletotheCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerorDPRuponrequest.Thepropertyoperatormustmain-
tainrecordsoftheapplicationnoticeandcompletionnoticeforeachsitethatwastreatedandacopyofanywrittennotificationinstructionsgiventothepestcontrolbusiness.
Recommendation and Restricted Material Use Permit.Thepestcontrolbusinessmustkeepavailableacopyofthewrittenpestcontrolrecommen-dation,andtherestrictedmaterialspermitcoveringeachagriculturaluseapplicationofapesticidethatrequiresarestrictedmaterialspermit.
Pesticide Accident ReportingYoumustimmediatelyreport
accidentstotheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.Thereportmustincludethelocationoftheaccident,thepesticideinvolved,andtheesti-matedamountofpesticidereleased.Youmustdothisbyradio,telephone,oranyotherexpedientmethod.The
reportingrequirementappliestoanypesticiderelatedaccidentincludingany:
• Forcedlandingofapestcon-trolaircraft
• Mishapinvolvingpesticide
applicationequipmentandtransportvehicles,or
• Typeofemergencyoracciden-talpesticiderelease.
Operator Identification Numbers.Pestcontrolbusinessesarerequiredtoobtainfromeachpropertyoperatoranoperatoridentificationnumberwhenthebusinessmakesapesticideapplicationforproducinganagricul-turalcommodity.Propertyoperatorsmustobtaintheiroperatoridenti-ficationnumberfromtheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerbeforetheycanpurchaseandusepesticidesfortheproductionofanagriculturalcommodity.
Pesticide Use Records.Youmustmaintainpesticideuserecordsforeachapplicationmadebythepestcontrolbusiness.Inaddition,userecordsarerequiredwhenusinganypesticides:• Foranyagriculturaluse• ListedinSection64003CCR• Forindustrialpost-harvest
commoditytreatment,or• Usedforoutdoorinstitutional
orindustrialpestcontrol.Therecordsmustincludethe:• Dateofapplication• Nameoftheoperatorof
thepropertytreated• Locationofthepropertytreated• Crop,commodity,orsitetreated• Totalacreageorunitstreated
atthesite,and• Nameofthepesticide,
includingU.S.EPAorstateregistrationnumberonthepesticidelabel,andtheamountused.
Whentheapplicationisforpro-ducinganagriculturalcommoditytherecordmustalsoincludethe:• Locationofthepropertytreated,
bycounty,section,township,range,base,andmeridian
• Hourthetreatmentwascom-pleted
• Operatoridentificationnumberissuedtotheoperatorofthepropertytreated
• Siteidentificationnumberissuedtotheoperatorofthepropertytreated
• Totalplantedacreageorunitsatthesite,and
• Nameofthepersonwhomadeandsupervisedthepesticideapplication.
ThepropertyoperatorandthepestcontrolbusinessmustretaintheserecordsfortwoyearsandmakethemimmediatelyavailabletotheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPRuponrequest.
Pesticide Use Reports for Production Agriculture.Whenyourpestcontrolbusinessappliespesticidesforthepro-ductionofanagriculturalcommodity,youmustsubmitausereporttotheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerofthecountyinwhichtheapplicationtookplace.Thismustbedonebyhanddeliveryormailwithinsevendaysofcompletionofthepesticideapplica-tion.Ifyoumailthereport,thepost-markisthedateofdelivery.Within30daysofcompletionofthepesticideapplication,thepestcontrolbusinessmustsendacopyofthepesticideusereporttotheoperatorofthepropertywherethepestcontrolwasdone.Thepropertyoperatormustretainacopyofthebusiness’spesticideusereportbysitefortwoyears.Pesticideusereportsmustbeona
DPRformorinaformatapprovedbyDPR.Reportsmustincludethein-formationrequiredfor“PesticideUse
48 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
Records”,plusthenameandaddressofthepestcontrolbusinessthatmadetheapplication.Monthly Summary Pesticide Use Reports.Allpestcontrolbusinessesthatarerequiredtomaintainpesticideuserecordsofpesticideapplicationsforotherthanforproducinganagriculturalcommodity,mustreportamonthlysummaryofpesticideusetotheagriculturalcommissionerofthecountyinwhichtheworkwasperformed.Thisreportingrequirementisinadditiontothereportingrequire-mentsunderTheHealthySchoolsAct.Themonthlysummaryusereportmustbehand-deliveredormailedbythetenthdayofthemonththatfollowsthemonthinwhichtheworkwasperformed.Ifthereportismailed,thepostmarkisthedateofdelivery.ThereportmustbemadeonDPR’s
MonthlySummaryPesticideUseReportformorinaformatapprovedbytheDirectorofDPR.Thereportmustincludethe:• Nameandaddressoftheperson,
business,ororganizationwhoappliedthepesticides
• Countywherethepestcontrolwasperformed
• Monthandyearofthepesticideuse
• Crop,commodity,orsitetreated,exceptwhenusingadesignatedusecodeasspecifiedonDPR’sMonthlySummaryPesticideUseReportform
• Pesticide,includingtheU.S.EPAorstateregistrationnumberthatisonthepesticidelabel,andtheamountused
• Numberofapplicationsmadewitheachpesticideandthetotalnumberofapplicationsmadeduringthemonth,and
• Totalacresorunitstreatedwitheachpesticide,exceptwhenusing
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 49
adesignatedusecodeasspeci-fiedonDPR’sMonthlySummaryPesticideUseReportform.
Negative Pesticide Use Reports.AlicensedpestcontrolbusinessmustsubmitanegativePesticideUseRe-portduringanymonthinwhichtheyperformednopestcontrolwork.ThisnegativeusereportmustbesubmittedtotheCountyAgriculturalCom-missionerineachcountywherethebusinessisregistered.Theymustdothisbythetenthdayofthefollowingmonth.Ifthereportismailed,thepostmarkisthedateofdelivery.
Violations.Whenoperatinganypestcontrolbusiness,itisagainstthelawto:• OperatewithoutavalidDPR
pestcontrolbusinesslicense• Makeanyfalseorfraudulent
recordorreport• Operateinanycountywithout
firsthavingregisteredwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissioner
• Operateequipmentwithincom-petentorunqualifiedpeopleinchargeoftheequipment,or
• Usefraudormisrepresentationinmakingapplicationforalicenseorforrenewalofalicense.
Pest Control Dealer License.AnypersonorbusinessmustholdavalidDPRpestcontroldealerlicensebefore:• Sellingtousersanypesticidefor
anagriculturaluse• Sellingtousersanymethodor
deviceforcontrollingagriculturalpests,suchasbiologicalagents,lures,orinsecttrappingdevices
• Solicitingsalesofpesticidesbymakingagriculturaluserecom-mendationsthroughfieldrepre-sentativesorotheragents,or
• Sellinganyrestrictedusepes-ticideorrestrictedmaterial
thatrequireseitherarestrictedmaterialusepermitorapplicatorcertification.
Pestcontroldealerswithmultiplebusinesslocationsmusthavealicensefortheprincipallocationandforeachbranchlocation.Branchlocationincludeseachsalesyard,store,orsaleslocationownedandoperatedbythepestcontroldealer.Apestcontroldealerisresponsiblefortheactionsofeachemployeeregardingthesolicitationandsaleofpesticidesandregardingallpesticideuseclaimsandrecommendations.Licensedpestcontrolbusinesses
thatsellonlypesticidesthattheyapplyarenotrequiredtohaveavalidpestcontroldealerlicense.Govern-mentagencies,suchasCountyAgriculturalCommissionersthatprovideagriculturalusepesticides,arenotrequiredtohaveapestcontroldealerlicense.
County Registration.PestcontroldealersarenotrequiredtoregisterwithCountyAgriculturalCommis-sioners.
Minimum Requirements.ApplicantsmustsubmitacorrectlycompletedapplicationandrequiredfeestoDPR.Yourapplicationmustalsoshowthatyouhaveaqualifiedindividualresponsibleforactivelysupervisingallsalesactivitiesateachmainandbranchlocation.
Pest Control Dealer Supervi-sion—Designated Agent.Eachlicensedpestcontroldealermusthaveandmaintainattheprincipalofficeandateachbranchlocation,adesignatedagenttoactivelysupervisealloperationsconductedatthelocation.Thepersondesig-natedastheagentmusthaveatleastoneofthefollowingvaliddocuments:
• PestControlDealerDesignatedAgentLicense
• AgriculturalPestControlAdviserLicense
• PestControlAircraftPilotCertificate(JourneymanorApprentice),or
• QualifiedApplicatorLicense.Appropriate Products.Eachlicensedpestcontroldealermustsellordeliverapesticideonlywhentherequiredwrittenrecommendationprovidedtothedealer,orwrittenbyadealeremployee,correspondstothepesti-cidelabel.Itisillegalforapestcontroldealertoknowinglysellordeliverapesticideunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:• Forausenotshowninthelabel• Ifthelabelcannotbecomplied
with,and• Ifthepestcontrolrecommenda-
tionisinconflictwiththelabel.
Dealer Records—Purchases, Sales, and Distribution.Apestcontroldealershallmaintainrecordsforallpesti-cidesitpurchases,sells,anddistributesintoandwithinCalifornia.Theserecordsshallbemaintainedforfouryears,foreachprincipalandbranchlocation.Thesalerecordshallbeforall
pesticidessoldordeliveredexceptforpesticideslabeledonlyforhomeuse.Thepestcontroldealermustmaintainandfiletheserecordsbypurchasernameateachsalesoffice,makingthemavailableuponrequesttotheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorDPR.Theserecordsmustincludethe:• Purchaser’snameandaddress• Pesticideandtheamountpur-
chased• Dateofpurchase• Operatoridentificationnumber
orastatementontheinvoiceindicatingthatthepurchaserwasnotrequiredtoobtainanopera-toridentificationnumber
50 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
• Copyofthewrittenrecommenda-tion,orastatementontheinvoiceordeliveryslipthatnorecommen-dationwasmadebyorprovidedtotheseller,and
• Locationwherethepesticidewasdelivered,includingthenameofthepersonorbusinessthatreceivedtheshipment.
Inadditiontotheaforementionedsalesrecordinformation,dealersshallmaintainfortwoyears,recordswithotherrequireddocumentationandinformationwhensellingpesticides:• Usedforproducingagricultural
commodities—recordsofoperatoridentificationnumbersassignedtothepurchasers
• Withtheactiveingredientclopyralid—registeredforlawnandturfinresidential,school,park,officebuilding,andgolfcoursesettings,or
• Withtheactiveingredienttributyltin—registeredforcertainaluminumship/vesselhulls,outboardmotors,andlowerdrivesunits.
Quarterly Reports.ApestcontroldealershallsubmittoDPRtwoquarterlyreportsshowing:• Totalsalesindollarsand
totalpoundsorgallonsofagriculturalusepesticides,and
• AmilltaxassessmentwhenthedealeristhefirsttosellintoorwithinCaliforniaanypesticidethatislabeledforagriculturaluse.Themillassessmentreportshallincludeanyrequiredmilltaxpayments.
Supplemental Label.Whenawrittenrecommendationincludesausethatisonlyfoundonasupple-mentallabel,thedealermustdeliverboththewrittenrecommendationandthesupplementallabeltotheapplicatorinsufficienttimetoallow
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 51
theapplicatortoproperlypreparefortheapplication.
Dealer Responsibilities and Require-ments for Certain Pesticides.Itisextremelyimportantthatadealerknowthatbuyersmusthavetheauthoritytopurchase,possess,andusecertainpesticides.Thesepesticidesinclude:• Federalrestrictedusepesticides• Californiarestrictedmaterials,
and• Certainotherpesticides.
Purchasersmustprovidetothedealerwrittenproofofthatauthorityplusotherdocumentationrelatedtothesepurchases,andthatthisinfor-mationmustbekeptonfile.Beforesellingordeliveringcertainpesticides,pestcontroldealersmustobtainfromthepurchaseracopyoforwrittenproofofthefollowing:• Restrictedmaterialpermit
foranypesticidethatrequiresapermit
• PrivateorcommercialapplicatorcertificationforfederalrestrictedusepesticidesthatdonotrequireapermitandpesticidesthatDPRhasdeterminedtohavethepotentialtopollutegroundwater.Thepurchasercansignastatementattestingtohavingavalidapplicatorcertificationinlieuofacopyoftheircertification
• OperatoridentificationnumberissuedbytheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerforpesticidesthatrequireanoperatoridentificationnumber
• Vesselregistrationformforantifoulingpaintsorcoatingscontainingtheactiveingredienttributyltinthatwillbeappliedtoaluminumshiphullsoroutboardmotorsandlowerdriveunits.Thepurchasercaninlieu
ofthevesselregistration,provideaswornstatementtoverifyproperandlegaluse,and
• Signedstatement,attestingtotheproperandlegaluse,fromacertifiedcommercialapplicatorforpesticidescontainingtheactiveingredientclopyralid.
AllrecordsthatpestcontroldealersarerequiredtomaintainshallbemadereadilyavailablewhenrequestedbythecountyorDPR.Periodically,theCountyAgriculturalCom-missionerorDPRwillinspectthedealer’srecordstochecktheirlicensingstatus,theirsupervisionbyaqualifiedperson,theirrecordmaintenance,theirsaleanddeliveryofappropriatepesticides,andotherrecordrequirements.
Continuing Education Information and Record-Keeping Requirements for Licensees and Certificate Holders.Yourlicenseorcertificatecannotberenewedunlessyoucompletethespecifiednumberofhoursofcontinuingeduca-tionwithineachlicenseorcertificate’svalidperiodasdescribedinthisstudyguide.Thereisnograceperiod.Ifyoufailtoearntherequirednumberofcontinuingeducationhoursbeforethelicenseorcertificateexpirationdate,youwillnotbeabletorenew.Toagainpossessthelicenseorcertificateyoumustagainpasstheexaminations.Yourcontinuingeducationmust
directlypertaintopesticidesandpestmanagement.Sales-orientedandmarketingcoursesarenotacceptable.Thecontinuingeducationrequire-mentisdesignedtoaugmentyourproficiencyasanadviserorapplicatorandassurethatyouhaveup-to-dateknowledgeofpesticidelawsandregulations,pesticides,andpestmanagement.DPR-approvedcontinuingeducation
isprovidedthroughmanypublicandprivatesourcesandalistingof
approvedinstructionisavailablethroughDPR’swebsite,www.cdpr.ca.gov.Someofthepublicsourcesincludecityandstatecolleges,universities,theUCCooperativeExtensionService,andtheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.Privatesourcesincludeindustryprofessionalorganizationsandprivatebusinessesspecializinginpestmanagementtraining.Theinstructororsponsoring
organizationofDPR-approvedcontinuingeducationcoursesmustmaintainarecordoflicenseesandcertificateholderswhosuccessfullycompletecoursesorprograms.Theserecordsmustberetainedforthreeyearsandmustcontainthesameinformationthatlicenseesorcertificateholdersarerequiredtomaintain,andmustbeprovidedtoDPRuponrequest.
Record Keeping Requirements for Licensees and Certificate Holders.Asalicenseeorcertificateholderyouarerequiredtomaintainarecordofallapprovedcontinuingeducationhoursyouacquireduringeachlicenseorcer-tificateperiod.Youmustretaintheserecordsforthreeyears,andtherecordsmustincludethefollowing:• YournameaslistedonDPR
licenseorcertificate• Certificateorlicensenumber• Titleandlocationoftheinstruc-
tion• Nameoftheinstructoror
sponsoringorganizationandthenumberofhoursofcredityouaccrued,and
• IdentificationCodeNumberassignedtothecourseorprogrambyDPR.
Acertificateofcoursecompletionorawrittenstatementcontainingtheinformationspecifiedintheabovelist,issuedbythecourseinstructororsponsoringorganization,issufficient
52 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
tomeettherecordkeepingrequire-ments.Licenseesorcertificateholdersarerequiredtosubmittheircontinu-ingeducationrecordstoDPRatthetimeofrenewal.
Multiple License or Certificate Holders.Ifyoumaintaintwoormorelicensesorcertificatesyoumayusecontinu-ingeducationhoursobtainedforonelicenseorcertificatetosatisfythecontinuingeducationrequirementsforeachadditionallicenseorcertifi-cate.Forexample,ifyoupossessbothaQualifiedApplicatorLicense(20hours)andanAgriculturalPestCon-trolAdviserLicense(40hours),youwillneedaminimumof40hoursofcontinuingeducation,includingfourhourspertainingtopesticidelawsandregulations,torenewbothlicenses.Ifyouholdmultiplelicensesor
certificatesyoushoulduseonlyoneli-censeorcertificatenumberwhenyousignthesponsoringorganizationorinstructor’sattendancesheettoshowattendanceatthemeetingorcourse.Signinusingthehighest-rankinglicenseorcertificate.Thelicensesandcertificatesarerankedasfollows:1.AgriculturalPestControlAdviserLicense
2.PestControlAircraftPilotCertificateHolder—(JourneymanorApprentice)
3.QualifiedApplicatorLicense4.QualifiedApplicatorCertificate.Forexample,ifyouhavean
AgriculturalPestControlAdviserLicenseandaQualifiedApplicatorLicenseyoushouldsigntheatten-dancesheetwithyourPestControlAdviserlicensenumber.
Partial Continuing Education Requirements for New Advisers and Applicators.Ifyouareafirst-timeadviserorapplicatorwithalicenseorcertificatethatyouhaveheldforlessthan12monthsatrenewaltime,
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 53
nocontinuingeducationhoursarerequiredforrenewalofthelicenseorcertificate.Ifyouhaveheldanewlicenseorcertificatefor12to20monthsatrenewaltime,onehalfofthetwo-yearperiodofcontinuingeducationhoursisrequiredfortherenewalofyourlicenseorcertificate.Ifyouhaveheldnewlicenseorcertificatefor21to24monthsatrenewaltime,allofthehoursforyourparticularlicenseorcertificatearerequiredforrenewalofyourlicensing.AllrequiredcontinuingeducationhoursmustbecompletedbyDecember31oftheexpirationyear,oryourlicenseorcertificatecannotberenewed.
License or Certificate RenewalLicensesorcertificatesofindividu-
alswhoselastnamebeginswithaletterfromA–L,andofbusinesseswhosenamebeginswithaletterfromA–L,expireineven-numberedyears.Licensesorcertificatesofindividu-
alswhoselastnamebeginswithaletterfromM–Z,andofbusinesses
whosenamebeginswithaletterfromM–Z,expireinodd-numberedyears.Alllicensesandcertificatesexpire
onDecember31ofthe“ValidThrough”yearonthelicense,orcertificate.Completedrenewalappli-cations,withappropriatefees,mustbepostmarkedbyDecember31toavoidthelatepenalty.Thelatepenaltyisonehalfoftherenewalfee.Anyonewhohasnotpossessed
avalidlicenseorcertificatewithin12monthsofthedatetheyapplyforthatsamekindoflicenseorcertificatemustpasstheappropriateexaminationsbeforeDPRwillissuethelicenseorcertificatetheyseek.Alicenseorcertificate,includingarenewal,isnotvaliduntilithasbeenissuedbyDPR.
Note:YoumustregisterannuallywiththeCountyAgriculturalCom-missionereventhoughyourlicenseorcertificateisvalidforuptotwoyears.
54 • CERTIFICATION & LICENSING
1. Which of the following pest control requires a DPR pest control business license?❏ A.Preservativetreatmentoffabricsorstructural
materials.❏ B.Householdorindustrialsanitationservices.❏ C.Controloftreepests.❏ D.Structuralpestcontrol.
2. Which of the following qualifications must a person have to be responsible for the pest control operations of a pest control business?❏ A.Pestcontrolbusinesslicense.❏ B.Qualifiedapplicatorlicense.❏ C.Pestcontroladviserlicense.❏ D.CountyAgriculturalCommissionerlicense.
3. A pest control business that has one or more employees must have ❏ A.Atleasttwoservicevehicles.❏ B.Workers’compensationinsurance.❏ C.24-hourphoneservice.❏ D.ApermitfromtheOfficeofEnvironmental
HealthHazardAssessment.
4. A pest control business must be registered with the❏ A.CountyBoardofSupervisorsinthecounty
wherethebusinessoperates.❏ B.DepartmentofIndustrialRelations.❏ C.DepartmentofPesticideRegulation.❏ D.CountyAgriculturalCommissionerin
countieswherethebusinessoperates.
5. Each piece of mixing and application equip-ment owned by a pest control business must be❏ A.Paintedaconspicuouscolor.❏ B.Givenaspecialidentificationnumber.❏ C.RegularlyapprovedbytheCounty
AgriculturalCommissioner.❏ D.Markedwiththenameofthebusinessorother
similarwording.
6. Before making a pesticide application on some-one’s property, a pest control business must ❏ A.Obtainpermissionfromtheoperator
oftheproperty.❏ B.Filea“NoticeofIntent”withtheCounty
AgriculturalCommissioner.
❏ C.Givenoticetoanyonelivingwithin1/4mileoftheapplication.
❏ D.Markoffthetreatmentareawithyellow“caution”tape.
7. Any emergency or accidental release of pesticides involving a pest control business must be reported to the ❏ A.DepartmentofFoodandAgriculture.❏ B.DepartmentofPesticideRegulation.❏ C.CountyAgriculturalCommissioner.❏ D.CountyGeneralServices.
8. Before a pest control business applies a pes-ticide for the production of an agricultural commodity, the property operator must provide the business with❏ A.Adetailedmapoftheapplicationsite.❏ B.Theiroperatoridentificationnumber.❏ C.Apesticideusereport.❏ D.Acopyoftheproperty’sliabilityinsurance
policy.
9. Which type of pesticide application for hire is not covered under the provisions of a Maintenance Gardener Pest Control Busi-ness license? ❏ A.Sprayinganherbicideinacemetery.❏ B.Applyingsnailbaitsuppliedbythehome-
owneraroundthehomeowner’spropertywhileengagedinmaintenancegardening.
❏ C.Applicationsincidentaltomaintainingornamentalplantsinashoppingmall.
❏ D.Sprayinganon-restrictedherbicideduringmaintenancegardeningataprivateresidence.
10. A Pest Control Dealer License is not required for person or business who ❏ A.HasaPestControlBusinessLicense
andsellsonlypesticidestheyapply.❏ B.Solicitssalesofpesticidesbymaking
agriculturaluserecommendationsthroughfieldrepresentativesorotheragents.
❏ C.Sellsinsecttrappingdevicesforagriculturalpests.
❏ D.Sellspesticidesthatcanbeusedforeitheragriculturalornon-agriculturalpurposes.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
CERTIFICATION & LICENSING • 55
11. A person who holds a Pest Control Dealer Designated Agent License is responsible for❏ A.Activelysupervisingapplicationsforthe
pestcontrolbusiness.❏ B.Orderingfertilizersfromthemanufactureror
supplier.❏ C.Activelysupervisingalloperationsconducted
atthedealer’slocation.❏ D.Makingpesticideuserecommendationsfor
customersofthebusiness.
12. A person who holds a Qualified Applicator Certificate in the “Plant Agriculture” catego-ry cannot❏ A.Supervisetheuseofrestrictedmaterials
onagriculturalcrops.
❏ B.Sellorsupervisepeoplewhosellagriculturalpesticides.
❏ C.Applygeneralusepesticidesorrestrictedmaterialsonagriculturalcrops.
❏ D.Supervisetheuseofgeneralusepesticidesonagriculturalcrops.
13. An Agricultural Pest Control Adviser License is required if you❏ A.Sellpesticidesatapestcontrol
dealerlocation.❏ B.Applypesticidesforhireonany
agriculturalproperty.❏ C.Solicitservicesorsalesforagriculturaluses.❏ D.WorkfortheUniversityofCaliforniaand
makewrittenrecommendations.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
STANDARDSOFCARE
Applicator Responsibilities. Wheneveryouapplyanypesticideorconductanyothertypeofpestcontrol,youareresponsibleformeet-ingthefollowingstandardsofcareandapplicatorresponsibilities:• Useonlypestcontrolequipment
thatisingoodworkingorderandsafetooperate
• Performallpestcontrolinacare-fulandeffectivemanner
• Useonlymethodsandequip-mentsuitabletoensureproperapplicationofpesticides
• Performallpestcontrolunderclimaticconditionssuitabletoensureproperapplicationofpesticides
• Exercisereasonableprecautionstoavoidcontaminationoftheenvironment
• Haveacopyoftheregisteredlabelavailableateachusesitetoshowthatthelabelallowsthemannerinwhichyouareusingthepesticide
• Measureorweighconcentratedpesticidesaccurately,usingonlydevicesthatarecalibratedtothesmallestunitinwhichthepesti-cideisbeingweighedormeasured
• Maintainauniformmixture,atalltimes,inbothapplicationandservicerigs
• Cleanpestcontrolequipmentthoroughly,whenevernecessary,topreventillnessordamageto
58 • STANDARDS OF CARE
people,plants,oranimalsfromresiduesofpesticidespreviouslyusedintheequipment,and
• Avoidcontaminationofwaterbyequippingeachpieceofapplica-tionequipmentandservicerigthathandlespesticidesanddrawswaterfromanoutsidesourcewithanair-gapseparation,areducedpressureprinciplebackflowpreventiondevice,oradouble-checkvalveassemblyacceptabletoboththewaterpurveyorandthelocalhealthdepartment.
Age Requirement.Nopesticidehandler,employeeornon-employee,under18yearsofageispermittedtomixorloadapesticidewhenthelabelorregulationsrequiretheuseofanyofthefollowing:• Airsuppliedrespiratoryprotection• Aclosedsystem,or• Full-bodychemical-resistant
clothing.
Protection of People, Animals, and Property.Priortoandwhileapplyingpesticides,applicatorsmustevaluatetheequipmenttobeused,themeteorologicalconditions,thepropertytobetreated,andsurround-ingpropertiestodeterminethelikelihoodofharmordamage.Nopesticideapplicationshallbemadeorcontinuedbyanyonewhenthereisareasonablechanceofthefollowing:
STANDARDS OF CARE • 59
• Hazardofcontaminatingthebodiesorclothingofpeoplenotinvolvedintheapplicationprocess
• Possibilityofdamagetonon-targetcrops,animals,orotherpublicorprivateproperty,or
• Possibilityofcontaminatingnon-targetpublicorprivateproperty,includingcreatingahealthhaz-ardthatpreventsthenormaluseoftheproperty.
Protection of Bees.Whenyouapplyontoblossomingplantsapesticidethatisknowntobetoxictobees,specialproceduresmustbefollowed.Theseprocedurescoverthosepesti-cideswithlabelingcontainingthewords“toxictobees”.
Notifying Beekeepers. IfyouintendtoapplyapesticideknowntobetoxictobeestoablossomingplantyoumustconsultwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionerpriortotheapplica-tion.Youmustalsodeterminewheth-ertherearebeekeeperswithapiarieswithinonemileoftheapplicationsitethathaverequestednoticeabout
suchapplications.Ifnoticehasbeenrequested,atleast48hoursbeforetheapplication,youmustnotifythebeekeepersofthefollowing:• Timeandplacetheapplicationis
tobemade• Cropandacreagetobetreated• Methodofapplication• Nameanddosagerateofthe
pesticidetobeapplied,and• Procedureforthebeekeeperto
contactthepersonperformingpestcontrol.
The48-hourwarningperiodmaybeincreasedordecreasedbytheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorbyagreementbetweenthebeekeeperandthepersonperformingthepestcontrolwork.
Notification Region.Butte,Glenn,andTehamaCountieshavebeenestab-lishedasaregioninwhichnotifica-tionofapiaryownersisrequired.PestcontrolbusinessesregisteredwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionersofanyofthesecountiesarerequiredtogivenotificationtobeekeeperspriortopesticideapplications.TheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner
FIGURE4-1.
Warning signs similar to the one shown here must be posted around pesticide storage areas that contain pesticides with either the signal word “DANGER/POISON”, “DANGER”, or “WARNING”.
ofGlennCountyservesastheco-ordinatorfortheregion.OncetheyregisterwithanyoftheCountyAgriculturalCommissionersinthisregion,pestcontrolbusinessesmustpayanannualfeetothecoordinator.
Citrus/Bee Protection Area.Areaswithinonemileofanycitrusplant-ingthatconsistofoneacreormoreinFresno,Kern,andTulareCoun-tieshavebeendesignatedascitrus/beeprotectionareas.Specialbeeprotectionrequirementsapplyinthesecounties.Beekeepers,pesticidedealers,pestcontroladvisers,andpesticideapplicatorsinthesecoun-tiesshouldconsultwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissionerforfurtherinformation.
Pesticide Storage, Transportation, and Disposal.Ifyouimproperlystore,transport,handle,ordisposeofpesticidesandopenedpesticidecontainers,youmaycauseinjurytopeople,animals,ortheenvironment.ThatiswhytheCaliforniaFoodandAgriculturalCoderequiresthatpes-ticidesandcontainersthathold(orhaveheld)pesticidesmustbestored,transported,handled,anddisposed
60 • STANDARDS OF CARE
ofinaccordancewiththepesticidelabelandwithregulationsadoptedbyDPR.TheCountyAgriculturalCommissionermaytakepossessionofunattendedpesticidesoremptypesticidecontainersthatpresentahazardtopeople,animals,bees,food,feed,crops,orproperty.
Pesticide Storage Requirements. Asapesticideapplicator,onanypropertythatyoucontrol,youareresponsibleforallcontainersandequipmentthatholdorhaveheldapesticide.Topreventunauthorizedpeoplefromcomingincontactwithorbeingexposedtoresiduesonthesecontain-ersandequipment,youmustexercisepersonalcontroltopreventunauthor-izedcontactatalltimes,or,youmustdooneofthefollowing:• Provideapersontomaintain
controloverthepesticidecontainersandapplicationequipment,or
• Storethepesticidecontainersandapplicationequipmentinalockedenclosure.
Inthecaseofliquidmaterialpackagedinacontainerlargerthan55gallons,thecontainerdoesnothavetobeinalockedenclosureifthe
FIGURE4-2.
It is illegal to store pesticides in any type of container commonly used for food, drink, or any other household products. This is to help prevent accidental pesticide poisonings or injuries, especially those involving children.
STANDARDS OF CARE • 61
container’sclosureislocked.Pesticidesmustbestoredinaccordancewiththepesticidelabelandthelabelingonallotherproductsheldinthesamestoragearea,includingnon-pesticidalproducts.Donotstorepesticidesandfertilizerstogether.Pesticidesandfertilizerscanchemicallyreactwitheachotherandcauseafire.Also,ifpesticidescontaminatefertilizersthiscreatesthepossibilityofcropdamageorillegalresiduesoncrops.Donotstorepesticidesnearfood,feed,seedorpersonalprotectiveequipmentbecauseofthepossibilityofcontamination.
Posting Storage Area Warning Signs.Whenastorageareacontainspesti-cidesthatarelabeledwiththesignalwords“DANGER/POISON”;“DAN-GER”,or“WARNING”,youmustpostwarningsignsonoraroundthestoragearea.(Figure4-1)Thesignsmustbevisiblefromanydirectionofprobableapproach.Theletteringonthesesignsmustbelargeenoughtobereadablefrom25feetaway.Ifyouan-ticipatethatpeoplewhodonotreadEnglishwillapproachthepesticidestoragearea,youmustrepeatyourwarningsignsinasuitablelanguageinadditiontoEnglish.
Pesticide Service Container Label Requirements.Whenyoustoreortransportcontainersthatholdorhaveheldpesticides,thecontainersmustcarrytheregistrant’slabelwiththeexceptionofservicecontainers.Aservicecontainerisanycontainerotherthantheoriginallabeledpesticidecontainerthatisusedtohold,store,ortransportconcen-tratedordilutedpesticides.Servicecontainerlabelsmustincludeallofthefollowing:• Nameandaddressof
thepersonorfirmresponsibleforthecontainer
• Identityofthepesticideinthecontainer
• Signalword“DANGER/POI-SON”,“DANGER”,“WARNING”,or“CAUTION”fromthelabeloftheoriginalcontainer.
Theonlyexceptiontotheservicecontainerlabelrequirementsiswhenaservicecontainerisbeingusedbyapersoninthebusinessoffarmingontheirownproperty.
Illegal Containers.Itisillegaltoplaceorstorepesticidesinanytypeofcontainerthatiscommonlyusedforfood,drink,oranyhouseholdproducts.(Figure4-2)Thisistohelppreventaccidentalpesticidepoi-soningsorinjuries,especiallythoseinvolvingchildren.
Delivery of Pesticides.Whenpesticidecontainersthatholdorhaveheldpesticidesaredeliveredtoaproperty,theymustbedelivereddirectlytooneofthefollowing:• Thepropertyoperatorortheir
agentwhoisinchargeoftheproperty,or
• Theownerorqualifiedpersonofapestcontrolbusiness.
Ifnoneofthesepeopleareatthepropertywhenthedeliveryismade,thepesticidecontainersmustbeleftinalockedenclosurethatispostedwithappropriatewarningsigns,asdescribedabove.
Transportation of Pesticides.Pesti-cidesmustneverbetransportedinthesamevehiclecompartmentwithpeople,food,oranimalfeed.Youmustsecurepesticidecontainerstothevehicleduringtransportationinawaythatwillpreventspillsintooroffofthevehicle.Coverpesticidecontainersmadeofpaper,cardboard,orsimilarmaterialwhennecessarytoprotectthemfrommoisture.Allpesticidecontainers
musthaveeithertheoriginalregisteredproductlabelorproperservicecontainerlabeling.TogetinformationregardingotherStateandFederalregulationsfortrans-portingpesticides,contacttheCali-
62 • STANDARDS OF CARE
forniaHighwayPatrolortheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation.Pesticide Bag Disposal Requirements.PesticidebagsthathavebeenproperlyemptiedaccordingtoDPR’s“Guide-linesforEmptyingandBurning
SIDEBAR1
Rinsing Procedures for Pesticide Containers
Method 1—Triple Rinse and Drain
1. Use the following amount of water or other appropriate rinse solution for each rinse:
Size of Container Amount of Rinse Medium
Less than 5 gallons 1/4 Container Volume
5 gallons and over 1/5 Container Volume 2. Place the required minimum amount of rinse medium in the container. Replace the closure securely, and agitate the container to make sure all the interior surfaces of the container get rinsed.
3. Drain the rinse solution from the container into the tank mix. Al-low the container to drain an additional 30 seconds after it is empty.
4. Repeat the entire procedure at least two more times to provide a total of at least three rinses, or until the rinsate is clear. It is important that you drain the rinse solution into the mix tank and apply it to the crop or site that is being treated.
Method 2—Continuous or Jet-Rinse
1. Invert the emptied container over a nozzle that is located in the opening of a spray tank or nurse rig and that is capable of rinsing all inner surfaces of the container.
2. Activate the rinse nozzles, allowing the rinse solution to drain into the tank.
Continue rinsing until the rinse solution appears clear and a minimum of one-half of the container volume of rinse solution has been used. Use a minimum of 15 pounds of pressure per square inch to ensure proper rinsing. Avoid high pressures to prevent mist-ing, splashing, or other undesirable effects potentially hazardous to people at the rinse site.
Other rinse methods, equivalent in effectiveness to the methods above, may be used if approved by the DPR.
STANDARDS OF CARE • 63
PesticideBags”willnotberegulatedashazardouswaste.Pesticidebagsthatareproperlyemptiedmaybedisposedof:• AtClassIIIlandfillsor• Byburning.Pesticidebagsthatarenotproperly
emptiedwillberegulatedashazard-ouswaste.
Guidelines for Emptying Pesticide Bags.TomeetDPR“GuidelinesforEmptyingandBurningPesticideBags”,followtheseprocedures:• Openandemptythepesticide
baguntilnopesticidematerialremainsinthebagthatcanbepoured,drained,orotherwisefeasiblyremoved,andholdthebagupsidedownforfivesecondsaftercontinuousparticleflowceases
• Straightenouttheseamstoremovefoldsandwrinkles,sothatthebagisinitsoriginal“flat”position,andagainholdthebagupsidedownforfivesecondsaftercontinuousparticleflowceases,and
• Shakethebagtwiceandholdforfiveseconds,oruntilparticleflowceases.
Guidelines for Burning Pesticide Bags.Anotherlessdesirable,disposaloptionisburningunderanagriculturalburnpermitthathasbeenissuedtothepropertyoperatororgrowerbythelocalairpollutioncontroldistrict.Burnpermitsallowforburningatthefieldlocationtodisposeofagriculturalwaste,suchaspruningsandcardboardboxes.PesticidebagsthatareproperlyemptiedaccordingtoDPRguidelinescanbeburnedunderanagriculturalburnpermit,whendone:• Onlyatthelocationspecifiedon
theagriculturalburnpermit• Withaminimalamountof
smokeblowingoverareaswherepeopleordomesticanimalsmightbe,and
• Inalocationandinamannerthattakesintoaccountallofthefollowing:o Distancestohomes,parks,
schools,andbusinesseso Windspeedanddirectiono Presenceoftemperature
inversions,ando Lengthoftimeitwilltake
toburnthebags.
Thebagburningshalltakeplace:• Witharock,brick,orsimilar
noncombustibleweightontop
FIGURE4-3.
Pesticide wastes include partially full containers of pesticide that are not used, leftover mixtures in spray tanks, rinse water from pesticide contain-ers, rinse water from inside and outside of spray equipment, and, as shown here, empty pesticide containers.
64 • STANDARDS OF CARE
ofthestackofbagstobeburned• Byignitingthebottom-most
bags• Whileonlyauthorizedpeople
arepresent,suchasthepesticidehandlermakingtheapplicationorthepropertyoperator,andthattheystayupwindofthefiretoavoidexposuretothesmoke,and
• Withauthorizedpeoplecontrol-lingthesiteuntiltheburningiscompletedandthefireisextinguished.
Apestcontrolbusinessthatburnsproperlyemptiedbagsunderagrower’sburnpermitshallburnbagsonlyattheapplicationsite,andonlybagsthatwereopenedandemptiedattheapplicationsite.Bagscannotbecollectedfromotherapplicationsitestobeburnedataparticularapplicationsite.
Container Rinsing Requirements. Containersthathaveheldlessthan28gallonsofaliquidpesticidemustbeatminimumtriperinsedanddrainedbytheuseratthetimeofuse,unlessthey:• Arereturnedtotheregistrant,or• Heldanundiluted,ready-to-use
pesticide.SeeSidebar1forpesticidecontain-
errinsingprocedures.Followtheseprocedurestobesureyouhaveprop-erlyrinsedthecontainers.Aclosedsystemmustalsoincludearinsingsystemthatmeetstheserequirements.
Pesticide and Container Disposal.(Figure4-3)Disposalsitesthatacceptpesticidesandusedpesticidecontain-ersmustdosoinaccordancewithre-quirementsestablishedinCalifornialawsandregulations.Insomecoun-
ties,youmayberequiredtoobtainaspecialcertificateorpermitfromtheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerbeforeyoudisposeofproperlyrinsedpesticidecontainersatapproveddisposalsites.CheckwiththeCountyAgriculturalCommissioneraboutlocalrequirementsbeforeyoudisposeofanypesticidesorrinsedorun-rinsedusedpesticidecontainers.Un-rinsed,emptiedpesticide
containersmayalsobereturnedtothepesticideregistrant,withtheregistrant’spriorapproval.Youmusttightenalllidsorclosuressecurely.YoumayneedaHazardousWasteFacilityPermittostoreoldpesticidematerialsorun-rinsedpesticidecontainersawaitingdisposal.Un-rinsedcontainersincludethosefromwhichyoucannotadequatelyremovethecontentsbyrinsingorthosethatcontainedanundiluted,ready-to-usepesticide.
Exemptions.Followingarecertainlimitedexemptionsfromthestorage,transportationanddisposalrequire-mentsdiscussedinthischapter:• Delivery,storageareaposting,
transportation,andrinsing:o Containersthatholdorhave
heldpesticidespackaged,labeled,andusedforhomeuseandareinthepossessionofhomeownersontheirownproperty.
• Pesticidecontainerrinseanddisposal:o Containersthatholdorhave
heldpesticidesregisteredasasprayadjuvant,and
o Outershippingcontainersthathavenotbecomecon-taminatedwithpesticides
BesuretocheckwithyourlocalCountyAgriculturalCommissionerifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheseexemptions.
STANDARDS OF CARE • 65
1. A person who is responsible for pesticide con-tainers must❏ A.Storethecontainersinalockedenclosure
orprovideapersontomaintaincontroloverthecontainersatalltimes.
❏ B.Keepthecontainersoffthegroundinthebackofavehiclewhentheyaretobeunattended.
❏ C.Coverthecontainerswithatarpiftheycannotbeputintoastoragefacility.
❏ D.Keepthecontainersontheapplicationequipmentatalltimes.
2. The signs attached to a pesticide storage area must be readable from❏ A.10feet❏ B.15feet❏ C.25feet❏ D.50feet
3. A service container that is used to hold a pesticide or pesticide mixture is❏ A.Theoriginalpesticidecontainer.❏ B.Anyotherlegalcontainerotherthan
theoriginallabeledpesticidecontainer.❏ C.Aspecialheavy-dutycontainerprovided
bythepesticidemanufacturer.❏ D.Areturnablecontainerapprovedby
theDepartmentofPesticideRegulation.
4. Which of the following information is not re-quired to be on the label of a service container?❏ A.Identityofthepesticideinthecontainer.❏ B.Signalwordfromthelabelofthe
originalcontainer.❏ C.Nameofthemanufacturerofthepesticide
intheservicecontainer.❏ D.Nameandaddressofthepersonorfirm
responsibleforthecontainer.
5. It is illegal to store pesticides in❏ A.Servicecontainers.❏ B.Originalpesticidecontainers.❏ C.Sprayequipmentthatisproperlyidentified
withlabeling.❏ D.Containersthatarecommonlyusedforfood,
drink,orhouseholdproducts.
6. Pesticides being carried in the back of a vehicle such as a truck must be properly secured in order to:❏ A.Preventtheft.❏ B.Allowotheritemstobetransportedwiththem.❏ C.Preventspillsintooroffofthevehicle.❏ D.ComplywithFoodQualityProtectionAct
regulations.
7. Empty pesticide bags can be handled and disposed of as non-hazardous waste as long as they❏ A.Havebeenproperlyemptiedaccordingto
DPR’s“GuidelinesforEmptyingandBurningPesticideBags”.
❏ B.Havebeenproperlytriplerinsed.❏ C.Donothavethesignalword“DANGER”
or“WARNING”.❏ D.Havebeenperforatedsotheycannotbereused.
8. Proper rinsing of an empty container involves❏ A.Fillingthepesticidecontainerthreetimesand
pouringthecontentsontothecropattheap-plicationsite.
❏ B.Drainingtheemptypesticidecontainerintotheapplicationequipmentfor30seconds.
❏ C.Washingtheapplicationequipmenttankwithsoapandwaterthreetimesafteranapplication.
❏ D.Partiallyfillinganemptypesticidecontainerwithwater,shaking,anddrainingthecontentsintothespraytank,thenrepeatingthisprocessatleasttwomoretimes.
9. Which containers that have held pesticides are exempt from the container storage, triple rins-ing, or disposal requirements in regulation?❏ A.Containersthatholdlessthan5gallonsof
liquid.❏ B.Thosethatholdonegallonorlessofliquid.❏ C.Containersthatholdhomeusepesticides
inthepossessionofthehomeownersontheirownproperty.
❏ D.Nocontainersareexemptfromtheserequirements.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
PESTICIDEHANDLERWORKERSAFETYREQUIREMENTS
DPRhasworkersafetyrequirementsinregulationsforemployeesthatmix,load,apply,store,transport,orotherwisehandlepesticidesforanyagriculturalornon-agriculturaluse.Theseregulationsarewrittento:• Providesafeworkingconditions
forpesticidehandlers• Reducetheriskofexposure,and• Ensuretheavailabilityofmedical
services.
Employer/Employee Responsi- bilities.Employersandemployeesareresponsibleforfollowingthere-quirementsthatapplytotheirrespec-tivepesticideuseactivities.Employersmustmakesurethatemployeeshandleandusepesticidesinaccordancewiththepesticidelabelandallapplicablelawsandregulations.Theymustprovideprotectionssuchascertaininformationandpersonalprotectiveequipment,andassurethatemploy-eesfollowtherequirementsandusethepersonalprotectiveequipment.Employeesmustfollowtherequire-mentsthatpertaintothem,anduseallprotectionsprovidedbytheemployer.
Hazard Communication Informa-tion for the Handler Employee.Hazardcommunicationregulationsrequireemployerstoidentifywork-placehazards,toinformemployees
68 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
aboutthehazardstheyfaceintheworkplace,andtomakesureemploy-eesunderstandtheprocedurestheymustfollowtoprotectthemselves.Theregulationsestablishspecificproceduresemployersmustfollowinmaintaininganddisseminatinghazardcommunicationinformationtoemployeeswhomaybeexposedtopesticidesduringthecourseoftheirwork.Beforehandleremployeesare
allowedtohandlepesticides,theem-ployermustdisplayinacentralloca-tionacopyof,eitherPSISleafletA-8,“SafetyRulesforPesticideHandlersonFarms”orN-8,“SafetyRulesforPesticideHandlersinNon-AgriculturalSettings”,asappropriate.Ifanemployeeasks,theemployermustreadtotheemployeePSISleafletA-8and/orN-8inalanguagetheemployeeunderstands.Employersmustmaintainthe
followinginformationatacentrallocationandmakeitaccessibletoemployees,theirphysicians,ortheirrepresentatives:• Pesticideuserecordsforpes-
ticidesandpesticide-handlingactivitiesthatareconductedbytheemployees
• CopiesofPSISleafletsforthepesticidesandpesticide-handlingactivitiesthatarelistedinthepesticideuserecords,and
• AnMSDSforeachpesticidelistedinthepesticideuserecordsreferredtoabove.
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 69
Employersmustinformemployeesofthelocationandavailabilityoftheserecordsandotherdocumentsbeforeemployeesareallowedtohandlepesticides,andatleastannu-allythereafter.Ifthelocationoftherecordsandotherdocumentschanges,employersmustpromptlyinformtheiremployeesofthenewlocation.
Application Specific Information for the Handler Employee.Ingen-eral,forthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity,thepropertyoperatormustprovidespecificapplicationinformationatacentrallocation.Thisinformationmustincludethe:• Identificationofthetreatedarea• Dateandtimeofapplication• Restrictedentryinterval,and• Productname,EPAregistration
numberandactiveingredient.Theseregulationsdonotcover
employeesinvolvedinmanufacturing,formulating,orrepackagingpesticides.TheyarecoveredundertheCaliforniaDepartmentofIndustrialRelations,DivisionofOccupationalSafetyandHealth(CalOSHA).
Handler Employee Training Requirements.Employersmusthaveawrittentrainingprogramforemploy-eeswhohandlepesticides.Thewrittenprogrammustdescribethematerialsthatwillbeused(e.g.,studyguides,pesticidelabels,orvideotapes)andtheinformationthatwillbeprovidedwhentheytraintheiremployees.Em-ployersmustmaintainacopyofthewrittentrainingprograminacentrallocationattheworkplacewhereitisaccessibletoemployees.Thewrittencopymustbeavailablewhiletheyareusingtheprogramandfortwoyearsaftertheyfinishusingit.Theemployer’swrittentraining
programmustaddresseachofthesubjectslistedbelow.Employersmust
traineachhandleremployeeforeachpesticideorchemicallysimilargroupofpesticidestheyhandleandmakesureemployeesunderstandthefollowing:• Pesticideproductlabelformat
andthemeaningoflabelinfor-mation,suchasprecautionarystatementsabouthumanhealthhazards
• Hazardsofpesticides—includingacuteandchroniceffects,delayedeffects,andsensitization—asidentifiedinpesticideproductlabels,MSDSs,orPSISsleaflets
• Routesbywhichpesticidescanenterthebody
• Signsandsymptomsofpesticideoverexposure
• Emergencyfirstaidforpesticideoverexposure
• Proceduresforobtainingemergencymedicalcare
• Routineandemergencydecon-taminationprocedures,includingspillcleanupandtheneedtoshowerthoroughlywithsoapandwarmwateraftertheexposureperiod
• Appropriateuseandcleaning/sanitationofanyrequiredpersonalprotectiveequipment,andtheneedforheat-relatedlimitationsonitsuse(seelatersectioninthischapter,“Chemical-ResistantProtectiveClothing”)
• Prevention,recognition,andfirstaidforheat-relatedillness
• Safetyrequirementsandproceduresforhandling,transporting,storing,anddisposingofpesticides,includ-ingengineeringcontrolssuchasclosedsystemsandenclosedcabs
• Environmentalconcernssuchasdrift,runoff,andwildlifehazards
• Warningsabouttakingpesticidesorpesticidecontainershome
• Requirementsrelatingtopesticide
safetyandleafletsasfoundinChapters3and4of(3CCR).
• Purposesof,andrequirementsfor,medicalsupervisionwhenorganophosphateandcarbamatepesticideswiththesignalwords“DANGER”,“DANGER/POISON”,or“WARNING”onthelabelaremixed,loaded,orappliedforthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity
• LocationofthePSISleafletA-8RulesforPesticideHandlersonFarmsandotherPSISleaflets,andMSDSs,and
• Rightsofemployeesto:o Personallyreceiveinforma-
tionaboutpesticidestheymaybeexposedto
o Havetheirphysicianorem-ployeerepresentativereceiveinformationaboutthepesti-cidestheymaybeexposedto,and
o Beprotectedagainstretalia-toryactioninresponsetotheexerciseofanyoftheirrights.
AnemployeerepresentativecouldbearepresentativeoftheCaliforniaRuralLegalAssistanceFoundation,aunionrepresentative,afamilymember,oranypersontheemployeehasdesignatedtoactontheirbehalf.Employeehandlersmustcomplete
pesticidehandlersafetytrainingbeforetheyareallowedtohandleanypesticide;thetrainingmustbecontinuallyupdatedtocoveranynewpesticidestheemployeewillhandle.Trainingmustberepeatedatleastannuallyaftertheinitialtraining.Handleremployeesholdingavalidapplicatorcertificationareconsideredtrainedforthepurposesestablishedintheregulations.Employersmaywaiveinitial
pesticidehandlersafetytrainingofanewemployeeiftheemployeeisabletosubmitacurrenttrainingrecord.
70 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
Theemployee’strainingrecordmustshowthattheirtrainingmetrequire-mentsintheregulationsandcoveredthepesticidesandusesituationsapplicabletotheirnewemploymentsituation.Employersmustrecordthedateandextentofinitialandannualrequiredtrainingtheyprovidetoemployeesandthejobstheyassign.Eachemployeetrainingrecordmustbeverifiedbytheemployee’ssignatureandretainedbytheemployerfortwoyearsatacentrallocationattheworkplaceaccessibletoemployees.
Qualified Safety Trainers for Pesti-cide Handlers.Anyonewhotrainsemployeeshandlingpesticidesforcommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommoditymustbequalifiedasa:• CaliforniaCertifiedCommercial
Applicator• CaliforniaCertifiedPrivate
Applicator• PersonholdingavalidCounty
BiologistLicenseinPesticideRegulationorInvestigationandEnvironmentalMonitoringissuedbytheCaliforniaDepart-mentofFoodandAgriculture
• FarmadvisoremployedbyUni-versityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension
• Personwhohascompletedan“instructortrainer”programpresentedbythe:o TheUniversityofCalifornia
StatewideIntegratedPestManagementProject,afterJanuary1,1993,or
o Otherinstructor-trainingprogramsapprovedbyDPR.
• CalifornialicensedAgriculturalPestControlAdviser
• CaliforniaRegisteredProfessionalForester,or
• TrainerqualifiedinsomeotherwaythatisapprovedbyDPR.
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 71
Employee Medical Requirement.Regulationsdescribespecificwaysinwhichemployersarerequiredtoarrangeforemergencycareandmedicalsupervision,keeprecords,andreviewemployeeworkpracticeswhennecessary.
Emergency Medical Care.Employersmust,inadvance,makeemergencymedicalcarearrangementsforemployeeswhohandlepesticides.Theymustinformemployeesofthenameandlocationofthefacilitywheretheyhavearrangedforthiscare.Inaddition,thename,address,andtelephonenumberofthisfacility,whetheritisaclinicorahospitalemergencyroom,mustbeconspicuouslypostedattheworksite,orintheworkvehicleifthereisnodesignatedworksite.Iftheemergencyfacilityisnotreasonablyaccessiblefromtheworklocation,theemployermustposttheprocedurestheiremployeesshallfollowtoobtainemergencymedicalcare.Employersmustensurethat
anemployeeistakenimmediatelytoaphysicianwhentherearereasonablegroundstosuspectthattheemployeehasapesticideillnessorinjury.Reasonablegroundstosuspectapossibilityofapesticideillnessorinjuryincludethepresenceofsymptomsorindicationssuchas:
• Headache• Weakness• Dizziness• Blurredvision• Nausea• Abdominalcramps• Sweating• Tightnessofthechest,and• Whenexposuretoapesticide
hasoccurredthatmightreasonablybeexpectedtoleadtoanillnessorinjury.
Medical Supervision.Employersmustmaintain,inadditiontopesticideuserecordsandhandlertrainingrecords,employeeuserecordsthatidentifytheemployee,thenameofthepesticide,andthedateofhandlingwheneveranemployeehandlesapesticidethatmeetsthefollowingcriteria:• Carriesthesignalword
“DANGER/POISON”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”
• Containsanorganophosphateorcarbamate,AND
• Isusedforthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity.
Employerswhohaveemployeeswhoregularlyhandle(seeGlos-sary)organophosphateorcarbamatepesticidesthatcarrythesignalword“DANGER/POISON”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”andthatareusedforthecommercialorresearchproduc-tionofanagriculturalplantcom-moditymusthaveasignedwrittenagreementwithadoctor.Theagree-mentmustincludethenamesandaddressesofboththedoctorwhowillprovidemedicalsupervisionandtheemployerresponsiblefortheemploy-ees.EmployersmustgiveacopyofthisagreementtotheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerbeforeanemployeebeginstoregularlyhandlethesepesticides.Thedesignateddoctormustpossessandbefamiliarwiththepublica-tionMedicalSupervisionofPesticideWorkers—GuidelinesforPhysicians,whichisavailablefromtheOfficeofEnvironmentHealthHazardAssessment.
Cholinesterase Determinations.Employeeswhoregularlyhandleorganophosphateorcarbamatepesticidesthatcarrythesignalword“DANGER/POISON”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”,andthatareusedforthecommercialorresearch
productionofanagriculturalplantcommodityarerequiredtohavebaselineredcellandplasmacholines-terasedeterminations.Thesedeter-minationsmustbeverifiedeverytwoyears.Fornewemployees,themedicalsupervisormayacceptpreviouslyestablishedbaselinevaluesifthesevalues:• Wereobtainedaccordingto
theregulationsandbythesamelaboratorymethodologythatthenewlaboratoryuses,and
• Areacceptabletothenewlabora-torythatwillanalyzetheemployee’sbloodsamples.
Employersareresponsibletomakesurethatemployeeswhowerenotundermedicalsupervisionastheiremployeesinthepastobtainredcellandplasmacholinesterasedetermina-tions.Theymustdothiswithinthreeworkingdaysaftertheendofeach30-dayperiodduringwhichtheseemployeesregularlyhandlethesepesticides.Afteremployeeshavehadthreetestsat30-dayintervals,furtherperiodicmonitoringmustbespecifiedinwritingbythemedicalsupervisor.Ifthemedicalsupervisordoesnotmakeawrittenrecommendationforcontinuedperiodicmonitoringofemployeeswhoregularlyhandlethesepesticides,thetestingintervalmustbe60days,oreverysecondperiod.Inrelationtomedicalsupervision,
employersmustmaintainforthreeyearsthefollowingrecords:• Themedicalsupervision
agreement• Pesticideuserecords,and• Allmedicalrecommendations
andtestresults.Theemployermustkeepthese
recordsavailableforinspectionbytheemployee,DPRandtheCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.Ifanemployee’sredcellor
plasmacholinesteraselevelfallsbelow80percentoftheirbaseline,
72 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
theemployermustinvestigatetheemployee’sworkpractices,including:• Employeehygiene• Pesticidehandlingprocedures,
and• Equipmentusage.Thisinvestigationalsoincludesa
reviewofthesafetyequipmentanditscondition.Employersmustmain-tainawrittenrecordoftheirfindings,anychangestheymadeinequipmentorprocedures,andanyrecommenda-tionstheymadetotheemployee.Employersmustremovean
employeefromexposuretoorgano-phosphateorcarbamatepesticidesiftheemployee’splasmacholinesteraselevelfallsto60percentorlessoftheemployee’sbaselineplasmacholinesteraselevel,oriftheirredcellcholinesterasefallsto70percentorlessoftheirbaselineredcellcholinesteraselevel.Thatemployeemustberemovedfromfurtherexposureuntiltheircholines-terasevaluesreturnto80percentormoreoftheirbaselinevalues.Theemployermustmaintainwrittenrecordsofthedatetheemployeewasremovedfromexposureandthedatetheemployeewasreturnedtoexposure.
Working Alone.Whenemployeesmix,load,orapplypesticidesthatcarrythesignalword“DANGER/POISON”or“DANGER”andthatareusedforthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalcom-modity,theymustobservethefollow-ingrulesaboutworkingalone:• Daylightoperations:working
aloneispermittedonlywhentheemployeemakespersonal,radio,ortelephonecontactwitharesponsibleadultatleasteverytwohours
• Nighttimeoperations:workingaloneispermittedonlywhentheemployeemakespersonal,
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 73
radio,ortelephonecontactwitharesponsibleadultatleasteveryhour
• Apilot,mixer,loader,andflaggerteamisconsideredtobeworkingtogether,and
• Twogroundapplicatorsworkinginthesamefieldandabletoseeeachotheroreachother’sapplica-tionvehiclesareconsideredtobeworkingtogether.
Change and Decontamination Facilities. Pesticidehandlersafetyregulationsincludespecificrequire-mentsforemployerstoprovideemployeeswithfacilitiesforchanging,washing,anddecontamination.
Change Area.Foranyemployeewhoregularlyhandlespesticideswiththesignalword“DANGER/POISON”;“DANGER”or“WARNING”,andforallemployeeswhohandleanypesticidesusedforthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity,employersmustprovideanareaforemployeestochangeclothesandwashthemselvesatthelocationwheretheycompletetheirworkday.Employersmustprovidecleantowels,soap,andadequatewaterforthoroughwashing.Employersmustalsoprovideaclean,pesticide-freeplaceforemployeestostoreanyoftheirpersonalclothingthatisnotinusewhiletheyareatworkhandlingpesticides.
Decontamination Facilities. Employ-ersmustensurethatemployeeshavesufficientwater,soap,andsingle-usetowelsforroutinewashingoftheirhandsandfaceandforemergencyeyeflushingandwashingoftheentirebody.Thequalityandtemperatureofthewatermustnotcauseillnessorinjurywhenitcomesintocontactwithemployees’skinoreyes,oriftheyswallowit.Thiswater
mustbestoredseparatelyfromwaterusedformixingwithpesticides,un-lessthetankholdingthewaterformixingwithpesticidesisequippedwithappropriatevalvestopreventbackflowofpesticidesintothetank.Theemployermustkeeponechangeofcleancoverallsavailableateachdecontaminationfacility.Forallemployeeswhohandlepesti-
cidesforthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity,thedecontaminationfacilitymustbelocatedatthemixingandloadingsite.Thismustbenomorethan1/4milefrom,ormustbeatthenearestpointofvehicularaccessto,otherhandlers,includingflaggers.Forpilots,thedecontaminationfacili-tiesmaybeattheloadingsite.Decontaminationfacilitiesmust
notbeinanareathatisbeingtreatedorthatisunderarestricted-entryintervalunlessallofthefollowingcriteriaaremet:• Eachhandlerusingthefacility
isworkingintheareathatisbe-ingtreatedorthatisunderarestricted-entryinterval
• Acontainerisusedtoenclosethesingle-usetowelsandtheextrachangeofcleancoveralls,and
• Runningtapwaterisused,orthewaterisenclosedinacontainer.Ifthepesticideproductlabelrequiresprotectiveeyewear,onepintofwaterforemergencyeyeflushingmustbekeptimmedi-atelyavailableforeachemployeehandlingpesticidesusedforthecommercialorresearchproduc-tionofanagriculturalplantcommodity.Theeyeflushwatermustbecarriedbythehandlerorkeptinthevehicleoraircraftthatisbeingusedbythehandler.
Employersmustprovideadecon-taminationsitethatiswithin100feetofthemixingandloadingsitewhenemployeeshandlepesticideswiththe
signalword“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”forusesotherthanthecommercialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity.
Personal Protective Equipment.Employersmustprovideallrequired(PPE).Theyareresponsibleforitsdailyinspection,cleaning,andrepair,anditsreplacement,whennecessary.EmployersmustassurethatallPPEismaintainedandkeptinaclean,spe-ciallydesignatedplaceorlockerwhenitisnotinuse.WhenapplicatorsuseanyofthePPErequirementexceptionsinthe3CCRsection6738,theymustkeepthelabel-requiredPPEimmediatelyavailableforuseinanemergency.EmployersmustassurethatPPE
isproperlyusedandthathandlersaredirectednottotakepotentiallycontaminatedPPEhome.Also,employersmustassurethatappropri-atemeasuresaretakentopreventheat-relatedillnesses.
Coveralls.Employersmustensurethateachemployeewhohandlesanypesticidewiththesignalword“DANGER/POISON”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”isprovidedwith,andwears,cleancoverallsatthestartofeachworkday.(Figure5-1)Coverallsmeansaone-ortwo-piecegarmentofclosely-wovenfabricthatcoverstheentirebodyexceptforthehead,hands,andfeet.Employeesarerequiredtoremove
theircoverallsandwashthemselvesattheendofeachworkday.Theymustnottakepotentiallycontaminatedcoverallshome.However,whenanemployeedoesnotreturntotheem-ployer’sheadquartersattheendoftheworkday,theycanremovetheircover-allsandstoretheminasealablecon-taineroutsidetheirownlivingquartersforlaterreturntotheemployer.
74 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
Employersmustprovideforthelaunderingofcoveralls.Theymustinformthepersonorfirmdoingthelaundrythattheywillreceivepesticide-contaminatedclothingandthatitshouldbelaunderedseparately.Employeesusingfumigantsarenotrequiredtowearcoverallsunlessex-presslyrequiredbythepesticidelabel.
Eye Protection.Employersmustprovideemployeeswitheyeprotection(Figure5-2)andassuretheemployeesuseitwhen:• Itisrequiredbythelabel,
exceptasprovidedin3CCRsection6738
• Employeesaremixingandloadingpesticides
• Eyeprotectionisrequiredwhenemployeesuseclosedsystemsthatoperateunderpressure
• Whenemployeesuseotherclosedsystems,eyeprotectionmustbeavailableattheworksite,andtheymustwearitwhentheymakeorbreakequipmentconnections,insertorremoveprobes,oratanyothertimewhentheintegrityofthesystemisbroken.
• Employeesareadjusting,cleaning,orrepairingapplicationequipmentormixingandloadingequipmentthatcontainspesticidesinhoppers,tanks,orlines
• Employeesareconductinghandapplications,exceptwhen:o Applyingvertebratepest
controlbaitsthatareplacedwithoutbeingpropelledfromapplicationequipment
o Applyingsolidfumigantstovertebrateburrows
o Baitinginsectmonitoringtraps,or
o Applyingnon-insecticidallures.
• Engagingingroundapplicationactivitiesusingtowedorvehicle-mountedequipment,exceptwhen:
FIGURE5-1.
Employers must ensure that each employee who handles any pesticide with the signal word “DANGER”, “DNAGER/POISON”, or “WARNING” is provided with clean coveralls at the start of each workday.
FIGURE5-2.
Unless the label specifies the type of eyewear, you may use safety glasses that have a brow piece and side shields when handling pesticides.
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 75
o Injectingorincorporatingpesticidesintosoil
o Vehicle-mountedspraynozzlesarelocatedbelowtheemployeeandthenozzlesaredirecteddownward,or
o Workinginanenclosedcab.• Employeesareflaggingexcept
whentheyareinanenclosedcab.
Protective Gloves.Employersmustprovideemployeeswithgloves(Figure5-3)andassurethatallemployeeswhohandleanypesticideusethemwhenthelabelrequiresit,exceptasprovidedin3CCRsection6738orwhentheyare:• Mixingorloading• Adjusting,cleaning,orrepairing
contaminatedmixing,loading,orapplicationequipment,or
• Makinghandapplicationsorusinghand-heldequipment,exceptwhentheyareusingequip-mentthatpreventshandcontactwithrodenticidebaitorwithcontaminatedequipment.
Theexceptiontothisrequirementiswhenthepesticidelabelspecifiesthatglovesmustnotbeworn.Wheneverglovesarerequired,em-
ployersmustprovideemployeeseachworkdaywithcleanunusedglovesorwithpreviously-usedcleanglovesthat:• Areingoodcondition• Havenoripsorcracks,and• Havebeenthoroughlywashed
insideandoutsidewithsoapandwater.
Ifthetypeofgloverequiredisnotspecifiedonthepesticidela-bel,employersmustprovideglovesmadeofrubber,neoprene,orotherchemical-resistantmaterialthatprovidesequivalentorbetterprotec-tionfromthepesticidebeinghandled.Ifchemical-resistantglovesdonotprovideadequatesupplenessanddurability,leatherglovesmaybewornoverchemical-resistantliners.Once
leathergloveshavebeenusedforthispurpose,theymustnotbeworninanyothersituation.Flockedorlinedglovesareprohibited,butundercertainconditionsdisposableseparateglovelinersareallowedtomakewearingchemical-resistantglovesmorecomfortable.Aglovelinerisdefinedasaseparateglove-likehandcoveringmadefromalightweightmaterial,withorwithoutfingers.Flocking,whichconsistsofcloselyplacedsmalltuftsofsoftmaterialgluedorbondedontotheinsideofgloves,isnotdefinedasagloveliner.Flockedglovesareprohibitedbecausetheyarenearlyimpossibletoadequatelydecontaminate.
Chemical-Resistant Protective Clothing.Whenthelabelorregula-tionsspecifywaterprooforimpervi-ouspantsandcoat,orarainsuit,employersmustprovide,andassurethatemployeeswearafull-body,chemical-resistantsuitthatcoversthetorso,head,arms,hands,legs,andfeet.(Figure5-4)Ifanemployeeworksasanapplicatorinanenclosedcaborasaflaggerinanenclosedvehicle,theymustkeepthefull-body,chemical-resistantprotectiveclothingimmediatelyavailableandstoredinachemical-resistantcontainer.Whenanemployeemixes,loads,
ortransferspesticideswiththesignalword“DANGER/POISON”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”throughaclosedsystemorinsealedwater-solublepackets,theymustwearataminimum,coveralls,achemical-resistantapronandchemical-resistantgloves.However,theymustkeepthefull-body,chemical-resistantprotec-tiveclothingimmediatelyavailableattheworksite.Noemployeemayhandleany
pesticidethatrequiresafull-body,chemical-resistantprotectivesuitwhentheambienttemperatureex-
FIGURE5-3.
If the type of glove required is not specified on the pesticide label, employers must provide gloves made of rubber, neoprene, or other chemical- resistant material that provides equivalent or better protection from the pesticide being handled.
FIGURE5-4.
Chemical-resistant garments provide the maximum amount of protection from pesticide exposure.
ceeds80°Fduringdaylighthoursor85°Fduringnighttimehours,sunsettosunrise.Theexceptioniswhenem-ployeesusecooled,chemical-resistantsuitsorothercontrolmethodstopreventhyperthermia.
Footwear.Whenthepesticidelabelspecifieschemical-resistantfootwear,(Figure5-5)employersmustassurethatemployeeswearoneofthefollowingtypesoffootwear:• Chemical-resistantshoes• Chemical-resistantboots,or• Chemical-resistantcoverings
wornoverbootsorshoes.Employeesdonotneedtowear
chemical-resistantfootwearwhentheyareoperatingaircraft.
Head Gear.Whenthepesticidelabelspecifieschemical-resistantheadgear,employersmustassurethatemploy-eesweareitherachemical-resistanthoodorachemical-resistanthatwithawidebrim.(Figure5-6)Foraircraftoperation,ahelmetmaybesubstitut-edforchemical-resistantheadgear.
Apron.Whenthepesticidelabelspecifiesachemical-resistantapron,employersmustassurethatemploy-eeswearonethatcoversthefrontofthebodyfrommid-chesttotheknees.
Respiratory Protection.Whenapesticidelabel,restrictedmaterialpermitconditionorregulationrequirestheuseofrespiratoryprotection,employersshall:• Haveinplaceawrittenrespirato-
ryprotectionprogramwithworksite-specificprocedures,and
• Assurethatemployeesuserespi-ratorsinaccordancewithpesti-cidelabeling,restrictedmaterialpermitconditions,orregulations.
TheNationalInstituteforOccupa-tionalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH)ortheMineSafetyandHealth
76 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
Administration(MSHA)mustcurrentlyapprovetherespiratoryprotectionequipmentthatisusedattheworksite.(Figure5-6)Theapprovalmustbeforeachspecificpesticideandexposureconditionforwhichrespiratoryprotectionisused.Anemployermayproviderespiratorstoemployeesorallowemployeestousetheirownrespiratorsonavolun-tarybasis.Theemployermustprovidetoemployeesinformationoutlinedin3CCRsection6739abouttheproperuseofrespiratorsandtheirlimitations.Underanemployer-suppliedvoluntaryrespiratorprovi-sion,theemployermustimplementaminimalwrittenrespiratoryprotec-tionprogram.Awrittenprogramisnotrequiredwhenavoluntaryrespi-ratorprogramonlyinvolvestheuseoffilteringfacepiece.Itisimportanttoknowthatfilter-
ingfacepiecesAREconsideredtoberespirators,thereforetheiruseforprotectionagainstpesticideexposureissubjecttoallprovisionsofsection6739.
Written Respiratory Protection Program. Theemployerisresponsibletounder-standandimplementtherespiratorregulationsapplicableattheworksite.DPRcanprovideguidanceforunder-standingtheregulationsanddevelop-ingawrittenrespiratoryprotectionorrespiratorprogram.Theemployer’swrittenrespiratory
trainingprogramshallbeupdatedtoreflectanychangestotheworkplaceconditionsandberetainedbytheemployer,andshallincludethefollowingcomponentsasapplicabletotheworkplaceconditionsthatrequiretheuseofarespirator:• Proceduresforselecting
thecorrectrespirator• Medicalevaluationsofemploy-
eesthatmustweararespirator,including:
FIGURE5-5.
Chemical-resistant garments providethe maximum amount of protection from pesticide exposure. .
FIGURE5-6.
Employers must provide approved respiratory pro-tective equipment when pesticide labeling or regu-lations require it or when respiratory equipment is needed to maintain employee exposure below an applicable recognized exposure standard.
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 77
o Identifyingaphysician,ando Obtainingawrittenmedi-
calrecommendationfromthephysicianregardingtheemployee’sabilitytousearespirator.
• Correctfittestingprocedurestoassurethatemployeesusingtight-fittingfacepieces:o PassanappropriateCal/OHSA
compliantfittestpriortoinitialuseofarespirator,and
o Atleastannuallythereafter.• Proceduresforproperrespirator
use,inroutineandemergencysituations
• Proceduresandschedulesforrespiratormaintenance,including:o Cleaningo Disinfectingo Storingo Inspectingo Repairing,ando Discardingandreplacing.
• Proceduresforproperuseofatmosphere-supplyingrespiratorstoensureair:o Qualityo Quantity,ando Flow.
• Traininginrespiratorusehazardsduring:o Routineandemergency
situations,ando Ifappropriate,toinclude
trainingaboutatmospheresconsideredtobeImmediatelyDangeroustoLifeorHealth.
• Trainingintheproperrespiratoruse,toinclude:o Purposeforrespiratoruseo Puttingono Removingo Anyuselimitationsand
capabilitieso Medicalsignsandsymptoms
thatmayinterferewithrespiratoruse,and
o Maintenance.
• Trainingshallbeconducted:o Beforeanemployee’sinitial
respiratoruseo Atleastannuallythereaftero Whenitisdetermined
thattheemployeeneedsretraining,and
o Ifchangestotheworkplacesituationorrespiratortypeusedmakesprevioustrainingobsolete.
• Proceduresforevaluatingtheef-fectivenessofthewrittenrespiratorprogramshallinclude:o Aworkplaceevaluationo Assuranceofprogram
effectivenesso Annuallyconsultingwith
employeesfortheirviewsonprogrameffectiveness,and
o Identifyinganydeficiencies.• Recordkeepingshallinclude
retainingwritteninformationregarding:o Medicalrecommendationso Fittesting,ando Therespiratorprogram.
Theserecordsshallbemaintainedwhiletheemployeeisrequiredtousearespirator,andforthreeyearsaftertheendofemploymentconditionsrequiringtheuseofarespirator.Personal Protective Equipment
Exceptions and Substitutions.Thefollowingexceptionsandsubstitu-tionsarepermittedforPPEthatisrequiredbytheregulationsorbythepesticidelabel:• Handlersusingaclosedsystem
forpesticidesthatcarrythesignalword“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”mayreplacethePPEspecifiedbythepesticidelabelandinsteaduse:o Coveralls,o Chemical-resistantgloves,ando Achemical-resistantapron.
• Handlersusingaclosedsystemto
handlepesticideswiththesignalword“CAUTION”mayreplacethePPEspecifiedbythepesticidelabelandinsteaduse:o Workclothing.
• Handlersusingaclosedsystemthatoperatesunderpositivepres-sure,forpesticidesthatcarrythesignalword“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”mustwear:o Protectiveeyewearo Coverallso Chemical-resistantgloves,ando Achemical-resistantapron.
• Handlersusingaclosedsystemthatoperatesunderpositivepressure,forpesticidesthatcarrythesignalword“CAUTION”mustwear:o Protectiveeyewearando Workclothing.
• HandlersusinganyclosedsystemmustkeepthePPEthatisspecifiedonthepesticidelabelimmediatelyavailableforuseinanemergency
• Handlersproperlymixingpesticidespackagedinwater-solublepacketsareconsideredtomeettheclosed(mixing)systemrequiredin3CCR
• HandlersworkinginanenclosedcabongroundapplicationequipmentorinanenclosedcockpitinaerialapplicationequipmentmaysubstituteworkclothingforthePPEspecifiedbythepesticidelabel
• Handlersworkinginanenclosedcabongroundapplicationequipmentmustwearrespiratoryprotectionwhenrequired
• Handlersworkinginanenclosedcockpitinaerialapplicationequipmentareexemptedfromwearingrespiratoryprotectionwhenrequired
• Handlersworkinginanenclosedcabthatisacceptableforrespira-
78 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
toryprotectionmayuseworkclothinginsteadofthePPEspeci-fiedbythepesticidelabel
• HandlersworkinginanenclosedcabandutilizingthePPEexceptionsmustkeepalllabel-specifiedPPEimmediatelyavailableandstoredinachem-ical-resistantcontainer.Label-specifiedPPEmustbewornifitisnecessarytoworkoutsidetheenclosedcaborcockpitandcontactpesticidetreatedsurfacesinthetreatedarea.OncethePPEisworninthetreatedarea,theemployeemustremoveitandstoreitinachemical-resistantcontainerbeforereenteringtheenclosedcab
• Handlersmayuseachemical-resistantsuitinplaceofcover-allsand/orachemical-resistantapron,and
• Handlersworkingaspestcontrolaircraftpilotsarenotrequiredtoweargloveswhileflyingorother-wiseintheenclosedcockpit.However,theymustweargloveswhenenteringorexitinganair-craftcontaminatedwithpesticideresidues.Glovesusedforenteringorexitingthecockpitmustbestoredinachemical-resistantcontainer.
Workplace Requirements.Employ-ersareresponsibletoprovideade-quateworkplacelighting,tocarryoutequipmentinspection,tonotifyemployeeswhoserviceapplicationequipmentofpotentialhazards,andtoprovideclosedmixingsystemswhenthesearerequired.
Lighting. Whenevernaturallightinamixingandloadingareaisnotadequatetoallowanemployeetoreadthelabelandworkinasafemanner,theemployermustprovideartificiallightthatissufficientto
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 79
allowtheemployeetoperformtheseactivitiessafely.
Safe Equipment. Employersmustassurethattheequipmentemployeeswilluseformixing,loading,orapply-ingpesticidesisinspectedbeforeeachdayofuseandfoundtobeingoodrepairandsafetooperate.Employersmustrepairequipmentwithanysafetydefecttoremovethehazardpriortoitsfurtheruse.Employersmustequipallopenings
ontanksusedformixingorapplyingpesticideswithtightlyfittingcoversthatpreventsplashesorspills.And,theymustnotallowanyflexiblehosethatisunderpressureandcarryingaliquidpesticidewiththesignalword“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”topassunshieldedthroughthecockpitofanairplaneorhelicopter.(Figure5-7)Employersmustinstallshut-off
devicesontheexitendofallhosesattachedtomixingtanksthatcarryliquidpesticideswiththesignal
word“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”Thesedevicesmustbedesignedsothattheypreventpesticidesfromsplashingontotheemployeedoingtheloadingwhentheemployeestopsfillingtheapplicationvehicle’stankandremovesthefillerhosefromthetank’sinlet.Areversingactionpumporasimilarsystemthatwillemptythehoseandeliminatedrippingoncethefillingoperationhasstoppedmaybeusedinstead.Aerialorgroundapplicationtanks
thathaveacapacityof49gallonsormoreandthatareusedtomixorapplypesticideswiththesignalword“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”musthaveeithera:• Properlyfunctioningsightgauge
orothermeanstoindicatetheliquidlevelinsidethetanktohelppreventover-filling,OR
• Tankorfillerhosenozzlewithadevicethatautomaticallystops
FIGURE5-7.
Employers must equip all openings on tanks used for mixing or applying pesticides with tightly-fitting covers that prevent splashes or spills.
thefillingoperationwhenthetankisfull,preventingthepesticidemixturefromspillingover.
Equipment Maintenance. Employerswhoownoroperatepesticidemixing,loading,orapplicationequipmentmustprovidehazardnotificationtoequipmentmaintenanceworkers.Eachemployeeundertheircontrolwhomaybeinvolvedincleaning,servicing,orrepairofthisequipmentmustbeinformedofthepesticidehazardstheymayencounterandhowtoprotectthemselvesagainstinjury.Ifpersonsotherthanemployeehandlerswillclean,service,orrepairapplicationequipmenttheemployermustnotifythepersoninchargeofperformingtheseservices.Employ-ersmustprovideemployeeswithanynecessaryPPEorworkclothing.Duringmaintenanceoperations,employersmustinstructandsupervisetheseemployeesinawaythatreduceshazardsorexposure.
Closed Systems. Themosthazardouspesticide-handlingactivityishand-pouringpesticides.Thisactivityhasresultedinmanyseriousillnesses.Employersarerequiredtoprovide
80 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
closedsystemsforemployeeswho,fortheproductionofanagriculturalcommodity:• Mixorloadliquidpesticides
withthesignalword“DANGER/POSION”,“DANGER”or“WARNING”(seeexceptionbelow)
• Loaddilutedliquidmixesderivedfromdrypesticideswiththesignalword“DANGER/POSION”,or“DANGER”
• Mixorloadanyminimalexposurepesticides,OR
• Mixandtransfercertainpesti-cidesusedtoaidcottonharvest.
Properuseofaclosedsystemreducesthepotentialforexposure.Itisimportantthatclosedsystemsbeproperlyoperated,cleaned,andmaintained.Closedsystemsarenotrequiredforemployeeswhohandleatotalofonegallonorlessperdayofpesticidesthathavethesignalword“DANGER/POSION”and“DANGER”andthatarehandledexclusivelyinoriginalcontainersofonegallonorless.Aclosedsystem’sdesignandconstructionmustmeetDPRDirec-tor’sclosedsystemcriteriaandmustbeadequatetopreventexposureofpeopletothepesticidebeinghandled.
PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY • 81
1. The specific application information that an agricultural property operator must provide to workers at a central location include all the following except the ❏ A.Identificationofthetreatedarea.❏ B.Nameordescriptionofthepest.❏ C.Productname.❏ D.Dateandtimeofapplication.
2. Which of the following is not one of the handler employee training requirements?❏ A.Environmentalconcernssuchasdrift,runoff,
andwildlifehazards.❏ B.Thelocationofpesticidepurchasereceipts.❏ C.Warningsabouttakingpesticidesorpesticide
containershome.❏ D.Howtoobtainemergencymedicalcare.
3. Engineering controls for handling pesticides include❏ A.Waterretentionbasins.❏ B.Wheel-movesprinklers.❏ C.Closedmixingsystems.❏ D.Globalpositioningunits.
4. Pesticide handler safety training for employees must be completed before ❏ A.Employeesareallowedtohandle
anypesticide.❏ B.Thefirstworkdayofeachmonthin
whichapesticidemightbehandled.❏ C.Bythe10thofthemonthfollowingthe
monthinwhichpesticideswereused.❏ D.Thebeginningofeachyear.
5. Which of the following qualifications en-ables a person to train pesticide handler employees in commercial or research pro-duction of an agricultural plant commodity?❏ A.AprofessoroftheUniversityofCalifornia.❏ B.ACaliforniaCertifiedPrivateApplicator.❏ C.ACertifiedCropConsultant.❏ D.ADPR-licensedPestControlDealer.
6. Which of the following symptoms would not be reasonable grounds to suspect the possibility of a pesticide illness or injury?❏ A.Scratchesonthearmsorhands.❏ B.Headache.❏ C.Blurredvision.❏ D.Abdominalcramps.
7. Employers must maintain employer handler use records that identify the employee, the name of the pesticide, and the date of handling whenever an employee handles a pesticide that❏ A.Carriesthesignalword“DANGER”or
“WARNING”andisusedforlandscapepestcontrol.
❏ B.Containsanorganophosphateorcarbamateandisusedforright-of-waypestcontrol.
❏ C.Carriesthesignalword“CAUTION”andisusedforthecommercialproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity.
❏ D.Containsanorganophosphatecompoundandisusedforresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity.
8. Employers that have employees who handle organophosphate pesticides in an agricul-tural plant production operation must have a signed written agreement from a doctor for medical supervision if ❏ A.Anyoftheemployeesareunder21years
ofage.❏ B.Anypesticidesusedintheoperationcontain
thesignalwords“DANGER”or“WARNING”.❏ C.Theemployeesregularlyhandleorganophos-
phatepesticideswiththesignalwords“DANGER”or“WARNING”.
❏ D.Employeesregularlyhandleanypesticide.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
82 • PESTICIDE HANDLER SAFETY
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
9. An employee who mixes, loads, or applies pesticides with the signal word “DANGER” in the production of an agricultural commodity may work alone at night if the employee❏ A.Makespersonalcontactbyradiowitharespon-
sibleadultatleasteveryhour.❏ B.Makespersonalcontactbyradiowitharespon-
sibleadultatleasteverytwohours.❏ C.Carriesacellulartelephoneatalltimes.❏ D.Receivesspecialtraining.
10. Decontamination facilities must be equipped at a minimum with❏ A.Soap,single-usetowels,andhighpressure
waterforemergencywashing.❏ B.Sufficientwater,soap,andsingle-usetowels
forroutinewashingofthehandsandface,andemergencywashingoftheentirebody.
❏ C.Soap,singleusetowels,andenoughwaterforroutinehandwashingandemergencywashingoftheface.
❏ D.Single-usetowels,soap,warmwater,andonepintofwaterforeyewashing.
11. __________ are responsible for providing for the laundering of coveralls used by pesticide handler employees.❏ A.Employees.❏ B.Commerciallaundries.❏ C.Fieldsupervisors.❏ D.Employers.
12. An exception to the DPR-regulation requiring employee handlers to wear eye protection when handling pesticides is when❏ A.Thepesticidelabelrequirestheuseofgoggles.❏ B.Usingapressurizedclosedmixingsystem.❏ C.Conductingallhandapplicationoperations.❏ D.Workinginanenclosedcab.
13. Pesticide handler employees must always wear chemical-resistant gloves except when❏ A.Mixingorloadingpesticides.❏ B.Thepesticidelabelspecifiesthatgloves
mustnotbeworn.❏ C.Repairingcontaminatedapplication
equipment.❏ D.Usingabackpacksprayertosprayweeds
withanherbicide.
14. Which of the following procedures is not required in a written pesticide respirator program?❏ A.Selectingandfittingtherespirator.❏ B.Repairingdamagedrespiratorcartridges.❏ C.Cleaningandsanitizingtherespirator.❏ D.Inspectingandmaintainingtherespiratory
equipment.
15. Handlers who properly mix pesticides packaged in water-soluble packets are considered to be using❏ A.Personalprotectiveequipment.❏ B.Non-engineeringcontroldevices.❏ C.Apassiverinsingsystem.❏ D.Aclosedmixingsystem.
FIELDWORKERPESTICIDESAFETYREQUIREMENTS
Fieldworkersafetyregulationsarewrittenandimplementedtoprotectfieldworkersfrompesticidesandpes-ticideresiduesintreatedfields.Theseregulationsrequireemployerstotakecertainprecautionaryorsafetymeasuresbeforefieldworkersenterthetreatedfield.Thesemeasuresinclude:• Fieldworkerpesticidesafety
training• Displayingpesticideapplication
information• Applicationnotification• Settingupdecontamination
facilities,and• Providinghazardcommunication.Theemployerisresponsibleforthe
safetyofemployees.Therequirementsdescribedinthischapterareintendedtopreventemployeesfrombeingexposedtopesticidesorpesticideresidues.
Field Worker Training.Employersmustassurethattheiremployeefield-workershavebeentrainedinpesticidesafetybeforetheyareallowedtoworkinatreatedfield.Fieldworkersmustbetrainedatleasteveryfiveyearsinthefollowingtrainingtopics:• Routinedecontaminationand
thoroughwashingaftertheexposureperiod
• Restricted-entryinterval,posting,andthestandardformatofstateandfederalpostingsigns
• Whereworkersmayencounter
84 • FIELD WORKER SAFETY
pesticidesandtheirresidues• Routesofexposure• Pesticidehazards,chronic,
acuteanddelayedeffects,andsensitizationeffects
• Commonsignsandsymptomsofpesticideoverexposure
• Firstaid,decontamination,eyeflushing,andgettingemergencymedicalattention
• Warningsabouttakingpesticidesorpesticidecontainershome
• Hazardcommunicationrequirements,and
• Employeerightstoinformationandprotectionagainstretalia-toryactionforexercisingemployeerights.
Thetrainingmustbeconductedinamannerthatisunderstoodbyallemployees,presentedorallyfromwrit-tenmaterialsoraudiovisually,usingnon-technicalterms.Thetrainermustrespondtoemployeequestions.Aquali-fiedtrainermustprovidethetraining.Aqualifiedtrainerincludesa:• CaliforniaCertifiedApplicator• Personholdinganyothervalidli-
censeorcertificateofpersonalpesti-cidequalificationissuedbyDPR
• Personwhohascompletedan“instructortraining”programpresentedby:o TheUniversityofCalifornia
StatewideIntegratedPestManagementProject,afterJanuary1,1993,or
o OtherinstructortrainingprogramapprovedbyDPR.
FIELD WORKER SAFETY • 85
• CaliforniaRegisteredProfessionalForester
• PersonholdingavalidCountyBiologistLicenseinPesticideRegulationorInvestigationandEnvironmentalMonitoringissuedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture
• FarmadvisoremployedbyUniversityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension,and
• PersonholdinganyothervalidtrainerqualificationapprovedbyDPR.
Hazard Communication for Field Workers.Wheneveremployeesareworkingasfieldworkersinatreatedfield,employers—includinglaborcon-tractors—mustdisplayacompletedcopyofthePSISleafletA-9,PesticideSafetyRulesforFarmWorkers,attheworksite,orincertaininstancesatacentrallocation.ThisleafletiswritteninEnglishandSpanish.Onepossiblewaytodisplaythis
informationwouldbetoplaceitinabinderthatisreadilyaccessibletoemployees.Itcouldalsobeprovidedasahandoutattheworksite.Ifanemployeeisunabletoread,andiftheemployeerequestsit,theemployermustread,orprovidesomeonetoread,theleaflettotheemployeeinalanguagetheemployeeunderstands.Theoperatorofthepropertymust
maintainthefollowingrecordsanddocumentsinacentrallocationattheworkplace.Thesemustbeaccessibletoemployees,includingemployeesofalaborcontractor,whomayenteratreatedfield:• Pesticideuserecordsforall
thepesticidesthathavebeenappliedtothefieldwithinthelasttwoyears
• CopiesofthePSISleafletsthatprovidegeneralinformationaboutpesticidesorthatare
specifictothepesticideslistedinthepesticideuserecords,and
• AnMSDSforeachpesticidelistedinthepesticideuserecords.TheemployermustmakeeveryreasonableefforttoobtainanMSDSforthepesticidesused.
Beforeemployeesareallowedtoenterpesticidetreatedfields,thepropertyoperatormustinformthemoftheavailabilityandlocationofthepesticideuserecords,PSISleaflets,andanyMSDS.ThePSISleafletsprovideadditionalinformationaboutaspecificpesticide,theuseofcloselyrelatedpesticides,orgeneralinformationaboutpesticidesafety(e.g.,firstaid,respiratoryprotection,storage,anddisposal).PSISleafletsarewrittenbyDPR.Ifemployeesareworkingfora
laborcontractor,thepropertyopera-tormustinformthelaborcontractorofthelocationoftheserecordsandotherdocuments.Thelaborcontrac-tormusttheninformtheemployees.Ifthelocationofrecords,documents,orinformationchanges,thepropertyoperatormustimmediatelyinformemployeesorthelaborcontractoroftheirnewlocation.Employersarerequiredtoinform
theiremployeesthatthey,theirphy-sicians,andtheirrepresentativeshavetherighttoaccessinformationaboutpesticidestowhichtheymaybeexposed.Also,employersmustinformtheiremployeesthattheyareprotectedagainstdischargeorotherdiscriminationforexercisingtheirrights.Uponrequest,theproperty
operatormustmaketheabove-specifiedrecordsanddocumentsavailabletotheemployee,theemployeerepresentative,thelaborcontractor,ortheemployee’sphysicianwithin48hours.
Employer Responsibilities.Employ-ersareresponsibleforsupplyingap-plicationinformation,understandingwhoisqualifiedtobeintreatedareas,planningemergencymedicalcareandprovidingdecontaminationfacilitiesforemployees.
Application-Specific Information.Whenemployeesworkintreatedfieldsonpropertyusedforcomer-cialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity,thepropertyoperatormustdisplayallofthefollowinginformationatacentrallocation:• Identificationofthetreatedarea• Timeanddateofthepesticide
application• Restricted-entryinterval• Productname,theEPAregistra-
tionnumber(s),andtheactiveingredients,and
• SprayadjuvantproductnameandCaliforniaregistrationnumber(s).
Theinformationmustbedisplayedwhenemployeesworkwithin1/4mileofatreatedfield,anditmustre-maindisplayeduntiltheareanolon-germeetsthedefinitionofatreatedfieldoremployeesarenolongerontheestablishment,whicheveroccursfirst.SeetheGlossaryforthedefini-tionofatreatedfield.
Field Work During Pesticide Application.Onfarmsorinforests,onlythepeoplemakingtheapplica-tioncanbedirectedorallowedtoenterorremaininatreatedarea.Intreatednurseriesandgreen-
houses,onlythepeoplemakingtheapplicationcanbedirectedorallowedtoenterorremaininatreatedarea.Thetreatedareaboundariesofdifferentsortsofnurseryandgreen-housepesticideapplicationsaredescribedasfollows.
86 • FIELD WORKER SAFETY
Ifthepesticideisappliedinanursery:• Byaircraft,inanupward
direction,oratapressureofmorethan150poundspersquareinch,orisappliedasfumigant,smoke,fog,oraerosol,theprohibitedareaisthetreat-mentsiteplus100feetinalldirectionswithintheconfinesoftheproperty,or
• Byground,inadownwarddirectionfromaheightgreaterthan12inchesfromthesoilorotherplantingmedium,asafinespray,orusingpressureofmorethan40poundspersquareinch,butnotmorethan150poundspersquareinch,orthatrequiresrespiratoryprotectionontheproductlabel,theprohibitedareaisthetreatmentsiteplus25feetinalldirectionswithintheconfinesoftheproperty.
Ifthepesticideisappliedinagreenhouse:• Asaspacetreatmentwitha
fumigant,smoke,fog,aerosol,ormistorisapesticideforwhichtheproductlabelrequiresrespi-ratoryprotection,theprohibitedareaistheentireenclosedareaplusanyadjacentareathatisnotsealedsufficientlytopreventpes-ticidetransferfromthetreatmentsite,untiltheventilationcriteriahavebeenmet,or
• Asasprayfromaheightgreaterthan12inchesfromthesoilorotherplantingmedium,asafinespray,orusingapressureofmorethan40poundspersquareinch,theprohibitedareaisthetreatmentsiteplus25feetinalldirectionswithintheenclosedarea.
Otherwise,inboththenurseriesandgreenhouses,theprohibitedareaisthetreatmentsite.
FIELD WORKER SAFETY • 87
Greenhouse Ventilation Criteria.Whenagreenhouseapplicationin-
volvesapesticidewithlabeldirectionsthatrequirerespiratoryprotection,andisappliedasafumigant,smoke,mist,fog,oraerosol,itmustbeventi-lateduntil:• Theconcentrationismeasured
andfoundnottoexceedanypesticidelabelstandard,or
• Oneofthefollowinghasoccurredifthereisnolabelstandard:o Tenairexchangesare
complete,o Twohoursofmechanical
ventilation,o Fourhoursofpassive
ventilation,o Twenty-fourhours,with
noventilation,oro Anycombinationofpercent-
ageportionsofeachmethodabove,thesumofwhichequals100%.
Emergency Medical Care.Whenemployeesarerequiredtoenterpesti-cide-treatedfields,emergencymedicalcaremustbeplannedforinadvance.Theemployermustlocatethenearestmedicalfacilitywhereemergency
medicalcarewillbeavailableforallemployeeswhowillworkintreatedfields.Employeesortheirfieldsuper-visorsmustbeinformedofthenameandlocationofthemedicalfacilityordoctorwhereemergencymedicalcareisavailable.Iftheidentifiedfacilityisnotreadilyaccessiblefromtheworklocation,theemployermustoutlinetheproceduresemployeesshouldfollowinordertoobtainemergencymedicalcare.Employersmustensurethatem-
ployeesareimmediatelytakentoadoctorwhenthereisreasontobelievetheyhaveapesticideillnessorinjury,orwhenanexposuretoapesticidehasoccurredthatmightleadtoanemployee’sillness.
Field Worker Decontamination Facilities.Wheneverfieldworkersareworkinginatreatedfield,decontami-nationfacilitiesmustbewithin1/4milefrom—oratthenearestpointofvehicularaccessto—thefieldworkers.Theemployermustassurethatthesefacilitiescontainsufficientwater,soap,andsingle-usetowelsforhandandfacewashingandforemergencyeyeflushing.Thewatermustbeofa
FIGURE6-1.
Employees may enter a treated field during a restricted-entry interval to conduct pesticide handling activities if they use the pesticide handler personal protective equipment listed on the pesticide label.
qualityandtemperaturethatwillnotcauseillnessorinjurytoskinoreyes,orifitisswallowed.Decontaminationfacilitiesmust
notbeinanareathatisbeingtreatedorisunderentryrestrictions,unlessthefieldworkersareperformingearly-entryactivities.
Restricted-Entry Intervals.Arestricted-entryinterval(REI)istheperiodoftimeafteracroporcommodityhasbeentreatedwithapesticidewhenrestrictionsonentryareineffecttoprotectemploy-eesfrompotentialexposuretoahazardouslevelofpesticideresidue.REIsarespecifiedintheregulationsandonthepesticidelabels.Incaseofaninconsistencybetweentheregulation-specifiedREIandlabel-specifiedREI,thelongerREImustbefollowed.IfmorethanoneREIinregulationscanbeappliedtoagivensituation,thelongeronemustbeused.Whenreferenceismadeinan
REItopoundsofapesticide,itmeanspoundsofactiveingredient.EachdayreferencedinanREIisconsideredtobea24-hourperiodbeginningatthecompletionoftheapplication.Theregulation-requiredREIappliestothepesti-cide-cropcombinationslistedintheregulations.
Field Reentry After Pesticide Application.Anyemployeemayenteratreatedfieldwithoutrestric-tionaftertheREIexpires.Butnoem-ployer,laborcontractororpropertyoperatormaydirectanyemployeetoenterorremaininatreatedfielduntilthelabel,orregulation-specifiedREI,hasexpired,whicheverislonger.Exceptionsareexplainedbelow:• Employeesmayonlyentera
treatedfieldduringanREItoconductpesticide-handling
88 • FIELD WORKER SAFETY
activities,includingsoilincorporation,watered-inormechanical,iftheyusethepesticidehandlerPPElistedonthepesticidelabel
• EmployeesmayenteratreatedfieldduringaREItoperformno-contactactivities,whentheinhalationexposurelevelmeetsthelabelstandard.Greenhouseventilationcriteriadescribedearlierinthischaptermustbemetbeforeworkersareal-lowedtoenterforno-contactactivities.“Nocontact”meanstheemployeewillnothaveanycontactwithanytreatedsurface,includingsoil,water,air,equip-ment,orplantsurfaces.The“nocontact”requirementismetiftheemployeeisoperatingatractororotherequipmentandisseparatedfromthetreatedsurfacesbyanenclosedcab,shields,oroperatorplacementontheequipmentinrelationtothetreatedplants
• Employeesmayenteratreatedfieldduringalabel-requiredREItoconductlimited-contactactivi-ties,includinglimited-contactirrigation,thatarenecessaryandunforeseenonlyifallofthefol-lowingoccurs:o Thelabeldoesnotrequire
postingandoralnotificationofemployees
o Atleastfourhourshaveelapsedsincetheapplicationwascompleted
o Theinhalationexposuredoesnotexceedthelabelstandard,oriftheventilationcriteriaoutlinedearlierinthischapterhavebeenmet
o Exposureisminimalandlim-itedtothefeet,thelegsbelowtheknees,thehands,andtheforearmsbelowtheelbows
o Employeesmustweartheearly-entryPPEspecified
FIELD WORKER SAFETY • 89
onthelabelforworkersorthefollowing,(ifnoneisspecified):
–Coveralls, –Socks, –Chemical-resistant
footwear, –Chemical-resistantgloves,
and –Protectiveeyewear,
ifrequiredbythelabel.o Eachemployeespends
nomorethaneighthoursinany24-hourperiodinthetreatedfield,and
o Employeesareinformedbeforeenteringthatthisexceptionisbeingusedandaboutthepriorprovisionsthatapplytothem,orallyorbypostinganotice.
• Employeesmayenteratreatedfieldtoperformactivitiesthatdonotinvolvehandlaborotherthanpesticidehandling,no-contactactivities,orlimited-contactactivities,providedthatallofthefollowingoccurs:o Atleastfourhourshave
elapsedsincetheendoftheapplication
o Theinhalationexposuredoesnotexceedthelabelstandard,ortheventilationcriteriaoutlinedearlierinthischapterhavebeenmet
o EmployeesusethePPErequiredbythelabelforearlyentry
o Employeesremaininthetreatedfieldfornomorethan1hourinany24hourperiod,and
o Iftheyareinformedbeforeenteringthatthisexceptionisbeingusedandabouttheprovisionsthatapplytothem,orallyorbypostinganotice.
Whenemployeesoperatetractorsorotherequipmentwithenclosed
cabs,orwhentheyarepreventedfromcomingintocontactwithanythingthatwastreated,theyareconsideredtobeengagingina“nocontact”activity.
Restricted Entry Interval Adjust-ments.TheREIadjustmentsdescribedinthefollowingparagraphsandinSidebar2canbemadeonlytoREIsinregulationsnotinpesticidelabeling.REIsmaychangefromtimetotime.ReadthepesticidelabelorconsultyourCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerforcurrentinformation.
Shortening the Restricted-Entry Interval.TheREIadjustmentsde-scribedbelowcanbemadeonlytorestrictedentryintervalsfoundintheregulations,nottothoseprescribedonthepesticidelabel.Inotherwords,REIsspecifiedonthelabelmustbefollowed,theycannotbeadjusted.Withpriorauthorizationfromthe
CountyAgriculturalCommissioner,regulation-requiredREIscanbeshortenedasfollows:• Whenthereisnofoliageonthe
plantthathasbeentreated,andwhenanycropcoverorweedcoverinthetreatedareaisnotoverfourinchesinheight,therestrictedentryintervalcanbereducedby50percent,butinnocasetolessthanthelabel-specifiedrestrictedentryinterval,and
• Whenthepesticidelabelrequiresyoutoadjusttherestrictedentryintervalifyoumakeoutdoorapplicationsinageographi-calareathataverageslessthan25inchesofrainannually,youmustobservethelabel’sspecialREIrequirementsforthesedryareas.But,ifyoucanpresentyourCountyAgriculturalCommis-sionerwithvalidrainfalldatafromanofficialgovernment
sourceshowingthattheareainyourcountywhereyouwanttoapplypesticidesaverages25inchesofrainormoreannually,yourCountyAgriculturalCom-missionerisallowedtoshortentheREI.
Requirements for Early-Entry Field Workers.EmployeesmaybeallowedtoperformtasksinatreatedfieldaftercompletionoftheapplicationandwhileaREIisineffectONLYiftheemployermakessurethatthefollowingtakesplace:• Early-entryfieldworkersare
informedofpesticidelabelrequirementsregardingallofthefollowing:o Humanhazardsor
precautionso Firstaido Symptomsofpoisoningo Useandcareoflabel-required
PPEforearlyentryworkerso Prevention,recognition,
90 • FIELD WORKER SAFETY
andfirstaidforheat-relatedillnesses,and
o Theimportanceofwashingthemselvesthoroughlyattheendoftheexposureperiod.
• EmployersprovideallrequiredPPEandprovideforitsclean-ingaccordingtopesticidelabelinstructions.IntheabsenceofanyinstructionsthePPEmustbewashedinhotwaterwithdetergent
• PPEis:o Replacedwhenitcannotbe
properlycleanedorrepairedo Inspectedbyemployerbefore
eachday’suse,ando Keptseparatefrompersonal
clothinginapesticidefree,specificallydesignatedplacewhennotinuse
o Cleanedanddried,orstoredinawell-ventilatedplacetodry,and
o ThatcontaminatedPPEiskeptandwashed
SIDEBAR2
Restricted-Entry Interval Adjustments: An Example:
To determine what the restricted-entry interval should be when you are applying a mixture of two or more organophosphate pesticides with differing restricted-entry intervals, add 50 per-cent of the next longest restricted-entry interval to the longest restricted-entry interval. For example, when treating a crop with a combination of Pesticide A and Pesticide B, the restricted-entry interval would be 15 days:
Restricted-Entry Interval
Pesticide A – 14 days
Pesticide B – 2 days
Calculations
50% of 2 days = 2 x 0.5 = 1
14 + 1 = 15 days
FIELD WORKER SAFETY • 91
separatelyfromotherclothingorlaundry.
• AllrequiredPPEmeetstheapplicablestandardin3CCR
• EmployeesuseallPPEcorrectlyforitsintendedpurpose
• PPEremainsthepropertyoftheemployer.TheemployermustnotdirectorallowemployeestotakecontaminatedPPEhome.
• EmployerinformsanyonewhocleansorlaundersPPEo Thatitmaybecontaminatedo Thehazardsitpresents,ando Howtoproperlyhandleand
cleanit-,and• Whenthepesticidelabelrequires
eyeprotection,thatearly-entryworkershaveinhisorherpos-sessionorintheirworkvehicleatleastonepintofeyeflushwater.
Warning and Posting Requirements.Whenpropertyisusedforcommercialorresearchproductionofanagricul-turalcommodity,propertyoperatorsmustassurethattheiremployees,includingtheemployeesofanycontractortheyhire,arenotifiedofallscheduledpesticideapplications.Priortotheapplicationpropertyoperatorsmustgivethenotificationtoanyperson:• Inthefield• Likelytoenterduring
theapplication,or• Whomayenterduring
theREIanyemployeewhowalkswithin1/4mileofthetreatedfield.
Peoplewhoapplythepesticidesorsupervisetheapplicationsneednotbegivennotification.Thenoticemustbegiveninaman-
nerthatisunderstoodbythepeoplenotified.Thenoticemustincludethedescriptionandlocationofthetreatedarea,thetimeperiodduringwhichentryisrestricted,andinstructionsto
stayoutofthetreatedfield,exceptasprovidedforearlyentry,untiltheREIexpires.Oralnotificationisnotrequiredifthefieldispostedasspecifiedintheregulations,unlessthepesticidelabelrequiresbothoralwarningsandfieldposting.(Figure6-1)Whenthepesticidelabelrequires
it,propertyoperatorsmustassurethatsignsarepostedaroundtreatedfieldsduringtheapplicationandthroughouttheREI.Signsarenotrequiredifcontrolmeasuresareusedtopreventemployees,exceptforthehandlersmakingtheapplication,fromdoinganyofthefollowing:• Walkingwithin1/4mile
oftreatedarea• Enteringthetreatedarea,and• Workinginorremainingin
thetreatedfield.Allgreenhouseapplicationsrequire
postingofwarningsignsunlesscontrolmeasuresareusedtopreventemployees,exceptforthehandlersmakingtheapplication,from• Enteringthegreenhouses• Workingin,orremainingin,
and• Passingthroughthegreenhouse
duringtheapplicationand/ortheREI.
WarningsignsmustbepostedwhenanypesticideapplicationresultsinanREIgreaterthansevendaysafteranyadjustmentsallowedbytheregulations.
Warning Signs.Warningsignsmusthaveaskullandcrossbonessymbolnearthecenter.Thewords“DAN-GER,”“PELIGRO,”“PESTICIDES,”and“PESTICIDAS”mustappearintheupperportionofthesign,whilethewords“KEEPOUT”and“NOENTRE”mustappearinthelowerportion.Thewordingmustberead-ableandthesymbolvisibletoapersonwithnormalvisionfrom25
feet.Thecolorsofthelettersandsymbolsmustcontrastwiththeirimmediatebackground.Thesignsmustbepostednoearlierthan24hourspriortoanapplicationandmustberemovedwithinthreedaysafterexpirationoftheREI,beforeemployeesentertoperformactivitiesprohibitedduringtheREI.ThesignmustremainpostedandclearlylegiblethroughouttheapplicationandanREI.WhenthesignisusedforanREIgreaterthansevendays,thefollowinginformationmustappearinthelowerportionofthesign:• Datewhenentrywillbecome
unrestricted,• Nameofthepropertyoperator,
and• Fieldidentification,ifany.Warningsignsmustbepostedso
theyarevisibleatallusualpointsofentrytothetreatedfield.Thisincludeseachroad,footpath,walkway,oraislethatentersthetreatedfield.Thesignsmustbepostedalongtheborderwithanylaborcampthatisadjacenttothetreatedfield.Ifthetreatedfieldbor-dersanunfencedpublicright-of-waysuchasaroad,trail,orpath,addition-alsignsmustbepostedateachendofthetreatedfieldandalongtheborderatintervalsnogreaterthan600feet.Whenaminimalexposurepesticide
orapesticidewiththesignalword
92 • FIELD WORKER SAFETY
“DANGER/POISON”or“DANGER”onthelabelisappliedthroughanir-rigationsystem,signsmustbepostedinthesamemanneraspreviouslydescribed.However,suchwarningsignsmustalsocontainanoctagonSTOPsignsymbolatleasteightinchesindiametercontainingtheword“STOP”inEnglish.Also,thewords“KEEPOUT”and“NOENTRE”mustappearabovethesymbol,andthewords“PESTICIDESINIRRIGATIONWATER”and“PESTICIDASENAGUADERIEGO”mustappearbelowthesymbol.Alllettersmustbeatleast2-1/2inchestall,andthecolorofthesymbolandlettersmustcontrastsharplywiththebackground.Ifafumigantisappliedtoafield,
warningsignsmustbepostedasdescribedabove.However,thesignmustinsteadhavetheskullandcrossbonessymbolandthefollowingwordsandinformation:• “DANGER/PELIGRO”• “AREAUNDERFUMIGATION,
DONOTENTER/NOENTRE”• “(Nameofthefumigant)
FUMIGANTINUSE”• Dateandtimeofthe
fumigation,and• Name,address,andtelephone
numberoftheapplicator.
FIELD WORKER SAFETY • 93
1. When must pesticide safety training be given to field workers?❏ A.Withinonemonthaftertheybeginwork.❏ B.Immediatelyaftereachpesticideapplication.❏ C.Beforetheyareallowedtoworkina
treatedfield.❏ D.Whenfieldworkersrequesttraining.
2. How often must field workers receive pesti-cide safety training?❏ A.Everyyear.❏ B.Everytwoyears.❏ C.Everyfouryears.❏ D.Everyfiveyears.
3. Who is qualified to provide training to field workers in California? ❏ A.Apersonwhohascompletedanapproved
instructor-trainingprogram.❏ B.Anotherfieldworkerwhoattended
afieldworkertrainingsession.❏ C.Anyfieldsupervisororfarmmanager.❏ D.AUniversityofCaliforniaprofessor.
4. What document must be displayed at the work site or central location when field workers are working in a pesticide-treated field?❏ A.ThePestControlRecommendationsignedby
alicensedPestControlAdviser.❏ B.AcompletedPSISleafletA-9.❏ C.Anoutlineofthepesticidesafetytraining
providedtotheworkers.❏ D.Alistofthetrainedworkersemployedbythe
farmingoperation.
5. Before field worker employees are allowed to enter pesticide-treated fields, what infor-mation must the property operator inform them about that is mandated by California’s pesticide laws?❏ A.Thelocationofdrinkingwater.❏ B.Theworkhours,includingbreakandlunch
periods.❏ C.Theavailabilityandlocationofthepesticide
userecords,PSISleaflets,andMSDS’s.❏ D.Howtoprotectthemselvesfromsunexposure.
6. Which of the following information about a pesticide-treated field is not required to be displayed at a central location?❏ A.Thetimeanddateofthepesticideapplication.❏ B.TheREI.❏ C.Theproductname,theEPAregistration
number,andtheactiveingredients.❏ D.Thenameofthepersonwhomade
thepesticideapplication.
7. When a pesticide that requires the use of a respirator is applied to a small number of plants in one section of a greenhouse, the treated area is considered to be❏ A.25feetinalldirectionsfromthetreatedplants.❏ B.Theentireenclosedareaplusanyadjacent
areathatisnotsealedfromthetreatmentsite.❏ C.100feetinalldirectionsfromthetreated
plants.❏ D.Thetreatmentsiteonly.
8. When employees are required to enter pesticide-treated fields, emergency medical care must be❏ A.Obtainedbytheemployeesifneeded.❏ B.Providedifneededaftertheemployer
consultswithamedicaladvisor.❏ C.Plannedandarrangedforinadvance
bytheemployer.❏ D.ArrangedforbythelocalCountyAgricultural
Commissioner.
9. When there is an inconsistency between the regulation-specified REI and the label-specified REI, you must always❏ A.Averagethetworestricted-entryintervals.❏ B.Followtheregulation-specifiedinterval.❏ C.Followthelabel-specifiedinterval.❏ D.Usethelongerinterval.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
94 • FIELD WORKER SAFETY
10. Which of the following is one of the restric-tions for employees entering a pesticide-treated area before the REI expires to conduct limited-contact activities?❏ A.Atleast12hourshaveelapsedsince
theapplicationwascompleted.❏ B.Thelabelrequirespostingandoral
notificationofemployees.❏ C.Eachemployeespendsnomorethan
eighthoursinany24-hourperiodinthetreatedfield.
❏ D.Employeesarewearinglong-sleevedshirts,longpants,andshoesandsocks.
11. Which of the following would be considered a no contact activity in a pesticide-treated area in which the REI has not expired?❏ A.Performinghandlaboractivities.❏ B.Limited-contactirrigationactivities.❏ C.Adjustingorrepairingthepesticidesprayer.❏ D.Operatingatractorfromanenclosedcab.
12. When using posting as a method of notifi-cation about a pesticide REI, posting signs must be placed no further apart than❏ A.100feet.❏ B.250feet.❏ C.500feet.❏ D.600feet.
13. When the pesticide label requires eye protection, employers must also provide each early-entry worker with❏ A.Sunglasses.❏ B.Atleastonepintofeyeflushwater.❏ C.Threepairsofgoggles.❏ D.Prescriptioneyedrops.
14. Which of the following is not an employer responsibility before allowing employees into a treated field after completion of a pesticide application and while a REI is in effect?❏ A.Providinginstructionsonwhere
andhowtostorepersonalprotectiveequipmentathome.
❏ B.Providingallrequiredpersonalprotectiveequipment.
❏ C.Providinginstructionstoemployeestowashthoroughlyattheendoftheexposureperiod.
❏ D.Providinginformationonrecognizing,preventing,andgivingfirstaidforheat-relatedillnesses.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
GENERALFUMIGATIONHANDLERREQUIREMENTS
Employersareresponsibleforensuringsafeworkingconditionsfortheirfumigationhandleremployees.Theymustmakesureemployeeshavetherequiredpersonalpro-tectiveequipment,includingtheproperrespiratoryequipmentandaremonitored,orprotectedinotherwaysspecifiedbelow.Theymusthaveanaccidentresponseplanandtraintheiremployeeshowtorespondincaseofaccidents.And,theymustobserveregulationsregardingfumigatingen-closedspacesandfieldsandpostingofwarningsigns.
General Fumigation—Safe Use Requirements.Employersmustpro-videandassurethatemployeesweartheapprovedrespiratoryequipmentwhen:• Fumigantconcentrations
o Cannotbecontrolled,ando Theyexposeemployeesto
levelsthatexceedthePermissibleExposureLimit(PEL)asspecifiedintheTitle8,CaliforniaCodeofRegulations,section5155,or
• Whentheproductlabelspecifiesmorestringentrequirements.
Whenanemployeemightbeexposedtolevelsabovethepermis-sibleexposurelimitformethylbro-mide,sulfurylfluoride(Vikane),oranyotherfumigantforwhichtheonlytypeofapprovedrespiratory
96 • FUMIGATION HANDLER WORKER SAFETY
equipmentisair-suppliedequipment,theemployerhastheoptiontodooneofthefollowing:• Requiretheemployeetouseair-
suppliedrespiratoryequipment,eitherself-containedbreathingapparatus(SCBA)oranair-linerespirator
• ProvidecontinuousmonitoringtowarntheemployeebeforethePELisreached,or
• Uponwrittenrequestbyanemployer,DPRwillreviewandmayacceptafumigationsafetyprogramthatdescribesmethods,workpractices,devices,orprocessesthatDPRdetermineswillensureemployeeswillnotbeexposedtoconcentrationsoffumigantsinexcessofthePEL.
Accident Response Plan.Employ-ersmusthaveanaccidentresponseplanateachworksite,thatprovidesinstructionstoprotectemployeesdur-ingsituationssuchasspills,fire,andleaks.Theemployermusttrainem-ployeesintheaccidentmanagementproceduresasstatedintheplan.
Fumigation of Enclosed Spaces. Enclosedspacesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:• Vaults• Chambers• Greenhouses• Vans• Boxcars• Ships• Planes
FUMIGATION HANDLER WORKER SAFETY • 97
• Vehicles,and• Tarp-coveredstructures
andcommodities.Whenyoufumigatetarp-covered
commoditiesinsideofbuildings,orwhenyoufumigateareasorthingsinsideenclosedgreenhousesorotherenclosedspaces,thefollow-ingrequirementsapplytotheentirestructureorspace:• Atleasttwotrainedemployees
mustbepresentatalltimes• Theemployeesshallbe
trainedinpesticidesafety,includinghowtofollowanaccidentresponseplan,and
• Thetwotrainedemployessmustbepresentwhen:o Thefumigantisintroduced,o Whenanyoneentersthe
enclosedspacetofacilitateaeration,and
o Whenanyoneenterstheenclosedspacetodeterminethefumigantconcentration.
Inallofthesecases,PPEmustbewornwhenthepesticideproductlabelortheregulationsrequireit.Thesecondemployeemusthaveimmediateaccesstothelabel-requiredPPEforpesticidehandlers,incaseitbecomesnecessarytoenterthefumigatedenclosedspaceforrescue.Theonlyexceptioniswhensolid
fumigantsareintroducedintotheenclosedspacefromapositionoutsidetheenclosedspace.Solidfumigantsinclude:• Aluminumphosphide,• Magnesiumphosphide,
and• Smokecartridges.Inthesecasesonlyonetrained
employeemustbepresent.Theemployermustfollowthehazardcommunicationandworkersafetyrequirementsinregulations.
Warning Signs.Youmustpostplainlyvisiblewarningsignsatallen-trancestothespacethatwillbefumi-gatedbeforeyoustartanyfumigation.Youmustnotremovewarningsignsuntilfumigationandventilationhavebeencompletedandthepremisesaresafeforrentry.Warningsignsmustbeprintedin
redonawhitebackground.Theymustcontain,inEnglishandSpanish,thefollowingstatementinlettersthatarenolessthantwoinchesinheight:“DANGER—FUMIGATION.”Thesignsmustalsohaveaskull
andcrossbonessymbolthatisnolessthanoneinchinheight,andinlettersthatarenolessthanone-halfinchinheight.Thesignsmustidentifythe:• Nameofthefumigant• Dateandtimethefumigant
wasintroduced,and• Name,address,andtelephone
numberoftheapplicatorperformingthefumigation.
UnlessthefumigantconcentrationintheareaisknowntobeatorbelowthePEL,employersmustnotallowemployeestoenterfumigatedenclosedareas,exceptproperlyprotectedemployeestodeterminethefumigantconcentrationortofacilitateaeration.Fumigantsmustnotbereleased
intoanoccupiedworkarea.Duringthefumigation,meaningafteranyfumigantisappliedandbeforeaerationiscomplete,employersmustmanagethetreatedareaorproductssothatemployeeswhoentertheareaorworkwiththetreat-edproductsarenotexposedtoconcentrationsinexcessofthePEL.Moredetailedandspecificfieldsoilfumigationuserequire-mentsarecoveredintheFieldFumigationStudyGuide,writtenforthosewhostudyfortheSoilFumigationPestControlCategoryExamination.
98 • FUMIGATION HANDLER WORKER SAFETY
1. Employers must provide and require employ-ees to wear approved respiratory equipment when❏ A.Fumigantconcentrationsarekeptbelow
thePermissibleExposureLimit.❏ B.Fumigantconcentrationsarecontrolled
atsafelevels.❏ C.Thefumigantsbeingusedarenon-toxic
topeople.❏ D.Fumigantconcentrationscannotbecontrolled.
2. A fumigation accident response plan must be located❏ A.Intheemployer’sfiles.❏ B.Ontheemployeebulletinboard.❏ C.Ateachworksite.❏ D.Inoneoftheemployees’vehicles.
3. When a fumigated enclosed space is being entered to facilitate aeration, how many trained employees must be present?❏ A.None.❏ B.One.❏ C.Two.❏ D.Four.
4. Before starting any enclosed space fumiga-tion, you must post plainly-visible warning signs ❏ A.Atallentrancestothespace.❏ B.Aroundthemainentrancetothespace.❏ C.Atthreeormorelocationsaroundthespace.❏ D.Atacentrallocationclosetothespace.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
PESTICIDERESIDUE
DPR’sresidue-monitoringprogramisakeyelementintheintegratedreg-ulatoryprogramdesignedtoensurethesafeuseofpesticidesinCalifornia.Thischapterwillgiveyouanoverviewofthelawsandregulationsconcern-ingpesticideresidues.
Monitoring for Pesticide Residues.Pesticideresidueistheremnantofapesticidethatcanbefoundonacroporcommodityafterapplication.Residuesmayresultfromanyofthefollowing:• Directapplication• Off-sitemovementsuchasdrift,
volatilization,wind-blownpesti-cidedustsandpesticideresiduesonsoilparticlesandrunofffromirrigationorrainwater
• Uptakefromcontaminatedsoil,and
• Otherenvironmentalsources.
Sampling for Residues.DPR,theU.S.FDA,andCountyAgriculturalCommissionerscollectsamplesofvariousproducecommoditiesforpesticideresidueanalyses.DPRcol-lectssamplesthroughouttheyearfromchainstoredistributioncenters,wholesalemarkets,andpoints-of-entry.Thesesamplesincludedomesticandforeignproduce.CountyAgricul-turalCommissionersmaycollectandanalyzeproducesamplesfromthefieldsatanytimeduringthegrowing
100 • PESTICIDE RESIDUE
season.Thepurposeofsamplingistomonitorforillegalpesticideuseorpesticideresidues.TheU.S.FDAsamplesdomesticandimportedproduceininterstatecommercewithinCaliforniaandthroughouttheUnitedStates.Theyhavestrength-enedtheirimportprograminthelastfewyearsandnowgivespecialattentiontoimportedfoods.
Pesticide Residue Tolerances.TheU.S.EPAestablishestolerancesforpesticideresiduesinproduce.Eachtoleranceisthehighestresiduelevelofaparticularpesticidethatislegallyallowedonaparticularcom-modity.Thepurposeoftolerancesistoensurethatconsumersarenotexposedtounsafelevelsofpesticideresiduesinfood.Tolerancesarebaseduponextensivecropresiduedataandtoxicologicalinformationdevelopedbypesticideregistrationapplicants.Thisinformationisdevelopedthroughactualcropresiduetrialsandtheuseoftestanimals.QualifiedscientistsatU.S.EPAevaluatethesedata.InCalifornia,pesticidetoler-ancesareenforcedbythejointeffortsofDPREnforcementBranchandtheCDFACenterforAnalyticalChemistry.ProduceissampledbyDPRscientistsandanalyzedforpesticideresiduesbyCDFAchemists.Thebestwayforyoutoavoidpesti-
cideresidueproblemsistoreadandcarefullyfollowthelabelinstructionsandfollowanylawsorregulations
PESTICIDE RESIDUE • 101
thatmaygoverntheuseofaspecificpesticide.Youshouldalwaysconsiderwhatisbeingproducedonadjoiningproperties.Then,selecttheproperpesticideandmethodofapplication,andconfinethepesticidetothepropertyyouaretreating.Lawsandregulationsdonot
justifyorpermitpesticideresidueonproduceunlessatolerancehasbeenestablishedforthatspecificpesticideandproducecombination.Insomeinstances,DPRmayauthorizeanexemptionfromatolerance.
Parts Per Million.Pesticideresiduesarenormallymeasuredinpartspermillion(ppm).Onepartpermillionmeansthatthereisonepartofachemicalforeverymillionpartsofacommodity.Ingeneral,pesticideresiduesaremeasurableataminimumdetectablelevelof0.01ppm.Quarantine. Whenanagriculturalcommodityisfoundtocarrypesticideresiduesinexcessofthelegaltolerance,thecommodityisquarantinedand
SIDEBAR3
Tolerances for Combinations of Related and Unrelated Pesticide Residues Related Pesticide Residue Combination
Consider a lettuce crop treated with Pesticide X and Pesticide Y, both organophosphates. The established tolerance for Pesticide X on lettuce is 2 ppm, and the established tolerance for Pesticide Y is 7 ppm. One lot of packed lettuce was found to carry 1 ppm of Pesticide X and 4 ppm of Pesticide Y. To determine the percent of allowable tolerance, related chemical residues are added on a percentage basis:
One ppm is 50 percent of 2 ppm, and 4 ppm is 57.1 percent of 7 ppm. When 50 percent and 57.1 percent are added together, the result is 107.1 percent. This lot is in violation, because the combined residues exceed 100 percent of the allowed tolerance for organophosphates.
Unrelated Pesticide Residue Combination
Consider what happens if the residue found on this lot of lettuce had been 1 ppm of Pesticide A, an organophosphate, and 2 ppm of Pesticide B, a chlorinated hydrocarbon:
This time the residue on the lettuce is legal, because unrelated pesticides are not added on a percentage basis. Therefore, 100 percent tolerance of each compound is legal.
Pesticide Tolerance Residue Residue (Percent of Tolerance) X 2 ppm 1 ppm 50.0 Y 7 ppm 4 ppm 57.1
107.1
Pesticide Tolerance Residue Residue (Percent of Tolerance) A 1 ppm 1 ppm 100
B 2 ppm 2 ppm 100
102 • PESTICIDE RESIDUE
1. A pesticide residue tolerance is the❏ A.Minimumamountofpesticidethatisallow-
ableonaparticularcommodityatthetimeofapplication.
❏ B.Maximumamountofpesticidethatisallow-ableonaparticularcommodityatthetimeofapplication.
❏ C.Maximumamountofpesticidethatisallow-ableonaparticularcommodityatthetimeofharvest.
❏ D.Maximumamountofpesticidethatisallow-ableonaparticularcommodityatmarketdistributioncenters,wholesalemarkets,andpoints-of-entry.
2. What is the best way to avoid exceeding the legal pesticide tolerance on a com- modity to which you are making a pesticide application? ❏ A.Maketheapplicationascloseaspossible
toharvest.❏ B.Useadjuvantsthatretardthebreakdown
ofthepesticide.❏ C.Carefullyfollowlabelinstructionsand
anylawsorregulationsthatmaygoverntheuseofthespecificpesticide.
❏ D.Makeapplicationsatnightorearlymornings.
3. If an agricultural commodity is found to carry pesticide residues in excess of the legal tolerance it will be ❏ A.Bannedfromsaleincertainstates.❏ B.Allowedtobesoldonlyincertified
farmers’markets.❏ C.Allowedtobesoldonlyoutsideof
theUnitedStates.❏ D.Quarantinedandremovedfromsale
anddistribution.
4. If an agricultural commodity is found to have residues of a pesticide that is not registered for that commodity, it will be ❏ A.Soldforlivestockfeedonly.❏ B.Consideredapublicnuisance.❏C.Heldinstorageuntiltheresiduesdissipate.❏D.Allowedtobesoldonlyoutsideof
theUnitedStates.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
removedfromsaleanddistribution.Thisprocedureisalsoimplementediftheagriculturalcommodityisfoundtohavearesidueforwhichthereisnotoleranceestablished.Thegrower,thepacker,andtheshipperareallsubjecttoprosecution.Thequaran-tinedlotcannotbemovedordisposedofwithoutapprovalfromDPR.Seizure. Ifyoutreatacrop,commod-ity,orsitewithapesticidethatisnotregisteredforuseonthatcrop,commodity,orsite,itisconsidered
apublicnuisance.ItmaybeseizedbyDPRtopreventitsharvestorsaleandtopreventplantingofthesite.
Commercial Laboratories. Manygrow-ersandchemicalfirmsusetheser-vicesofcommerciallaboratoriesthatprovidepesticideresidueanalysis.AlllaboratoriesthatanalyzeproduceforpesticideresiduesmustbeaccreditedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealth.
The Endangered Species Act, The Healthy Schools Act, and Ground and Surface Water Protection 99 THE ENDANGERED
SPECIES ACT 104
THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT 105
GROUND WATER PROTECTION 106
SURFACE WATER PROTECTION 107
REVIEW QUESTIONS 109
THEENDANGEREDSPECIESACT
ThefederalEndangeredSpeciesActof1973wasimplementedtoprovideprotectionsforendangeredandthreatenedplantandanimalspeciesaslistedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeService.ItisalsodesignedtoconservetheecosystemsuponwhichtheselistedspeciesdependUnderthisact,allfederalagencies
mustensurethatanyactionstheyauthorizeorcarryoutwillnotfurtherjeopardizethecontinuedexistenceofendangeredorthreat-enedspecies.Habitatandpreycriticaltothesespecies’survivalalsomustnotbeharmed.U.S.EPA’spesticideregistrationprocessiscoveredundertheserequirements,whichimpactspesticideusersthroughlabelingrequirements.
U.S. EPA Responsibilities.Accord-ingly,U.S.EPAusesitspesticideregistrationandcompliancepro-gramstomitigateadverseimpactstoendangeredspecies,theirhabitats,ortheirpreyfromlegalpesticideuses.Foreachpesticideitregisters,U.S.EPAmustconductabiologicalassessmenttoanalyzethepotentialeffectsofthatpesticideonlistedspecies,theirhabitat,ortheirprey.EithertheNationalMarineFisheriesServiceortheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicewillreviewthebiologicalassessmentandprepareaconclusionofitsreview.Ifit
104 • THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT, AND GROUND AND SURFACE WATER PROTECTION
isconcludedthattheregisteredpesticideusesmayadverselyaffectalistedspeciesortheirhabitat,reasonableandprudentalternativeswillbeproposedtoU.S.EPA
Endangered Species Protection Program.U.S.EPAcreatedanenforceableprogram,theEndan-geredSpeciesProtectionProgram(ESPP)to:• Provideendangeredspeciesand
habitatmaximumprotectionfrompesticideuse,and
• Minimizeanyadverseimpacttopesticideuserswhenimple-mentingprotectionsforendan-geredspeciesfromanypotentialadverseeffectsofpesticideuse.
ToimplementportionsoftheESPP,pesticidelabelsmightdirectuserstoreadspecialcountybulletins.U.S.EPAfollowsaspeciesapproachtoprotection,prioritizedaccordingtothevulnerabilityofeachendangeredorthreatenedplantoranimal.U.S.EPAalsodeterminesthelowestlevelofpesticideusethatmayaffecteachspecies.
California State Plan.InCalifor-nia,DPRhasastateplantoprotectfederallyandstatelistedspeciesfrompesticideuses.Theplanisimplementedthroughanonlinedatabaseapplication,thePesticideRegulationEndangeredSpeciesCustomReal-timeInternetBulletinEngine(PRESCRIBE).PRESCRIBEhelpspesticideusersfindoutif
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT, AND GROUND AND SURFACE WATER PROTECTION • 105
thereareanyendangeredspeciesorspeciehabitatinthevicinityoftheirusesite,andtheuselimitationsthatapplytothepesticideproduct(s)theyintendtouse.DPR’sEndangeredSpeciesProjectactivitiesinclude:• Mappingsitesoccupiedby
federallyandstatethreatenedorendangeredspecies
• Evaluatingtherisksfrompesti-cidestospeciesandtheirhabitat
• ClassifyingrisksfrompesticidesregisteredinCalifornia
• Developingprotectionstrategiestominimizerisksfrompesticidesasneeded
• UpdatingandmaintainingthePRESCRIBEonlinedatabaseapplication,and
• Providingpublicoutreachandapplicatortrainingonendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitats.
OfallthefederallylistedspeciesinCalifornia,theSanJoaquinkitfoxhasthegreatestoverlapwithagricul-turalareas,mostlyintheSanJoaquinValley.OtherspeciesinterspersedwithagriculturalareasinCaliforniaincludebirds,mammals,reptiles,amphibians,fishes,invertebrates,andmanyplants.
DPRcoordinatesitsendangeredspe-ciesprotectionstrategieswiththeU.SFish&WildlifeService,theNational
MarineFisheriesService,theCalifor-niaDepartmentofFishandGame,theCaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,andtheCountyAgriculturalCommissioners.THEHEALTHYSCHOOLSACT
California’sHealthySchoolsAct(HSA)establishedrequirementsdesignedtoprotectthehealthandsafetyofchildrenandstaffincertainpublicschoolsandchilddaycarefacilities.SchoolsandchildcarefacilitiesthatmustcomplywiththeHSAshallmeetspecificpesticideuserequirements.Allpestcontrolbusinessesper-
formingpestcontrolatthesefacili-tiesarealsorequiredtomeetspecificrequirementsthatareinadditiontothegeneralpesticideuserequire-mentsthattheymustmeetwhenperformingpestcontrolatothersites.TheHSAalsoprohibitstheuseofanypesticide:• Withaconditional,interim,or
cancelledregistration,• Usedunderanexperimentaluse
permit,or• Withusesthatareotherwisebe-
ingphased-out.
Requirements for Pest Control Businesses.Inadditiontotheusualapplicationrequirementsforpestcontrolatothersites,thepestcontrolbusinessthatishiredbyaschoolor
FIGURE9-1.
Ground water contamination, resulting from normal, registered use of pesticides, can cause unreasonable risks to human health and the environment.
childcarefacilitythatmustcomplywiththeHSA,shallmeetspecificrequirementsfor:• Providinganapplication
notificationandpostapplicationwarningsigns
• Keepingpesticideuserecords,and
• SubmittinganannualHSAusereporttoDPR.
Thepestcontrolbusinessmustcom-plywithpesticideuserequirementsundertheHSA.
General Requirements for Schools and Child Care Facilities.Generally,schoolsandchildcarefacilitiesthatmustcomplywiththeHSAshall:• Providestaffandparent
notificationofpesticidesintendedtobeappliedandforscheduledapplications
• Assurethatapplicationwarningsignsareposted,and
• Keeppesticideuserecordsofanypesticidesapplied.
Certainpesticidesareexemptfromtheserequirements,includingself-containedbaitsandtraps,crackandcrevicegelsandpastes,andcertainotherpesticidesthatareexemptfromU.S.EPAregistration.
DPR School Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program.DPRpromoteseffectiveleasttoxicpestmanagementpracticesatschoolsandchildcarefacilitiescoveredbytheHSAthroughtheirSchoolIPMPrograms.DPRworkswithschooldistrictsinCaliforniabyprovidingthemwithIPMtrainingandoutreachtoencouragetheadoptionofIPMpractices.DPRinteractswithorganizationsrepresentingchildcareproviders,includingmakingpresentationsabouttheprogramplusprovidingeducationalinfor-mationandencouragementtouseIPMpracticesatchildcarefacilities.
106 • THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT, AND GROUND AND SURFACE WATER PROTECTION
GROUNDWATERPROTECTION
Extensivemonitoringandtestinghavefoundthatnormal,registereduseofcertainpesticideproductshaveresultedingroundwatercon-tamination.(Figure9-1)Ithasbeendeterminedthatthiscontaminationposesunacceptableriskstohumanhealthandtheenvironment.DPR’sgroundwaterprotectionregula-tionsaredesignedtopreventfurthergroundwatercontaminationandtokeepexistingcontaminationfromworsening.Thevariousgroundwaterprotectionregulationsimposespecificuserequirementsforcertainpesticideproductsthathavecon-taminatedorhavethepotentialtocontaminategroundwaterincertainareasofconcern.Thesepesticidesofconcernincludethosewithregisteredlabelingforuseinthefollowingsettings:• Agricultural,• Outdoorinstitutional,or• Outdoorindustrial.
Groundwaterprotectionregulationsidentifythesepesticides,identifycertaingeographicareasandtheirphysicalcharacteristics,andimposeuserequirementsfortheseareasthatinclude:• Obtainingarestrictedmaterial
permit• Possessinganapplicator
certification,and• Restrictingusebasedongeo-
graphicorotherusesitecriteria.
Ground Water Protection Area.Ageographicarea,asmentionedabove,isidentifiedasagroundwaterprotectionarea(GWPA).Itisageographicalareaofapproxi-matelyonesquaremilethatisvulnerabletomovementofpes-ticidestogroundwater.AGWPAisbasedonthedetectionofpesticides:
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT, AND GROUND AND SURFACE WATER PROTECTION • 107
• Ingroundwaterduetolegalagriculturaluse,or
• Onsoiltypesatdepthtothegroundwaterthatarecharacteristicofareaswherepesticideshavebeendetectedingroundwater.
TherearetwotypesofGWPA’s:• Leaching–wherepesticide
residuesmovefromthesoilsurfacedownwardinsoilwithpercolatingwatertogroundwater;and
• Runoff–wherepesticideresiduesarecarriedinrunoffwatertomoredirectroutestogroundwatersuchas:o Dryordrainagewellso Poorlysealedproductionwellso Soilcracks,oro Otherareaswhereleaching
canoccur.GWPA’shavebeenestablishedinnumerouscounties,mostlyintheSacramentoandSanJoaquinValleys,butalsoinotherareasofthestate.
Use Requirements and Restrictions. Whenarestrictedmaterialpermitisrequiredtousethesepesticides:• Youmustselectamanagement
practiceoptionoruserequire-mentsspecifiedintheregulationsorapprovedbytheDirector,and
• TheCountyAgriculturalCommissionermustconcuranddesignatetheselectedpracticeasanenforceableconditiononthepermit.
Theseuserequirementsaredesignedtopreventthepesticidesofconcernfromreachinggroundwaterfromleachingorrunoff.Therearelimitedexemptionstoobtainingarestrictedmaterialspermit.Thespecificuserequire-mentsarebasedonthepesticideusesettingsasdesignatedbytypeofGWPA.
SURFACEWATERPROTECTION
DPR’ssurfacewaterprogramaddressesagriculturalandnon-agriculturalpesticideactivitiestoreducepesticidesinsurfacewaters.Theprogramrelieson:• Stakeholderoutreachto
promotemanagementpracticesthatreducepesticiderunoff
• DPR’sregistrationprocesstoevaluatepotentialadverseeffectstosurfacewaterquality,and
• Implementingmitigationoptionsdesignedtomeetwaterqualitygoals.
Dormant Insecticide Contamination Prevention.Insecticideapplicationsarecommonlymadeoncertaindormantvineandtreecropstocombatoverwinteringarthropodpestsanddiseases.Sincetheseapplicationstypicallycoincidewiththewinterstormseason,somedormantsprayinsecticidescancauseproblemswhentheyortheirresidueswindupinnearbyriversandstreamsfromrunofforwhendriftoccurs.Tomitigatetheseproblems,propertyoperatorsmustfollowDPRregula-tionstocontroldormantsprayrunoffanddrift.Theregulationscoverallapplicationmethodsandatminimum:• Limitapplicationsofcertain
typesofpesticides• Limitapplicationsto
hydrologically-isolatedsites,or• Requireanyrunofftobeheld
onsiteforaspecifiedtimebeforereleaseintoasensitivebodyofwaterorotheraquaticsite,suchascanals,streams,andrivers.
Inaddition,thepropertyoperatormustfollowtherequirementsthatinclude:• Gettingawrittenrecommenda-
tionfromalicensedPCA
• Providingabufferzonearoundanysensitiveaquaticsiteand
• Followingwindspeedrestrictions.Inaddition,aerialapplicationsareallowedonlyif:• Soilconditionsdonotallow
fieldentry,or• Approachingbloomconditions
requireanaerialapplication.Dormantsprayapplicationsareprohibitedifthesoilisalreadysaturated,orfieldrunoffislikely
108 • THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT, AND GROUND AND SURFACE WATER PROTECTION
tooccurifitrainsandastormisforecastedtooccurwithin48hoursafterascheduleddormantsprayapplication.Ahydrologicallyisolatedsiteisanytreatedareathatdoesnotproducerunoffthatcanenteranyirrigationordrainageditch,canal,orotherbodyofwater.Anysurfacewaterbodyisasensitiveaquaticsiteunlessitresidesexclusivelyonprivateproperty.
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS ACT, AND GROUND AND SURFACE WATER PROTECTION • 109
1. Ground water contamination resulting from legal, registered uses of pesticides❏ A.Doesnotoccur.❏ B.Accountsforonlyaminoramountofthepesti-
cidegroundwatercontaminationproblem.❏ C.Cancauseunacceptableriskstohumanhealth
andtheenvironment.❏ D.Occursbutcausesnoriskstohumansorthe
environment.
2. In the Department of Pesticide Regulation sur-face water protection program a hydro-logically isolated site is❏ A.Defineddifferentlyineachcountydepending
onlocaltreatmentareaandsurfacewatercondi-tions.
❏ B.Anareaofsurfacewaterprotectedfrompesticiderunofffromtreatmentareasbyatleast150feetofimpermeablesoil.
❏ C.Consideredtomeananypesticidetreatmentsitethatiscompletelysurroundedbysurfacewater.
❏ D.Anytreatmentareathatdoesnotproducepesticiderunoffthatcanenteranysurfacewater,suchasinanirrigationcanalordrainageditch.
3. The Healthy Schools Act is a❏ A.Federalprogramwithrequirementstopromote
integratedpestmanagementtoprotectnon-pestspeciesfrompesticidesappliedonschoolgrounds.
❏ B.Californialegislativemandatetoprotectchildrenandstafffrompesticideexposureincertainschoolsandchildcarefacilities.
❏ C.StatemandatedprogramthatcoversonlyschoolsandchildcarefacilitieslocatedonStateproperty.
❏ D.Federalprogramthatcoversallschoolsandchildcarefacilitiesthatreceiveanyfederalfunding.
4. When a pest control business must meet requirements in the Healthy Schools Act, the pest control business shall❏ A.Submitaspecificformtoreportweekly
pestcontrolactivityconductedatallschoolsordaycarefacilities.
❏ B.CompleteandpostanannualpestcontrolnoticeatallentrancesofK-12schoolsandallchildcarefacilities.
❏ C.Providespecializednotificationandpesticidesafetytrainingforallinterestedpersonsworkingatschoolsanddaycarefacilitiesservicedbythepestcontrolbusiness.
❏ D.SubmitaschoolandchildcarepesticideusereporttoDPRatleastannually.
5. The goal of the use requirements in the ground water protection regulations is to❏ A.Minimizetheimpactofrainfallonpesticides
appliedtoorchards.❏ B.Encouragetheuseofmechanicalweedcontrol
ingroundwaterprotectionareas.❏ C.Reducerunoffandleachingofcertainpesticides
intogroundwater.❏ D.Discouragetheuseofrestrictedmaterialson
soilsthatcontainwaterwells.
6. The Department of Regulation surface water protection regulations are designed to❏ A.Accuratelyrecordandtrackpesticideuseby
locationduringtherainyseason.❏ B.Prohibituseofpesticideproductsthatareidenti-
fiedasgeneratorsofvolatileorganiccompounds.❏ C.Controlrunoffanddriftofdormantseason
pesticidesappliedtotreeandvinecrops.❏ D.ProvidelocalCountyAgriculturalCommissioners
withpre-applicationnotificationofallpesticidesappliedjustpriortoandafterrainfall.
7. Under the Endangered Species Act, the ________ is responsible for ensuring that reg-istered pesticides will not harm endangered species or their habitats.❏ A.CaliforniaDepartmentofPesticideRegulation.❏ B.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.❏ C.CaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.❏ D.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.
8. Protection of endangered or threatened plants or animals is prioritized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency according to❏ A.Locationinrelationtoagriculturalsites.❏ B.Typeoforganism.❏ C.Vulnerabilityofeachendangeredorthreatened
organism.❏ D.Distributionofeachendangeredor
threatenedorganismthroughouttheU.S.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
Minimal Exposure Pesticides1010 MINIMAL EXPOSURE PESTICIDE
USE REQUIREMENTS 112
REVIEW QUESTIONS 114
MINIMALEXPOSUREPESTICIDEUSEREQUIREMENTS
Becauseofspecifichazardsthatarenotmitigatedbyinstructionsontheirlabels,pesticideswithcertainactiveingredientsareclassifiedasminimalexposurepesticides.Byregulation,peoplewhohandlethesepesticidesmustfollowspecialuserequirements,inadditiontothoseonthelabels,developedtoreducehandlerexposureandmitigatehazardsassociatedwithusingthesepesticides.
Conditions of Use.Thefollowingconditionsapplytocertainminimalexposurepesticides:• Applicationsofoxydemeton-
methyltoornamentallandscapetreesandshrubsmustbemadebytrunkinjectionorsoilinjec-tionmethodsonly,and
• Applicationsofoxydemeton-methylandpropargitearenotallowedwithinagreenhouse.
Minimal Exposure Pesticide Safety Requirements.Theseaddi-tionalsafetyrequirementstakeeffectregardlessofthetoxicitycategoryofthepesticideproductsused.Employ-ersareresponsibleforprovidingchangeanddecontaminationfacili-ties,properprotectiveclothing,andpropermixingequipmentandrespi-ratorprotectionforemployeeswhohandleminimalexposurepesticides.
112 • MINIMAL EXPOSURE PESTICIDES
Change Area. Forallemployeeswhohandleminimalexposurepesticidesforanyperiodoftime,regardlessofthetoxicitycategoryoftheproductbeingused,employersmustprovideanareawheretheycanchangeclothesandwashthemselvesatthelocationwheretheycompletetheirworkday.Employersmustpro-videcleantowels,soap,andadequatewaterforthoroughwashing,andtheymustinstructtheiremployeestoshowerthoroughlywithwarmwaterandsoapassoonaspossibleaftertheendofeachworkshift.Employersmustalsoprovideaclean,pesticide-freeplaceforemployeestostoreanyoftheirpersonalclothingthatisnotinusewhiletheyareatworkhandlingminimalexposurepesticides.
Decontamination Facilities.Em-ployersmustprovidedecontamina-tionfacilitiesatlocationswheremini-malexposurepesticidesaremixedorloaded,regardlessofthetoxicitycategoryoftheproductbeingused.Employersmustensurethatemploy-eeshavesufficientwater,soap,andsingle-usetowelsforroutinewashingoftheirhandsandfaceandforemer-gencyeyeflushingandwashingoftheentirebody.Thequalityandtem-peratureofthewatermustnotcauseillnessorinjurywhenitcomesintocontactwithemployees’skinoreyes,orifitisswallowed.Thiswatermustbestoredseparatelyfromwaterusedformixingwithpesticides,unlessthetankholdingthewaterformixing
MINIMAL EXPOSURE PESTICIDES • 113
withpesticidesisequippedwithap-propriatevalvestopreventbackflowofpesticidesintothetank.
Work Coveralls.Employersmustensurethatemployeeswhohandleminimalexposurepesticidesareprovidedwith,andwear,coveralls.Thisistrueregardlessofthetoxicitycategoryoftheproduct.Employersmustassurethat:• Employeesstarteachworkday
wearingcleancoveralls• Theykeepatleastonechangeof
cleancoverallsavailableatthemixingandloadingsite
• Employeeschangeoutoftheircoverallsandwashthemselvesattheendoftheirworkday
• Employeesdonottakehomepo-tentiallycontaminatedcoverallstheyremoveattheworksiteoratheadquarters,and
• Employeeswhoseworkdaydoesnotrequirethemtoreturntotheiremployer’sheadquartersmustremoveandstoretheircon-taminatedcoverallsinasealablecontaineroutsideoftheirownliv-ingquartersandreturnthemlatertotheiremployer.
Inadditions,employersmustprovideforthelaunderingofcover-alls.Theymustinformthepersonorfirmdoingthelaundrythattheywillreceivepesticide-contaminatedcloth-ingandthatitshouldbelaunderedseparately.
Full-Body Chemical-Resistant Protective Clothing.Employersmustprovide,andensurethatemployeeswear,full-bodychemical-resistantprotectiveclothingwhenemployeeshandleminimalexposurepesticides.Thisclothingmustcoverthetorso,head,arms,hands,legs,andfeetoftheemployee.Employeesworkinginthefollowingsituationsarenotrequiredtowearfull-body
chemical-resistantprotectivecloth-ing,butthisclothingmustbeim-mediatelyavailableforuseinanemergencyfor:• Employeesusingaclosedsystem
orsealedwater-solublepack-etswhilemixing,loading,ortransferringminimalexposurepesticides.Theseemployeesmustinsteadwearachemical-resistantapron,chemical-resistantgloves,andchemical-resistantboots
• Employeesworkingasapplicatorsorflaggersinenclosedvehicles
• Applicatorsusingvehicle-mount-edortowedequipmenttoinjectorincorporateminimalexposurepesticidesintothesoil,and
• Applicatorsusingequipmentwithvehicle-mountedspraynozzlesthataredirecteddownwardandlocatedbelowtheleveloftheemployee.
Closed Systems.Employersmustprovideandensuretheuseofaclosedsystemforallemployeeswhomix,load,ortransferliquidformulationsofminimalexposurepesticides,orwholoaddilutedliquidmixturesde-rivedfromdryformulationsofmini-malexposurepesticides,regardlessoftheirtoxicitycategory.Closedsystemsarenotrequiredforemployeeswhohandleatotalofonegallonorlessofminimalexposurepesticidesperdayexclusivelyinoriginalcontainersofonegallonorless.
Respiratory Protection.Employersmustprovide,andrequireemployeestowear,respiratoryprotectionwhentheyengagein:• Handapplicationorground
applicationofminimalexposurepesticides
• Flaggingduringanapplicationofaminimalexposurepesti-cide,exceptflaggersinenclosedvehicles,or
• Mixingandloadingdryformu-lationsofminimalexposurepesticides,exceptwhenmixersorloadersusesealedwater-solublepackets.
Thefollowingemployeesareex-emptfromthisrespiratoryprotectionrequirement:• Applicatorsusingvehicle-mount-
edortowedequipmenttoinjectorincorporateminimalexposurepesticidesintothesoil,and
114 • MINIMAL EXPOSURE PESTICIDES
• Applicatorsusingequipmentwithvehicle-mountedspraynozzlesthataredirecteddown-wardandlocatedbelowtheleveloftheemployee.
Therespiratoryequipmentemploy-ersprovidetotheiremployeesmustmeettherequirementsinDPRregula-tions.Employersmustensurethatallprotectiveclothingandequipmentiscleanedinsideandoutordiscardedattheendofeachday’suse.
1. A minimal exposure pesticide is a pesticide❏ A.Thatcanbehandledbyanyonewith
thepotentialforlittleornoexposure.❏ B.Withlabelinginstructionsthatdonot
mitigatespecifichazards.❏ C.Withlabelinginstructionsthatmitigate
specifichazards.❏ D.Thatwillnotcausesignificanthumanhealth
orenvironmentalinjury.
2. All employees who handle minimal expo-sure pesticides must have available to them❏ A.Afullfacecartridgerespirator.❏ B.Adesignatedlocationinthepesticidestorage
areatokeeptheirpersonalclothing.❏ C.Speciallydesignedapplicationequipment
thatincludesapesticide-approvedenclosedcab.
❏ D.Anareawheretheycanchangeclothesandwashthemselvesattheendoftheirworkday.
3. For minimal exposure pesticides bearing the signal word CAUTION, employers❏ A.Donotneedtoprovidedecontamination
facilitiesatthemixingandloadingarea.❏ B.Mustprovidedecontaminationfacilities
atthemixingandloadingarea.❏ C.Mustprovidedecontaminationfacilitieswithin
1/4mileofthemixingandloadingarea.❏ D.Mustprovidedecontaminationfacilities
within1mileofthemixingandloadingarea.
4. Respiratory protection is not required if an employee is❏ A.Flaggingduringanapplicationofaminimal
exposurepesticide.❏ B.Applyingminimalexposurepesticideswith
ahand-heldspraywand.❏ C.Mixingandloadingdryformulationsof
aminimalexposurepesticide.❏ D.Usingequipmentwithvehicle-mountedspray
nozzlesthataredirecteddownwardandlocatedbelowtheleveloftheemployee.
REVIEW QUESTIONS (answers on page 115)
Introduction1. B2. C3. D4. A
Chapter 1 1. C2. B3. B4. C5. D6. A7. D8. D9. A
10. B
Chapter 2 1. B2. D3. D4. C5. A6. D7. B8. D
Chapter 31. C2. B3. B4. D5. D6. A7. C8. B9. A
10. A11. C12. B13. C
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS • 115
ANSWER SHEET FOR REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 4 1. A2. C3. B4. C5. D6. C7. A8. D9. C
Chapter 5 1. B2. B3. C4. A5. B6. A7. D8. C9. A
10. B11. D12. D13. B14. B15. D
Chapter 6 1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. B8. C9. D
10. C11. D12. D13. B14. A
Chapter 7 1. D2. C3. C4. A
Chapter 8 1. D2. C3. D4. B
Chapter 9 1. C2. D3. B4. D5. C6. C7. D8. C
Chapter 10 1. B2. D3. B4. D
Glossary
agricultural commodity.anunpro-cessedproductoffarms,ranches,nurseries,andforests,exceptlive-stock,poultry,andfish.Agriculturalcommoditiesinclude:• fruitsandvegetables• grains,suchaswheat,barley,
oats,rye,triticale,rice,corn,andsorghum
• legumes,suchasfieldbeansandpeas
• animalfeedandforagecrops• rangelandandpasture• seedcrops• fibercrops,suchascotton
andflax• oilcrops,suchassafflower,
sunflower,corn,andcottonseed• treesgrownforlumber
andwoodproducts• nurserystockgrown
commercially• Christmastrees• ornamentalsandcutflowers,and• turfgrowncommerciallyforsod.
Agricultural Pest Control Adviser.Apersonwhooffersarecommen-dationonanyagriculturaluse,whoholdshimselforherselfasanauthorityonanyagriculturaluse,orwhosolicitsservicesorsalesforanyagriculturaluse.
agricultural use.theuseofanypesticideormethodordeviceforthecontrolofplantoranimalpests,
oranyotherpests,ortheuseofanypesticidefortheregulationofplantgrowthordefoliationofplants.Thistermexcludesthesaleoruseofpesticidesinproperlylabeledpackagesorcontainersthatareintendedforanyofthefollowing:• homeuse• usebystructuralpestcontrol
operators• industrialorinstitutionaluse• useunderaveterinarian’s
prescription(animalpestsonly),and
• usesbycertainlocaldistrictsoragenciesthatoperateunderacooperativeagreementwiththeCaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealth,asisthecasewithmanymosquitoabatementdistricts.
“Agriculturaluse”includes,butisnotlimitedto,commercialproductionofanimalsorplants,forests,parks,golfcourses,cem-eteries,roadsides,rights-of-way,andnurseries.Schoolyardsarenotincludedwithinthedefinitionofagriculturaluse.
apiary.includesbees,combs,hives,appliances,orcolonies,wherevertheyarekept,located,orfound.
applied to the soil or applied to the ground.meansthelabelof
apesticideproductincludesterminologysuchas:• soilfumigant• soilapplied• soiltreatmentproduct• canbeusedasasoildrench• applicationtosoil• injectintothesoil• incorporateintopxinchesof
soil;pre-plantincorporation• useonsoilforcontrolofsoil
bornediseases• surfaceapplication;bandtreat-
ment,surfaceblend• sidedressingboth/onesideof
rowandcultivateintosoil• shouldbemixeduniformlyinto
topxinchesofsoil• pre-emergenttotheweed• broadcasttothesoil,and• applyinseedfurrow
assure or ensure.totakeallreason-ablemeasuressothatthebehav-ior,activity,oreventinquestionoccurs.Whenthebehavior,activi-ty,oreventinquestioninvolvesorconcernsanemployee,reasonablemeasuresbyanemployerincludedeterminingthattheemployeehastheknowledgetocomply;provid-ingthemeanstocomply;supervis-ingtheworkactivity;andhavingandenforcingawrittenworkplacedisciplinaryactionpolicycoveringtheemployer’srequirements,aswellasothermeasuresrequiredbypesticidelaworregulation.
authorized representative. apersondesignatedinwritingbytheopera-torofthepropertytorepresenttheoperatorofthepropertyinobtain-ingarestrictedmaterialspermit.
back flow.theprocessthatallowspesticide-contaminatedwatermovingintoawellorotherwatersourcefromthemix/load,ap-plication,orothersimilarequip-mentsuchasanursetank.Backflowispreventedbyusingonthe
equipmentlistedaboveanairgap,checkvalve,orothermeansofpreventingmovementofpesticide-contaminatedwaterintoawellorotherwatersource.
bees.honey-producinginsectsofthegenusApis.Thetermincludesalllifestagesoftheseinsects.
branch location.anylocation,otherthantheprincipalplaceofbusi-ness,operatedbyapesticidedealeroragriculturalpestcontrolbusi-nesstocarryoutlicensedactivitiesinCalifornia.
carbamate pesticide.apesticidecontainingestersofN-methylcarbamicacid,whichinhibitcho-linesterase.
Certified Commercial Applicator.apersonholdingavalid• qualifiedapplicatorlicenseor
qualifiedapplicatorcertificateissuedbyDPR
• journeymanpestcontrolaircraftpilot’scertificateissuedbyDPR
• vectorcontroltechniciancertifi-cateissuedbytheVectorBiologyandControlSectionoftheDepartmentofPublicHealth,and
• structuralpestcontroloperatororfieldrepresentativelicenseissuedbytheStructuralPestControlBoard.
Certified Private Applicator.apersonholdingavalidprivateapplicatorcertificateissuedbytheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerorbyDPRinanycountywherethereisnoCountyAgriculturalCommis-sioner.
chemical-resistant or waterproof material.amaterialthatallowsnomeasurablemovementofthepesticidethroughitduringuse.Whenaparticularmaterialisspecifiedonthepesticideproduct
118 • GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY • 119
label,personalprotectiveequip-mentconstructedofthatmaterialmustbeused.
cholinesterase.anessentialenzymefoundinhumanbeingsthatdeactivatesthechemicalacetylcholinethatisresponsiblefortransmittingnerveimpulsesbetweennervesandbetweennervesandmuscles.Withoutpropercholinesteraseactivity,whichallowsthenervesignalstostopattheappropriatetime,nervesandmusclesdonotfunctionproperly.
cholinesterase determination.abloodtestthatdeterminesthelevelofactivecholinesteraseinthebody.
closed system.equipmentforremov-ingapesticidefromitsoriginalcontainer,rinsingtheemptiedcontainer,andtransferringthepesticideproduct,mixtures,dilutions,andrinsesolutionsthroughconnectinghoses,pipes,andcouplingsthataresufficientlytighttopreventexposureofanypersontothepesticideorrinsesolution.Rinsingisnotrequiredwhenthepesticideisusedwithoutdilution.Thesystem’sdesignandconstructionmustmeetDPRclosedsystemcriteria.
commercial applicator.apersonwhouses,orsupervisestheuseof,apesticideforanypurposeoronanypropertyotherthanasprovidedbythedefinitionofprivateapplicator.
conflict with the label.anydeviationfrominstructions,requirements,orprohibitionsoftheregisteredlabelconcerningstorage,handling,oruseexcept• adecreaseindosagerateper
unittreated• adecreaseintheconcentration
ofthemixtureapplied
• applicationatafrequencylessthanspecified
• usetocontrolatargetpestnotlistedonthelabel,providedtheapplicationistoacommodity/sitelistedonthelabelandtheuseoftheproductagainstanunnamedpestisnotexpresslyprohibited
• employingamethodofapplica-tionnotprohibited,providedotherlabeldirectionsarefollowed
• mixingwithanotherpesticideorwithafertilizer,unlesssuchmixtureisprohibited,and
• anincreaseintheconcentrationofthemixtureapplied,provideditcorrespondswiththecurrentpublishedrecommendationsoftheUniversityofCalifornia.
continuous monitoring.themea-surementoftheairconcentra-tionofaspecificpesticideonanuninterrupted,real-timebasisbyinstrumentalmethods.
coverall.aone-ortwo-piecegar-mentofclosely-wovenfabricorequivalentthatcoverstheentirebody,exceptthehead,hands,andfeet,andmustbeprovidedbytheemployeraspersonalprotectiveequipment.Coveralldiffersfrom,andshouldnotbeconfusedwith,workclothingthatcanberequiredtobeprovidedbytheemployee.
display.tomakeinformationavail-abletotheemployeesothatheorshemayreadilyseeandreadthedocument,duringnormalbusinesshours,withouthavingtomakeaspecificrequestofanyperson.Anemployeeshallnotbehinderedorimpededfromexaminingdocu-mentsrequiredtobedisplayed.Thisdefinitiondoesnotprecludeusingabinderorfilingcabinet,thatotherwisemeetsthesecriteria,tocontaindocumentsfordisplay.
early entry.entryintoatreatedfieldorotherareaafterthepesticideapplicationiscomplete,butbeforetherestricted-entryintervalorotherrestrictionsonentryforthatpesticidehaveexpired.
employee.anypersonwho,foranykindofcompensation,performswork,services,oractivitiescoveredbypesticidelawsandregulations.
employer.anypersonwhoexercisesprimarydirectionandcontroloverthework,services,oractivitiesofanemployee.Aforeman,crewleader,supervisor,orsimilarlysituatedpersonrepresentstheemployerwhenhiringanemploy-eeorwhenexercising,orhavingresponsibilityforexercising,theprimarydirectionandcontrol,butisnotconsideredtheemployerhimselforherself.
enclosed cab. achemical-resistantbarriercompletelysurroundingtheoccupant(s)ofthecabthatpreventscontactwithpesticidesortreatedsurfacesoutsidethecabandmeetsthoseportionsoftherequirementsinAmericanSocietyofAgriculturalEngineersStandardS-525(Rev.11/97)thatpertaintodermalprotection.
enclosed cab acceptable for respira-tory protection.anenclosedcabthatincorporatesadust/mist-filteringand/oravapor-orgas-removingairpurificationsystem,asappropriatefortheexposuresituation.EnclosedcabscertifiedbythemanufacturerasmeetingAmericanSocietyofAgriculturalEngineersStandardS-525(Rev.11/97)areacceptableunderthisdefinition.DPRmay,uponrequest,approveotherenclosedcabsasacceptableunderthisdefinition.
examination.writtenexamination.
feasible.capableofbeingaccom-plishedinasuccessfulmanner,withinareasonableperiodoftime,takingintoaccounteconomic,environmental,social,andtechnologicalfactors.
feasible alternatives.otherchemicalornon-chemicalproceduresthatcanreasonablyaccomplishthesamepestcontrolfunctionwithcomparableeffectivenessandreliability,takingintoaccounteconomic,environmental,social,andtechnologicalfactorsandtimelinessofcontrol.
feasible mitigation measure.acon-ditionattachedtotheapprovalofanactivitythat,ifimplemented,wouldsubstantiallyreduceanyadverseimpact,takingintoaccounteconomic,environmental,social,andtechnologicalfactorsandtimelinessofcontrol.
field.anyareaincludingagreen-house,nursery,forest,andforestnurseryuponwhichoneormoreagriculturalplantcommoditiesaregrownforcommercialorresearchproduction.Fielddoesnotincluderangeorpasturegrazedbyanimals.
field worker.anypersonwho,foranykindofcompensation,performsculturalactivitiesinafield.Fieldworkerdoesnotincludepeopleperformingtasksasacropadvisor,includingfieldcheckingorscouting,makingobservationsofthewell-beingoftheplants,ortakingsamples,nordoesitincludelocal,state,orfederalofficialsperforminginspection,sampling,orothersimilarofficialduties.
FIFRA.thisistheacronymforthe“FederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct,”thefederallawgoverningtheregistration,
120 • GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY • 121
sale,possession,anduseofpesticides.
food.anyarticlethatisusedforfoodordrinkforhumanoranyotheranimal,orforacomponentofanysucharticle.
greenhouse.astructureorspace,ofsufficientsizetopermitentry,thatisenclosedwithanonporouscoveringandusedinthecommer-cialorresearchproductionofanagriculturalplantcommodity.Thetermincludespolyhouses,mushroomhouses,rhubarbhouses,andsimilarstructures.
ground application equipment. equipmentsuchas:• handsprayers• backpacksprayers• air-blastsprayers• fieldsoilinjectionequipment• dusters• drills• granularapplicators,and• ground-rigsprayers.
hand labor.anyculturalactivity,performedbyhandorwithhandtools,thatcausessubstantialcontactwithsurfaces(suchasplantsorsoil)thatmayhavepesticideresidues.Theseactivitiesincludehandharvesting,detasseling,thinning,handweeding,topping,planting,suckerremoval,pruning,disbudding,roguing,andpack-ingproduceintocontainersinthefield.Handlabordoesnotincludeoperating,moving,orrepairingirrigationequipmentorperformingthedutiesofacropadvisor,fieldchecker,orscout,makingobservationsofthewellbeingoftheplants,ortakingsamples.
handle.includes:• mixing,loading,transferring,
orapplyingapesticidebyany
methodincludingthroughanirrigationsystem
• assistingwiththeapplicationofanypesticide,includingflagging
• maintaining,servicing,repair-ing,cleaning,orotherwisehandlingequipmentusedintheseactivitiesthatmaycontainresidues
• workingwithopenedpesticidecontainers,includingemptiedbutnotrinsed
• adjusting,repairing,orremov-ingtreatmentsitecoverings
• incorporatingpesticidesintothesoil,includingmechanicalorwatered-in
• enteringatreatedareaduringanyapplicationorbeforetheinhalationexposurelevellistedonthepesticideproductlabelhasbeenreachedorgreen-houseventilationcriteriahavebeenmet,and
• performingthedutiesofacropadvisor,includingfieldcheckingorscouting,makingobservationsofthewell-beingoftheplants,ortakingsamplesduringanapplicationoranyrestricted-entryintervallistedonthepesticideproductlabel.
Handledoesnotincludeofficialdutiesperformedbylocal,state,orfederalofficials,includinginspection,sampling,orothersimilarofficialduties.
home use.useinahouseholdoritsimmediateenvironment.
industrial use.usefororinamanu-facturing,mining,orchemicalprocess;oruseintheoperationoffactories,processingplants,andsimilarsites.
institutional use.usewithintheconfinesof,oronpropertyneces-saryfortheoperationof,build-ingssuchashospitals,schools,
libraries,auditoriums,andofficecomplexes.
laws. statutespassedbytheCalifor-niaLegislatureandsignedbytheGovernor.Pesticideandpestcon-trollawsarefoundintheCalifor-niaFoodandAgriculturalCode.
LC50.thelethalconcentrationofactiveingredientinairorwaterthatwillkill50%ofthetestanimals.LC50isusuallyexpressedinmicrograms(1/1,000,000g)perliterofairorwater(mg/1).LC50isusedtomeasureacuteinhalationtoxicity.
LD50.thelethalconcentrationofactiveingredientthatwillkill50%ofalargepopulationoftestanimals.LD50isusuallyexpressedasthemilligrams(mg)ofpesticideperkilogram(kg)ofbodyweightoftestanimals.LD50isusedtomeasureoraltoxicityandacutedermaltoxicity.
limited contact. whenperformingnecessaryandunforeseentaskssuchasirrigationinapesticide-treatedarea,andcontactingfoliageorotherplantpartsorothersur-facesorobjectsthatcontainpesti-cideresidues,exposureisminimalandlimitedtothefeet,legsbelowtheknees,hands,andarmsbelowtheelbows.
medical supervision.occupationalhealthguidanceandnecessaryassociatedhealthevaluationbyaphysicianlicensedtopracticemedicine.
mill assessment.anassessment,describedintheCaliforniaFoodandAgriculturalCode,oneachdollar’sworthofpesticidessoldinCalifornia.Theassessmentpartiallyfundsthestate’spesticideregulatoryprogram.
mitigation measure.acondition
attachedtotheapprovalofanactivitywhich,ifimplemented,wouldsubstantiallyreduceanyadverseimpact,takingintoaccounteconomic,environmental,social,andtechnologicalfactorsandtimelinessofcontrol.
notice of intent.anoralorwrittennotificationtotheCountyAgriculturalCommissionerpriortotheuseofapesticidepursuanttoapermit.
nuisance.anylotofproducethatisfoundtocarrypesticideresidueinexcessofanymaximum,orinexcessofapermissibletolerance,togetherwithitscontainers,isapublicnuisance.
nursery. anyoperationengagedintheoutdoorcommercialorresearchproductionofcutflowersoror-namentalcutgreensoranyplantsthatwillbeusedintheirentiretyinanotherlocation.
operator of the property.apersonwhoownsthepropertyorislegallyentitledtopossessionofproperty,throughalease,rentalagreement,trust,orothermanage-mentarrangement.
organophosphate pesticide.apesti-cidecontainingorganophospho-rusesters,whichinhibitcholines-terase.
parts per million (ppm). thenumberofpartsoftoxicantpermillionpartsofthesubjectinquestion.Theymayincluderesiduesinsoil,water,air,fruitsandvegetables,andwholeanimals.
permissible exposure limit (PEL).Thepermittedmaximumexposuretoanairbornecontaminantinan8-hourworkday.
person.anindividual,partnership,association,corporation,businessentity,ororganizedgroupof
122 • GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY • 123
persons,whetherincorporatedornot.
personal protective equipment (PPE).apparelanddevicesworntominimizehumanbodycontactwithpesticidesorpesticideresiduesthatmustbeprovidedbyanemployerandareseparatefrom,orinadditionto,workclothing.PPEmayincludechemical-resistantsuits,chemical-resistantgloves,chemical-resistantfootwear,respiratoryprotectiondevices,chemical-resistantaprons,chemical-resistantheadgear,pro-tectiveeyewear,oracoverall(one-ortwo-piecegarment).
pest control business.anypersonwhoadvertises,solicits,oroperatesasapestcontrolbusiness.Theactivitiesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:• groundandaerialapplications• farmmanagementcompanies
whentheirservicesincludepestcontrol,and
• packinghouses,shippers,storagefacilities,householdorindustrialsanitationservices.
ThereshallbeatleastonepersoninasupervisorypositionwhoholdsaQALateachprincipalandbranchlocation.
maintenance gardener pest control business.anypersonwhoperformspestcontrolforhireincidentaltohisorherbusinessofmaintenancegardening.Theincidentalpestcontrolislimitedtoornamentalandturfplantingsindoors,incommercialparks,orsurroundingstructures.
pest control dealer.anyperson,in-cludinganymanufacturer,distribu-tor,orretailer,whoengagesinanyofthefollowingbusinessactivities:• sellingpesticidestousersfor
anagriculturaluse
• sellingtousersanymethodordeviceforthecontrolofagricul-turalpests,suchasbiologicalagents,lures,orinsect-trappingdevices
• solicitingsalesofpesticidesbymakingagriculturaluserecom-mendationsthroughfieldrepre-sentatives,orotheragents,and
• sellingtoauserapesticideclassifiedasarestrictedmaterialthatrequireseitherapermitforpossessionanduseorthatmaybeusedonlybyorunderthedirectsupervisionofacertifiedapplicator.
pest management guides.guidespreparedbyDPRandtheUniver-sityofCaliforniathatincludepestmanagementinformationonspecificcropsandthathavebeenadoptedasastandardbythedirector.
pesticide.asdefinedandregulatedintheFoodandAgriculturalCode,any• substanceormixtureofsub-
stances,includingtheirmixturesanddilutionsconsideredtobeapesticideand
• anyothersubstanceorproductthatapersonusesforthepur-posesintendedforapesticide
pesticide broker. anypersoninoroutsideofCaliforniaengagedinthesaleordistributionofanypesticideproductsinCalifornia.Apesticidebrokerlicensemustbeissuedforeachprincipalandbranchlocation.Thislicensedoesnotapplytopeoplewhosellagriculturaluse,restricteduseorrestrictedmaterialpesticidestotheenduser.Thesaleofagriculturaluse,restricteduseandrestrictedmaterialpesticidestotheenduserrequiresthesellertoobtainapestcontroldealerlicense.
pesticide residue. theremnantofapesticideordegradationproductthatcanbefoundonorinacroporcommodityafteranapplica-tion,orfromotherexposuretothepesticidechemical.Residuesareusuallyexpressedinpartspermillion(ppm)orinpartsperbillion(ppb)onaweightbasis.
Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS).aseriesofleafletsproducedbyDPRthatsummarizehealthandsafetyaspectsofvariouspesticidesandgroupsofpesticides.
pre-harvest interval.aperiodoftimeafteranapplicationofapesticidetoacrop,duringwhichharvestisprohibitedsothecropwillmeettheestablishedpesticideresiduetolerance.
principal location.anylocationdesignatedastheprincipallocationbytheapplicantforapesticidedealeroragriculturalpestcontrolbusinesstocarryoutlicensedactivitiesinCalifornia.
private applicator.(a)apersonwhousesorsupervisestheuseofapesticideforthepurposeofpro-ducinganagriculturalcommodityonpropertyowned,leased,orrentedbyhimorher,orhisorheremployer;or(b)ahouseholderwhousesorsupervisestheuseofapesticideoutsidetheconfinesofaresidentialdwelling,forthepur-poseofcontrollingornamental,plant,orturfpestsonresidentialpropertyowned,leased,orrentedbythathouseholder.
producing an agricultural commod-ity.thegrowingofacrop,includ-ingharvesting,uptothepointwherefurtherpesticideapplicationswouldbeconsideredindustrialuse,suchaspackinghouseapplicationsorfumigationsatthepacker/shipperfacility.
protective clothing.clothingthatminimizeshumanbodycontactwithapesticideandisseparatefromorinadditiontonormalwearingapparel.Protectivecloth-ingmayincludeworkclothing,chemicalresistantboots,gloves,ahat,andachemical-resistantapron.
Qualified Applicator Certificate holder.apersonwhohasquali-fiedbyexaminationinoneormorepestcontrolcategoriestouseandsupervisetheuseofrestrictedmaterials.However,suchqualifica-tionshallnotentitletheholdertosupervisetheoperationsofapestcontrolbusinesslicensedpursuanttosection11701oftheCaliforniaFoodandAgriculturalCode,ex-ceptasprovidedinsection11704.
Qualified Applicator License holder.apersonwhohasqualifiedbyexaminationinoneormorepestcontrolcategoriestouseandsupervisetheuseofrestrictedmaterials,andtosupervisethepestcontrolactivitiesofapestcontrolbusinesslicensedpursuanttosec-tions11701to11709,inclusive,oftheCaliforniaFoodandAgricul-turalCode,andwhoisresponsibleforsafeandlegaloperationsundersuchlicense.
recommendation. thegivingofanyinstructionoradviceonanyagriculturaluseastoanyparticularapplicationonanyparticularpieceofproperty.
registrant.apersonwhohasreg-isteredapesticidebyobtainingacertificateofregistrationfromDPR.
regularly handle.iswhenanem-ployeeishandlingpesticidesdur-inganypartofthedayformorethansixcalendardaysinany30consecutivedayqualifyingperiod
124 • GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY • 125
beginningonthefirstdayofhandling.Anydayspentmixingorloadingpesticideswhileexclusive-lyusingaclosedsystemormixingonlypesticidessealedinwater-solublepacketsisnotincludedforanyemployeewhohasabaselinebloodcholinesteraselevelestab-lishedpursuanttorequirementsin3CCR.
regulations.adoptedbyDPRafterapubliccommentperiodandahearing,approvalbytheOfficeofAdministrativeLaw,andfiledwiththeSecretaryofState.Regulationsaredesignedtointerpretandcarryoutthepurposesofalaw,andarefoundinTitle3,CaliforniaCodeofRegulations.CountyAgriculturalCommissionersmayadoptregula-tionsgoverninglocalpestcontroloperations.Thesecountyregula-tionsmustbeapprovedbyDPRbeforetheybecomeeffective.
restricted-entry interval (REI).Theperiodoftimeafterafieldistreat-edwithapesticideduringwhichrestrictionsonentryareineffecttoprotectpeoplefrompotentialexposuretohazardouslevelsofresidues.Arestricted-entryintervalmaybefoundonpesticideproductlabelsorinregulation.
Section 3.asectionofthelawinFIFRAgoverningtheregistrationofpesticides.
Section 18.asectionoflawinFIFRAthatallowsemergencyexemptionregistrations.Pesticidesregisteredundersection18areconsideredtobearestrictedmaterial.
Section 24.asectionoflawinFIFRAthatallowsstatescertainlimitedauthoritieswhenregisteringpesticidesthatholdafederalregistration.
service container.anycontainerother
thantheoriginallabeledpesticidecontainerthatisusedtohold,store,ortransportpesticides.
site specific.apesticidepermitthatidentifiesthespecificareatobetreated,thesizeofthatarea,andthecommodityorcommoditiesorsite(s)onthatareatobetreated.
solicits services or sales.inaccor-dancewiththeCaliforniaFoodandAgriculturalCode,meanssells,oroffersforsale,anypesti-cide,method,ordeviceoutsideofafixedplaceofbusiness.
spray adjuvant.anysubstance,withorwithouttoxicpropertiesofitsown,thatisintendedtobeaddedtoapesticideduringmixingasanaidtotheapplicationortoeffecttheactionofthepesticide.Thesesubstancesincludeany:• wettingagent• spreadingagent• depositbuilder• adhesive• emulsifyingagent• deflocculatingagent• watermodifier,and• anyothersimilaragent.
structural use.apesticideuseonorinastructurethatrequiresalicenseunderChapter14(commencingwithsection8500),Division3oftheBusinessandProfessionsCode.
substantial drift.whenthequantityofpesticideoutsideoftheareatreatedisgreaterthanthatwhichwouldhaveresultedhadtheappli-catorusedduecare.ThisdefinitionisinaccordancewiththeCalifor-niaFoodandAgriculturalCodeandTitle3,CaliforniaCodeofRegulations.
time-specific.apesticidepermitthatspecifiesthedatetheintendedapplicationistocommenceorapermitwithanoticeofintent
requirement.Thepesticideusemaycommencewithinfourdaysfollowingsuchdateifdelaysarecausedbyuncontrollablecondi-tionssuchasadverseweatherorunavailabilityofequipment.Thecommissionershallrequireanoticeofintentfromeitherthegrower,thegrower’sauthorizedrepresentative,orthepestcontrolbusinesswhennecessarytomakethepermittime-andsite-specific.
tolerance.theestablishedamountofapesticideinpartspermillionorpartsperbillion,thatmaylegallyremaininoronanyfoodorcropiftheyaretobeconsumedbypeopleorlivestock.TolerancesareestablishedbytheU.S.Environ-mentalProtectionAgency.
treated field.afieldthathasbeentreatedwithapesticideorhadarestricted-entryintervalineffectwithinthelast30days.Atreatedfieldincludesassociatedroads,paths,ditches,borders,andheadlands,ifthepesticidewasalsodirectedtothoseareas.Atreatedfielddoesnotincludeareasinadvertentlycontaminatedbydriftorover-spray.
use.anypesticideactivityorrelatedactivityincluding:• pre-applicationactivities,
suchas:o arrangingforthe
applicationo mixingorloading,
ando makingnecessaryprepara-
tionsfortheapplication,includingresponsibilitiesrelatedtonotification,handlertraining,deconta-minationfacilities,useandcareofpersonalprotectiveequipment,medicalmonitor-ingandassistance,andheatstressmanagement
• applicationofthepesticide,and• post-applicationactivities,
suchas:o controlofthetreatedareato
reduceexposure,includingresponsibilitiesforrestrictedentryintervals,warnings,decontaminationfacilities,medicalassistance,andfield-workertraining
o managementofthetreatedarea,crop,orcropby-prod-ucts,includingresponsibili-tiesforpre-harvestintervalsandplantbackrestrictions
o transportation,storage,anddisposalofexcesspesti-cides,spraymix,equipmentwashwater,andpesticidecontainers,and
o cleaningofapplicationequipmentandotherpesti-cidecontainingmaterials.
• usedoesnotinclude:o activitieswhereinvolvement
isonlyincidentaltoothertaskssuchasemergencyresponders
o providingincidentmanagement,commercialtransportationofpesticiderelatedwastefordisposalorrecycling,orawastedisposalorrecyclingfacilityacceptingorhandlingthesewastes,and
o manufacturing,formulating,orpackaging,includingbulkrepackagingbyaregisteredpesticideproducingestablishment.
use dilution.ausedilutionspeci-fiedonthelabelthatproducesthedesiredconcentrationofthepesticideforapplication.
work clothing.garmentssuchaslong-sleevedshirts,short-sleevedshirts,longpants,shortpants,shoes,andsocks.Workclothingisnotconsideredpersonal
126 • GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY • 127
protectiveequipment,althoughpesticideproductlabelsorregula-tionsmayrequirespecificworkclothingduringsomeactivities.Workclothingdiffersfromandshouldnotbeconfusedwithacoverall.Whilecoverallsmustbeprovidedbytheemployer,workclothingcanberequiredtobeprovidedbytheemployee.Short-sleevedshirtsandshortpants
areconsideredacceptableworkclothingonlyunderconditionsexpresslypermittedbypesticideproductlabels.
work place.theidentityoftheworkarea,e.g.,thebusinessoperationoremployer’sheadquarters.
work site.thelocationoftheworkactivity,e.g.,themixingandload-ingsite,thefield,etc.
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