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Bureau of Mines Repor t o f lnv est igat ions/ l987
Accurate Directional Borehole Dr
A Case
Study
at Navajo Dam
New Mexico
By S. J. Kravi ts A. Sainato and G. L. Finfinger
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Report of Investigations 9102
Accurate Directional Borehole Drilling:
A Case Study at Navajo Dam
New Mexico
By S.
J.
Kravits
A
Sainato and
G
L
Finfinger
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Library of ongress ataloging
in
Publ ication Data
Kravits, S.
J.
Stephen
J.
Accu rate directional borehole drilling.
Re por t of investigations
;
9102)
Bibliography: p.
18
Sup t. of Docs. no.: 1 28.23: 9102.
1. Directional drilling -New Mexico -Navajo Dam. I. Sain ato, Albert. 11. Finfing er,
Gerald L. 111 Title. IV. Series: Repo rt of investigatio ns United St ate s. Bureau of Mines) ;
9102.
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CONTENTS
A b s t r a c t
...............................................................
I n t r o d u c t i o n
...........................................................
Acknowledgments
T es t s i t e
D r i l l i n g e qu ip m en t
H yd ra ul ic d r i l l
I n ho le motor
B or eh ol e t r a j e c t o r y c o n t r o l d e v i c e s
Surveyin g equipment and proc edu res
S i n g l e s h o t s u r v e y i n s t r u m e n t
S u r ve y i ng a c c u r a c y
P l a n n i n g t h e b o r e ho l e
D i r e c t i o n a l d r i l l i n g t h e d e m o ns t ra t io n b o re h ol e
E f f ec t i ve n e ss i n c o n t r o l l i n g b or eh ol e t r a j e c t o r y
B o re h ol e pu nc ho ut a nd i n v e s t i g a t i n g e r r o r i n a zi mu t h
Conc lus ions
R e f e r e nc e s
Appendix . Dr il l and bore hol e surv ey log^ ^
ILLUSTRATIONS
Nav ajo Dam lo c a t i o n map
Navajo Dam r i g h t a butmen t
N av aj o Dam d e m o n s t r a t i o n b o r e h o l e d r i l l s i t e
H y dr au l ic d r i l l a nd c o n t r o l p a n e l
In ho le motor sche mat i c
I n ho l e m ot o r op e r a t i n g pa r a m e t e r s
P o l y c r y s t a l l i n e diamond c u t t e r b i t s
In ho le motor equipped w i th a 2O be n t hous i ng
S i d e f o r c e d i ag r am
V ar io us t o o l f a c e s e t t i n g s an d t h e i r e f f e c t s on b or eh ol e t r a j e c t o r
S i n g le s h o t d i r e c t i o n a l s u r ve y i n st r u me n t
Reading deve loped survey
f i l m d i s k
Survey hardware
Non magn etic d r i l l c o l l a r a n d comp ass s p a c i n g s e l e c t i o n c h a r t
V e r t i c a l s e c t i o n o f p l a n n ed d e m o n s t r a t i o n b o r e h ol e
ap v iew of p lanned de mon s t r a t ion bore hole
V e r t i c a l s e c t i o n of d e m o ns t r at i o n b o re h o l e a
P l a n v i ew o f de m ons t r a t i on bo r e ho l e
Var ious ben t hous in gs
Borehol e punchout
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UNIT OF ME SURE BBREVI TIONS USED
EMU e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c u n i t I b f
f f o o t m n
f t 0 l b f f o o t pound f o r c e ) n
g a l / m in g a l l o n p e r m in ut e p s i
hp horsepower ~ s i g
i n i n c h r /m in
i n / m i n i n c h p e r m i nu t e V a c
IN THIS REPORT
pound force
minute
n a n o t e s l a
pound per squ are
pound per s qua re
r e v o l u t i o n p e r m i
v o l t , a l t e r n a t i n g
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ACCURATE DIRECTIONAL B OREH OLE D RILLING: A CASE
NAVAJO DAM, NEW MEXICO
By
S.
J.
Kravits, A. S a i n a t ~ , ~nd
G
L. Finfinger3
ABSTRACT
T hi s r e p o r t de s c r i b e s a p r o j e c t c onduc t ed by t h e B ur ea u of
w hi ch t h e a c c u r a t e d i r e c t i o n a l d r i l l i n g of a b o re h o le was d e m
w i t h t h e o b j e c t i v e o f i n t e r c e p t i n g a d e s i g n a t e d t a r g e t . The p r o
conduc ted a t Nava jo Dam i n no r t he rn New Mexico a t t h e r e qu es t o f
r e a u of R ec la m at i on . B o re h o le s u r v e y a n d d r i l l l o g s a r e p r o v i d
appendix .
The t r a j e c t o r y o f t h e d e m o ns t r a ti o n b o r e ho l e was d e s i gn e d t o i
a 5 - f t -r a d i u s t a r g e t a t t h e f i n a l o r p un ch ou t d i s t a n c e of 88 5
e l e v a t i o n of t h e b o re ho l e a t t h i s d i s t a n c e was w i t h i n t h e t a r
b o r e h o l e p un ch ou t c o o r d i n a t e s w er e 8 .8 1 f t s o u t h w es t o f t h e t a r
a r e s u l t of t h e de m ons t r a t e d a c c u r a c y , t h e B ur ea u o f R e c l a m
c o n t r a c t e d t h e a c c u r a t e d r i l l i n g of b o re h o le s a s l o n g a s 60 0 f t
i n s i d e of a s h o r t t u n n e l , t o c o n t r o l w a t e r s ee p ag e i n t h e r i g
ment. T h i s r e s u l t e d i n a s u b s t a n t i a l c o s t s a v i n g s compared t o t
i n a l p l a n of c o n s t r u c t i n g a l o n g e r t u n n e l an d d r i l l i n g 1 50 -f t b o
i n i n g n g i n e e r .
2 ~ i n i n g n gi n ee r i n g t ec hn ic ia n .
3 ~ u p e r v i s o r yg e o l o g i s t .
P i t t s b u r g h R e se a rc h C e n t e r , B ur ea u
of
M i n e s , P i t t s b u r g h ,
PA.
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INTRODUCTION
The Bureau of Re cl am at io n, U.S. Dep art -
ment of th e I n te r io r , reques ted th e Bu-
re au of Mines , through In ter age ncy Agree-
ment No. 1409-0070-1212, t o de mo ns tr at e
t h e a cc u ra cy of d i r e c t i o n a l d r i l l i n g a
n e a r - ho r i z o nt a l b or e ho le t o i n t e r c e p t a
des ig nat ed ta rg et . The Bureau of Recla-
m a t i o n ' s o b j e c t i v e was t o d e t e rm in e
t h e f e a s i b i l i t y of u s in g a c c u r a te l y
d r i l l e d b or eh ol es t o c o n t r o l w a t er se ep -
age th rough open jo in t s i n bedrock foun-
d a t i o n s of embankment dams.
The Bureau of Mines has re se ar ch ed and
d em on st ra te d a c c u r a t e d i r e c t i o n a l d r i l l -
i n g a s p a r t of
i t s
methane c on tr ol pro-
g ram (1 -3 ) .4 In 1979, a d i re c t io na l
s u r f a c e b o re h ol e was d r i l l e d u s i n g a n
in-hol e motor5 t o a measured depth of
1 ,5 95 f t , m a i n t a in i n g a n
100 f t and coming w i t h i n
c e p t i n g t h e P i t t s b u r g h C
below th e su r fac e . F ive h
an e d ra i n ag e b o reh ol e s w
f ro m t h e s u r f ace b o reho l e ,
f t .
The Bureau has a l so dem
i n g a cc ur ac y i n d r i l l i n g
methane drai nag e boreholes
co al mines . Methane dra i
h av e b ee n d r i l l e d t o d e p t h
2,000 f t , m a in t ai n in g v e
t r a j e c t o r y w i t h i n t h e c o
mately 6 f t ) w hi le c o n t r o
t r a j e c t o r y a s d e s i re d t o
ce pt ion by fu t ur e mining (
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The coo per at i on of t he Bureau of Recla- Navajo Dam maintenance s
m a ti on w as c r i t i c a l i n t h e s u c c e s s f u l c o nt i nu e d s u p p or t and a s s
co m p l et i o n of t h i s p ro j ec t . The au t h o r s t h i s p r o j ec t . The au t h o
wish t o thank Hunter
C
Ha rr el , geolo- Ed
J.
Bly the ,
J r .
wel l
g i s t , Eng ineer ing and Research Cen ter , nee r , NL Sperry-Sun, Ros
Denver,
CO;
William
C
E h l e r , g e o l o g i s t , t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e p ro vi
Durango (CO) P ro je ct s Of fi ce ; Leonard in g sur veyi ng accuracy.
T r u j i l l o , Navajo Dam supe r in t end en t ; and
TEST SITE
Navajo Dam
i s
a zoned embankment struc-
t u r e i n nor th er n New Mexico, 39 mil es
e a s t o f Farmington , NM and about 35
mi le s so ut he as t of Durango,
CO
( f i g . 1 ) .
I t
i s
o ne of t h e k ey s t ru c t u r e s o f t h e
C o lo rado R iv e r S t o rag e P r o j ec t , r egu -
l a t i n g t h e f l o ws of t h e San J u an R i v e r
and p ro v i d i n g s t o r ag e f o r Nav aj o In d i an
I r r i g a t i o n P r o j ec t . I t a l s o p r o v i d e s
a f a c i l i t y f o r r e c r e a t i o n and f i s h and
cons t ru c te d f rom 1958 t o 1
i ma te ly 400 f t i n s t r u
3,600 f t i n c r e s t l e ng t h,
w i dt h , a nd 2, 50 0 f t i n max
6).
he r i g h t abutment
ch os en fo r t h e l o ac t i o n of
t i on boreho le , wi th des
o c c u r r i n g n e a r t h e t o p o
(figs . 2-3) .
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DRILLING EQUIPMENT
Diamant ~ o a r t ~
BH
70 0 h y d ra u l i c co re
d r i l l and a 2-7/8-in-OD high -tor que, non-
magnetic in-h ole motor manufa ctured by
S l i m d r i l , I n c. , we re u se d t o d r i l l t h e
bore hole . The in- hol e motor was equipped
w it h a ben t ho us in g and two 3-1/2-in-OD
p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e diamond c u t t e r b i t s ( u se d
se pa ra te ly ) , one manufac tured by Longyear
and one by S l i md r i l , Inc.
~ e f r e nc e t o s p e c i f i c e qu ip me nt d o es
n o t i m p l y e n d o r s em e n t by t h e B ur e au o f
Mines.
K e y
mop
COLORADO
MEXICO
LEGEND
@ U. S. highway
State highway
npaved road
State boundary
County boundary
Townorc i ty
HYDRAULIC DRIL
The main components o
Boar t DBH 700 u n i t a r e t h
co n t ro l p an e l , and power u
To d r i l l t h e d e m on s t ra t i on
d r i l l was p o s i t i o n e d h o r
power uni t s equ ipped wi th
r a d i a l p i s t o n pumps, o ne f
one f o r ro ta t i on , bo th pow
g l e 40-hp, 440-V a c e l e c t r
IN-HOLE MOTOR
The 2-7/8-in-OD hi gh -t or q
t o r
i s
a p o s i t i v e -d i sp l acem
motor t h a t r o t a t e s t h e d r
r o t a t i n g t h e d r i l l s t r i n g .
motor conv er t s th e hyd ra
g e n er a t e d by t h e f l ow of
f l u i d (w a t e r) u nd er p r e s s u
a nd i n t o t h e r o t a t i o n a l s p e
c a l power t h a t d r i v e s t h e
The components of t h e hig
a r e i d e n t i f i e d i n f i g u r e 5.
When d r i l l i n g f l u i d s p
t h e d r i l l s t r i n g and t h e in
r a t e s of 30 t o 70 g al /m in a
p r e s s u r e s of 250 t o 625 p s i
s t a i n l e s s s t e e l r o t o r r o t a t
rubb er molded s t a t o r . The
d r i l o p e r a t i n g p a ra m et e rs
f i g u r e 6 ; t h e a c t u a l p a ra
a r e l i s t e d i n t a b l e A-1 ( a
t a t i o n o f t h e d r i v e s h a f
w i t h i n t h e b e a r i n g p ac ka
m i t t ed by t h e f l ex -co u p l i n
t h e e c c e n t r i c r o t a r y m ot io n
c a l r o t o r t o c o n c e n t r i c
d r i v e s u b s c on ne ct ed t o t
and s t h e o n l y ro t a t i n g e
n e n t o f t h e i n - ho l e motor.
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FIGUR E 2. Navajo Dam right abutm ent.
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FIGURE
4.-A
Hydraulic drill;
8
control panel. Power unit not shown.
Bearing package
NQ
rod
Crossover sub
box thread
ot to
scale
FIGURE 5.-In-hole motor schematic. Stator rotor and exterior nousing are nonmagnetic. Bearing p
are magnetic.
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MOTOR PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL psi
FIGU RE 6.-In-hole motor operating parameters. Water sup-
plied to in-hole motor under pressure by two triple-piston
pumps.
cale n
FIGU RE 7.-Polycrystalline diamond cutter bits.
While d r i l l i n g , t h e r e s continuous FIGURE 8.-In-hole motor equipped w
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Side force
(at 0 )
Tool face at 180
( low s~de )
force exerte d on b
( react ion of s~deorce
tool face at
80°
Side force
( a t 0 )
Tool face at
180°
( low s~de)
Dlrect~on f fo
on b ~ t
esultin
drop of hole
FIGURE
9.-Side force diagram. Above in-hole motor equipped with bent housing; belo
schematic.
D ef l ec t i o n r a t e s p e r t a i n i n g t o known
d e f l ec t i o n r a t e s would b
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Maximum build in
inclination
5. Left Right
Maximum
and hold
5O
ight
5
Maxim
and
Maximum drop in
inclination
FIG URE 10.-Various tool face settings and their effec ts on borehole trajectory. Black arrow depicts t
right, which would result n borehole trajectory building inclination and azimuth turning right (east).
o b s er v i ng t h e c ha ng e i n i n c l i n a t i o n and
az im u th f rom the p rev ious t o t he cu r re n t
bor eho le survey depth. For example, re-
f e r r i n g t o t he t h i r d page of t ab l e A-2,
t h e v e r t i c a l and h o r i z o n t a l d e f l e c t i o n
r a te s observed f rom survey depths 449 t o
459 f t were 0 .09 / f t (0.9 dur in g 10-ft
i n t e r v a l ) a nd 0 . 19 / f t ( e a s t i s
posi-
t i v e ) , r e sp e c ti v el y . t o o l f a c e s e t t i n g
of 60 t o 80 r i gh t was appl ie d us ing a
2 ben t housing wh i l e d r i l l i n g f rom 445
t o 475 f t . When t h e sur vey was conducted
a t 459 f t , t he b i t dep th was 475 f t . To
p r o j e ct t h e i n c l i n a t i o n a t th e b i t d ep th
of 475
i t t h e e s t a b l i s h e d v e r t i c a l de-
adding the az imuth survey
340.0 . The proj ect ed i
a zim ut h a t 475 f t were c l
t u a l r e s u l t s sur ve ye d l
( ta b l e A-2). Angle aver ag
surveying ca lc u la t io n meth
c a l c u l a t e p r o j e c te d c o o r d
v at io n a t t h e b i t
2,
6
d e f l e ct i o n r a t e s p e rt a in i
s e t t i n gs and ben t housing
v id ed l a t e r i n t h e t e x t.
Tool fac e d i re c t io ns
t u r n in g t h e d r i l l s t r i n g
p ipe wrenches t o a pos i t
l e f t o r r i g h t fr om t h e c
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SURVEYING EQUIPMENT ND PROCEDURES
SINGLE-SHOT SURVEY INSTRUMENT
An N Sperry-Sun type
B
120° magnetic
d i r e c t i o n a l s i n g l e - s h o t s u rv ey i n s tru men t
was used dur ing d r i l l i n g t o moni tor bore-
h o l e i n c l i n a t i o n , b e a r in g , and t o o l f a c e
d i r e c t i o n f i g .
11 .
The e s s e n t i a l e l e -
ments o f th e su rvey ins t rument a r e
t h e compass, i n c l i n a t i o n u n i t , b a t t e r i e s
and f i l m loadin g mechanism, le ns and
lamp hol de r, and mecha nical t i m e r t h a t
c o n t r o l s t h e e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t s and il
l u mi n a t e s t h e comp ass - in c li n at io n u n i t a t
a p r e s e t t im e t o r e c o r d t h e p e r t i n e n t
d a t a on a f i l m d i s k 7) .
To conduct a sur vey,
t im er of th e su rvey ins t ru
the ins t rument
i s
loade
disk . The loaded survey
p l a c e d i n i t s p ro t ec t i
i n s e r t e d i n th e h ol lo w d
pumped wi th water t o t he
in-hole motor, where i t a
o r i e n t i n g s ub . The f i l m d
a t a p r e s e t t im e , a f t e r w
ment i s r e t r i e v e d by a w
t o t h e p r o t e c t i v e c as in g.
ins t rument i s removed from
c a s i ng , a nd t h e f i l m d
developed, and rea d fi g.
FIGURE 11. Single shot directional survey instrument.
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BEARING FROM MAGNETIC
NORTH OR SOUTH, deg
Uncorrected fo r decl nat on)
ing
IGURE 14.-Nonmagnetic dril l collar and compass spac-
selection chart.
b i t . A lth oug h t h i s s p a c in
th an th e e s t ima ted compass
i n g t h e compass c l o s e r t
h an ce d t h e a cc u r a y i n p r o j
r e n t p o s i t i o n of t h e b i t
p o s i t i o n .
Two r e l a t e d f a c t o r s t h a
h o l e s u r v e y in g a c c ur a c y
f r eq u e nc y an d t h e s u r v e y
t e c h n i q u e u se d t o d e t e r m in
o r d i n a t e s a nd e l e v a t i o n .
a c ce p te d t h a t r e g a r d l e s s
t e c h n iq u e a p p l i e d , s h o r t s
w i l l
r e s u l t i n i n c r ea s e d
Boreho le su rve ys were cond
d r i l l i n g i n t e r v a l s a t Nav a
d o ze n o r s o s u r v e y in g c a
n i q u e s a v a i l a b l e , b al an c
ra d i us o f cu rv a tu re , min
a nd a n g l e a v e r a gi n g a r e
c e p t e d a s p r o v i d in g s i m i l
a b l e r e s u l t s ( 1 0) . r a d i
p ro gr am a d a p t e r f o r a He w
c a l c u l a t o r was u s ed t o c a l
c o o r d i n a t e s a nd e l e v a t i o n .
i n g was u s ed p e r i o d i c a l l
r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e r e s u l t
PLANNING THE BOREHOLE
The b o r e h o le s t a r t i n g c o o r d i n a t e s w er e
N 19,567.69,
E
5 2, 69 7. 69 ; e l e v a t i o n a t
t h e c o l l a r was 5 , 93 3 .5 3 f t . The d e s i g -
n a t e d p un ch ou t was t o o c c u r w i t h i n a
5 - f t r a d i u s of N 20,447.31, E 52,709.41
a t a n e l e v a t i o n of 6 , 04 9. 03 f t ( f i g s . 15-
16) . The lo ca t i on of th e boreh o le was
d e te r m in e d a f t e r c o n s i d e r i n g t h e g eo l og y
o f t h e r i g h t a b ut me nt an d t h e c o n s t r a i n t s
t h a t s p e c i f i c g e o l o gi c f e a t u r e s would i m
pose on th e p lacement o f th e boreho le .
The ab ut me nt i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e b or e-
h o l e c o n s i s t s p r ed o m in a n tl y o f c o a r se - to -
medium-grained sands tone wi th in t e r bed ded
s h a l e a nd s i l t s t o n e ( f i g . 1 5) . The s an d-
a nd h o r i z o n t a l j o i n t s .
t h e e x a c t l o c a t i o n s of t h
n o t b e d e te r mi n ed b e c au s
c o v er , and t h u s t h e b o r e
c o u ld n o t be p la nn e d t o a
in g them. However, th e bo
s i g ne d t o a v oi d i n t e r c e p
f i l l e d j o i n t shown i n
e l e v a t i o n a t t h e b ot to m
f i l l e d j o i n t was e s t i ma t
f t , o r ab ou t 16.5 f t above
t h e b o r eh o le . To p r e v e n t
t h e j o i n t , t h e f i r s t 2 50 f
s t r a t i o n b o r eh o le was t o b
i n g b or e ho l e e l e v a t i o n n e a
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o r d e r t o i n t e r c e p t t h e t a r g e t e le va - s t r a i g h t - l i n e c o l l a r t o
t i o n . W hi le m a i n t ai n i n g d e s i r e d v e r t i - t o r y h a vi n g a b e a r i n g o f
c a l t r a j ec t o ry a s m ent io ned, an a t t em p t was ca l c u l a t ed and ap p e
was t o be made t o mai nta in dep ar tur e t a bl e A-2. This inf orm
w i t h i n 2 f t e a s t o r w es t f ro m t h e p la nn ed u se d c on ti nu ou sl y d u r i n
s t r a i g h t - l i n e c o l l a r t o p un ch ou t t r a j e c - m on it or d e v i a t i o n f r om t h
t o ry ( f i g . 1 6 ). The d ep a r t u re of t h e h o l e d ep a r t u re .
DIRECTIONAL DR IL L ING T HE DEMONSTRATION BOREHOLE
Sev era l ben t hous ings were used to
d r i l l t h e d e m on s tr a ti o n b o re h ol e ; t h e 2
b e n t h o us i ng was t h e most e f f e c t i v e i n
c o n t r o l l i n g v e r t i c a l and h o r i z o n t a l t r a -
j e c t o r i e s ( f i g . 8 ) . B ef or e d i s c u s s i n g
t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s of t h e b e n t h o u s in g s ,
t h e d r i l l i n g of t h e b or e ho le 's v e r t i c a l
and ho r i z o n t a l t r a j e c t o r i e s
s
b r i e f l y
d es c r i b ed .
The f i r s t 250 f t o f t h e b o re h ol e w er e
d r i l l e d m a in t ai n in g e l e v a t i o n n e a r t h e
c o l l a r e l e v a t i o n a s p la nn ed ( f i g . 1 7) .
D r i l l i n g c o nt i nu e d t o a d e pt h o f 495 f t
w i t h o u t d e v e l o p in g t h e n e c e s s ar y i n c r e a s e
i n v e r t i c a l b or e ho le t r a j e c t o r y . Conse-
q u en t l y , t h e b o reh o l e was aband on ed i n
o r d e r t o s t a r t a new b o re h ol e w i t h i n t h e
i n i t i a l b or e ho le a t a d ep th of 289 f t .
A f t e r t h e new b o r e h o le was s t a r t e d a t 2 89
f t , d r i l l i n g c o nt i nu e d t o b or e ho le com-
p l e t i o n a t 885 f t , m a in ta in in g d e s i r e d
v e r t i c a l t r a j ec t o ry .
H o r i z on t a l b o re h ol e t r
t h e f i r s t 250 f t of t h
m a i n t a in ed t o w i t h i n 2.5
s i r e d depar tu re . (Tab le
ac t u a l b o reh ol e s u rv ey
b o reh o l e d ep a r t u re s . A
t i nu e d from 250 f t t o 49
b o re h ol e t r a j e c t o r y d e v i a
s i r e d course . Af te r th e n
s t a r t e d a t 289 f t , h o r i z
of th e new boreh ole was m
t o t h e d e s i r e d c o u r se t o b
t i o n , a c c o r di n g t o b or e h o
18).
EFFECTIVENESS
N
CO
BOREHOLE TRAJECT
The 112 ben t housi ng w
t o d r i l l t he i n i t i a l bo reh
of 455 f
t
(f ig . 19). Alt
s i r e d v e r t i c a l and h o r i z
1301 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I 1 1 1 1
I I I I
1 1 1 1
1 2 0
110
l o o -
90
I
80
70
0
6 0 -
KEY
Surveyed elevation station
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- 4 - 1 I
I
-2
Actualpuncho
bo
10-
12-
LATITUDE, f
t
FIGURE
18.-Plan view of demonstrat ion borehole. Abandoned borehole from 279 to 495 ft not shown. B
tracked borehole began at 289 ft, init ial borehole resurveyed from 89 to 279 ft a t 30-ft intervals as shown.
FIGURE
19.-Various bent housings. Top to bottom: 2 bent housing on in-hole motor, slip-on shoe,
o
e
112 bent housing with pad.
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TABLE 1.
-
M ea su re d d e f l e c t i o n r a t e s u s i n g 2 b e n t h o u s i n
d e g r ee s p e r f o o t
To ol f a c e s e t t i n g
R i g h t :
20 t o 40°. . . ..
40 t o 60°. . .. .
60 t o 80°. . .. .
80 t o 100° .. . .
100 t o 120° . ..
120 t o 140° . ..
140 t o 160° . ..
L e f t :
0 0
t o
20
o ~
40 t o 60°. .. . .
60 t o 80° . .. . .
80 t o 100° .. . .
100 t o 120°. . .
120 t o 140° .. .
140 t o 160°. . .
NAp Not a p p l i c
Change i n i n c l i n a t i o n
( v e r t i c a l )
Range
Change i n bea r
( h o r i z o n t a l )
Average
- 0 0 3 t o + .09
- 0 0 1 t o + .0 6
- 0 1 2 t o + .0 6
- 0 1 2 t o + .0 4
NAp
-.0 7 t o - 0 2 0
NAp
Range Av
- 0 0 3
. 05
- 0 0 2
- 0 0 4
- 0 1 3
- 0 1 2
. 6
.30L- .11R
.52L-
.OOR
m4OL- .02L
m13L- .59L
NAP
m53L- 00 1R
NAp
ble .
+
I n c r e a s e ( b u i l d u p )
-
d e c r e a s e ( d r o p ) .
R
R i gh t ( e a s t ) ; L L e f t ( w e s t) .
3 ~ e f t o o l f a c e s e t t i n g s w er e a p p l i e d f ro m 805- t o 8
b o re h ol e d ep th . D ur in g t h a t d r i l l i n g i n t e r v a l , t h e n e c e
b i t t h r u s t of > 7 , 0 0 0 l b was n o t r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . C
q u e n t l y , d r i l l i n g p e n e t r a t i o n r a t e s and d e f l e c t i o n m ag n
d e c r e a se d .
t o be a t e l e v a t i o n 6 ,0 47 .1 4 f t 1.89 f
t
below t h e t a r g e t c e n t e r , a nd a t c o o r di -
n a t e s
N
20,439.96, E 5 2 ,7 10 . 80 , 1.4 f t
n o r t h e a s t of t h e t a r g e t c e n t e r . The e l e -
v a t i o n e r r o r b et wee n t h e a c t u a l a nd c a l -
cu la te d punchout was 0 .39 f
t
which was
w e l l w i t h i n t h e a c c ur a c y of t h e s u r v ey
i n s t r u m e n t . The c o o r d i n a t e e r r o r b et we en
t h e a c t u a l a n d c a l c u l a t e d p u nc ho ut was
1 5. 20 f t ( f i g u r e s 1 8 a nd 2 0 ) , whi ch was
w i t h i n t h e 1 a c c ur a c y of t h e s u r v e y i n -
s t r u m e n t i n m e a s u ri n g b e ar i n g .
C
= s i n - ' ( ( F/ H )( s in (
where
C
= compass cor rec
F = n e t f o r c e s a f f
EMU,
H = ho ri zo nt a l com
e a r t h ' s m ag n
s i t y (23 ,300
a t Navajo Dam
the Na t iona l
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FIGUR
20. Borehole punchout.
where
PL
l ower po l e s t r en g th ,
es t i -
mated a t 100 EMU
PU u p p e r p o l e s t r e n g t h , e s t i -
mated a t 1 ,000 EMU
A
f i n a l punchout de par ture
was ca lc ul at ed by app lyin g
e r r o r c o r r e c t i o n t o t h e p
veyed borehole bearing s. T
s
4.61 f t c l o s e r t o t h e a
a s compared t o not applyin
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CONCLUSIONS
The demonst ra t ion boreho le was d i re c - ins t ru ment . The 2 ben t
t i o n a l l y d r i l l e d t o a f i n a l d e p th of 8 85 most e f f e c t i v e i n m a in ta i
f t , whe re p un ch ou t o c c u r r ed . F i n a l b o r e-
c o n t r o l of t h e v e r t i c a l
h o l e e l e v a t i o n was w e l l w i t h i n t h e t a r -
b o r eh o le t r a j e c t o r i e s .
g e t ; boreh o le punchout coo rd i na te s were A s a r e su l t of t h e d e
8. 81 f t s o ut hw e st of t h e t a r g e t . Bore- h o l e d r i l l i n g a c cu r a cy , t
h o l e s c an o nl y be d i r e c t i o n a l l y d r i l l e d
of c o n s t r u c t i n g a l o n g t
w i t h i n t h e a c c u r a cy of t h e b o r e h o l e su r - r i g h t a bu tm en t o f Nav aj o
vey sys t em used . The NL Sper ry-Sun typ e 150-f t boreho les f rom in
B 1 20 s i n g l e - sh o t d i r e c t i o n a l su r v e y i n - t o c o n t r o l wa t e r s e e p a g e
s t r u m e n t i s a c c u r a t e t o w i t h i n 1 b e a r i n g The B ur ea u of R e cl am a ti
a nd 0 .2 4 i n c l i n a t i o n . The b or e ho l e- c o n t r a c t e d t h e c o n s t r u c t i
s u r ve y e d p un ch ou t, r e l a t i v e t o t h e l an d - t u n n e l a nd t h e a c c u r a t e d
s u r ve y ed a c t u a l p un ch ou t, was w i t h i n t h e h o l e s a s l on g a s 600 f t ,
a c c u r ac y of t h e NL S pe rr y- Su n s u r ve y s u b s t a n t i a l c o s t s a v i n g s
REFERENCES
1. Oyler ,
D. C .
and W. P. Diamond.
D r i l l i n g a H o r i z o n t a l C o a lb ed M et ha ne
Dra inage System From a Di re c t io na l Sur -
f a c e Borehole. BuMines R I 8640, 1982,
50 PP.
2. Kr av i t s , S. J . A Sa i n t o , a n d
G. L. F in fi ng er . Comparison of Rotar y
and In -Hole Motor Techniques f o r D r i l l i n g
Ho ri zo nt a l Boreholes i n Coal. BuMines
R I 8933, 1985, 33 pp.
3. The Ad van tag es of In-Hole
Motor D ri ll in g . Coal Min., v. 21, No.
11, 1984, pp. 44-46.
4 , Eh le r ,
W.
C.
Fi na l Repor t on In -
v e s t i g a t i o n s f o r S ee pa ge C o n t r o l N av ajo
Dam. U. S. BuReclamation (Dep. I n t e r i o r ) ,
1983, 48 pp.
5. P i t t a r d , F. High Torque 2-718-in-
OD
In-Hole Motor Perfo rman ce Data. Slim-
d r i l Inc . , Houston, TX, 1984, 21 pp.
6. Amer ican Pe t ro leum I n s t i t u t e . D i -
r e c t i o n a l D r i l l i n g S ur ve y C a l c u l a t i o n
Methods and Terminology.
1985 , 31 pp.
7. NL Sperry-S un (Okla
Magnet i c Di rec t io na l S in
in g In s t r uc t io ns . 1972,
8. Wolff,
C. J.
M .
deWardt . Boreho le Po s i t
An aly sis of Measur ing Met
t i o n o f Sys tem at i c Er ro r
Te ch no l. , v. 33, 1981, pp
9 , Bly the , E. J .
Compass Spaci ng I n s id
C o l l a rs . D r i l l i n g
- DCW
pp. 44-47.
10. Fitchard, E. E.
l a t e d Boreho le Te s t s Acc
t ional Survey Methods.
v. 79, No. 26, 1 981 , pp.
11. Blythe , E. J . J r
l a s . Procedure Improves
Locat ion Technique . O i l
75, No. 18 , 1977, pp. 224
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A
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3 4 4 4 4 4
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8 8 8
N
7
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N
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B
i
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9 9
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1
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N
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4
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8
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2
3
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B
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9
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6
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9
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5
6
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6
6
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6
6
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6
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6
6
1
6
6
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