Repowering a Nation: Establishing Standards for the U.S. Smart
Grid George W. Arnold, Eng.Sc.D. National Coordinator for Smart
Grid Interoperability National Institute of Standards and
Technology U.S. Department of Commerce
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NIST Today: Mission To promote U.S. innovation and industrial
competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and
technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our
quality of life 2
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NIST At A Glance Major Assets ~ 2,900 employees ~ 2600
associates and facilities users ~ 1,600 field staff in partner
organizations ~ 400 NIST staff serving on 1,000 national and
international standards committees Major Programs NIST Laboratories
Baldrige National Quality Program Manufacturing Extension
Partnership Technology Innovation Program
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NIST main campuses Boulder, CO Gaithersburg, MD
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NIST Budget ($ in Millions) 5 Additionally, 2009 Recovery Act
provided $612 M ($350 M for construction, $262 M for research)
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U.S. Electric Grid 3100 electric utility companies 10,000 power
plants 157,000 miles of high- voltage lines 140 million meters $800
billion in assets $247 billion annual revenues 6
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Todays Electric Grid Markets and Operations Generation
Transmission Distribution Customer Use One-way flow of electricity
Centralized, bulk generation Heavy reliance on coal, natural gas
Limited automation Limited situational awareness Consumers lack
data to manage energy usage
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Why Do We Need Smart Grids? Fundamental Drivers Climate change
Energy security Lifestyle dependent on electricity Jobs Smart Grid
goals Reduce energy use overall and increase grid efficiency
Increase use of renewables (wind and solar dont produce carbon)
Support shift from oil to electric transportation Enhance
reliability and security of the electric system 8
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9 20% of capacity is needed to serve 5% of highest usage hours
PJM Real Time Load Duration Current Grid is Inherently Inefficient
Source: PJM
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Integration of Renewables Presents New Challenges due to
Variability 10 Source: PJM
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Why Electric Vehicles? Electrification of transportation could
Displace half of US oil imports Reduce CO 2 20% Reduce urban air
pollutants 40%-90% Idle capacity of the power grid could supply 70%
of energy needs of todays cars and light trucks 11
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Southern California Edison Forecasted EV Charging Load *Based
on predicted 1.6 million Evs on the SCE grid Copyright 2009
Southern California Edison 12
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What Will the Smart Grid Look Like? High use of renewables 20%
35% by 2020 Distributed generation and microgrids Net metering
selling local power into the grid Distributed storage Smart meters
that provide near-real time usage data Time of use and dynamic
pricing Ubiquitous smart appliances communicating with the grid
Energy management systems in homes as well as commercial and
industrial facilities linked to the grid Growing use of plug-in
electric vehicles Networked sensors and automated controls
throughout the grid
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Smart Grid = Green Jobs KEMA Study for GridWise Alliance
estimates: 280,000 new jobs in early deployment years 140,000 new
jobs in steady state Utilities, their contractors and supply
chain
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Smart Grid: The Enernet Graphics courtesy of EPRI 2-way flow of
electricity and information
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Energy Independence and Security Act Defines ten national
policies for the Smart Grid: 1.Use digital technology to improve
reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid
2.Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full
cyber- security 3.Integration of distributed renewable resources
4.Demand response and demand-side energy-efficiency resources
5.Automate metering, grid operations and status, and distribution
grid management 6.Integrate `smart' appliances and consumer devices
7.Integrate electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies,
including plug-in electric vehicles 8.Provide consumers timely
information and control 9.Interoperability standards for the grid
and connected appliances and equipment 10.Lower barriers to
adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and services.
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Government Roles in Smart Grid 17 Public Utility Commissions
Federal State Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Smart Grid Task
Force Other Federal Agencies Other Federal Agencies
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SGIG Topic Areas Smart Grid Investment Grants Category$ Million
Integrated/Crosscutting2,150 AMI818 Distribution254 Transmission148
Customer Systems32 Manufacturing26 Total3,429 Geographic Coverage
of Selected Projects 18 million smart meters 1.2 million in-home
display units 206,000 smart transformers 177,000 load control
devices 170,000 smart thermostats 877 networked phasor measurement
units 671 automated substations 100 PEV charging stations
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Smart Grid Stakeholders 19 1 Appliance and consumer electronics
providers 2 Commercial and industrial equipment manufacturers and
automation vendors 3 Consumers Residential, commercial, and
industrial 4 Electric transportation industry Stakeholders 5
Electric utility companies Investor Owned Utilities (IOU) 6
Electric utility companies - Municipal (MUNI) 7 Electric utility
companies - Rural Electric Association (REA) 8 Electricity and
financial market traders (includes aggregators) 9Independent power
producers 10 Information and communication technologies (ICT)
Infrastructure and Service Providers 11 Information technology (IT)
application developers and integrators 12 Power equipment
manufacturers and vendors 13 Professional societies, users groups,
and industry consortia 14R&D organizations and academia 15
Relevant Federal Government Agencies 16Renewable Power Producers
17Retail Service Providers 18 Standard and specification
development organizations (SDOs) 19State and local regulators
20Testing and Certification Vendors 21 Transmission Operators and
Independent System Operators 22Venture Capital
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Why Do We Need Standards? 20 Whirlpool Corporation To Produce
One Million Smart Grid-Compatible Clothes Dryers by the End of 2011
Standards for data communication, price information, schedules,
demand response signals
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Standards Come From Many Sources International Regional and
National Global Consortia
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Electric Vehicles Require Many Standards 22 1547 (Distributed
energy interconnection) Smart Energy 2.0 J2293 (Communication)
J1772 (Connector) 61850 and 61970/61968 Information models Demand
response & price signaling C12 (Meter) National Electric Code
(Enclosures) National Electric Safety Code (Battery)
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The Need for Standards is Urgent Example: Smart Meters Key
element of smart grids 40 million to be deployed in the next
several years in US Rapid technology evolution Absence of firm
standards 23
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White House Meeting May 2009 Chaired by Secretaries of Energy
and Commerce 66 CEOs and senior executives, federal and state
regulators 24 Commitment to accelerate development of a
roadmap
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NIST Three Phase Plan PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of
existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps
PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and
develop a roadmap to fill gaps PHASE 2 Establish public/private
Standards Panel to provide ongoing recommendations for new/revised
standards PHASE 2 Establish public/private Standards Panel to
provide ongoing recommendations for new/revised standards PHASE 3
Testing and Certification Framework PHASE 3 Testing and
Certification Framework March September 20092010
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Priorities for Standardization Demand Response and Consumer
Energy Efficiency Wide Area Situational Awareness Electric Storage
Electric Transportation Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Distribution Grid Management Cyber Security Network
Communications
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Open, Public Process Three public workshops More than 1500
participants Hundreds of companies, organizations, agencies Online
collaboration wiki White House-sponsored blog Federal Register
Notices Web conferences All information publicly available on-line
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Release 1.0 Framework Published January 2010 Smart Grid Vision
Reference Model 75 standards identified 15 priority action plans to
fill gaps Cyber security strategy Next steps
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Smart Grid Domains
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NIST Smart Grid Reference Model 30
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Communications for the SG Many different applications Home
energy automation, smart meters, distribution automation, SCADA,
enterprise, Diverse geographic environments Urban, suburban, rural
Many technologies Wireless and wired WANs, MANs, LANs, PLC Multiple
ownership models Utility-owned and operated facilities as well as
carrier- provided services Will be predominantly Internet
Protocol-based Resiliency, reliability, and security are critical
requirements 31
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Smart Grid Will Use International Standards 32 ISO/IEC/ITU IETF
IEEE/SAE/ISA Global consortia
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Ensuring Security and Privacy 33
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34 Smart Grid Cyber Security Strategy
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Smart Grid Measurement Research Needs Transmission and
Distribution Phasor Measurement Unit testing and calibration Smart
meter testing/calibration Voltage and current transformer
calibration Embedded small, inexpensive sensors in T&D networks
Storage Battery performance measurement and characterization
Buildings Building automation sensor integration Characterization
as a thermal storage resource Information and communications
Network performance evaluation Cyber security testing and
evaluation 35
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Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Public-private partnership
formed November 2009 Permanent body Supports NIST in setting
standards for U.S. smart grid Coordinates, does not develop
standards Over 550 member organizations, 1700 representatives 22
stakeholder categories utilities, renewable power suppliers,
electric equipment suppliers, ICT, appliance makers, automation
suppliers, standards developers, regulators, venture capital, Open,
transparent process International participation 36
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Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (contd) SGIP Governing Board
Approves and prioritizes the work of the SGIP Coordinates necessary
resources (in dialog with SDOs, user groups, and others) to carry
out finalized action plans in efficient and effective manner.
Standing Committees SG Architecture Committee (SGAC) SG Testing and
Certification (SGTC) Additional Committees will be created as
needed Working Groups Cyber Security Coordination Task Group Domain
Expert Working Groups (DEWGs) NIST Federal Advisory Committee also
in formation 37
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Further Information Web portal: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid
Contact: George Arnold, National Coordinator Email:
[email protected] Telephone: +1.301.975.2232 38