Regional Groundwater Flow
I. Introduction
A. Diagram“ the water table is a subdued replica of the surface topography”
II. Groundwater Flow Patterns
II. Groundwater Flow Patterns
GW Divide
II. Groundwater Flow Patterns
GW Divide
Hinge Line
II. Groundwater Flow Patterns
GW Divide
Hinge Line
Recharge Zone Discharge ZoneDischarge Zone
III. Piezometer Patterns
IV. Effects of Topography
Toth systems of flow
local
intermediate
regional
IV. Effects of Topography
IV. Effects of Topography
V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)
V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)
A. Topography
V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)
A. Topography
B. Piezometer Trends
V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)
A. Topography
B. Piezometer Trends
C. Hydrochemical Trends
V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)
A. Topography
B. Piezometer Trends
C. Hydrochemical Trends
D. Environmental Isotopes
V. Flow System Mapping (recharge and discharge zones)
A. Topography
B. Piezometer Trends
C. Hydrochemical Trends
D. Environmental Isotopes
E. Soil, Vegetation and Land Surface Features
VI. Salt Water Encroachment
A. The problem
VI. Salt Water Encroachment
B. Possible Solutions
1. modification of pumping pattern
VI. Salt Water Encroachment
B. Possible Solutions
2. artificial recharge
3. pumping troughs
4. freshwater ridge (injection barrier)
5. subsurface barrier
VI. Salt Water Encroachment
B. Possible Solutions
1. modification of pumping pattern
2. artificial recharge
3. pumping troughs
4. freshwater ridge (injection barrier)
5. subsurface barrier
VI. Salt Water Encroachment
C. Predicting the Intrusion
Ghyben-Herzberg Principlez(x,y) = ρw * h(x,y)
ρs - ρw
VI. Salt Water Encroachment
C. Predicting the Intrusion
Ghyben-Herzberg Principlez(x,y) = ρw * h(x,y)
ρs - ρw
If ρs = 1.025; ρw = 1.000then z(x,y) = 40h(x,y)