Quarterly Market ReportQ4 - December 2019
2ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
This report is intended to provide an overview of general business information relative to global employment conditions and considerations. It should not be interpreted as legal advice. Please consult with legal counsel to ensure that you are in compliance with all applicable laws.
3ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
• Global Workforce Trends
• Regional Highlights
• Detailed Country Level Analysis
• North, South, & Central America
• Europe, Middle East, & Africa
• Asia-Pacific
Table of Contents
4
Global Workforce Trends
5ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Global Hiring Trends
There are 21,217, 328 job openings globally
9%
are
Opera
tions/
Logis
tics J
obs
7%
are
IT
Job
Openin
gs
5%
are
Fin
ance
Job
Openin
gs
4% are Manufacturing
Job Openings
14% are Sales &
Business Development
Job Openings
6ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Global Hiring Trends
There are 21,217, 328 job openings globally 42% are Sales
Candidates don’t have
Bachelor’s Degree
43%
of O
pera
tions/
Logis
tics
Candid
ate
s d
on’t h
ave
dip
lom
as o
r 3+
Years
experien
ce
76%
IT
Candid
ate
s d
on’t
have B
achelo
r's D
egre
e
41%
Fin
ance
Ca
ndid
ate
s d
on’t h
ave
Bachelo
r's D
egre
e
39% are Manufacturing
Candidates don’t have diploma
or 3+ Years experience
7ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Low Unemployment has Decreased Already Limited Candidate Pool
<5%
Unemployment
Results in
Increased
Turnover
<3.5%
Unemployment
Means Your
Candidates Already
Have a Job
>5% Increase
to Turnover
Indicates You
Need to Adjust
Wages &
Incentives
Decline in
Candidates Indicates
Need for
Requirements
Adjustment
Social
Recruiting
Requires You
Monitor Your
Brand in
Addition to
Promoting It
8ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Flexibility in labor law, but these
countries require dedicated programs
More innovative models not restricted
to contingent labor are necessary
Flexible legislation and abundant
workers enable MSP delivery in these
markets – usually leveraged on price
An established partner is required in
these markets to manage labor legislation and
achieve flexibility and efficiency
1 Relative rank calculated based on
active regulations related to contractual
terms, costs or labor and termination,
hiring and firing restrictions, and
enforced consequences
2 Relative rank determined by MSP
awareness, knowledge, and adoption
Source: TAPFIN Total Workforce Index
9ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Global Parity Tracker:
Argentina
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
China
Croatia
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Honduras
Hungary
India
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Korea (South)
Latvia
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Netherlands
Nicaragua
Norway
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Taiwan
United Kingdom
Uruguay
Venezuela
Colombia
Croatia
India
Lithuania
Romania
Russia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vietnam
Hong Kong
Japan
Mexico
Australia
Bahrain
Belarus
Bolivia
Chile
Costa Rica
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Israel
Macau
Monaco
Morocco
New Zealand
Panama
Paraguay
Philippines
Puerto Rico
Serbia
Singapore
Thailand
Tunisia
UAE
Ukraine
No Parity Required
Just Benefit Parity
Just Pay Parity
Full Pay & Benefit Parity
USA*
USA* Full benefit parity is not required but the Healthcare Reform Bill is moving the USA in this direction
Canada – Provincial Law mandates pay and benefit parity in Ontario, while National Law has baseline of Benefit Parity across all Privinces
Source: TAPFIN Total Workforce Index
Canada*
10
Regional Highlights
11
Strategic Update on Americas
Latin America
• Brazil’s government announced measures and
legislative proposals to create up to 4 million jobs by
2022 and inject tens of billions of reais into the economy
through loans and projected savings for private and
state-run firms. The key action of the jobs program will
create 1.8 million vacancies via a temporary decree that
will exempt firms from paying payroll taxes and cut their
labor costs by between 30% and 34%.
• Chile continues to deal with nationwide protests related
in part to its continuing economic issues. A large part of
Chile’s problem is its rigid labor laws make hiring
expensive. About one-third of the labor force works in
low-paid self-employment or in off-the-books jobs in
small, “informal” firms that stay small to elude regulations
and labor law. As these workers do not receive a
paycheck from which contributions can be deducted,
every worker contributes to Chile’s pension system for
only 20 years on average.
North America
• Canada’s economy unexpectedly shed jobs in November as
the unemployment rate rose to its highest level in more than a
year, marking a significant reversal for a labor market that has
largely been a bright spot in recent years. Canada’s labor
market shed a net 71,200 jobs in November, the biggest
monthly decline since the financial crisis.
• In the United States, more that a quarter of the
population now rely on the gig economy to supplement their
income in some manner and one in 10 rely on it as their
primary source of income. As a result, several states are
working on legislation aimed at providing benefits to
independent contractors. New Jersey, New York, Colorado,
Oregon and Washington are all working on laws to ensure
that these workers receive minimum wage, paid sick leave,
health care, and more.
• As of August 1, 2019, companies doing business in Mexico
can anticipate that unions will move quickly to legitimize
existing collective agreements under a new government-issued
protocol. Among other steps, the process includes a vote by
covered employees to determine whether they approve the
terms of the agreement. Collective agreements must be
legitimized by May 1, 2023 or they will be terminated.
12
Strategic Update on EMEA
Eastern Europe
• Poland is the world’s most popular destination for
temporary labor migrants according to a report
released by the Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD). The report
found that 1.1 million temporary migrants moved to
Poland in 2017, a 32% increase on the 2016 rate, with
the majority of workers coming in from Ukraine.
• An analysis by the Economic and Business Research
Institute has found that a significant number of
Hungarian workers are employed in areas where most
of the tasks could be performed by machines. The
research points out that automation does not lead to
the disappearance of the professions concerned, since
in most jobs only part of the tasks can be automated.
Based on employment data from the National Tax and
Customs Administration of Hungary, it was also
determined that out of 3,743,689 employees, 730,000
are employed professions that could be eliminated.
Western Europe
• European banks have slashed tens of thousands more
jobs in 2019 to address their poor profitability. Hemmed in
by the European Central Bank’s long-term extension of
negative rates, slowing economic growth, Brexit and
burgeoning regulatory requirements, banks in Germany,
UK, France, Spain and Switzerland have collectively
announced more than 60,000 jobs cuts this year.
Headcount of the top ten banks in Europe by market cap,
have fallen by 20% since 2008.
• More than 800,000 people protested across France in
December with an open-ended strike by public sector
workers to show their dissatisfaction with the government’s
plan to update the pension system, which is one of the
most expensive pension systems in the world. President
Emmanuel Macron is pushing for a single, points-based
system that would replace the current 42 different pension
plans that vary according to profession and region. The
proposed system aims to make pensioners contribute the
same amount and give them equal rights.
• More people lost their jobs in the United Kingdom’s
manufacturing sector in November than any other month
for more than 7 years. The pace of job losses hit its
steepest level since September 2012.
13
Strategic Update on APACAsia Pacific • India is overhauling it most controversial labor laws to make it easier to do
business in India. The government will push an industrial relations bill allowing
companies to hire workers on fixed-term contracts of any duration without
changing stringent laws on hiring and firing. The cabinet approved the Industrial
Relations Code bill which empowers the government to change the ceiling on
employee count without government approval. While the current upper threshold
limit of 100 workers has not been changed, the bill allows the government to
amend this number without seeking Parliament’s approval.
• The number of working-age Japanese in the labor force is the highest since the 1960s with the ratio of open jobs per
applicant about to surpass an all-time record reached in 1963. Japan is running out of even moderately skilled labor,
denting productivity and top-line GDP. Its population began contracting in 2010. Since then, it has lost more than 1.4 million people. By 2040, more than a third of Japanese will be over 65, the worst old-to-young ratio in the world.
• The Hong Kong government is warning that six month of mass protests will cause the economy in the Asian financial
hub to shrink this year. A government forecast predicts its economy will contract by 1.3% in 2019, marking the first year
of recession since the global financial crisis a decade ago. Before the protests kicked off, the government predicted
GDP growth this year of between 2% and 3% but in August it downgraded its forecast to annual growth between 0%
and 1%. However the economy slowed more than expected in the third quarter pushing Hong Kong recession.
• China's manufacturing sector jumped unexpectedly in November, signaling a recovery in activity amid government
support and a stabilizing global economy. The official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index rose to 50.2,
according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics. This was the first reading above 50 since April,
indicating an expansion in output. The non-manufacturing gauge was 54.4, the highest since March. Economists
warned that it is unwise to read too much into a single month’s reading as large jumps in activity are not unusual
following China’s week-long holidays, such as the Chinese New Year and in October.
14
Detailed Country Analysis
North, South, & Central America
15ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
24%
61%
15%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
Argentina Agriculture <1% Services 76% Industry 23%
Total Workforce 20,360,197
Permanent Employees 13,687,916
Non Standard Workforce 4,514,100
Unemployed Workers 2,158,181
Workforce
33% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Regional:
14
Availability:
4
Cost:
16
Regulation:
17
Productivity:
14
Global:
65
Availability:
49
Cost:
43
Regulation:
67
Productivity:
61
$0.41$0.93
$1.59
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Argentina Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Year on Year Argentina
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 2.63%
Inflation Rate (Sep) 50.5%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) --3.1%7.2% 7.1% 7.3% 7.6% 8.0% 8.3%
9.5%10.6%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Argentina Regional Average
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Recent increases in the minimum wage due to hyper inflation and devaluation of
the currency.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
16ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Bolivia Agriculture 27% Services 51% Industry 22%
55% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 5,234,473
Permanent Employees 3,321,666
Non Standard Workforce 1,741,849
Unemployed Workers 170,958
Workforce
Regional:
19
Availability:
16
Cost:
9
Regulation:
20
Productivity:
17
Global:
74
Availability:
69
Cost:
24
Regulation:
75
Productivity:
67
Year on Year Bolivia
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.26%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.9%
13%
62%
25%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
2.0% 2.4% 2.0%3.1% 3.1% 3.2% 3.3% 3.3%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bolivia Regional Average
$1.09$1.65 $1.75
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Bolivia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
17ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Brazil Agriculture 10% Services 69% Industry 21%
Workforce
26% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 106,328,664
Permanent Employees 63,959,243
Non Standard Workforce 29,822,638
Unemployed Workers 12,546,782 Regional:
16
Availability:
7
Cost:
12
Regulation:
18
Productivity:
19
Global:
68
Availability:
54
Cost:
29
Regulation:
70
Productivity:
71
Year on Year Brazil
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.54%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.9%
22%
62%
16%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.2% 7.0% 6.7%
8.4%
11.6%12.8% 12.5%
11.8%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Brazil Regional Average
$1.05$1.25 $1.33
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Brazil Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
18ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Canada Agriculture 2% Services 78% Industry 20%
Workforce
9% of Total Employment is vulnerable.
Total Workforce 20,286,000
Permanent Employees 16,313,900
Non Standard Workforce 2,856,370
Unemployed Workers 1,115,730 Regional:
2
Availability:
1
Cost:
17
Regulation:
1
Productivity:
2
Global:
6
Availability:
7
Cost:
48
Regulation:
13
Productivity:
5
Year on Year Canada
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 1.9%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.5%
44%
48%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.3% 7.1% 6.9% 6.9% 7.0%6.3%
5.9% 5.5%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Canada Regional Average
$8.28
$9.41$9.98
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Canada Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies based on province.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
19ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Chile Agriculture 10% Services 68% Industry 23%
Workforce
30% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 9,076,843
Permanent Employees 6,111,620
Non Standard Workforce 2,329,844
Unemployed Workers 635,379 Regional:
3
Availability:
6
Cost:
2
Regulation:
14
Productivity:
3
Global:
25
Availability:
52
Cost:
6
Regulation:
63
Productivity:
13
Year on Year Chile
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.5%
26%
51%
23%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.7% 6.2% 6.7% 6.5% 6.7% 7.0% 7.2% 7.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Chile Regional Average
$1.41$1.69 $1.89
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Chile Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
20ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Colombia Agriculture 16% Services 65% Industry 19%
Workforce
50% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 26,635,835
Permanent Employees 11,792,057
Non Standard Workforce 12,126,923
Unemployed Workers 2,716,855 Regional:
9
Availability:
13
Cost:
4
Regulation:
9
Productivity:
11
Global:
50
Availability:
65
Cost:
12
Regulation:
41
Productivity:
51
Year on Year Colombia
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.84%
GDP Growth ((IMF Oct) 3.4%
19%
66%
15%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
9.7%9.1% 8.6% 8.3% 8.7% 8.9% 9.1%
10.2%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Colombia Regional Average
$0.99$1.13
$1.38
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Colombia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
21ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Costa Rica Agriculture 12% Services 69% Industry 19%
Workforce
26% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,337,785
Permanent Employees 1,621,810
Non Standard Workforce 449,467
Unemployed Workers 266,507 Regional:
10
Availability:
5
Cost:
14
Regulation:
16
Productivity:
8
Global:
52
Availability:
50
Cost:
31
Regulation:
66
Productivity:
32
Year on Year Costa Rica
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.86%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2%
23%
51%
26%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
9.8%8.8% 9.1% 9.0% 8.6% 8.1% 8.1%
11.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Costa Rica Regional Average
$2.06$2.35 $2.69
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Costa Rica Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by occupation. This wage is for a semi skilled worker.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
22ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Dominican Republic Agriculture 13% Services 70% Industry 17%
Workforce
31% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,952,136
Permanent Employees 2,600,347
Non Standard Workforce 2,034,852
Unemployed Workers 316,937 Regional:
7
Availability:
15
Cost:
3
Regulation:
6
Productivity:
9
Global:
43
Availability:
68
Cost:
9
Regulation:
30
Productivity:
43
Year on Year Dominican Rep.
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.48%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 5%
19%
57%
24%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.7% 7.4% 6.7%7.6% 7.3%
5.8% 5.8% 6.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Dominican Republic Regional Average
$0.90$1.28
$1.66
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Dominican Rep. Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wages vary by size of company and occupation.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
23ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Ecuador Agriculture 27% Services 55% Industry 19%
Workforce
36% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 8,372,021
Permanent Employees 4,057,207
Non Standard Workforce 3,820,865
Unemployed Workers 493,949 Regional:
11
Availability:
11
Cost:
6
Regulation:
10
Productivity:
12
Global:
53
Availability:
63
Cost:
18
Regulation:
43
Productivity:
56
Year on Year Ecuador
Wage Inflation Rate 4%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.04%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) -0.5%
15%
62%
23%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.2% 3.1% 3.5% 3.6%4.6%
3.8% 3.9%
5.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Ecuador Regional Average
$2.38 $2.47 $2.65
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Ecuador Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wages vary by industry sector.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
24ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
El Salvador Agriculture 19% Services 60% Industry 21%
Workforce
48% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,851,567
Permanent Employees 1,606,778
Non Standard Workforce 1,062,289
Unemployed Workers 182,500 Regional:
13
Availability:
18
Cost:
13
Regulation:
8
Productivity:
10
Global:
61
Availability:
72
Cost:
30
Regulation:
34
Productivity:
46
Year on Year El Salvador
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) -0.58%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.5%
13%
59%
28%Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.8% 3.7% 4.2% 4.0% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4%
6.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
El Salvador Regional Average
$1.27$1.57 $1.71
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
El Salvador Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wages vary by occupation. This is the rate for an industry/commerce
worker.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
25ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Guatemala Agriculture 29% Services 50% Industry 21%
Workforce
55% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 7,042,791
Permanent Employees 4,320,611
Non Standard Workforce 2,581,324
Unemployed Workers 140,856 Regional:
17
Availability:
21
Cost:
1
Regulation:
7
Productivity:
20
Global:
72
Availability:
76
Cost:
5
Regulation:
33
Productivity:
75
Year on Year Guatemala
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.17%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.4%
10%
70%
20%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
2.8% 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7%2.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Guatemala Regional Average
$1.66$1.97
$2.18
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Guatemala Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
26ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Honduras Agriculture 29% Services 50% Industry 21%
Workforce
66% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,236,042
Permanent Employees 2,077,186
Non Standard Workforce 1,917,402
Unemployed Workers 241,454 Regional:
20
Availability:
20
Cost:
10
Regulation:
19
Productivity:
18
Global:
75
Availability:
75
Cost:
26
Regulation:
74
Productivity:
69
Year on Year Honduras
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.84%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.4%
12%
63%
25%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.8% 4.1%5.5%
4.6% 4.7% 4.0% 4.1%
5.7%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Honduras Regional Average
$1.19$1.68
$2.22
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Honduras Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by both the industry and the size of the firm. This rate is
the larger size, manufacturing firm.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
27ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Mexico Agriculture 13% Services 61% Industry 26%
Workforce
33% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 58,929,596
Permanent Employees 38,832,836
Non Standard Workforce 17,857,435
Unemployed Workers 2,239,325 Regional:
5
Availability:
9
Cost:
8
Regulation:
11
Productivity:
4
Global:
34
Availability:
59
Cost:
23
Regulation:
46
Productivity:
20
Year on Year Mexico
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.97%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.4%
19%
57%
24%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.9% 4.9% 4.8% 4.3% 3.9% 3.4% 3.3% 3.8%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2109
Mexico Regional Average
$0.45 $0.51 $0.83
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Mexico Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by job title – this rate is for a general worker. Border areas
also have higher minimum wages.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
28ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Nicaragua Agriculture 29% Services 53% Industry 18%
Workforce
60% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,991,617
Permanent Employees 1,568,337
Non Standard Workforce 1,267,716
Unemployed Workers 155,564 Regional:
18
Availability:
19
Cost:
18
Regulation:
5
Productivity:
16
Global:
73
Availability:
73
Cost:
49
Regulation:
24
Productivity:
66
Year on Year Nicaragua
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Aug) 6.13%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) -5%
18%
51%
31%Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.2% 5.3%4.5% 4.4% 4.3% 4.2% 4.5%
5.2%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Nicaragua Regional Average
$0.57$0.72
$0.87
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Nicaragua Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by sector. This is the manufacturing minimum wage.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
29ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Panama Agriculture 15% Services 67% Industry 18%
Workforce
26% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,014,910
Permanent Employees 1,225,428
Non Standard Workforce 668,587
Unemployed Workers 120,895 Regional:
12
Availability:
10
Cost:
5
Regulation:
15
Productivity:
13
Global:
59
Availability:
61
Cost:
15
Regulation:
65
Productivity:
58
Year on Year Panama
Wage Inflation Rate 1%
Inflation Rate (Oct) -0.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 4.3%
26%
54%
20%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
2.4% 2.3% 2.7% 3.0% 3.3% 3.9% 3.9%
6.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Panama Regional Average
$2.50 $2.56$3.09
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Panama Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by sector, size of the company and region. This rate is for
a large manufacturing industry in Region 1.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
30ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Paraguay Agriculture 21% Services 59% Industry 19%
Workforce
35% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 3,453,079
Permanent Employees 1,793,826
Non Standard Workforce 1,403,725
Unemployed Workers 255,528 Regional:
15
Availability:
17
Cost:
7
Regulation:
13
Productivity:
15
Global:
67
Availability:
70
Cost:
20
Regulation:
58
Productivity:
65
Year on Year Paraguay
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.9%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1%
20%
61%
19%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.1% 4.4%5.0% 4.6%
5.3% 4.6% 4.7%
7.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Paraguay Regional Average
$1.36$1.52
$1.77
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Paraguay Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
31ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Peru Agriculture 28% Services 56% Industry 16%
Workforce
41% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 18,329,587
Permanent Employees 7,909,143
Non Standard Workforce 9,247,350
Unemployed Workers 1,173,094 Regional:
8
Availability:
12
Cost:
11
Regulation:
12
Productivity:
5
Global:
45
Availability:
64
Cost:
27
Regulation:
47
Productivity:
25
Year on Year Peru
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.87%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.6%
16%
52%
32%Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.1% 3.2% 3.0% 3.0% 3.5% 3.5% 2.8%
6.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Peru Regional Average
$1.07$1.45
$1.54$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Peru Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
32ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Puerto Rico Agriculture 3% Services 80% Industry 17%
Workforce
25% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 1,127,144
Permanent Employees 732,580
Non Standard Workforce 302,138
Unemployed Workers 92,426 Regional:
4
Availability:
3
Cost:
19
Regulation:
4
Productivity:
7
Global:
32
Availability:
45
Cost:
50
Regulation:
22
Productivity:
28
Year on Year Puerto Rico
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) -1.1%
31%
64%
5%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
14.5% 14.3% 13.9%
12.0% 11.8%10.8%
11.4%
8.2%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Puerto Rico Regional Average
$7.25 $7.25 $7.25
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Puerto Rico Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
33ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
United States Agriculture 2% Services 79% Industry 19%
Workforce
16% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 164,364,000
Permanent Employees 143,077,547
Non Standard Workforce 15,369,349
Unemployed Workers 5,917,104 Regional:
1
Availability:
2
Cost:
15
Regulation:
3
Productivity:
1
Global:
5
Availability:
12
Cost:
36
Regulation:
19
Productivity:
4
Year on Year United States
Wage Inflation Rate (Oct) 4.89%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.4%
43%
45%
12%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
8.1% 7.4%
6.2%5.3% 4.9% 4.4% 3.9% 3.6%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
United States Regional Average
$7.25 $7.25 $7.25
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
United States Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Other states and metropolitan areas have higher minimum wages.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
34ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Uruguay Agriculture 8% Services 72% Industry 20%
Workforce
19% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 1,765,243
Permanent Employees 1,153,427
Non Standard Workforce 444,117
Unemployed Workers 167,698 Regional:
6
Availability:
8
Cost:
20
Regulation:
2
Productivity:
6
Global:
36
Availability:
57
Cost:
60
Regulation:
16
Productivity:
27
Year on Year Uruguay
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 8.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.4%
22%
59%
19%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.5% 6.4% 6.5%7.5% 7.8% 7.9% 8.0%
9.5%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Uruguay Regional Average
$1.32$1.70
$2.08
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Uruguay Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
35ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Venezuela Agriculture 10% Services 67% Industry 23%
Workforce
24% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 14,643,191
Permanent Employees 8,440,908
Non Standard Workforce 4,872,827
Unemployed Workers 1,329,455 Regional:
21
Availability:
14
Cost:
21
Regulation:
21
Productivity:
21
Global:
76
Availability:
66
Cost:
76
Regulation:
76
Productivity:
76
Year on Year Venezuela
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Sep) 39,114%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) -35%
17%
58%
25%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.6%7.5% 6.9% 6.8% 7.5% 7.4%
8.4%9.1%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Venezuela, RB Regional Average
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 21)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Venezuela
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
▪ Due to hyperinflation in Venezuela, the minimum wage was increased in October
2019 for the third time this year. The latest increase was 275% on the monthly
minimum wage.
▪ In December 2014, the minimum wage was increased to 4,889 Bolivars per
month. With the latest minimum wage hike, it is now 150,000 Bolivars per month
(excluding the food bonus). The new minimum wage is more than 30 times
greater than the wage in January 2015.
36
Detailed Country Analysis
Europe, Middle East and Africa
37ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Austria Agriculture 4% Services 70% Industry 26%
Workforce
8% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,545,300
Permanent Employees 3,698,738
Non Standard Workforce 528,391
Unemployed Workers 318,171 Global:
30
Availability:
15
Cost:
72
Regulation:
5
Productivity:
48
Regional:
17
Availability:
10
Cost:
37
Regulation:
2
Productivity:
25
Year on Year Austria
Wage Inflation Rate 1%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 1.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.6%
41%
51%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.9% 5.3% 5.6% 5.7% 6.0% 5.5%4.8%
7.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Austria Regional Average
$9.21 $9.21
$9.53
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Austria Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies a slightly by industry sector.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
38ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Bahrain Agriculture 1% Services 64% Industry 35%
Workforce
17% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 977,302
Permanent Employees 910,072
Non Standard Workforce 29,115
Unemployed Workers 38,115 Global:
18
Availability:
11
Cost:
8
Regulation:
68
Productivity:
38
Regional:
7
Availability:
7
Cost:
3
Regulation:
37
Productivity:
18
Year on Year Bahrain
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 1.9%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2%
25%
51%
24%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0%
3.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bahrain Regional Average
$4.19 $4.19 $4.19
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Bahrain Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ In Bahrain the minimum wage only applies to Bahraini nationals in the public
sector.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
39ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Belarus Agriculture 10% Services 59% Industry 31%
Workforce
8% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,975,430
Permanent Employees 4,791,847
Non Standard Workforce 168,657
Unemployed Workers 14,926 Regional:
27
Availability:
30
Cost:
9
Regulation:
30
Productivity:
30
Global:
46
Availability:
38
Cost:
28
Regulation:
52
Productivity:
54
Year on Year Belarus
Wage Inflation Rate (Aug) 13.2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 5%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.5%
40%
52%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.0% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 5.8% 5.7% 5.7%0.3%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Belarus Regional Average
$0.58$0.73
$0.91
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Belarus Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
40ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Belgium Agriculture 1% Services 78% Industry 21%
Workforce
10% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 5,126,300
Permanent Employees 4,127,861
Non Standard Workforce 711,366
Unemployed Workers 287,073 Regional:
32
Availability:
13
Cost:
36
Regulation:
9
Productivity:
35
Global:
54
Availability:
18
Cost:
71
Regulation:
17
Productivity:
64
Year on Year Belgium
Wage Inflation Rate (Jun) 3.1%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.39%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.2%
47%
43%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.5%8.4% 8.5% 8.5%
7.8%7.1%
6.3%5.6%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Belgium Regional Average
$10.04$10.45 $10.66
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Belgium Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
41ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Bulgaria Agriculture 6% Services 65% Industry 29%
Workforce
13% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 3,404,800
Permanent Employees 2,847,097
Non Standard Workforce 377,248
Unemployed Workers 180,454 Regional:
29
Availability:
29
Cost:
7
Regulation:
32
Productivity:
36
Global:
48
Availability:
35
Cost:
17
Regulation:
56
Productivity:
68
Year on Year Bulgaria
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.7%
33%
56%
11%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
12.3% 12.9%11.4%
9.1%7.6%
6.2%5.3% 5.3%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bulgaria Regional Average
$1.24$1.47 $1.90
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Bulgaria Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
42ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Croatia Agriculture 8% Services 65% Industry 27%
Workforce
11% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 1,785,800
Permanent Employees 1,437,889
Non Standard Workforce 228,263
Unemployed Workers 119,649 Regional:
12
Availability:
21
Cost:
5
Regulation:
8
Productivity:
40
Global:
24
Availability:
27
Cost:
14
Regulation:
14
Productivity:
74
Year on Year Croatia
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 3.6%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.6%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3%
37%
56%
7%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
15.9%17.3% 17.3%
16.2%
13.1%
11.2%8.9%
6.7%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Croatia Regional Average
$2.59$2.80
$3.20
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Croatia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
43ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Czech Republic Agriculture 3% Services 59% Industry 38%
Workforce
9% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 5,398,300
Permanent Employees 4,348,320
Non Standard Workforce 909,624
Unemployed Workers 140,356 Regional:
11
Availability:
26
Cost:
12
Regulation:
11
Productivity:
14
Global:
23
Availability:
32
Cost:
34
Regulation:
21
Productivity:
34
Year on Year Czech Republic
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.5%
39%
55%
6%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.0% 7.0%6.1%
5.0%4.0%
2.9% 2.4% 2.6%0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Czech Republic Regional Average
$2.37$2.84
$3.44
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Czech Republic Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by occupation. This is for Group 1 – Ancillary, repetitive
work.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
44ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Denmark Agriculture 3% Services 79% Industry 19%
Workforce
4% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 3,020,900
Permanent Employees 2,647,305
Non Standard Workforce 261,821
Unemployed Workers 111,773 Regional:
5
Availability:
5
Cost:
34
Regulation:
1
Productivity:
15
Global:
13
Availability:
9
Cost:
69
Regulation:
2
Productivity:
35
Year on Year Denmark
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.7%
46%
44%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.5% 7.0% 6.6% 6.2% 6.2% 5.7%5.0%
3.7%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Denmark Regional Average
$16.19 $16.19$17.61
$0
$10
$20
2015 2017 2019
Denmark Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Denmark doesn’t have a set minimum wage but wages are determined by
collective bargaining. This is the average collective bargaining rate.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
45ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Estonia Agriculture 4% Services 66% Industry 30%
Workforce
5% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 703,400
Permanent Employees 611,075
Non Standard Workforce 64,893
Unemployed Workers 27,433 Regional:
3
Availability:
15
Cost:
15
Regulation:
5
Productivity:
17
Global:
8
Availability:
21
Cost:
38
Regulation:
8
Productivity:
37
Year on Year Estonia
Wage Inflation Rate (Jun) 7.4%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.8%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.2%
45%
47%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
10.0%8.6%
7.4%6.2% 6.8%
5.8% 5.5%
3.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Estonia Regional Average
$2.57$2.94
$3.52
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Estonia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Higher rate of minimum wage for teachers.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
46ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Finland Agriculture 4% Services 74% Industry 22%
Workforce
5% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,807,900
Permanent Employees 2,274,963
Non Standard Workforce 367,271
Unemployed Workers 165,666 Regional:
22
Availability:
12
Cost:
35
Regulation:
10
Productivity:
20
Global:
39
Availability:
17
Cost:
70
Regulation:
20
Productivity:
40
Year on Year Finland
Wage Inflation Rate (Jun) 3.7%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.2%
46%
48%
6%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.7% 8.2% 8.7%
9.4%8.8%
8.6%7.8%
5.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Finland Regional Average
$9.47$9.70 $9.90
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Finland Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wages are based on sector and collective bargaining. Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
47ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
France Agriculture 3% Services 77% Industry 20%
Workforce
5% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 29,644,400
Permanent Employees 23,924,869
Non Standard Workforce 3,170,113
Unemployed Workers 2,549,418 Regional:
39
Availability:
19
Cost:
33
Regulation:
33
Productivity:
38
Global:
70
Availability:
25
Cost:
68
Regulation:
57
Productivity:
72
Year on Year France
Wage Inflation Rate (Jun) 0.5%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.2%
45%
45%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
9.4% 9.9% 10.3% 10.4% 10.1%9.4% 9.2% 8.6%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
France Regional Average
$10.57$10.74 $11.03
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
France Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
48ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Germany Agriculture 1% Services 71% Industry 28%
Workforce
10% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 43,342,900
Permanent Employees 37,673,345
Non Standard Workforce 4,325,925
Unemployed Workers 1,343,630 Regional:
28
Availability:
14
Cost:
31
Regulation:
28
Productivity:
10
Global:
47
Availability:
19
Cost:
65
Regulation:
49
Productivity:
24
Year on Year Germany
Wage Inflation Rate (Jun) 1.3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.5%
45%
47%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.4% 5.2% 5.0% 4.6% 4.1% 3.7% 3.4% 3.1%0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Germany Regional Average
$9.35$9.72 $10.11
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Germany Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
49ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Greece Agriculture 12% Services 73% Industry 15%
Workforce
25% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,761,500
Permanent Employees 2,657,441
Non Standard Workforce 1,308,889
Unemployed Workers 795,171 Regional:
30
Availability:
27
Cost:
25
Regulation:
17
Productivity:
31
Global:
49
Availability:
33
Cost:
53
Regulation:
29
Productivity:
55
Year on Year Greece
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.2%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2%
32%
61%
7%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
24.4%
27.5%26.5%
24.9%23.5%
21.5%19.2%
16.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Greece Regional Average
$4.34$4.65 $4.82
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Greece Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
50ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Hungary Agriculture 5% Services 65% Industry 30 %
Workforce
10% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,666,400
Permanent Employees 4,007,738
Non Standard Workforce 495,338
Unemployed Workers 163,324 Regional:
25
Availability:
31
Cost:
19
Regulation:
15
Productivity:
32
Global:
42
Availability:
39
Cost:
44
Regulation:
27
Productivity:
57
Year on Year Hungary
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 11.8%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 4.6%
37%
53%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
11.0%
10.2%
7.7%6.8%
5.1%4.2% 3.7% 3.5%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Hungary Regional Average
$1.98$2.37 $2.77
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Hungary Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ There are higher minimum wages for professionals.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
51ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Ireland Agriculture 5% Services 75% Industry 19%
Workforce
9% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,430,800
Permanent Employees 1,936,920
Non Standard Workforce 377,202
Unemployed Workers 116,678 Regional:
2
Availability:
1
Cost:
23
Regulation:
4
Productivity:
8
Global:
7
Availability:
2
Cost:
51
Regulation:
7
Productivity:
21
Year on Year Ireland
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 3.4%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 4.3%
40%
51%
9%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
15.5%
13.7%
11.9%
9.9%8.4%
6.7%5.7%
4.8%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Ireland Regional Average
$9.51$10.17 $10.78
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Ireland Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
52ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Israel Agriculture 1% Services 82% Industry 17%
Workforce
26% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,118,700
Permanent Employees 3,339,631
Non Standard Workforce 626,677
Unemployed Workers 152,392 Regional:
4
Availability:
16
Cost:
24
Regulation:
14
Productivity:
1
Global:
9
Availability:
22
Cost:
52
Regulation:
26
Productivity:
3
Year on Year Israel
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4.5%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.1%
52%
42%
6%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.9%6.2% 5.9% 5.3% 4.8% 4.2% 4.0% 3.7%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Israel Regional Average
$6.66
$7.75$8.39
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Israel Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
https://www.boi.org.il/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
53ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Italy Agriculture 4% Services 70% Industry 26%
Workforce
15% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 26,098,500
Permanent Employees 17,965,268
Non Standard Workforce 5,549,481
Unemployed Workers 2,583,752 Regional:
36
Availability:
24
Cost:
32
Regulation:
35
Productivity:
21
Global:
64
Availability:
30
Cost:
67
Regulation:
60
Productivity:
41
Year on Year Italy
Wage Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.6%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0%
36%
53%
11%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
10.7%12.1% 12.7%
11.9% 11.7% 11.2%10.2% 9.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Italy Regional Average
$9.10 $9.11$9.26
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Kazakhstan Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ No minimum wage as it is set by Collective Bargaining.
▪ Note that this is the wage for the level 2 (of 8) metal workers.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
54ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Kazakhstan Agriculture 18% Services 61% Industry 21 %
Workforce
33% of Total Employment is Informal.
Total Workforce 9,119,400
Permanent Employees 6,363,663
Non Standard Workforce 2,318,006
Unemployed Workers 437,731 Regional:
24
Availability:
37
Cost:
6
Regulation:
13
Productivity:
34
Global:
41
Availability:
53
Cost:
16
Regulation:
25
Productivity:
63
Year on Year Kazakhstan
Wage Inflation Rate 25
Inflation Rate (Nov) 5.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.8%
34%
47%
19%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.3% 5.2% 5.1% 4.9% 5.0% 4.9% 4.9% 4.8%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Kazakhstan Regional Average
$0.32 $0.37 $0.63
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Kazakhstan Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
55ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Latvia Agriculture 8% Services 68% Industry 24%
Workforce
9% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 967,100
Permanent Employees 788,167
Non Standard Workforce 120,907
Unemployed Workers 58,026 Regional:
10
Availability:
17
Cost:
10
Regulation:
18
Productivity:
11
Global:
21
Availability:
23
Cost:
32
Regulation:
31
Productivity:
29
Year on Year Latvia
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.8%
41%
46%
13%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
15.0%
11.9%10.8%
9.9% 9.6%8.7%
7.9%
6.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Latvia Regional Average
$2.38 $2.38 $2.73
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Latvia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
56ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Lithuania Agriculture 8% Services 68% Industry 24%
Workforce
6% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 1,472,500
Permanent Employees 1,185,295
Non Standard Workforce 170,878
Unemployed Workers 116,328 Global:
33
Availability:
24
Cost:
46
Regulation:
32
Productivity:
50
Regional:
18
Availability:
18
Cost:
21
Regulation:
19
Productivity:
27
Year on Year Lithuania
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.4%
43%
48%
9%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
13.4%
11.8%
10.7%
9.1%7.9%
7.1%6.0%
7.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Lithuania Regional Average
$2.00$2.38
$3.52
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Lithuania Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
57ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Luxembourg Agriculture 1% Services 87% Industry 12%
Workforce
1% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 307,300
Permanent Employees 262,203
Non Standard Workforce 28,810
Unemployed Workers 16,287 Regional:
33
Availability:
9
Cost:
39
Regulation:
26
Productivity:
9
Global:
55
Availability:
14
Cost:
74
Regulation:
45
Productivity:
23
Year on Year Luxembourg
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.2%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.6%
64%
30%
6%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.1%5.8% 5.9%
6.7% 6.3%5.5% 5.5% 5.3%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Luxembourg Regional Average
$12.27$12.50 $13.29
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
2015 2017 2019
Luxembourg Minimum Wage 2019…
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by skill level.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
58ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Morocco Agriculture 38% Services 43% Industry 20%
Workforce
53% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 11,955,431
Permanent Employees 5,036,704
Non Standard Workforce 5,794,917
Unemployed Workers 1,123,811 Regional:
34
Availability:
39
Cost:
1
Regulation:
39
Productivity:
16
Global:
58
Availability:
71
Cost:
3
Regulation:
71
Productivity:
36
Year on Year Morocco
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.7%
8%
76%
16%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
9.0%9.2%
9.7% 9.5% 9.3% 9.1% 9.0% 9.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Morocco Regional Average
$1.39 $1.39 $1.46
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Morocco Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
59ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Netherlands Agriculture 2% Services 81% Industry 17%
Workforce
8% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 9,273,700
Permanent Employees 7,454,617
Non Standard Workforce 1,494,503
Unemployed Workers 324,580 Regional:
8
Availability:
6
Cost:
29
Regulation:
25
Productivity:
2
Global:
19
Availability:
10
Cost:
62
Regulation:
44
Productivity:
6
Year on Year Netherlands
Wage Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.67%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.6%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.8%
48%
43%
9%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.8%7.2% 7.4% 6.9%
6.0%4.8%
3.9% 3.5%0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Netherlands Regional Average
$9.53$9.93
$10.93
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Netherlands Minimum Wage 2019…
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
60ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Norway Agriculture 2% Services 79% Industry 19%
Workforce
7% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,852,900
Permanent Employees 2,546,787
Non Standard Workforce 200,556
Unemployed Workers 105,557 Regional:
15
Availability:
2
Cost:
38
Regulation:
12
Productivity:
7
Global:
28
Availability:
3
Cost:
73
Regulation:
23
Productivity:
19
Year on Year Norway
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 3.64%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.6%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.9%
51%
45%
4%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.1% 3.4% 3.5%4.3% 4.7% 4.2% 3.9% 3.7%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Norway Regional Average
$17.90
$20.25
$21.45
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
2015 2017 2019
Norway Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wages have been introduced by sector through collective agreements
in Norway. This rate is the minimum wage for unskilled construction workers with
a year of experience.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
61ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Poland Agriculture 11% Services 58% Industry 31%
Workforce
12% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 17,031,200
Permanent Employees 12,768,461
Non Standard Workforce 3,394,148
Unemployed Workers 868,591 Regional:
31
Availability:
22
Cost:
27
Regulation:
27
Productivity:
24
Global:
51
Availability:
28
Cost:
57
Regulation:
48
Productivity:
47
Year on Year Poland
Wage Inflation Rate (Oct) 5.9%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 2.6%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 4%
39%
54%
7%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
10.1% 10.3%9.0%
7.5%6.2%
4.9%3.7%
5.1%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Poland Regional Average
$2.58$2.95
$3.75
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Poland Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
62ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Portugal Agriculture 7% Services 68% Industry 25%
Workforce
10% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 5,271,200
Permanent Employees 4,088,417
Non Standard Workforce 861,240
Unemployed Workers 321,543 Regional:
14
Availability:
25
Cost:
18
Regulation:
21
Productivity:
12
Global:
27
Availability:
31
Cost:
42
Regulation:
36
Productivity:
30
Year on Year Portugal
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4.7%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.3%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.9%
36%
53%
11%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
15.5%16.2%
13.9%12.4%
11.1%
8.9%
6.9%
6.1%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Portugal Regional Average
$3.74$3.92
$4.45
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Portugal Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Different minimum wages exist for the Azores and Mederia regions.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
63ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Romania Agriculture 23% Services 48% Industry 29%
Workforce
9% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 9,158,400
Permanent Employees 6,442,495
Non Standard Workforce 2,358,728
Unemployed Workers 357,178 Regional:
20
Availability:
28
Cost:
17
Regulation:
16
Productivity:
29
Global:
37
Availability:
34
Cost:
41
Regulation:
28
Productivity:
53
Year on Year Romania
Wage Inflation Rate (Aug) 12%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.8%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 4%
25%
65%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.8% 7.1% 6.8% 6.8%5.9%
4.9% 4.3% 3.9%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Romania Regional Average
$1.34$1.92
$2.83
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Romania Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
64ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Russia Agriculture 7% Services 66% Industry 27%
Workforce
24% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 76,064,000
Permanent Employees 67,047,754
Non Standard Workforce 5,593,366
Unemployed Workers 3,422,880 Regional:
40
Availability:
35
Cost:
13
Regulation:
40
Productivity:
33
Global:
71
Availability:
47
Cost:
35
Regulation:
73
Productivity:
62
Year on Year Russia
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 3.1%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.5%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.1%
44%
46%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.4% 5.5% 5.2% 5.6% 5.6% 5.2% 4.7% 4.5%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Russia Regional Average
$0.54$0.70 $1.02
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Russia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
65ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Serbia Agriculture 19% Services 57% Industry 24%
Workforce
4% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 3,250,500
Permanent Employees 1,994,338
Non Standard Workforce 921,361
Unemployed Workers 334,802 Regional:
19
Availability:
33
Cost:
4
Regulation:
34
Productivity:
22
Global:
35
Availability:
41
Cost:
11
Regulation:
59
Productivity:
44
Year on Year Serbia
Wage Inflation Rate (Aug) 8.7%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3.5%
29%
62%
9%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
24.0%22.2%
19.2%17.9%
15.3%13.5% 13.5%
10.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Serbia Regional Average
$1.13$1.64 $1.95
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Serbia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
66ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Slovakia Agriculture 3% Services 61% Industry 36%
Workforce
16% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,724,900
Permanent Employees 2,190,002
Non Standard Workforce 398,653
Unemployed Workers 136,245 Regional:
26
Availability:
32
Cost:
11
Regulation:
29
Productivity:
23
Global:
44
Availability:
40
Cost:
33
Regulation:
50
Productivity:
45
Year on Year Slovakia
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4.7%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.6%
34%
58%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
14.0% 14.2%13.2%
11.5%
9.7%8.1%
6.8%
5.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Slovakia Regional Average
$2.40$2.72
$3.29
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Slovakia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
67ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Slovenia Agriculture 5% Services 62% Industry 33%
Workforce
4% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 1,034,300
Permanent Employees 820,802
Non Standard Workforce 136,960
Unemployed Workers 76,538 Regional:
23
Availability:
8
Cost:
26
Regulation:
31
Productivity:
26
Global:
40
Availability:
13
Cost:
54
Regulation:
54
Productivity:
49
Year on Year Slovenia
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4.85%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.9%
44%
47%
9%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
8.8%10.1% 9.7%
9.0%8.0%
6.6%5.5%
7.4%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Slovenia Regional Average
$5.02 $5.03$5.63
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Slovenia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
68ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
South Africa Agriculture 6% Services 71% Industry 23
Workforce
21% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 22,702,855
Permanent Employees 13,681,876
Non Standard Workforce 2,414,449
Unemployed Workers 6,606,531 Regional:
21
Availability:
34
Cost:
14
Regulation:
20
Productivity:
19
Global:
38
Availability:
43
Cost:
37
Regulation:
35
Productivity:
39
Year on Year South Africa
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.6%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.7%
25%
50%
25%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
24.7% 24.6% 24.9% 25.2%26.6% 27.3% 27.0%
29.1%
0%
15%
30%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
South Africa Regional Average
$0.94 $1.03 $1.36
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
South Africa Minimum Wage 2019…
▪ Minimum wages are based on sector and region. 2015 and 2017 rates recorded
were for general employees. In 2019, a national minimum wage was introduced
for all workers. Higher job and task grade specific wages still apply.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
69ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Spain Agriculture 4% Services 77% Industry 19%
Workforce
16% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 23,088,700
Permanent Employees 16,575,544
Non Standard Workforce 3,299,209
Unemployed Workers 3,213,947 Regional:
16
Availability:
20
Cost:
20
Regulation:
24
Productivity:
13
Global:
29
Availability:
26
Cost:
45
Regulation:
40
Productivity:
33
Year on Year Spain
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 4.02%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.2%
34%
53%
13%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
24.8%26.1%
24.4%22.1%
19.6%17.2%
15.5%13.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Spain Regional Average
$4.81$5.24
$5.86
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Spain Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
70ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Sweden Agriculture 2% Services 80% Industry 18%
Workforce
3% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 5,543,800
Permanent Employees 4,695,266
Non Standard Workforce 515,906
Unemployed Workers 332,628 Regional:
9
Availability:
4
Cost:
28
Regulation:
22
Productivity:
6
Global:
20
Availability:
6
Cost:
61
Regulation:
38
Productivity:
18
Year on Year Sweden
Wage Inflation Rate (Aug) 2.4%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.8%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.9%
50%45%
5%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
8.0% 8.1% 8.0% 7.4% 7.0% 6.7% 6.4% 6.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Sweden Regional Average
$14.10 $14.30
$15.30
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
2015 2017 2019
Sweden Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ No minimum wage. This is the lowest of the average wages in the manual
workers sector - the accommodation and food service activities.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
71ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Switzerland Agriculture 3% Services 76% Industry 21%
Workforce
4% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,928,500
Permanent Employees 4,092,242
Non Standard Workforce 727,831
Unemployed Workers 108,427 Regional:
13
Availability:
11
Cost:
40
Regulation:
6
Productivity:
3
Global:
26
Availability:
16
Cost:
75
Regulation:
9
Productivity:
7
Year on Year Switzerland
Wage Inflation Rate (Jun) 0.5%
Inflation Rate (Nov) -0.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.8%
52%
44%
4%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.5% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% 4.9% 4.8% 4.9%
2.2%0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Switzerland Regional Average
$20.01
$20.01
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
2015 2017 2019
Switzerland Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage is set by canton and collective bargaining agreements. Neuchâtel
and Jura implemented a minimum wage in 2017.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
72ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Tunisia Agriculture 14% Services 44% Industry 43%
Workforce
48% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 4,114,586
Permanent Employees 2,539,617
Non Standard Workforce 953,666
Unemployed Workers 621,302 Regional:
38
Availability:
40
Cost:
2
Regulation:
38
Productivity:
28
Global:
69
Availability:
74
Cost:
7
Regulation:
69
Productivity:
52
Year on Year Tunisia
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 6.3%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.5%
22%
56%
22%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
17.6%
15.9%15.1% 15.2% 15.5% 15.4% 15.5% 15.1%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Tunisia Regional Average
$0.57 $0.57
$0.68$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Tunisia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
73ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Turkey Agriculture 19% Services 54% Industry 27%
Workforce
19% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 32,413,100
Permanent Employees 19,066,682
Non Standard Workforce 8,808,584
Unemployed Workers 4,537,834 Regional:
35
Availability:
36
Cost:
16
Regulation:
23
Productivity:
39
Global:
62
Availability:
51
Cost:
39
Regulation:
39
Productivity:
73
Year on Year Turkey
Wage Inflation Rate 1%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 10.56%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.2%
21%
64%
15%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
8.1%8.7%
9.9% 10.2% 10.8% 10.8% 10.9%
14.0%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Turkey Regional Average
$1.76
$2.61
$3.39
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Turkey Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
74ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Ukraine Agriculture 15% Services 60% Industry 25%
Workforce
43% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 20,274,582
Permanent Employees 15,440,554
Non Standard Workforce 3,252,611
Unemployed Workers 1,581,417 Regional:
38
Availability:
38
Cost:
8
Regulation:
36
Productivity:
37
Global:
66
Availability:
62
Cost:
22
Regulation:
64
Productivity:
70
Year on Year Ukraine
Wage Inflation Rate (Oct) 16.37%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 5.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 3%
38%
44%
18%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.5%7.2%
9.3% 9.1% 9.4% 9.5% 9.4%7.8%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Ukraine Regional Average
$0.32$0.80 $1.05
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Ukraine Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
75ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
United Arab Emirates Agriculture <1% Services 61% Industry 39%
Workforce
24% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 6,820,923
Permanent Employees 6,432,965
Non Standard Workforce 212,660
Unemployed Workers 175,298 Regional:
6
Availability:
23
Cost:
30
Regulation:
7
Productivity:
4
Global:
14
Availability:
29
Cost:
63
Regulation:
11
Productivity:
10
Year on Year UAE
Wage Inflation Rate 25
Inflation Rate (Oct) -1.9%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.6%
37%
53%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
2.4% 2.3% 2.1% 1.8% 1.6%2.5% 2.6% 2.6%0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
United Arab Emirates
$3.93 $3.93
$3.93
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
UAE Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage for UAE nationals without a high school certificate.
▪ Expats do not have a set minimum wage although some countries set a
minimum wage for their nationals working in the UAE.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
76ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
United Kingdom Agriculture 1% Services 81% Industry 18%
Workforce
13% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 33,905,300
Permanent Employees 27,626,513
Non Standard Workforce 4,990,385
Unemployed Workers 1,288,401 Regional:
1
Availability:
3
Cost:
22
Regulation:
3
Productivity:
5
Global:
4
Availability:
4
Cost:
47
Regulation:
6
Productivity:
11
Year on Year United Kingdom
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 3.6%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 1.5%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.2%
48%
43%
9%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
7.9% 7.5%6.1%
5.3% 4.8% 4.3% 4.0% 3.8%
0%
10%
20%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
United Kingdom Regional Average
$8.38
$9.67$10.59
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
United Kingdom Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 40)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
77
Detailed Country Analysis
Asia-Pacific
78ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Australia Agriculture 3% Services 78% Industry 19%
Workforce
8% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 13,658,100
Permanent Employees 10,761,272
Non Standard Workforce 2,172,949
Unemployed Workers 723,879 Regional:
5
Availability:
3
Cost:
14
Regulation:
4
Productivity:
10
Global:
11
Availability:
8
Cost:
64
Regulation:
10
Productivity:
22
Year on Year Australia
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 2.2%
Inflation Rate (Sep) 1.7%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 1.7%
46%
46%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
5.2%5.7%
6.1% 6.1%5.7% 5.6% 5.4% 5.3%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2109
Australia Regional Average
$11.43
$12.39 $13.14
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
Australia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ This is the standard minimum wage, there are also specific awards determined
by the Fair Work Commission which determine the minimum rate of pay based
on grade and job role.
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
79ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
China Agriculture 18% Services 56% Industry 27%
Workforce
47% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 787,551,371
Permanent Employees 484,319,049
Non Standard Workforce 274,801,717
Unemployed Workers 28,430,604 Regional:
14
Availability:
9
Cost:
13
Regulation:
10
Productivity:
13
Global:
60
Availability:
46
Cost:
59
Regulation:
51
Productivity:
42
Year on Year China
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 4.5%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 6.1%
13%
79%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4%
3.6%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
China Regional Average
$2.13$2.60 $2.89
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
China Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage varies by District and region.
▪ This is the wage for Guangzhou, Guangdong Province.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
https://www.china-briefing.com/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
80ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Hong Kong Agriculture <1% Services 87% Industry 13%
Workforce
12% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 3,969,300
Permanent Employees 3,500,089
Non Standard Workforce 346,163
Unemployed Workers 123,048 Regional:
2
Availability:
4
Cost:
5
Regulation:
3
Productivity:
1
Global:
2
Availability:
20
Cost:
13
Regulation:
4
Productivity:
1
Year on Year Hong Kong
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 3.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.3%
39%
41%
20%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.3% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 3.4% 3.1% 2.8%3.1%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Hong Kong Regional Average
$3.83$4.41 $4.79
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Hong Kong Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
81ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
India Agriculture 43% Services 33% Industry 24%
Workforce
64% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 510,486,051
Permanent Employees 99,024,084
Non Standard Workforce 368,070,652
Unemployed Workers 43,391,314 Regional:
11
Availability:
13
Cost:
6
Regulation:
9
Productivity:
12
Global:
31
Availability:
58
Cost:
19
Regulation:
42
Productivity:
31
Year on Year India
Wage Inflation Rate 25
Inflation Rate (Oct) 4.62%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 6.1%
16%
57%
27%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
2.7% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8% 2.7% 2.6% 2.6%
8.5%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
India Regional Average
$0.61$0.90 $1.00
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
India Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage varies by Region and job type.
▪ This is the wage for unskilled labour in Delhi.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
82ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Indonesia Agriculture 30% Services 47% Industry 23%
Workforce
63% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 133,950,010
Permanent Employees 62,296,828
Non Standard Workforce 64,580,622
Unemployed Workers 7,072,561 Regional:
15
Availability:
15
Cost:
3
Regulation:
15
Productivity:
15
Global:
63
Availability:
67
Cost:
4
Regulation:
72
Productivity:
60
Year on Year Indonesia
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 5%
11%
71%
18%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.5% 4.3% 4.0%4.5% 4.3% 4.2% 4.3%
5.3%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Indonesia Regional Average
$1.11$1.37 $1.61
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Indonesia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage varies by Region.
▪ This is the wage for Jakarta.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
83ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Japan Agriculture 3% Services 71% Industry 26%
Workforce
12% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 68,970,000
Permanent Employees 60,179,360
Non Standard Workforce 7,135,360
Unemployed Workers 1,655,280 Regional:
10
Availability:
8
Cost:
11
Regulation:
6
Productivity:
7
Global:
22
Availability:
44
Cost:
56
Regulation:
15
Productivity:
15
Year on Year Japan
Wage Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.5%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.2%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.9%
25%
68%
7%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.3% 4.0%3.6% 3.4% 3.1% 2.8%
2.4% 2.4%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Japan Regional Average
$7.28$7.51
$7.99
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Japan Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage varies by Prefecture. This is based on an average.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
84ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Macau Agriculture <1% Services 79% Industry 21%
Workforce
47% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 385,555
Permanent Employees 352,491
Non Standard Workforce 26,124
Unemployed Workers 6,940 Regional:
8
Availability:
14
Cost:
4
Regulation:
8
Productivity:
4
Global:
16
Availability:
60
Cost:
10
Regulation:
37
Productivity:
9
Year on Year Macau
Wage Inflation Rate 4%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 2.86%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) -1.3%
23%
61%
16%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
2.0% 1.8% 1.7% 1.8% 1.9% 2.0% 2.0% 1.8%0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Macau Regional Average
$3.72 $3.72 $3.72
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Macau Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
85ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Malaysia Agriculture 11% Services 62% Industry 27%
Workforce
26% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 15,722,423
Permanent Employees 11,311,466
Non Standard Workforce 3,892,117
Unemployed Workers 518,840 Regional:
7
Availability:
12
Cost:
9
Regulation:
5
Productivity:
5
Global:
15
Availability:
56
Cost:
40
Regulation:
12
Productivity:
12
Year on Year Malaysia
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 1.1%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 4.5%
26%
60%
14%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.0% 3.1% 2.9% 3.1%3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Malaysia Regional Average
$1.04$1.15
$1.27
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Malaysia Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ A uniform minimum wage has recently been introduced.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
86ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
New Zealand Agriculture 7% Services 73% Industry 20%
Workforce
9% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 2,778,000
Permanent Employees 2,200,915
Non Standard Workforce 460,409
Unemployed Workers 116,676 Regional:
3
Availability:
2
Cost:
8
Regulation:
2
Productivity:
3
Global:
3
Availability:
5
Cost:
25
Regulation:
3
Productivity:
8
Year on Year New Zealand
Labour Costs Index (Nov) 2.4%
Inflation Rate (Sep) 1.5%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.5%
46%
48%
6%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
6.9%6.3%
5.8%5.4% 5.1%
4.7% 4.5%4.2%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
New Zealand Regional Average
$9.15
$10.11$11.36
$0
$5
$10
$15
2015 2017 2019
New Zealand Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
87ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Philippines Agriculture 26% Services 56% Industry 18%
Workforce
28% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 43,675,290
Permanent Employees 25,409,847
Non Standard Workforce 15,906,977
Unemployed Workers 2,358,466 Regional:
4
Availability:
5
Cost:
2
Regulation:
11
Productivity:
11
Global:
10
Availability:
36
Cost:
2
Regulation:
53
Productivity:
26
Year on Year Philippines
Wage Inflation Rate 4%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 1.3%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 5.7%
25%
43%
32%Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.5% 3.5% 3.6%3.0% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5%
5.4%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Philippines Regional Average
$1.15$1.26 $1.32
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Philippines Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by region and occupation. This is the rate in the National
Capital Region (NCR).
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
88ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Singapore Agriculture <1% Services 84% Industry 16%
Workforce
9% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 3,310,065
Permanent Employees 2,777,949
Non Standard Workforce 455,985
Unemployed Workers 76,131 Regional:
1
Availability:
1
Cost:
10
Regulation:
1
Productivity:
2
Global:
1
Availability:
1
Cost:
55
Regulation:
1
Productivity:
2
Year on Year Singapore
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Oct) 0.4%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 0.5%
56%
36%
8%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
3.7% 3.9% 3.7% 3.8% 4.1% 3.9% 3.8%
2.3%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Singapore Regional Average
$4.23 $4.23$4.52
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Singapore Minimum Wage 2019 USD
▪ Minimum wage only applies to cleaners and security staff.
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
89ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
South Korea Agriculture 5% Services 70% Industry 25%
Workforce
23% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 28,480,000
Permanent Employees 19,403,139
Non Standard Workforce 8,080,061
Unemployed Workers 996,800 Regional:
12
Availability:
7
Cost:
15
Regulation:
12
Productivity:
9
Global:
56
Availability:
42
Cost:
66
Regulation:
55
Productivity:
17
Year on Year South Korea
Labour Cost Index (July) 4.3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.2%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2%
22%
65%
13%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.2% 4.2% 4.0% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 3.8%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Taiwan Regional Average
$4.74
$5.50
$8.51
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
South Korea Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
90ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Taiwan Agriculture 5% Services 59% Industry 36%
Workforce
29% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 11,948,000
Permanent Employees 9,120,408
Non Standard Workforce 2,380,737
Unemployed Workers 446,855 Regional:
9
Availability:
6
Cost:
12
Regulation:
7
Productivity:
8
Global:
17
Availability:
37
Cost:
58
Regulation:
18
Productivity:
16
Year on Year Taiwan
Wage Inflation Rate (Sep) 1.72%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.59%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2%
34%
41%
25%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
4.2% 4.2% 4.0% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 3.8%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Taiwan Regional Average
$3.77$4.36
$4.92
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Taiwan Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
91ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Thailand Agriculture 33% Services 45% Industry 23%
Workforce
43% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 38,765,994
Permanent Employees 18,132,871
Non Standard Workforce 20,284,229
Unemployed Workers 348,894 Regional:
6
Availability:
10
Cost:
1
Regulation:
13
Productivity:
6
Global:
12
Availability:
48
Cost:
1
Regulation:
61
Productivity:
14
Year on Year Thailand
Wage Inflation Rate 3%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 0.21%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 2.9%
14%
76%
10%
Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.9%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Thailand Regional Average
$1.24 $1.28 $1.36
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Thailand Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Minimum wage varies by province.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
92ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR Q4, 2019
Vietnam Agriculture 41% Services 34% Industry 2%
Workforce
37% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector
Total Workforce 57,499,679
Permanent Employees 23,344,553
Non Standard Workforce 32,907,383
Unemployed Workers 1,247,743 Regional:
13
Availability:
11
Cost:
7
Regulation:
14
Productivity:
14
Global:
57
Availability:
55
Cost:
21
Regulation:
62
Productivity:
59
Year on Year Vietnam
Wage Inflation Rate 2%
Inflation Rate (Nov) 3.52%
GDP Growth (IMF Oct) 6.5%
12%
48%
40%Highly Skilled
Medium Skilled
Non Skilled
Skill Level of Workforce
1.0% 1.3% 1.3%1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 2.2%
0%
10%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Vietnam Regional Average
$0.67$0.93 $1.04
$0
$5
$10
2015 2017 2019
Vietnam Minimum Wage 2019 USD
Economic Climate
Inflation and GDPUnemployment Rate over Time
2019 Global TWI Ranking (out of 76) 2019 Regional TWI Ranking (out of 15)
Manpower 2019 Total Workforce Index
Minimum Wage Over Time (2019 USD Constant Currency)
Key Sources:
https://tradingeconomics.com/
https://data.worldbank.org/
https://www.imf.org/
https://ilostat.ilo.org/
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/
https://wageindicator.org/
▪ Varies by region. This rate is Region 1.Unemployment rates from 2012 to 2018 are the average yearly rate
as reported by the World Bank. The 2019 figure may not be directly
comparable as it is not an average and is from in-country sources.
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