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Branch of study dealing with what is the
proper course of action for man.
Study of right and wrong in human
endeavors
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Means of deciding a course of action
We are able to correctly organize ourgoals and actions to accomplish our
most important values
Without it, our actions would be random
and aimless
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Potency of life:
Economic value assigned to life in
general, or to specific living organisms marginal cost of death prevention in a
certain class of circumstances
determined by looking at a person'swillingness to pay for good health.
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Some people feel that putting an economic
price tag on life is inhumane
However, it is mainly used in circumstances of
saving lives as opposed to taking or
"producing" lives.
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Is a poor mans life worth less than a rich
mans?
If money cant buy happiness then it is silly to
equate value of life to wealth.
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Morality refers to the social norms and
values.
It guides the choices we make in several
situations where there is trade off
between values and profit.
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Human dignity, human rights and justice
Beneficence
Cultural diversity, pluralism and tolerance
Solidarity, equity and cooperation
Responsibility for the biosphere
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The Bhopal gas leak is one of the worstindustrial disasters in history.
On December 3 1984,M
ethylIsocyanate(MIC) leaked from chemical plant which is
majority-owned by Union Carbide in Bhopal-MP.
Statistics :3,800 people died instantly. 1 year later:
1,800 Bhopal residents had died.
320,000 citizens had been affected by the disaster
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Culprit: Union Carbide India Ltd. (UCIL) Carelessness in plant layout.
Faulty design and construction.
No safety adequate precautions. Indian Govt. (GOI)
Approval of Chemical Plant near residential zone
Improper monitoring and due diligence.
Lack of Regulatory and enforcement framework to avertthe crisis.
Red-Tapeism.
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UCILs approach towards safety, FinancialRamifications, then the Worker !
Safety precautions were designed with the
machines in mind, not the workers. Financials ramifications of machinery
breakdown was given a priority. Human-Centered approach was undermined. Bhopal tragedy paved way for a need for a
technology-centered to human-centered shift. Price ofIndian life was undervalued and
undermined.
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Even today thirty to fifty people per monthdie from adverse effects of the disaster.
Indian government agreed upon a $470million liability settlement with Union Carbide
for all-inclusive damages in 1989. Union Carbide-parent company(U.S.) denied
responsibility for the accident. 27 Yrs after the disaster Victims still await
justice . Bhopal gas tragedy V/s BPOil Spill
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Neck to neck with pharma and software
industry in terms of growth
12% of the potential has been tapped Worth 17 billion and expected to grow at 13%
every year
India's expenses on health care sector
comprises 5.25% of the GDP
Increase in medical scams
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Medical tourism: big boom due to low costs
of healthcare and advent of foreign investors
Modus operandi:Amit Kumar and doctorsinvolved threatned labourers and sedated
them and removed their organs
Duped foreigners who were lax in their choice
of doctors or just plain desperate
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Ketan Desai (Chief ofMedical Council of
India) was arrested by CBI)
Illegally gave approvals to medical instituteseven if they did not meet legal requirements
Worked with J P Singh who gave informationto these institutes about the schedules of
inspection team visits
Spread to government medical colleges:
seats are sold for money
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Child labour refers to the employment of
children at regular and sustained labour
According to the statistics given by Indiangovernment there are 20 million child
laborers in the country, while other agenciesclaim that it is 50 million.
12.6 million children in hazardousoccupations, India has the highest number of
labourers in the world under 14 years of age.
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Work for at least eight hours at a stretch
Children are malnourished
Poor working conditions Illiterate and Poverty stricken
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Criminal activity
Lack of physical and mental ability of children
Prevents children from going to school Precarious life lead by the children
Most critical years of life lost to exploitation
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Beedi manufacture
Diamond industry
Fireworks manufacture Silk manufacture
Domestic labour
Construction
Brick kilns
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Majority of the children employed in thisindustry are girls
Work for 12 hours a day and get Rs.6 to Rs.15per day Parents of such children are extremely poor
and live in villages around the factories and
towns Common practice to give parents advances
against work by their children Worst working conditions
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Strain on their immature bone structure
Working in hazardous conditions
Eye sight and respiratory problems Loss of apetite and malnutrition
Mental development is restricted
No opportunity for education
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Some of the main education-related policy options to tackle child labour includethe following:
providing free, public and compulsory education to encourage parents to sendchildren to school and reduce the dropout rate;
removing barriers to girls education (and in some places, barriers to boyseducation), addressing the underrepresentation of girls in education, changing
traditional thinking that may prevent girls from attending schools, making theambience of schools more welcoming to girls and providing women teachers, whocan act as role models;
reducing direct and indirect costs of schooling, as poor families often cannot affordschool fees and other related costs;
ensuring that children have access to a school and a safe, quality learningenvironment
tackling the worldwide shortage of teachers and ensuring a properly trained and
professional teaching force; creating financial incentives to encourage families to send their children to school; providing transitional education for children and youth who have missed out on
formal schooling; and ensuring that economic policies and poverty reduction
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Headed byThe Union Minister for Labour &Employment
Realistic implementation of labour laws Issues:
payment of minimum wages,
contract labour,
tripartite consultation system, implementation of labour laws,
registration of trade unions,
social security etc.
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No child below the age of fourteen shall be
employed to work in any factory or mine or
engaged in any other hazardous
employment.
The state shall, in particular, direct its policy
towards securing: that the health andstrength of workers, men and women.
The tender age children are not abused.
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The citizens are not forced by economicnecessity to enter avocations unsuited to theirage or strength.
Children are given opportunities and facilities todevelop in a healthy manner and in conditions offreedom and dignity and that childhood andyouth are protected against exploitation andagainst moral and material abandonment.
State shall make provisions for securing just andhumane conditions of work and for maternityrelief.
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OCCUPATIONALSAFETY ANDHEALTH
Field organizations ofMinistry of Labour and
Employment Directorate General ofMines Safety (DGMS)
Directorate General of FactoryAdvice Service andLabour Institutes (DGFASLI)
Safety of Factories, mines and ports
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Continuous reduction in the incidence of work related injuries,fatalities, diseases, disasters and loss of national assets.
Improved coverage of work related injuries, fatalities and diseases
and provide for a more comprehensive data base for facilitatingbetter performance and monitoring.
Continuous enhancement of community awareness regardingsafety, health and environment at workplace related areas.
Continually increasing community expectation of workplacehealth and safety standards.
Improving safety, health and environment at workplace bycreation of green jobs contributing to sustainable enterprisedevelopment.
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Providing a statutory framework on Occupational Safetyand Health in respect of all sectors of industrial activitiesincluding the construction sector, designing suitablecontrol systems of compliance, enforcement andincentives for better compliance. Providing administrative
and technical support services and providing a system ofincentives to employers and employees to achieve higherhealth and safety standards.
Providing for a system of non-financial incentives forimprovement in safety and health.
Establishing and developing the research anddevelopment capability in emerging areas of risk andproviding for effective control measures.
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Focusing on prevention strategies and monitoringperformance through improved data collection system onwork related injuries and diseases.
Developing and providing required technical manpower
and knowledge in the areas of safety, health andenvironment at workplaces in different sectors.
Promoting inclusion of safety, health and environment,improvement at workplaces as an important componentin other relevant national policy documents.
Including safety and occupational health as an integralpart of every operation.
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Set up in 1975, is functioning in the Ministry to pay specialattention to the problems of women labour.
Responsibilities: Coordinating effort in respect of Women labour within the
policy framework on women drawn by Ministry of Women andChild Development the Nodal department on the issue.
Work in conjunction with Ministry of Women and ChildDevelopment and provide useful inputs on women workforcefor effective formulation ofProgrammes and Policies on the
subject.
Implementation of the Equal RemunerationAct, i.e., itsextension to various employments/Industries and examinationof the difficulties, if any, pointed out by the units/Industries.
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Responsibilities:
Setting up ofAdvisory Committee for promotion ofemployment of women under the Equal RemunerationAct,1976 and providing secretariat assistance to the Committee.
Follow up action on the Supreme Court Judgement in thematter of prevention of sexual harassment of women at theirwork place and periodical reviews of the initiatives taken in thematter in consultation with related agencies viz. NationalCommission for Women, Ministry of Women and Child
Development, National Labour Institute, etc.
The Cell is also administering a grants-in-aid Scheme forproviding financial assistance to organization (voluntary andnon-government) for taking up action programmes/projects forthe benefit of women labour.
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1979 - Gurupadswamy Committee
1986 - Child Labour (Prohibition &Regulation)Act
1987 - National Policy on Child Labour
Coverage increased from 12 districts in1988
To 250 districts in 10th 5 year plan
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LegislativeAction Plan
General DevelopmentalProgrammes
Project Based Plan ofAction
National Child Labour Project (NCLP)
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In the age group 5-14 years
1971 1,07,53,985
1981 1,36,40,870 1991 1,12,85,349
2001 1,26,66,377
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2 million - deaths due to occupational
accidents and work-related
diseases
270 million - injuries due to occupationalaccidents
160 million - work-related diseases
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