PRICE OF LIFE

8/7/2019 PRICE OF LIFE

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Branch of study dealing with what is the

proper course of action for man.

Study of right and wrong in human

endeavors


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Means of deciding a course of action

We are able to correctly organize ourgoals and actions to accomplish our

most important values

Without it, our actions would be random

and aimless


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Potency of life:

Economic value assigned to life in

general, or to specific living organisms marginal cost of death prevention in a

certain class of circumstances

determined by looking at a person'swillingness to pay for good health.


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Some people feel that putting an economic

price tag on life is inhumane

However, it is mainly used in circumstances of

saving lives as opposed to taking or

"producing" lives.


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Is a poor mans life worth less than a rich

mans?

If money cant buy happiness then it is silly to

equate value of life to wealth.


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Morality refers to the social norms and

values.

It guides the choices we make in several

situations where there is trade off

between values and profit.


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Human dignity, human rights and justice

Beneficence

Cultural diversity, pluralism and tolerance

Solidarity, equity and cooperation

Responsibility for the biosphere


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The Bhopal gas leak is one of the worstindustrial disasters in history.

On December 3 1984,M

ethylIsocyanate(MIC) leaked from chemical plant which is

majority-owned by Union Carbide in Bhopal-MP.

Statistics :3,800 people died instantly. 1 year later:

1,800 Bhopal residents had died.

320,000 citizens had been affected by the disaster


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Culprit: Union Carbide India Ltd. (UCIL) Carelessness in plant layout.

Faulty design and construction.

No safety adequate precautions. Indian Govt. (GOI)

Approval of Chemical Plant near residential zone

Improper monitoring and due diligence.

Lack of Regulatory and enforcement framework to avertthe crisis.

Red-Tapeism.


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UCILs approach towards safety, FinancialRamifications, then the Worker !

Safety precautions were designed with the

machines in mind, not the workers. Financials ramifications of machinery

breakdown was given a priority. Human-Centered approach was undermined. Bhopal tragedy paved way for a need for a

technology-centered to human-centered shift. Price ofIndian life was undervalued and

undermined.


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Even today thirty to fifty people per monthdie from adverse effects of the disaster.

Indian government agreed upon a $470million liability settlement with Union Carbide

for all-inclusive damages in 1989. Union Carbide-parent company(U.S.) denied

responsibility for the accident. 27 Yrs after the disaster Victims still await

justice . Bhopal gas tragedy V/s BPOil Spill


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Neck to neck with pharma and software

industry in terms of growth

12% of the potential has been tapped Worth 17 billion and expected to grow at 13%

every year

India's expenses on health care sector

comprises 5.25% of the GDP

Increase in medical scams


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Medical tourism: big boom due to low costs

of healthcare and advent of foreign investors

Modus operandi:Amit Kumar and doctorsinvolved threatned labourers and sedated

them and removed their organs

Duped foreigners who were lax in their choice

of doctors or just plain desperate


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Ketan Desai (Chief ofMedical Council of

India) was arrested by CBI)

Illegally gave approvals to medical instituteseven if they did not meet legal requirements

Worked with J P Singh who gave informationto these institutes about the schedules of

inspection team visits

Spread to government medical colleges:

seats are sold for money


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Child labour refers to the employment of

children at regular and sustained labour

According to the statistics given by Indiangovernment there are 20 million child

laborers in the country, while other agenciesclaim that it is 50 million.

12.6 million children in hazardousoccupations, India has the highest number of

labourers in the world under 14 years of age.


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Work for at least eight hours at a stretch

Children are malnourished

Poor working conditions Illiterate and Poverty stricken


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Criminal activity

Lack of physical and mental ability of children

Prevents children from going to school Precarious life lead by the children

Most critical years of life lost to exploitation


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Beedi manufacture

Diamond industry

Fireworks manufacture Silk manufacture

Domestic labour

Construction

Brick kilns


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Majority of the children employed in thisindustry are girls

Work for 12 hours a day and get Rs.6 to Rs.15per day Parents of such children are extremely poor

and live in villages around the factories and

towns Common practice to give parents advances

against work by their children Worst working conditions


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Strain on their immature bone structure

Working in hazardous conditions

Eye sight and respiratory problems Loss of apetite and malnutrition

Mental development is restricted

No opportunity for education


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Some of the main education-related policy options to tackle child labour includethe following:

providing free, public and compulsory education to encourage parents to sendchildren to school and reduce the dropout rate;

removing barriers to girls education (and in some places, barriers to boyseducation), addressing the underrepresentation of girls in education, changing

traditional thinking that may prevent girls from attending schools, making theambience of schools more welcoming to girls and providing women teachers, whocan act as role models;

reducing direct and indirect costs of schooling, as poor families often cannot affordschool fees and other related costs;

ensuring that children have access to a school and a safe, quality learningenvironment

tackling the worldwide shortage of teachers and ensuring a properly trained and

professional teaching force; creating financial incentives to encourage families to send their children to school; providing transitional education for children and youth who have missed out on

formal schooling; and ensuring that economic policies and poverty reduction


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Headed byThe Union Minister for Labour &Employment

Realistic implementation of labour laws Issues:

payment of minimum wages,

contract labour,

tripartite consultation system, implementation of labour laws,

registration of trade unions,

social security etc.


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No child below the age of fourteen shall be

employed to work in any factory or mine or

engaged in any other hazardous

employment.

The state shall, in particular, direct its policy

towards securing: that the health andstrength of workers, men and women.

The tender age children are not abused.


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The citizens are not forced by economicnecessity to enter avocations unsuited to theirage or strength.

Children are given opportunities and facilities todevelop in a healthy manner and in conditions offreedom and dignity and that childhood andyouth are protected against exploitation andagainst moral and material abandonment.

State shall make provisions for securing just andhumane conditions of work and for maternityrelief.


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OCCUPATIONALSAFETY ANDHEALTH

Field organizations ofMinistry of Labour and

Employment Directorate General ofMines Safety (DGMS)

Directorate General of FactoryAdvice Service andLabour Institutes (DGFASLI)

Safety of Factories, mines and ports


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Continuous reduction in the incidence of work related injuries,fatalities, diseases, disasters and loss of national assets.

Improved coverage of work related injuries, fatalities and diseases

and provide for a more comprehensive data base for facilitatingbetter performance and monitoring.

Continuous enhancement of community awareness regardingsafety, health and environment at workplace related areas.

Continually increasing community expectation of workplacehealth and safety standards.

Improving safety, health and environment at workplace bycreation of green jobs contributing to sustainable enterprisedevelopment.


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Providing a statutory framework on Occupational Safetyand Health in respect of all sectors of industrial activitiesincluding the construction sector, designing suitablecontrol systems of compliance, enforcement andincentives for better compliance. Providing administrative

and technical support services and providing a system ofincentives to employers and employees to achieve higherhealth and safety standards.

Providing for a system of non-financial incentives forimprovement in safety and health.

Establishing and developing the research anddevelopment capability in emerging areas of risk andproviding for effective control measures.


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Focusing on prevention strategies and monitoringperformance through improved data collection system onwork related injuries and diseases.

Developing and providing required technical manpower

and knowledge in the areas of safety, health andenvironment at workplaces in different sectors.

Promoting inclusion of safety, health and environment,improvement at workplaces as an important componentin other relevant national policy documents.

Including safety and occupational health as an integralpart of every operation.


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Set up in 1975, is functioning in the Ministry to pay specialattention to the problems of women labour.

Responsibilities: Coordinating effort in respect of Women labour within the

policy framework on women drawn by Ministry of Women andChild Development the Nodal department on the issue.

Work in conjunction with Ministry of Women and ChildDevelopment and provide useful inputs on women workforcefor effective formulation ofProgrammes and Policies on the

subject.

Implementation of the Equal RemunerationAct, i.e., itsextension to various employments/Industries and examinationof the difficulties, if any, pointed out by the units/Industries.


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Responsibilities:

Setting up ofAdvisory Committee for promotion ofemployment of women under the Equal RemunerationAct,1976 and providing secretariat assistance to the Committee.

Follow up action on the Supreme Court Judgement in thematter of prevention of sexual harassment of women at theirwork place and periodical reviews of the initiatives taken in thematter in consultation with related agencies viz. NationalCommission for Women, Ministry of Women and Child

Development, National Labour Institute, etc.

The Cell is also administering a grants-in-aid Scheme forproviding financial assistance to organization (voluntary andnon-government) for taking up action programmes/projects forthe benefit of women labour.


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1979 - Gurupadswamy Committee

1986 - Child Labour (Prohibition &Regulation)Act

1987 - National Policy on Child Labour

Coverage increased from 12 districts in1988

To 250 districts in 10th 5 year plan


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LegislativeAction Plan

General DevelopmentalProgrammes

Project Based Plan ofAction

National Child Labour Project (NCLP)


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In the age group 5-14 years

1971 1,07,53,985

1981 1,36,40,870 1991 1,12,85,349

2001 1,26,66,377


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2 million - deaths due to occupational

accidents and work-related

diseases

270 million - injuries due to occupationalaccidents

160 million - work-related diseases

PRICE OF LIFE

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