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Adegbola, A. I & Prof. Hassan A. Saliu
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The Study explained poverty and its implication forDevelopment in Nigeria
Exposed the issue of economic growth without economic
development Nigeria·s economic reforms Seek to maintain economic
growth while the bulk of population remain impoverished«
Development as a process by which people create andrecreate themselves« with their own choices and values ² is
seriously negated in Nigeria The study canvassed for the creation of an outward-oriented
economy via social development to arrest the imbalance.
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The (MDG) Millennium Development Goals ² (2015).
Where is Nigeria in 2011?
Still in a state of paradox? (World Bank 1996)
Endowed State ² strong Economic indices but«
In 1996 ² poverty level was 48% (UNDP)
In 2005 ² poverty level was 60% (DFID)
In 2007 ² 80 million Nigerians lived below poverty line In 2010/2011 ² over 80% of the population are poor
(Experts)
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Can we have strong economic growth ² while the
population remains in abject poverty?
Can we have growth without Development?
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Poverty ² A relative issue ² can·t be boxedinto a corner
But it is Mirror! Poverty is the description of elements necessary
for human survival
Poverty of hunger, material things, culture, goodgovernance, law, socio-economic development,«, also a political issue, a judiciary issue
PRSP ² Lack of means to satisfy basic material
needs as well as feeling of powerlessness! The poor·s definition of Poverty ²
Horowitz (2000) ² A dense concentration ofdisadvantaged circumstances that can swamp
development Negatively
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First, what is the Role of the state?
To make its citizens happy and make life
worth living
Every Activities and Laws must address therole
All Democratic politics must herald freedom,
welfare prosperity and justice for the
populace The State must provide a viable economy
and a climate and a climate for eradication
of poverty of material well-being«
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Second, what is the International
Norm?
The struggle against poverty is declared as the
main aim of all development activities
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP)
approach ² centers on the promotion ofdemocracy and the eradication of poverty
International Institute for Democracy and
Electoral Assistance (IDEA), World Bank, UNDP,
Democracy Forum, All trying to link poverty
eradication & democracy promotion
The 1948 Universal declaration of human rights
too ² (pg 7)
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Third ² But how has Nigeria fared?
Mazrui (1980:71) ² had a political diagnosis
of the African condition ² observed ² ´The
emerging democracies in Africa are
characterized by the pathology offragmented economyµ
Rich continent which contains many poverty ²
Stricken societies.Examples: AIDS, debt burden ² poverty indices like ²
Unemployment Security challenges, boisterous politics,
high level of illiteracy e.t.c
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Randall and Theobald (1985:28) ² Poor
capabilities ² pg8
Almond and Powell ² Beginning of
modernization, crises of State building
processes and integration, culture, increasing
pressure of participation (pg8)
Rostow ² Stages of Development (pg9) Rodney ² Man·s efforts to deal with its
natural environment (pg 9)
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The poverty situation is well captured here
(pgs 17 ² 22)
Abandonment of Agriculture
Oil ² A blessing or a problem? ² Monoculture
Economy?
SAP ² Any benefit?
Obasanjo·s Economic Reforms? ² (Maintainingeconomic growth
without corresponding development).
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Nigeria·s poor economic responses cont¶d
Goodluck Jonathan ² Any good luck? ² can removal ofoil subsidy do the magic? Has he linked the presentsecurity challenges to level of poverty & development?
Do Okonjo Iweala has the magic wand? Death of Infrastructures & Services
Power generation, Roads, Rail, Raw materials, corruption,value of Naira (per capital Income), Security challenges
The Economic burden had resulted to individual poverty,which has now accumulated to National Poverty ² now a
heavyweight on the country·s development ambitions.
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Development must be interpreted to
encompass much more than a rapid rate of
growth in the GNP
Key points in outward-oriented Economy
and Social Development
Diversification of export base
Substantial direct foreign investment (tacklesecurity challenges and infrastructure)
Stable political and macro economic
environment
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Policy Options cont¶d
Revamping the country·s productive base
The private sector ² (low cost environment) to
play a major role in job creation
The China Example ² Running a competitiveand outward-oriented economy ² 9%
average annual growth rate for 28years
400M people out of poverty
Combine with good practices of socialpolicy within the overall development
strategy
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The existing disconnections between economic
growth and social development must be taken care
of, or else, our development ¶dance· will remain one
leg forward and two legs backwards
References.
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